Features of electric shock presentation. Analysis of the risk of electric shock. Thank you for your attention

Electrical injury is a painful condition of the body caused by the action of an electric current. The severity of electrical injury depends on the parameters of the current and the duration of its impact. The main danger in electrical injury is not a burn, but physiological disorders associated with the passage of current through vital organs. Electricity surrounds us everywhere, without it it is difficult to imagine existence. modern man. But are you really ready to help if someone next to you, as the people say, “shocks”?

First aid in case of electric shock should be provided immediately, directly at the scene. First, you should immediately stop exposing a person to electric current: unplug the plug from the outlet, turn off the circuit breaker, automatic machine, safety plugs, discard the bare wire, etc. electric shock happened at the top.

Until the tension is relieved, you, too, can be hurt by touching the victim. Use insulating material: dry rubber gloves to pull the casualty aside, or a wooden stick to shove away exposed wire. After that, you should call " ambulance”, and assess the condition of the victim themselves. If there are no severe injuries with loss of consciousness, a sedative and analgesic should be given (510 drops of valerian or corvalol tincture, 0.1 g of analgin), warm tea.

In severe injuries with loss of consciousness, it is necessary to constantly monitor the breathing and heartbeat of the victim. In the event of cardiac arrest, mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration and chest compressions should be started without delay. Sometimes cardiac activity can be restored with a sharp blow to the sternum with the palm of your hand.

After making sure of the restoration of cardiac activity and respiration, it is necessary to apply dry aseptic dressings to the areas of electric burn. In case of possible fractures, apply splints to the fracture sites using improvised means. If, after release from the action of the current, there are no signs of life in the victim, artificial respiration and closed heart massage should immediately begin and continue without interruption until the ambulance arrives. At the same time, warm the victim with a blanket, clothing, heating pads.

In the event that you managed to restore breathing and cardiac activity before the arrival of medical workers, apply a dry sterile bandage to the affected area. For minor burns, use a regular bandage; for extensive burns, use clean sheets or cloths. Should not be applied to the burn medicines no liquids, no ointments, no powders! All those affected by electric current must be delivered to a medical institution, and always on a stretcher, regardless of how they feel. This must be done because a disorder of cardiac activity and respiration may occur again.

Sources: 1. Chumachenko Yu.T., Chumachenko G.V., Efimova A.V. Operation of vehicles and labor protection on vehicles. - Rostov-on-Don: Phoenix, - fig. 2 slide 3. st_aid_to_victims_of_traumatic_injuries_and_urgent_situation s/first_aid_for_electric_shock/ fig. Slide 3, 4, 5 http:// st_aid_to_victims_of_traumatic_injuries_and_urgent_situation s/first_aid_for_electric_shock/

There are two types of effects of electric current on the human body: electric shock and electric shock.

With an electric shock, the muscles of the body begin to contract convulsively - possible heart paralysis.

In case of electrical injury, burns form on the human body at the point of contact with the wire.

When providing first aid, you must first of all take care of your own safety and ensure the safety of the victim.

If the victim touches an electrical wire

or is in the step voltage zone, then

it can only be approached in a dielectric

The rules for releasing the victim from the action of electric current differ depending on the voltage.

For voltages up to 1000 volts:

Put on dielectric gloves;

Turn off electrical equipment;

Release the victim from contact with electrical equipment or electrical wires;

Place a dielectric mat under the victim;

If there are means of protection against electrical

current - use them.

7. First aid for electric shock

At voltages above 1000 volts:

Turn off the electrical equipment in the switchgear;

When under a power line - put on dielectric gloves and shoes no closer than 8 meters from the wire touching the ground;

Approach the victim with a dielectric rod (another non-conductive object). If there are no dielectric shoes, approach with a "goose step";

Drop the wire from the victim with a dielectric rod;

Pull the victim by the clothes at least 8 meters from the place where the wire touches the ground.

First aid:

In the absence of breathing and blood circulation, immediately proceed to cardiopulmonary resuscitation;

Apply sterile dressings to burns and apply cold;

Transport the victim.lying.

Death by drowning occurs due to asphyxia. There are two types of drowning: true (blue) and pale.

At true drowning water fills the airways and lungs. Signs of such drowning are cyanosis of the face, swelling of the vessels of the neck, profuse foamy discharge from the mouth and nose. The victim can be saved if his stay under water does not exceed 4-6 minutes.

First aid:

Turn the victim on his stomach, lower his head below the pelvis and clean the mouth.

Sharply press your fingers on the root of the tongue - cause a gag reflex.

When a gag reflex appears, seek to remove water from the respiratory tract and stomach.

In the absence of a gag reflex and the absence of a pulse on the carotid artery, proceed to cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

If signs of life appear, turn the victim on his stomach and apply ice to his head.

If there is shortness of breath, bubbling breath - seat the victim, apply heat to the feet, apply on 20-30 minutes tourniquets on the thighs.

Carefully monitor the condition of the victim, because. possible repeated cardiac arrest, pulmonary edema, brain. The injured need

7. First aid for drowning

With pale drowning there is a spasm of the vocal cords - water and air do not enter the lungs. In this case, there is a lack of consciousness, a pulse on the carotid artery, pale skin, sometimes "dry" foam from the mouth. Pale drowning is more common when a person enters icy water. You can save the victim after a 10-minute stay under water.

First aid:

If the victim is conscious and his pulse and breathing are preserved, then he is laid on a flat surface, his head is lowered. Then they give hot tea and warmly wrap.

If the victim is unconscious, and the pulse and breathing are preserved, then it is necessary to throw back his head, push the lower jaw forward and clean oral cavity. After that, wrap in warm clothes.

In the absence of breathing and cardiac activity, proceed to cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Fainting is a sudden short-term loss of consciousness, a mild form of acute cerebrovascular insufficiency.

As a rule, loss of consciousness is preceded by: dizziness with ringing in the ears, darkening of the eyes, severe weakness, nausea, lack of air, cold sweat, numbness of the extremities, pallor of the skin, rare breathing, weak pulse, drop in blood pressure.

First aid.

Check for a pulse in the carotid artery.

Unbutton the collar of the garment, loosen the waist belt and raise the legs. Free blood flow to the brain should be ensured.

Spray your face with cool water.

Bring a cotton swab with ammonia to your nose. If not ammonia, then you can press hard on the pain point located between the nasal septum and the upper

7. First aid for fainting, coma

Coma - loss of consciousness for more than 4 minutes.

First aid.

Check for a pulse in the carotid artery.

If there is a pulse, turn the victim on his stomach with a safety net cervical spine.

Cleanse the mouth.

Apply cold to the head. The use of cold reduces the rate of development of cerebral edema.

The most important task of first aid is the organization of fast, safe, gentle delivery of the victim to a medical institution.

The choice of transportation method depends on the condition of the victim, the nature of the damage, and the possibilities available to the rescuer.

In the absence of transport, the delivery of the victim to a medical institution should be carried out on a stretcher, including improvised ones.

8. Transportation of casualties

If there are no improvised materials, then you should carry the victim on yourself. There are several ways to transfer yourself:

On the hands in front and on the shoulder (used in cases where the victim is very weak or unconscious);

If the patient is able to hold on, then it is more convenient to carry him in the “on the back” way;

Over a long distance, the victim is much easier to carry together in a way “one after the other”;

If the patient is conscious and can stand on his own, then it is easier to carry him on the “lock” of 3 or 4 hands;

Greatly facilitates carrying by hand or stretcher

	in some cases, the patient can cover a short distance
	independently with the help of an attendant who throws
	the hand of the victim on his neck and holds it with one hand, and
	the other grabs the patient by the waist or chest. injured
	free hand can lean on a stick.
	when the patient is unable to move independently
	and the absence of assistants, transportation by portage to 59
	improvised drag - on a tarpaulin, cape.

9. Mass destruction. Sorting basics

IN cases mass destruction having to deal with many victims at the same time. Some of them will need emergency help much more than others.

A priority		Assistance procedure	Description of the patient's condition
		Critical wounds requiring	Unconscious (or confused mind),
		immediate assistance	disoriented,	frequent breathing,
			irregular
			uncontrollable	bleeding,
			signs of shock (cold, wet skin,
			low BP)

Urgent conditions, help should

Conscious, oriented in space and

be rendered within one hour

in time, with the presence of a fracture or other

trauma but no signs of shock

Rendering

insignificant

delayed by 3 hours

injuries

Terminal conditions, no treatment

held

incompatible with life.

1 slide

Electric shock hazard analysis Electrical network diagrams ZNT INT ZNT - a network with a grounded neutral point of the transformer; INT - network with an isolated neutral point (NT); (0 - 0) - zero protective conductor; R0 - working grounding NT; Ri - phase insulation resistance relative to earth; C - capacity; Ul - linear voltage (380V); Uph - phase voltage (220V).

2 slide

dangerous situations electric shock 1. Accidental two-phase or single-phase contact with current-carrying parts. 2. Approaching a person at a dangerous distance from the tires high voltage(according to the standards minimum distance- 0.7 m.) 3. Touching non-current-carrying metal parts of the equipment that may be energized due to damage to the insulation or erroneous actions of personnel. 4. Falling under step voltage when a person moves along the zone of current spreading from a wire that has fallen to the ground or a short circuit of current-carrying parts to the ground.

3 slide

Two-phase contact with live parts The most dangerous case is touching two phase wires (a) and a phase and neutral wire (b). Current Ih passing through a person and touch voltage Upr (V) with human resistance Rh (Ohm): Touch voltage is the potential difference between two points of the circuit that a person touches with the skin surface. Current path - "hand-hand"

4 slide

Single-phase contact with the network with ZNT This case is less dangerous than two-phase contact, since the resistance of shoes Rb and floor Rp is included in the defeat circuit. R = Rch + Rb + Rp Chain of defeat: Networks with ZNT are used at enterprises, in cities, in the countryside. Current path - "arm-leg"

5 slide

Single-phase contact with a network with INT This case is less dangerous than for a network with CNT with normal insulation resistance Ri (Ohm), but the danger for a long network may increase due to the presence of capacitive current. With the same R and each phase, the total insulation resistance is equal to: Networks with INT are used with a small length of lines. They require constant monitoring of R. Current path - "arm-leg"

slide 1

slide 2

How an electric current affects a person The fact of the action of an electric current on a person was established in the last quarter of the 18th century. The danger of this action was first established by the inventor of the electrochemical high-voltage voltage source VV Petrov.

slide 3

Electric current, electrical injuries and electrical injuries Electrical injury is understood as an injury caused by the action of an electric current or an electric arc.

slide 4

Electrical injury is characterized by the following features: a protective reaction of the body appears only after a person is under voltage, that is, when an electric current is already flowing through his body; electric current acts not only at the points of contact with the human body and on the way through the body, but also causes a reflex effect, manifested in a violation of the normal activity of the cardiovascular and nervous system, breathing, etc.

slide 5

A person can get an electrical injury both by direct contact with current-carrying parts, and by being struck by a touch or step voltage, through an electric arc.

slide 6

Electrical injury in comparison with other types of industrial injuries is a small percentage, however, in terms of the number of injuries with a severe, and especially fatal, outcome, it occupies one of the first places. Leather plating

Slide 7

Largest number electrical injury (60-70%) occurs when working on electrical installations with voltage up to 1000 V.

Slide 8

Causes of electric shock to a person Causes of electric shock to a person are as follows: touching uninsulated current-carrying parts; to metal parts of the equipment that are energized due to damage to the insulation; to non-metallic objects that are energized; shock voltage step and through the arc.

Slide 9

Types of electric shock to a person The electric current flowing through the human body affects it thermally, electrolytically and biologically.

slide 10

Thermal action is characterized by heating of tissues, up to burns; electrolytic - decomposition of organic liquids, including blood; the biological effect of electric current is manifested in the violation of bioelectric processes and is accompanied by irritation and excitation of living tissues and muscle contraction.

slide 11

Electrical injuries are local lesions of tissues and organs: electrical burns, electrical signs and electroplating of the skin.

slide 12

Electrical burns occur as a result of heating human tissues with an electric current flowing through it with a power of more than 1 A. Burns can be superficial when the skin is affected, and internal - when deep-lying body tissues are damaged. According to the conditions of occurrence, contact, arc and mixed burns are distinguished.

slide 13

Electric signs are spots of gray or pale yellow color in the form of corns on the surface of the skin at the point of contact with current-carrying parts. Electrical signs are usually painless and go away over time.

slide 14

Electroplating of the skin is the impregnation of the surface of the skin with metal particles when it is sprayed or evaporated under the influence of an electric current.

slide 15

Electric shock is the excitation of living tissues by electric current, accompanied by involuntary convulsive muscle contraction.

slide 16

Clinical, or "imaginary", death is a transitional state from life to death. In a state of clinical death, cardiac activity stops and breathing stops. Duration of clinical death 6...8 min. After this time, the cells of the cerebral cortex die, life fades away and irreversible biological death occurs.

slide 17

Electric shock is a severe neuroreflex reaction of the body to electric shock. With shock, deep disorders of respiration, blood circulation, the nervous system and other body systems occur.

slide 18

What determines the degree of action of electric current on the human body. The outcome of the lesion also depends on the duration of the current flow through the person. With an increase in the duration of a person's stay under voltage, this danger increases.

slide 19

The individual characteristics of the human body significantly affect the outcome of damage in electrical injuries. For example, a non-letting current for some people can be a threshold perceptible for others. The nature of the current of the same force depends on the mass of a person and his physical development. It has been established that for women the threshold current values ​​are about 1.5 times lower than for men.

• Elovsky branch of GBOU SPO
• "Osinsky Vocational Pedagogical College"

• Lesson in the discipline "Labor protection" by profession "Auto mechanic"

• Electrical injury is a painful condition of the body caused by the action of an electric current. The severity of electrical injury depends on the parameters of the current and the duration of its impact. The main danger in electrical injury is not a burn, but physiological disorders associated with the passage of current through vital organs.

• Electricity surrounds us everywhere, without it it is difficult to imagine the existence of modern man. But are you really ready to help if someone next to you, as the people say, “shocks”?

• First aid in case of electric shock should be provided immediately, directly at the scene.

• First, you should immediately stop exposing a person to electric current: unplug the plug from the outlet, turn off the circuit breaker, circuit breaker, safety plugs, discard the bare wire, etc. on high.

• Until the tension is relieved, you, too, can be hurt when you touch the victim. Use insulating material: dry rubber gloves to pull the casualty aside, or a wooden stick to shove away exposed wire.
• After that, you should call an ambulance, and assess the condition of the victim yourself. If there are no severe injuries with loss of consciousness, a sedative and analgesic should be given (5-10 drops of valerian or corvalol tincture, 0.1 g of analgin), warm tea.

• In severe injuries with loss of consciousness, it is necessary to constantly monitor the breathing and heartbeat of the victim. In the event of cardiac arrest, mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration and chest compressions should be started without delay. Sometimes cardiac activity can be restored with a sharp blow to the sternum with the palm of your hand.

• After making sure of the restoration of cardiac activity and respiration, it is necessary to apply dry aseptic dressings to the areas of electric burn. In case of possible fractures, apply splints to the fracture sites with improvised means.
• If, after release from the action of the current, there are no signs of life in the victim, artificial respiration and closed heart massage should immediately begin and continue without interruption until the ambulance arrives. At the same time, warm the victim with a blanket, clothing, heating pads.

• In the event that you managed to restore breathing and cardiac activity before the arrival of medical workers, apply a dry sterile bandage to the affected area. For a minor burn, use a regular bandage; for a major burn, use clean sheets or a cloth. Do not apply medicines to the burn site - no liquids, no ointments, no powders!
• All those affected by electric current must be delivered to a medical institution, and always on a stretcher, regardless of how they feel. This must be done because a disorder of cardiac activity and respiration may occur again.

Sources:

• Chumachenko Yu.T., Chumachenko G.V., Efimova A.V. Operation of vehicles and labor protection on vehicles. - Rostov-on-Don: Phoenix, 2002.
• http://www.orshanka.by/?p=13134 – fig. 2 slide
• http://www.culture.mchs.gov.ru/wap/medical/algorithms_of_first_aid_to_victims_of_traumatic_injuries_and_urgent_situations/first_aid_for_electric_shock/ fig. slide 3, 4, 5