Projects of stairs with a turn of 90 degrees. Stair size calculator. Preparation of the necessary materials and tools

Specify the required dimensions in millimeters

X- the length of the opening that the stairs will occupy
Y- height from the floor level of the first floor to the floor level of the second floor
E- ladder width
F- ledge steps
Z- step thickness

C- the number of all steps
P- number of steps + platform

The calculation of turning stairs is somewhat more complicated than the calculation of straight stairs.
The calculation of the convenience of the stairs is calculated by a formula based on the length of the step.
Human stride length ranges from 60 to 66 cm, with an average of 63 cm.
A comfortable staircase corresponds to the formula: 2 step heights + step depth = 63 ± 3 cm.

The most comfortable slope of the stairs is from 30° to 40°.
The depth of the steps of the stairs should correspond to shoe size 45 - at least 28-30 cm.
The lack of depth can be compensated by the protrusion of the step.
The height of the step should be up to 20-25 cm.

You can also achieve the convenience of a turntable by changing the height of the platform.

The program will draw drawings of the turning stairs with basic angles and dimensions.
The drawings show the overall dimensions of the stairs, marking the top of the steps on the bowstrings, the corners of the steps and the main dimensions of the steps themselves.

Calculation of stairs using an online calculator

Need a staircase to the second or third floor, to a house or apartment, and I would like to estimate various options designs? It is easy to calculate a comfortable staircase using our online calculator. The calculator will help you to pre-determine the type of stairs and get the initial data for the future project. It is quite easy to work with him. It is necessary to fill in the fields presented and the program will prepare a drawing, as well as evaluate the degree of convenience of the stairs with the given parameters.

To calculate the stairs you will need the following data:

Will it open staircase(metal carriers or bowstrings remain visible), closed version (for example, full wood paneling steps and kosour), monokosour (stairs on one central carrier, to which the steps are attached). If space for stairs is limited, then a spiral staircase may be the solution.
Will it be a staircase with a turn of 90 (L shaped) or 180 degrees (P shaped), or a straight march
What is the lifting height
What is the length of the opening in the upper floor

You can see the stairs with different turning elements (platform or winders). The program will create a 3d model of the stairs, and also generate helpful tips to improve the comfort of the stairs. By increasing and decreasing the number of steps in each flight, you can find the optimal ratio of data.

In the prepared project, you will see all the details: the length of the string, the number of steps in each flight, the angle of inclination and turn of the stairs, the location and number of turning elements, the length of the tread and the height of the steps. The data obtained will allow you to accurately formulate your requirements when ordering a ladder and receive information from our manager about the cost of manufacturing a construct.

A high-quality and solid staircase is not just a necessary functional element of engineering planning in two-level or more dwellings, but also a magnificent decoration of the interior of the whole house.

In order to acquire such a design, you can either purchase it in a ready-made form, or make it yourself. If you prefer the second way, then it is better to make a system for the second floor of wood with a 90 degree turn. It is this type of staircase that is considered the most comfortable for movement and takes up relatively little space in the house. How to make such a wooden system yourself will be discussed in this article.

Staircase with 90 degree turn - why this particular system

Choosing the most best option ladder system, it is best to stop at the mid-flight stairs with a 90-degree turn. Its main advantages are:

saving room space - in contrast to the direct system, the rotary system requires less square meters room area;
ease of installation - of course, compared to a straight design, a 90 degree swivel has a more complex calculation and installation process, but at the same time it is easier to manufacture, unlike screw and 180 º swivel systems;
comfort of movement - if all standard safety requirements were taken into account during the installation of the stairs, then this system is considered quite convenient and comfortable to use.

For the production of the structure, a lot of good and quality materials, but still the best of them for private country house is natural wood. It is she who creates a unique coziness and a feeling of comfort throughout the home.

Accurate calculation is the first step to success

The main point at the very beginning of the manufacture of a wooden staircase with a 90-degree turn to the second floor is the exact calculation of the structure. And, if you follow a clear product design plan, you can make a high-quality and comfortable staircase in the house and with your own hands.

It is the exact calculation that simplifies the installation of the system, and also guarantees its comfort and long service life.

Key construction details

The main details to be calculated are:

load-bearing beams - stringers or bowstring;
steps - in rotary systems, these are straight steps and rotary (winder), with the help of which the rotation of the structure is formed;
fencing - includes balusters and handrails.

Calculation tools

The calculation of turning stairs is carried out using:

geometric formulas;
graphic methods;
online calculator.

When calculating a wooden staircase with a 90-degree turn, the following recommended parameters should be used:

height of steps - no more than 20 cm;
tread width - about 40 cm;
assembly tilt angle - from 25 to 35 degrees;
turning steps - the width on the narrowest side is not less than 100 mm, the overhang of the turning step over the previous one is not more than 50 mm;
the height of the fence is at least 90 cm.

When calculating the design, follow the proportions and parameters that are comfortable for the movement of an adult

How much material is needed

To build a staircase to the second floor with our own hands made of wood with a 90-degree turn, we need:

load-bearing timber 100 x 100 mm;
edged board 40-50 mm wide;
finished handrails and balusters;
wood glue for sealing all joint gaps.

In order for the construction to come out of high quality and reliable, choose dried and well-treated wood.

For the manufacture of a stair swivel structure, use only natural and high-quality processed wood

Prepare the tool

To mount the rotary system, you will need the following inventory:

wood saw;
hammer;
electric drill;
drill;
file;
electric screwdriver;
jigsaw;
level.

Assembly of the structure

Do-it-yourself erection of a rotary structure should take place strictly according to this plan:

Manufacturing and installation of stringers.
Step manufacturing.
Manufacture of bowstrings for the lower flight of stairs.
Step installation.
Fencing installation.
Sanding and varnishing stairs.

Production and installation of stringers

Kosour is usually made from wooden beam, the length of which corresponds to one flight of stairs, and the thickness is about 5 cm.

Before you start sawing the stringer deck, you need to make a template. As a template, you can use a triangular piece of plywood sheet. According to this sample, markup is applied to the deck and a sawtooth part is cut out.

Before you start sawing the kosour, make precise markings on it

Then the stringers are fixed at the location of the stairs. Experts advise starting the installation by attaching the kosura from the top so that you can fix minor flaws at the bottom. At the bottom of the floor, the part is fixed with anchor bolts or concreted into the floor.

Step manufacturing

The steps and risers for the structure are also cut according to the pattern. All steps, except for the turning ones, must be the same. Running products are cut according to a prepared sample made according to a drawing.

All parts are coated with a protective agent and varnished.

Make steps the right sizes cut board

Manufacture and fastening of the bowstring

The upper part of the outer string support hides the end of the turning step, and its bottom is attached to the floor.

Installation of steps

The steps are installed by fixing them with screws and carpentry glue. When installing the rotary treads, it is necessary to monitor the reliability of the connection. The fastening of the risers starts from the bottom of the structure and then goes up.

Fence Installation

Fastening balusters to the steps is done using wooden rods. Before inserting it, special glue is dripped into the hole.

In the places where the flights of stairs turn, at the beginning and at the end of the flight, you need to install massive balusters (pedestals), which will also act as a fixer for the handrails. Next, handrails are attached to the installed balusters.

Finishing work

On this final stage a ready-made wooden structure to the second floor with a 90-degree turn is sanded and varnished.

Be sure to treat the finished structure with a varnish coating, which will provide not only a beautiful appearance to the stairs, but also a long service life

Video: do-it-yourself ladder installation

The manufacture and installation of a staircase with a 90-degree turn is a rather painstaking and time-consuming task. It requires the master not only to have carpentry skills and knowledge, but also to invest significant physical costs and a lot of free time.

A beautiful and stylish staircase system of the "Solo" model with a 90-degree turn will make your interior individual and unique, the price of the structure is 74,452 rubles.

A modern turning staircase "Moder" with wooden steps costs 120,030 rubles.

But if you do not have much experience with wood and carpentry tools, you can visit our Stairs Master online store at any time and choose any staircase you like from a huge catalog of beautiful and high-quality products. As for our prices, they will pleasantly surprise you with their democratic nature and affordability.

Graceful classical system"Elegant" with a 90-degree turn will cost you 50,390 rubles.

Ready-made rotary system "Prestige" with steps made of natural wood has a price of 44,290 rubles.

Stairs are indispensable structures in any house where it is planned to make at least two floors, or an attic that you are going to actively use. They are absolutely different forms and sizes - if you have read the materials on our website, you should already be well versed in this.

The dimensions of the stairs and its shape are not chosen by chance for specific premises - it all depends on the space allotted for it. If it is not enough, then the stairs are made turning. It is about this design that we will talk today. So, the staircase is 90 degrees rotary, calculation, phased construction, etc. helpful information on this topic.

Let's start a little from afar, in order to understand what stairs can be, how they usually look, and what you need to know before choosing a particular design.

Types of stairs

All stairs can be divided into three types.

The third view will be conditional, and you will understand why:

The most common type are march structures. They consist of straight sections of rise different lengths which are called marches.
The number of marches depends on how many times the staircase turns.
Turns are needed in order to reduce the angle of inclination of the descent, while maintaining a certain space under the structure. Such a system allows you to organize lifting to any height.
Turn marching stairs can be different - this is 90 (the topic of today's publication), and 180 (we constantly see them in entrances and institutions), and 270 degrees (these designs are less common, mainly in bay windows and various square niches - you could see an example on penultimate photo above).
The main feature of the march structure is that it is possible to move comfortably along it, carry loads, despite the fact that the ascent is as safe as possible - the steps are even and straight and do not change their parameters throughout the entire length of the march, which allows you to perform ascent and descent mechanically.
Assembling the mid-flight stairs is faster and easier than other options. You will be able to correctly calculate and install it with your own hands, which we will help you with today.
Execution options for materials, design and appearance just a huge amount.

The second type of stairs is called, which fully reflects its essence. These designs are very beautiful and are often used by designers as an accent element of the interior.
They take up very little space compared to marching ones, but their use is associated with a number of inconveniences.
First, the curvy instep can confuse the person, which can lead to a fall. This is especially true for the elderly and young children.
Secondly, the rise turns out to be quite steep, which also certain categories of people may not be able to master.
Thirdly, it is impossible to lift oversized loads on them, it will simply not be possible to turn around with them, therefore homeowners with such ladders periodically resort to the services of lifting equipment.

We said that the latter type is a kind of hybrid. To understand the principle, carefully review the four photos above.
From them it can be understood that these structures have a non-standard shape, bends of very large radii, bringing them closer to mid-flight structures, bends can change their direction, and most unusually, the lifting parameters can change, as in the last photo.
Those who choose the latter option (where the length of the steps changes), we, to be honest, do not quite understand. This does not add much beauty, but it will bring a lot of trouble. It is human nature to do most of the movements unconsciously, otherwise our brain would simply explode from overload. How can you comfortably move up such a ladder is completely incomprehensible! You will either tire of it or end up tripping, risking nasty injury.

But we may have digressed a bit. These stairs people install in their homes. The most rational solutions are marching structures with turns. Let's figure out how to put them at home yourself.

Assembly or manufacture of stairs with a 90 degree turn

So, where to start if you have already decided on the shape of the structure? The answer is extremely simple - with calculations of design parameters. How to do this is described in detail below.

Design

You can see an example of the simplest drawing above. Don't be afraid, there is nothing complicated in its compilation.

Now we will explain everything in detail:

So, the first thing we need is to take a sheet of paper (preferably lined), a pencil and a tape measure.
We measure the parameters of the opening in which the installation of stairs is planned. We are interested in height, width (space for one march) and length (for the second).
Next, we transfer everything to paper, observing a clear scale - it is convenient to count by cells.
Determine the angle of inclination of the march. This is perhaps the most hard part work. The fact is that you need to make sure that both marches have the same slope. If this condition is not met, then the stairs will be inconvenient to use. We proceed as follows.
We break the height so that in the closest place between the march and the ceiling of the second floor, at least 2 meters remain above your head.

If the opening is completely open, this item can be skipped by simply breaking the span in half, or in the way that seems most convenient to you in your room.
We measure the height from the intended point to the overlap of the second floor.
We decide whether we will have a turntable in the design, or we want to make winder steps. You can see the difference in the diagram below.

As you can see, the platform takes up a little more space, as a result of which the angle of inclination is a little steeper.
We choose the first option with a platform. Its dimensions (width and length) will completely match the width of the flights of stairs, which are usually made the same.

The figure shows the calculation of the site for a turn, but not the essence, since the principle is no different.
The ideal dimensions of marches are established by regulatory documents. So, for comfortable movement of one person, it is required to leave 80 centimeters, and for two - 120.

Advice! In private houses, especially those that are built without projects, you can’t really clear up, so the value can be anything. Look at the place, but do not forget to focus on the standards.

Suppose we can fit a ladder 100 centimeters thick. This means that our site will be 100 * 100. Set aside this value on the drawing and on the floor in reality, and then measure the distance to the border of the opening, where the upper march will fit. Again, we take arbitrary values, for example: the height from the platform to the ceiling is 1.8 meters, the distance from the edge of the platform to the border of the opening is 2.2 meters.
With this data, we can calculate the parameters of the steps and the inclination of the march.

We perform the following actions: 1.8 / 2.2 * 100/2 and we get something about 40 degrees. This formula is not entirely accurate, but without problems it allows you to get fairly accurate results. For comparison, if we count, as expected, with sines, tangents and cosines, we would get 39.3 degrees - not a great error.

Advice! If you need accurate results, then use the online right triangle calculator.

Now we look at the above diagram with the norms for the angles of inclination, and we see that our calculations completely fall into convenient designs, which are options from 25 to 45 degrees. If you wish, you can change individual parameters, but only after the calculation of the second flight.
Now let's calculate what steps we should have.

To do this, we need to operate with the following data: it should be from 15 to 22 centimeters, its depth is 25-33 centimeters, the ratio of depth (b) to height (a) is determined by the formula - 2a + b \u003d 60 (64). The last numbers correspond to the average stride length of an adult.
We begin to select parameters. Let's start with the smallest height of 15 cm. We divide by this value our span height from the site: 180/15 = 12 steps, taking into account that the top one will be the level of the upper floor. Here it must be said that you need to immediately determine how the ladder will approach the ceiling and be attached to it.

If the upper full-fledged step becomes a continuation of the site, then we leave the resulting value. If, in fact, the edge of the upper step is the opening angle, then we reduce it by 1. We will leave the first option.
Now we divide 220 by 12 and get 18.3 centimeters - this does not fit into any gates. We repeat the whole operation from the beginning until we find the optimal ratio. We got the following: a height of 22 centimeters, with a depth of 27, however, we did not hit the standard for the width of the step, but we do not forget that we took all the values out of our heads, and that sometimes there is simply no choice left.

We measure the height from the top of the site to the floor of the first floor. Let's assume that this value was 1.2 meters.
We divide it by the height of the steps: 120/22 = 5.45. Again, we take into account the peculiarities of the approach of the march to the site.
An odd value should be rounded up - we get the first step of a non-standard height, which is acceptable.
Now we multiply 6 steps by their length: 6 * 27 and we get about 1.6 meters, by the length of the march at the same angle of inclination.
We look after the fact, whether such alignment suits us. If everything fits, then great, if not, then you still have to tinker with the calculations, changing the position of the intermediate platform, or even completely abandoning it in favor of winder steps, but that's a completely different story.

Working with the online calculator

If everything that we have just described is too difficult for you, or you are afraid to make some mistakes due to inexperience, then we advise you to seek help from specialists in the design bureau, who will do everything quickly, accurately, in accordance with the rules and regulations, or use online calculator services. Let's go to one of them right now and turn.

Among different options, which we stumbled upon on the Internet, we chose Kalk. Pro. Here is a working link to this resource: https://kalk.pro/stairs-wooden/
We liked it because here you can choose different ones, the fact that the program creates a three-dimensional 3D drawing, there are all the most important data and its interface is intuitive.
Let's see what features this calculator offers. Click on the icon of a 90 degree turntable with an intermediate platform indicated by the right arrow.

The following window will open in front of you. On the left is a column in which we will indicate all the parameters necessary for the calculation. On the right, the program immediately draws a drawing, displaying everything clearly.
Let's try to perform the calculation, according to the values \u200b\u200bthat we have already invented.

The first step is to specify the parameters of the opening where the ladder will be installed. In the line, we set the height to 3 meters (1.8 + 1.2). In the line length, we set the width of the opening, taking into account the size of the site, that is, 320 centimeters.

Then there are graphs in which it is necessary to indicate the number of steps in the upper and lower marches, as well as their thickness and the protrusion of the kapinos.
To understand right away whether the values are right for you, go through them sequentially and click calculate, then look at the drawing, which will display all the necessary information.
Basically, that's all you need to do. The remaining points are not so interesting, since they have little effect on anything. Only the part where you can calculate the parameters of the handrail may be of interest. We will not describe anything else, but rather go to the site yourself and try to make a trial calculation. You will see that everything is extremely simple and intuitive.

Ladder installation

So, having accurate drawings on hand, you can make a staircase with your own hands so that its price is minimal, or you can buy a ready-made version that suits you, or order it in a workshop. In the latter case, it is better to entrust the calculations to the people to whom you give the order.

How to do it yourself wooden stairs from wood, we have already written more than once, so let's just go over the installation already finished construction to make the materials on our site more diverse.

Alternatively, you can purchase a modular design, with the installation of which you will have to carry the least. Perfect solution for non-standard openings. The main thing is to make sure that you have enough space for its entire length.

Let us immediately clarify that the installation instructions are far from the only one, and many assemblers operate in a different sequence. For example, here the master begins by ennobling the stairway in the ceiling, and doing so is far from always possible, since the bundle of stringers (bearing march beams) with the floor can be completely ugly in aesthetic terms and it still has to be something then close.

So, we see that the master planted an even and beautiful board, which he then screwed onto the screws. Naturally, during installation, he monitors the level in two planes, otherwise it will not work to tie up the stringers technologically.

At this object, the floors are beamed, wooden. These elements also close from below.

Advice! Please note that all construction details are pre-painted. This approach is professional, as it allows you to avoid further structural creaks that occur due to the diffusion of paints and varnishes. You can see more about this phenomenon in the video in this article.

Working with already completely finished parts imposes a considerable responsibility on the assembler, since it will no longer be possible to grind off all the scratches and other damage unnoticed.

Now let's start assembling the whole structure. We start from the bottom - we take a pole and connect it to the stringer with glue and two self-tapping screws. It is recommended to rub the places of contact of parts where there is no glue with paraffin to protect the structure from squeaks.

In this example, the staircase will be with winder steps.
The lower edge of the stringer is connected to another stringer at an angle of 90 degrees. This part is made in the form of a solid shield, which will give the structure more strength.

We connect the resulting structure with a turntable due to the lower winder step. Again, everything is inserted into the grooves, tied with glue and self-tapping screws.

Next, we put the following running degrees along with the risers. If all the details are calculated and fitted correctly, their combination will not be any problem.
As you can see, the design is very simple and can be easily installed by one person.

Advice! Before the final assembly, such stairs are first assembled “dry” with the broach of all elements in order to be completely sure of the final result.

The assembly of this part of the “constructor” is completed by the installation of a winder stage, which, as we remember, can be of non-standard sizes.
Under it, the master used a wooden block as an internal stringer, which he screwed to the turntable.

It is not yet necessary to fasten the running part of the stairs to the floor. First you need to clearly set its position and hoist the upper stringers.
We simply wedged them and check the accuracy of the installation. Here you need to follow the horizontal level of the steps and the parallelism of the two elements.
If everything is in order, the elements are connected to each other thoroughly.

Next, the phased assembly of all steps begins. It is carried out in the same way - first, adjacent risers are placed and attached to the stringers, then a tread is installed between them, which is pulled together with the risers from the inside of the structure and attracted to the stringers with self-tapping screws from the front side.
Alternatively, you can use various corners (wooden, metal) on the inside or wooden chopsticks if you want the fasteners not to remain visible.
Once the whole structure is assembled, you can thoroughly fix everything by tying the running part to the floor with metal corners.

The final step in assembling any staircase is the installation of a railing system.
The supporting pillars are placed first - starting, finishing and turning. Then balusters.
All elements are connected to the steps with studs or wooden chopsticks.
Each detail is exposed in level and one line.

Advice! So that the elements do not “play” while the glue dries, they need to be fixed somehow. The master from the photo used clamps for this and an ordinary wooden lath as a screed.

The rake should be even and it should immediately be set along the line of the future handrail, then this element will help us accurately set the intermediate balusters.

When everything is correctly set, you can attach a railing or balustrade, to which the handrail will subsequently be attached.
The element rotates directly to the balusters on self-tapping screws. The handrail is simply glued or screwed onto the screws from below.
The further procedure does not need a description, since everything is repeated.

So, let's sum up. The most important thing that we learned today is the calculation of a staircase with a 90-degree turn, because the price of the issue with inaccurate assembly is money spent, and more importantly, nerves. Do everything wisely, and the result will surely please you. That's all, we wish you good luck!

The online ladder calculation calculator is a simple tool for quickly determining the dimensions of the elements of a turntable with a platform. It is enough for the user to enter the initial data (dimensions of the opening, the number of upper and lower steps, the width of the march), specify the type of stairs and start the calculation. The service will instantly draw a drawing of the future staircase and display the dimensions of the steps, the level of the site, and the angle of inclination of the future structure.

How does the online calculator work?

The calculation of the stairs to the second floor with a turn of 90 degrees is made on the basis of the initial data entered by the user, taking into account the values \u200b\u200bembedded in the current GOSTs, SNiPs and other building regulations. As a result of the calculation, it is determined:

the angle of the stairs;
the main dimensional characteristics of the steps (length, width, depth);
turntable level;
the length of the sides of the lower and upper stringers;
dimensions of risers and handrails;

The main advantage of the service is the instantaneous and most accurate drawing of the structure with detailed visualization of all its elements: stairwells, marches, steps, landings. Using the calculator allows you to avoid errors in the design of the structure, and in the further calculation of the cost of manufacturing and installing the stairs. The online calculator is an indispensable tool for those who decide to build a staircase with their own hands and want to save time and effort.

Initial data

Any metal staircase or a structure made of wood, concrete and other materials, is easily designed using key indicators such as:

opening dimensions (length, width, height (values P1, P2, P3);
thickness and overhang of the edge of the steps (S1, S2);
the number of upper and lower stages (S3, S4);
march width (S5);
the level of the upper (last) stage;
thickness and width of stringers (T1, T2);

The calculation of the angle of inclination of the stairs, the dimensions of the steps, stringers (or bowstrings) and visual outline are necessary to determine the cost of manufacturing the structure and execution installation work. For example, a staircase to the second floor made of wood with a 90 turn and a platform is very often made from factory parts that are produced in a certain size. Knowing these data, it is easy to calculate the entire structure.

When specifying the initial parameters, it is important to take into account some features:

The height of the opening implies the height of the entire structure - this is the distance from the finished floor of the first floor to the finished floor of the second floor.
The width and length of the opening are indicated taking into account the site and spans from extreme points designs.
Stringers (or bowstring) are special load-bearing elements on which steps are attached. They can be mounted with a ledge above the steps by fastening into special grooves. Or repeat the shape of the steps (flush mounting), closing their side part. In this case, the carrier element is called a kosour. Stairs with stringers are more compact, easier to calculate and more resistant to stress. Dimensions should be indicated from standard materials (channel, corner, board)

Typical values

Double-flight wooden or concrete staircase manufactured in different sizes. To facilitate the calculation task, it is recommended to use typical values:

6-7 steps, 40mm thick, 300mm wide.
no more than 40 degrees of inclination of the step for the convenience of walking;
step height - no more than 15-20 cm, and width - from 27 to 32 cm;

Pay attention to the future location of the upper step. Depending on the size of the opening and the type of factory steps, additional material consumption may be required to bring the last step above the level of the 2nd floor. We recommend placing the top step below the level of the second floor.