What paints are used to paint wooden products. Decorative painting on wood with gouache for beginners. Similarities and differences between different types of paints

From time immemorial, mankind has painted various surfaces with paints - stones, wood, leather and other materials on which dyes lay. At the same time, a wide variety of materials were used as paint - clay of various colors, tree resin, soot. One of the most popular materials for painting is wood - many household items were originally made of wood, furniture, and the houses themselves were also wooden, and the desire for beauty has always been inherent in humanity, so they decorated the surrounding objects with everything that was at hand. Painting on wood with the help of high-quality acrylic paints is gaining particular popularity, as it allows you to plunge into the world of distant ancestors and escape from the stress and frantic rhythm of the modern world.

At the same time, it is not necessary to be a professional master in this or that type of painting - there are a large number of necessary materials and tools in stores that will help you master any technique in a fairly short time. If this is not enough, then various educational institutions will be happy to offer you to attend courses for beginners at a convenient time for you.

We study painting on wood with acrylic paints with a description of the work

Wood painting is most suitable for beginner artists working with acrylic paints - they are bright, easy to lay down and waterproof, while they practically do not smell and are easy to work with.

There are different types of painting that originated at different times and in different places in our country, but they all originate in ancient times, when people lived in harmony with nature and the world around them.

One of these types of painting is Khokhloma painting, in which the main elements are grass, flowers, berries, that is, the pictures reflect the entire plant world that surrounds a person. This type of painting got its name from the name of the village of Khokhloma, near which it originated.

Another popular folk painting technique originated in a small town on the Volga called Gorodets and was called Gorodets painting. A distinctive feature of this type of painting is that animals are always depicted in profile, and people in full face. The main theme of this type of painting is the everyday life of ordinary people - walks along the city streets, fair festivities, weddings, and at the same time, the paintings are always saturated with bright colors that frame them in the form of garlands, wreaths or simply bouquets scattered throughout the picture.

In addition to these two types of wood painting, there is another decorative technique that is no less popular - Mezen painting. Its distinguishing features are the use of only two colors in the drawings - red and black, as well as a rather symbolic image of various elements (the main motifs are solar disks, rhombuses and crosses, which have certain meanings)

Let's take a closer look at wood painting using the example of a master class on decorating a wooden board. We will use acrylic paints, as the most convenient for work at the stage of acquaintance with this type of folk art. The board, in this case, is also the most convenient object from which you can begin to master the painting technique.

Master class on painting a wooden board with your own hands

Acrylic paints are very easy to work with, they fit well on a wooden surface and after drying they form a waterproof film, so the painted product can not be varnished.

Required materials and tools:

Wooden cutting board;
acrylic paint;
brushes;
Carbon paper (in order to transfer the drawing to the board).

Stages of painting a wooden board.

First you need to prepare the surface that you are going to paint. To do this, cover the board with an even layer of white paint - this is necessary in order to level the surface and saturate the pores of the wood, so further layers of paint will lay down more evenly.

While the board is drying, you can draw a sketch of the future drawing on paper. Of course, if your artistic skills allow you to draw directly on the board, then you can do without preliminary drawings.

We start coloring. To get a bright board, we will use paints of different colors and shades.

With a thin brush and black paint we make out the middle of the flowers, and with the help of white paint we paint berries, flower petals and leaves with thin lines.

A bright and colorful cutting board is ready. After drying, it can be varnished to better fix the paints, but if the product will perform only a decorative function, you can do without varnishing.

Wood painting is a great way to create unique products with acrylic paints with your own hands, which can be used in everyday life, made an interior decoration or presented to a loved one. The technology of this type of creativity is so simple that even a child can master it with a little help from adults.

Video on the topic of the article

In conclusion, we suggest you watch a few videos about painting various products with acrylic paints to give uniqueness and originality to things, as well as to the interior of your home.

Since ancient times, our ancestors have painted various patterns on wooden surfaces. After all, wood painting looks great both on a rustic casing and on wooden kitchen utensils, it is also appropriate in the interior of residential premises.

Perhaps someone would like to try to decorate their home with painted household items, but does not know where to start, what is needed for this. To do this, you need, in addition to brushes and paints, very little - most of the necessary things can be found at home.

Getting everything ready for work

Before you start creating an artistic masterpiece, you need to prepare in advance everything that can be useful in the process of work:

blanks (any object made of wood that is planned to be beautiful and unique);
soft pencil;
eraser;
sandpaper of various grain sizes;
paper sheets (for those who work according to sketches);
a set of brushes of various thicknesses;
palette;
templates (for those who cannot draw);
paint;
primer;
transparent varnish (it is advisable to varnish the finished pattern so that it is less damaged);
container for liquids (for water or solvent, depending on the coloring matter).

The primer on wood is selected in accordance with the type of paint, but the choice of paint must be taken seriously.

Features of coloring materials

Most often, home craftsmen, when painting on wood, use the following types of paints:

gouache;
watercolor;
acrylic;
aniline;
oil.

Gouache

In another way, these dyes are also called poster. They are a thick opaque mass. It is easy to work with them, but it is impossible to create complex drawings with many shades. For drawing, gouache must meet the following requirements:

easy to apply to the surface;
after drying, do not wash off, do not crack.

To keep the pattern drawn with gouache more firmly, not water is used to dilute the paint, but an aqueous solution of PVA glue in a ratio of 1: 1. This eliminates the need for pre-priming.

Gouache drawings always turn out bright, colorful, and the dye is cheap. Gouache is suitable for those who begin to master wood painting and create their first masterpieces.

watercolor

Everyone is familiar with the simple watercolors used by schoolchildren. Compared to gouache, they are more transparent, allowing you to create a complex pattern with many shades. In order to get a beautiful drawing, watercolor should:

lie down on the surface of the workpiece evenly, without spots and streaks;
stick firmly after drying.

The main advantage of watercolors is that if there are mistakes in drawing, the product can be washed, dried, primed and painted again.

Acrylic

Acrylic-based paints are among the best, and painting on wood with them is not only beautiful: acrylic dyes additionally protect and strengthen the material. Manufacturers of art paints offer a wide range of colors for painting, but it is not profitable for beginners to use them.

Why? The fact is that acrylic compositions are quite expensive, so it will be expensive for novice artists who have not yet fully mastered the drawing technique to use them. But those who have already achieved some experience can create their own masterpieces with them to decorate the interior.

Oily

The coloring matter is diluted to a working consistency with the recommended solvent (White spirit, drying oil), after which you can paint. But oil paints have the following features:

they give only bright shades (they can paint an object under Khokhloma or make a stylish gold pattern on a black background);
durable, after drying they can not be removed.

Those who have at least a little experience in drawing will like to work with oil paints, because they can decorate the interior of living rooms inexpensively and for a long time.

Aniline

Aniline-based dyes are increasingly found in the interior of houses, they paint wooden walls or small decorative objects, and in rural areas, craftsmen decorate their homes with them. Aniline dyes have a number of positive qualities:

They are easy to draw.
With them you can get a lot of beautiful shades.
They are inexpensive.

Getting ready to paint

Before applying beautiful patterns, the base must be prepared. To do this, you must perform the following steps:

clean with a “skin”, gradually changing from larger to smaller, the base to smoothness;
coat the surface with a primer for wood, corresponding to the paint used;
wait for the primer to dry and apply a color base, painting the product with the desired color.

After the color base has dried, it is possible to apply a pattern using any technology.

How to draw

Depending on the skill level, wood painting can be done using the following technologies:

point;
using a stencil;
sketch drawing.

Stencil method

Drawing using a template is the simplest: for this, you only need to put a stencil on the surface, circle it with a soft pencil, and you can paint. You can make a stencil yourself by copying any picture you like or asking a familiar artist to make a template.

Point Method

The point technique also helps to create beautiful things for those who do not have artistic skills. The point method consists in drawing a set of reference points in a sketch drawing and copying them as accurately as possible from the selected sketch onto the surface to be painted.

The dot method of drawing requires some skills. But maybe it’s worth remembering how in childhood they connected numbers with lines, and some kind of silhouette was obtained? The point method of drawing is based precisely on this, and the more points are transferred, the more accurate will be the correspondence to the selected picture, which then remains only to color.

The point method of transferring a picture to the base allows you to create artistic masterpieces for those who have almost no drawing skills. Simply copy one or more drawings with a soft pencil and color. You can do as it was in the original, but it is better to show imagination and choose your own colors.

Sketches

This technique involves free creativity, when a sketch is drawn, and then transferred to the base and painted. Sketches can be both elements of a picture (for artists), and any geometric elements (for those who do not know how to draw professionally). Using sketches, you can come up with your own unique pattern for drawing, and it does not matter what is used: geometric shapes, floral elements or free professional creativity.

Painting wooden objects is easy. Having mastered one of the proposed techniques and choosing the right paint, you can create real masterpieces, making your house or apartment interior truly unique.

4. Fixing with acrylic varnish.

Painting materials

The main materials that will be required for acrylic painting on wood are:

Sandpaper to clean the surface of the wood and to give a slight roughness. This is done so that the pattern is applied more accurately and is durable in the future. You will need two types of sandpaper: hard and soft. The tree is cleaned along the fibers.

Brushes for painting on wood

The best brushes for painting on wood are soft brushes of natural origin. Squirrel, core, less often sable are especially valued. However, synthetic brushes are also great for acrylic paints.

Before the process, it is important to determine the appropriate sizes for brushes, which are indicated by numbers. For beginners, it is advised to take one large, two medium and one thin small brush.

It is important to remember that all ancient trade paintings originated in the peasant class, in the hands of people who were much more familiar with the plow and hammer than the brush. And if they can do it, you can too! In traditional paintings, there is no need to draw faces, figures, or observe portrait likeness. The most important thing is to hone the technique of drawing different elements, learn how to freely turn the brush in your hands and mix colors. You need to apply a little patience, drawing the same elements over and over again, and in the end you will learn how to draw them perfectly! A fairly small number of simple basic elements and their combinations - that's all!

And it is important to understand that if recognized masters of various types of painting could apply it without a preliminary drawing, then we, mere mortals, can not apply the drawing immediately with paints, but use a pencil, stencil, carbon paper or tracing paper to start, but not get too carried away. After all, if you constantly resort to ready-made drawings, the ability to fantasize on your own is dulled. Remember, the main thing is to always enjoy the process of painting.

Its history goes back to the 2nd century BC. e., when people learned to make iron, and from it various knives, scrapers, saws and other cutting tools.

However, it was not enough just to carve some product out of wood, a person wanted the result of his work to look beautiful. This is how ancient wood paintings appeared, primitive and far from artistic, but the birth of art took place. In those distant times, paints already existed, it remained to apply them properly.

Art painting on wood

The folk crafts that exist today for the manufacture of household items are based on a variety of techniques. Wooden products are presented in several categories: first of all, these are dishes and kitchen utensils. The second list includes objects that embody the fine arts. These are painted panels, interior decorations, various household items. And finally, the third category - vintage style wooden furniture, painted in a special way antique. Art painting on wood as such is used in all three cases. The value of products is undeniable, because professionals work on them.

Varieties

There are several types of wood paintings and differ in belonging to a particular region, as well as in style. The drawing can be plot or ornamental.

Types of painting on wood:

Mezenskaya;
Polkhovskaya;
Khokhloma;
Gorodetskaya;
Palekh;
Severodvinskaya;
Petrikovskaya.

The main types of painting on wood are listed. Each variety contains "branded" features that give the product an additional appeal.

Mezen painting

Mezen painting (or, as it is also called, palashchelskaya) is the painting of household items: ladles, boxes, spinning wheels, benches and kitchen tables. These artistic traditions appeared in the lower reaches of the Mezen River around 1815.

Mezen painting consists mainly of ornamented images of forest dwellers: deer and elks, wolverines, foxes and cubs. All images are impersonal and bear the stamp of static. The friezes, composed of repetitive figures painted in bright colors, give the impression of festivity and defiant luxury, since the colorful stripes of ornaments do not fit in with the wretched furnishings of the Russian dwelling. A primitive spinning wheel, painted in the Mezen style and sparkling with colors in a dark corner, only emphasized the desolation of the upper room.

Palekh

Palekh painting is a folk art craft that appeared in pre-Petrine times. At that time, the village of Palekh in the Ivanovo province was famous for its icon painters. This art reached its peak at the end of the 18th century. Paleshians, in addition to painting icons, were engaged in the restoration of cathedrals and churches, took part in the design of the aisles of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra and the Novodevichy Convent.

Until the beginning of the 20th century, the craft of Palekh painting flourished, the revolutionary storms of 1905 and 1917 almost destroyed the delicate folk art. Since after the 17th year all churches were abolished by ignorant representatives of the communist authorities, there was nothing to paint, and Poleshan artists created an artel that produces artistic wood products.

Soon, the first work in the Palekh style was created in the Moscow workshop. On a wooden box covered with black lacquer, Ivan Tsarevich, who has left the royal chambers to freedom, meets the Firebird. The whole picture was painted in gold and cinnabar - it was impossible to take your eyes off the drawing.

Currently, Palekh wood painting is a deeply traditional art, with the only difference being that natural wood has been replaced with papier-mâché. Now products with Palekh painting are not only beautiful, but also light.

Khokhloma

An ancient folk craft that was developed in the villages of the Nizhny Novgorod province in the 17th century. The village of Khokhloma became the center, in which the Old Believers, persecuted for their faith, gathered. Among the settlers there were many icon painters who brought with them the fine art of painting, calligraphic writing and many examples of floral ornaments.

Local residents living in Khokhloma and nearby villages knew how to turn wood, but they did not know how to draw. So it turned out that the wooden utensils, carved on the spot, were painted by alien artists. This is how the art of Khokhloma painting appeared, which turned into one of the most famous art crafts in Russia.

Wood carvers not only carved dishes and plates, they soon learned how to carve spoons and ladles, the classic "brothers". Usually the bucket was made in the shape of a swan, and a dozen scoops were hung on the sides. The material was linden wood, which by its nature has no fibers and is easily cut in all directions.

Khokhloma painting consists of four primary colors: black, gold, red and green. Black and gold are used as the background, while red and green, together with their hues, make up the drawing itself. The theme for a drawing in the Khokhloma style is most often rowan berries, strawberries, various flowers and herbal plants. Sometimes the artist uses images of birds, fish and small animals.

Carving and drawing

Russian folk crafts (such as Gorodets or Khokhloma) are wood products covered with a pattern. First, master cabinetmakers make blanks from selected wood, the so-called "linen", and then the artists cover them with a pattern. Carving and painting on wood are inseparable in this case - they complement each other. The most common type of painted blank is the Russian matryoshka. For its manufacture, the turning method of carving is used, when the product is turned, polished and then signed. This souvenir is known all over the world and has been in high demand for many years.

Is it possible to learn painting on wood?

Folk art crafts belong to the fine arts and require some training, but anyone who has patience and perseverance can master the basic principles of coloring products. There are special techniques that are called "Wood painting for beginners", which include familiarization with the process and practical work. Initially, classes are of a generalized nature, and after acquiring skills, you can switch to a specific artistic style, for example, Gorodets. In any case, painting on wood is a fascinating creative process for beginners.

Coloring methods

Natural wood is a material that requires careful pre-treatment. The surface for painting should be smooth, without peeling and cracks. The workpiece is first polished with an emery cloth, and then covered with a special primer that fills all the microscopic cracks and evens out small irregularities. Larger defects can be eliminated with putty. After pre-treatment, the workpiece must be dried well.

Wooden folk crafts are distinguished by bright, intense colors. The drawings usually contrast with the background, which is black or bright red. For coloring products, tempera or artistic gouache paints are used, which have good hiding power. Acrylic painting on wood gives the most stable results, especially if the drawing is covered with a transparent nitro-lacquer on top. Products after such processing become resistant to abrasion and do not change their color.

Wood painting (photos of finished products are presented on the page) is a kind of fine art that is rooted in the distant past, but lives and flourishes in the present.

*Carving* wood in an hour. Master Class.

An old oak shoe cabinet in the hallway (the photo before the alteration has not been preserved), did not fit into the interior after

Repair. I had to decorate it with "carving" on wood. The carving took about an hour. The method I would call

By the volumetric stencil method using decorative plaster.
And here is the result:

For this I needed:
- a plastic napkin (sold in household goods stores); The thickness of the napkin is 1.5 mm.

- a medium-sized rubber spatula;
- structural paint of domestic production (decorative plaster);
- Double-sided tape.
- acrylic paint.

1. We put the pattern on the back of the napkin and carefully cut it out along the contour with a breadboard knife or small scissors.
It should be noted, and this is important, that the pattern for a screen pattern has its own specifics, i.e. it must have jumpers

So that when cutting out the picture does not break up into separate fragments. My stencil looked like this:

2. Degrease the wooden surface and lightly sand it.

3. We attach the stencil to a wooden surface using double-sided tape, and with gentle movements, rubber

We apply plaster with a spatula.

4. Without waiting for the plaster to set, remove the stencil. In this case, small tails can form from the mixture,

Which then (after drying) are easily removed by sanding.

5. After drying, sand the surface to a certain smoothness, while not trying too hard. Some unevenness of the bas-relief is even desirable, because it better imitates hand carving.

Then wipe the entire surface with a clean cloth.

Since the plaster is white, we paint it in the color of wood, it can be a little lighter for a greater decorative effect.

The plaster was called "Structural paint" of domestic production, the name of the paint, I called the store where I bought it: "Textured paint" production, Reutov Moscow. region . Bought from a building supply store. I also used a dry mix for decorative Venetian plaster.

I did not add glue, but the surface was - natural oak, covered with factory varnish. I sanded it down a bit and degreased it.

Then, with a darker paint, I applied small dashes characteristic of oak.

I forgot to add that grooves, etc., can be applied on still wet plaster, imitating veins on the leaves, as can be seen in the last photo.

At the end, it can be varnished or waxed, followed by polishing with a woolen cloth.

I didn’t have to do it on chipboard, I think there will be no problems. Need to try. New technologies give rise to new artistic solutions. Good luck!

There are many materials on which plaster can be applied. For example: a fireplace plastered with a Venetian, and then decorated with plaster according to a three-dimensional stencil