Where is the best place to place the stairs in the house. Rules for the arrangement of stairs in the house. A simple solution - a straight marching staircase on stringers

Modern tendencies To rational use territories, more than ever, encourage building houses not in “width”, but in “height”. This applies to private buildings, but even apartment residents are trying to organize a multi-level layout, thereby expanding the usable area. To combine the upper and lower spaces, it becomes necessary to build a staircase to the second floor, on the features of the choice of which we will dwell in more detail.

Varieties of stairs by design

When designing stairs, first of all, you will have to focus not on design, but on the area of \u200b\u200bthe room in order to choose the perfect product in terms of design and size. There are two main types:

Marching stairs

A common version of ladders designed with regard to the biomechanics of movement and providing comfortable, safe movement. They consist of marches, numbering from 3 to 15 steps. If the maximum number is not enough, the height is divided into two openings, between which a small platform or winder steps are installed. Such structures are already called two-march.

Marching stairs differ in shape and are straight, rotary (L-shaped or P-about different shapes) or bent. When determining this parameter, it is necessary to rely on the area of \u200b\u200bthe room, the height of the ceilings, and the location of the second floor.

According to the type of supporting structure, two types of marching products are distinguished: on stringers and bowstrings. In the first case, the steps are laid on top of the beam, and in the second - with inside of the supporting element, special grooves are made.

You will also have to choose the type of steps. Details with risers look more massive and fit perfectly into classic interior, and those without them are suitable for modern home because of the lightweight design.

In general, mid-flight stairs are presented in a wide range, and even for small-sized ones, you can choose a suitable copy or combine it with other items.

Spiral stairs

The principle of such structures is very simple: steps are attached to the installed rod, which spiral upwards. They do not take up extra space and are quite compact.

The main reason why spiral staircases are inferior to marching ones is the difficulty in moving due to the lack of a solid support. It is not recommended to install such an instance in a house where children or the elderly live. The following parameters are considered optimal: the central width of the steps should be at least 20 cm, and the widest part should not exceed 40 cm.

In other cases, spiral staircases can be considered an excellent option for both modern and classic styles. Due to their spiral shape, they become key element interior, and products of different shapes will help to diversify the design - from square to octagonal.

Bolts stairs

It will not work to install a ladder of this type in the center of the room - it is supported by a load-bearing wall, to which the steps are attached with the help of bolts (bolts). Assembled in one system, they form a single load-bearing element, giving the structure a light, almost weightless look, due to which it is often used in modern interiors.

Despite the visual fragility, the products are able to withstand from 500 to 1100 kg, depending on the material and manufacturer. In addition, the bolts allow you to adjust the height of the steps after installation.

Bolts with railings are popular, which take part of the load on themselves. You can experiment with the base, shape, and lighting to create a unique look for your home.

Choosing the material for the stairs

Stairs are made from different materials which endow them with certain aesthetic and practical properties.

wooden stairs

Imagining a staircase in a house, an image of a strong wooden structure with curly railings and a beautiful deep texture. It can be luxurious wenge, oak or minimalist wood of simple species. Ash, walnut, beech are considered the best options, but pine is not strong enough to withstand the required load. Lacquer coating protects against negative impacts environment but it will need to be updated regularly.

Such material is suitable for any designs, but looks most organically as marching products. For country or american style such a solution is indispensable.

metal stairs

Metal structures will serve you for half a century, retaining their original, neat appearance. To do this, choose instances of stainless steel, which is not susceptible to corrosion, since chrome-plated or painted options have a limited service life - no more than 6-7 years.

The plasticity of the base allows you to give the stairs and its parts any shape. Metal is often combined with other materials such as wood, glass, concrete. It makes elegant forged handrails.

concrete stairs

Unlike more natural materials, concrete does not have the lightness or finesse that pure form is unlikely to fit into a classic interior, but instead will give a sense of solidity and integrity.

Such structures are quite reliable, can withstand high loads and do not deteriorate over time. Unfortunately, they are difficult to install on their own, but the cheapness of raw materials covers this drawback.

An important advantage concrete stairs is the possibility of decorating them: stone, wood or even tiles. The unique rough texture will be invisible, but you will get an aesthetic design at an affordable cost.

stone stairs

Marble has an amazing deep texture, but as a stair covering, it wears out quickly after just a few years. Granite or quartzite have opposite properties. Also, much cheaper artificial counterparts do an excellent job with their role.

Stone stairs are often combined with metal handrails, and by adjusting the decor you can fit them into many styles.

glass stairs

If a design that does not require ten years of serviceable “service” comes first, glass structures have no competitors. Steps are made from this material, which are mounted on bolts or used on spiral staircases. Harmoniously acts in tandem with metal, which enhances the effect of gloss and gives reliability to such a fragile product.

Indeed, glass stairs can be damaged by a strong impact, but even in the absence of it, noticeable scratches appear on the surface over time. For greater strength, it is better to take hardened or laminated varieties. Acrylic glass is considered the most reliable, but tends to darken over time.

Styles and design

Due to their shape, stairs often stand out among the interior ensemble, while remaining an organic part of it. To do this, when developing a design, it is necessary to focus on the basic style of the premises.

Stairs in modern style

Modern aesthetics loves conciseness and restraint, the use of practical materials, their combination to create more complex type. Preference is given to pure geometric shapes, lines, flat surfaces.

The style works with the features of space, so the type of staircase design can be any, the main thing is that it looks good in the interior.

Stairs in a classic style

As mentioned above, the classics are characterized by the use of three materials: wood, metal and decorative stone, among which the first is clearly in the lead. Initially, you need to choose rooms with a large area, since here even the staircase has a massive appearance.

Often these are marching products on stringers or bowstrings with closed risers, divided into several spans and fenced with strong railings, often with characteristic carvings.

Loft style stairs

Concrete stairs to the second floor harmoniously interact with the style of the loft, emphasizing its industrial character. However, other fundamentals will also be appropriate.

The ladder must have an extremely simple design providing a comfortable ride. Since the loft interior, according to the rules, is placed on large areas, you don’t have to worry about the size of the structure.

Stairs in the style of minimalism

It is desirable that stairs in the style of minimalism attract as little attention as possible. Ideally, they should fit into the total volume of the room, forming a single functional whole with it.

The means of expression are reduced to a minimum: the texture of the material, the smoothness of the lines, the natural color scheme. Perfect solution- steps on the bolts.

Art Deco Stairs

Graceful and many-sided art deco strives to emphasize its "status" in all details - from the base of the stairs to the railing. The latter can repeat intricate, interlacing patterns inspired by floral designs.

Mid-flight stairs will look monumental and noble, spiral staircases, due to their spiral shape, in themselves correspond to the Art Deco style, but bolt mounts will seem too simple.

Where to post: basic rules

Installing stairs to the second floor is a very individual process that depends on the size, layout and ceiling heights in your space.

The most popular place for stairs remains the hallway, especially in spacious mansions. Thus, upon entering the house, you immediately get access to all rooms without wandering through the corridors.

The second most popular place to place the lift is the living room. This is useful for buildings with a medium area, if the second floor leads to a private room, such as a bedroom. In the hall, combined with the kitchen, the stairs can be used for zoning.

To somehow compensate for the impressive size of the stairs, it can be combined with another functional object, using the empty space. This applies to marching structures located next to the wall. The construction of such products is more complicated, requires detailed measurements and careful planning, but the final result will make it possible to maximize the use of each square meter premises.

The area under the stairs can serve as a frame for cabinets. The solution is relevant in the hall (storage of clothes and shoes) or living room (for the home library and household items).

The staircase can be organized as a wall in the living room, along the protruding parts of which movement is carried out through the floors.

Connoisseurs of quality drinks can equip themselves with a large collection of wines, enclosing it with glass doors and installing lighting.

In the resulting niche, you can put a small sofa, decorate cozy place for relaxation and privacy, and install shelves on the side walls.

The space under the stairs is suitable for creating a separate room- pantry, office or mini-workshop. Any child will be delighted with such a secluded children's playroom.

Using these ideas will allow you to take a different look at the stairs in the house, which will turn from a bulky object into a functional solution.

Design stairs to the second floor - photo

It is difficult not to notice the staircase even in the most spacious interior, which is why so much attention is paid to its design. Even more various forms, decor options and layouts - in our photo selection. Enjoy watching!

The nuances in creating a staircase project to the 2nd floor are determined by the layout, which, in turn, depends on the size of the house. Consider the options for arranging rooms in houses with different sizes: 10 by 10, 8 by 8, 9 by 9, 8 by 9 and 10 meters.

10 by 10

Square project two-story house(10 by 10) is quite popular. It can be implemented from various building materials - brick, aerated concrete or wood. As a rule, such a country house will have two entrances: through the porch (main entrance) and through the terrace (rear).

On the ground floor, it is best to place a kitchen and a living room (with access to the terrace) on the one hand and a bathroom with a front entrance and a dressing room on the other. Between them is a small hall with an area of 10-12 "squares".

The stairs to the second floor will look good between the kitchen and the bathroom. On the second floor of a house with a similar layout, you can place small corridor, three bedrooms (at the corners of the house) and another large bathroom.

8 by 8

Such a layout boasts a lot of obvious advantages. Firstly, all rooms in such a house will be in symmetrical harmony with each other. Secondly, with such a layout, it is very easy to set a single direction, which will manifest itself even when choosing accessories.

On the ground floor in a house with a layout of 8 by 8, as a rule, there is a kitchen, a relatively large living room and a small pantry or boiler room at the entrance. On the second floor there are two equally sized bedrooms. A bathroom with all communications is most conveniently located in the center of the building. Stairs to the 2nd floor are best made spiral or rotary (to save space).

8 by 10

Perhaps the most popular aspect ratio in a house is 8 by 10 meters. After all, it opens up wide opportunities for the implementation of various layouts.

House 8 by 10 allows you to place on the ground floor (except traditional cuisine, living room, pantry and bathroom) and a small office. On the second floor, three bedrooms, a large bathroom and a small corridor can be freely located.

8 by 9

A house project with such parameters can be attributed to the economy class. The main thing in it is to use the free space as rationally as possible.

On the ground floor, you can place a kitchen, a living room (these two rooms can be combined), a small entrance hall, a bathroom and a pantry. The staircase in such a project can be located in the corner of the building, right next to the main entrance. On the second floor of the house, you can plan two large bedrooms and a bathroom (just opposite the stairs).

9 by 9

Do not think that the modest parameters of a 9 by 9 house do not allow organizing comfortable living in it. Despite the limited space, a family of 4-5 people can easily live in such a house.

The arrangement of rooms in a 9 by 9 house very often looks like this: on the ground floor there is a small hall, a pantry-boiler room and a living room adjacent to the kitchen. On the second floor there are three small bedrooms and a bathroom.

Stairs to the second floor: what you need to know?

Before ordering (or making your own) a staircase for your home, you need to pay attention to several important points.

First of all, we are talking about the size of the building. If the area of \u200b\u200bthe house is small, then you should think about the compact design of the stairs, which will occupy a minimum of space.

That is, at the very beginning it is necessary to make all measurements and draw up a drawing-drawing of your future staircase. As for its main parameters, there are also several important rules. The slope of the stairs should be between 30-45 degrees.

If elderly people live in the house, then the angle of inclination, of course, should be minimal. The width of one step should not be less than 30 centimeters. But the total number of steps will depend on the height of the floor and the slope of the march.

Types of stairs. What is the best staircase to make in your home?

There are several types of stairs to the second floor, which are most often used in the construction of private houses. This:

single-flight stairs;
stairs with two or more flights;
rotary;
folding (attic type).

In conditions of limited free space and a small area, small-sized structures should be chosen (these are the last three types in the list). Such stairs will occupy a minimum area in the house.

Recently, the so-called ladders on the rails are gaining popularity. Most often they can be found in high-tech interiors. This ladder is attached to bearing wall on the one hand, and on the other - protected by a handrail.

The choice of one or another staircase to the second floor depends on the size of the house, its layout, as well as on the personal tastes and preferences of the owners.

The project of stairs to the second floor in a private house

How to build a simple wooden staircase to the second floor with your own hands? And what kind of funds will need to be spent on this? This will be discussed further.

Drawing and dimensions

Space is the main factor that will determine the construction of stairs to the second floor. It must be entered into the layout of the house so that it does not occupy half of the entire area. And for this you need to create a competent drawing indicating all dimensions.

There are two options here: order a staircase diagram from professionals or do it yourself. In general, a person who has elementary knowledge of mathematics and geometry can easily cope with such a task.

The easiest way (especially if you are a beginner) is to equip a straight wooden staircase. It will cost about 20-40 thousand rubles (depending on size, choice of wood, presence or absence of decor, etc.). If you order such a ladder from companies, you will have to pay 2-3 times more for it.

The simplest version of the stairs: fix the steps on two bowstrings, and the more complex and costly one involves the use of stringers - beams located under the steps at an equal distance. The structure can also be further strengthened vertical supports, which will simultaneously serve as the basis for the installation of railings.

Design of steps and handrails

The stairs to the 2nd floor should be not only comfortable and safe, but also beautiful. After all, she is important element in the interior of a two-story house.

In the design of stairs, everything plays a role: color, wood density, and shape. Someone prefers thin and graceful steps, and someone - bulky and rough "sleepers". It all depends on personal tastes and the general style of the interior of the house. In general, the design of the steps of the stairs should be such that a person ascending them has pleasant emotions and a feeling of comfort.

Railings, as a rule, are installed at a height of 80-90 cm. They can be made of metal or wood. Forged stair railing give the interior elegance, and classic wooden - warmth and home comfort. The second option is more affordable and less troublesome. Working with wood is very easy and pleasant, and the finished railings only need to be treated with protective mastic - and they are ready for installation and operation!

Entrance to the second floor

It is important to note that the staircase is a special element in the interior, as it actually links two different floors in the building. Therefore, it should be consistent with the general style of the house and echo, harmonize with the decoration and furniture, both on the first and second floors.

How to arrange the exit of the stairs to the second floor? There are several important rules here. First of all, there should be a good light source (chandelier or wall lamp) above it. At the entrance to the second floor, if the area allows, you can put a small chair and a small table. The wall near the stairs can be decorated with small paintings or photographs of household members.

Conclusion

In a two-story country house can't do without a ladder. Its design depends on the layout of the house and its area, and the design depends on the general style of the interior and the personal preferences of the homeowners.

Previously, stairs were made hastily by nailing wooden ones to an inclined bowstring, allowing you to climb to the top floor, leaning on all four limbs and bending your head. Exclusive is a little less than the author's fireplace, and the installation of a ready-made modular design made in China, as a rule, is not cheaper than a finished fireplace stove with a chimney.

You can purchase wooden steps, risers, stringers, balusters, and handrails from a hardware store and try to make your own or hire a carpenter. But this is only if we are talking about a single-span straight staircase, and the floor height (from floor to floor) does not exceed 2.7 m. In all other cases, there are many nuances that have to be taken into account.

Unfortunately, those who design their own homes, and before that they dealt only with a one-story city apartment, sometimes do not attach much importance to the staircase issue, postponing its decision until later, when it is more difficult to correct mistakes. And, alas, not only their mistakes: sometimes the projects of professional architects, especially atypical ones, sin with an inconvenient arrangement of stairs. In the so-called finished projects gross miscalculations are usually already corrected, but not always. Therefore, there are useless nooks, corners and beams hanging over the head itself. In addition, if you decide to move the walls or raise the ceilings in order to reshape a typical project for yourself, a student who is practicing at an architectural bureau and called upon to realize your wishes through well-known computer programs can "push" the stairs so that after implementation project in the life of injury to you and your guests are provided. The lack of space allocated for the stairs has to be compensated by too steep steps and not always convenient turns. In a word, staircase design is a whole science. What do you need to know?

Before and after construction

Axiom one: the location and main characteristics of the stairs must be carefully calculated directly at the stage of designing and developing a floor plan. After all, even minor shifts sometimes force the entire planning volume to be completely redrawn. Be sure to require the designers to conscientiously enter the stairs into the plan and depict the building in section (when it comes to democratic country house, this is sometimes forgotten, leaving an opening of 2 x 2 m for the structure). Strain your spatial imagination, mentally walk up the stairs, figure out if the steps are too steep, and if you hit your head somewhere. We talk about it with skill: sometimes in projects country cottages there is such that you are amazed. Two common extremes: the staircase “eats up” too much space (for example, almost half of the hall or living room), or, under the banner of saving space, is laid narrow, steep and with uncomfortable turns. special moment, which you should pay attention to, is the exit point of the stairs in a low and spacious attic with sloping walls - when climbing, usually no one wants to rest their heads on them.

Now the second rule: designed, discussed and forgotten for a while. While construction and interior decoration is in progress, there is no place for a staircase made of precious wood or a work of high-tech design art with glass steps in the house: of course, it will be more convenient to carry drywall and bags of dry mixes upstairs, but expensive materials run the risk of being hopelessly spoiled by the builders. At this time, you will have to limit yourself to a "temporary hut" from second-rate lumber. It must be safe and strong enough to support the weight of workers and materials being moved. It’s not bad if the step pitch, the slope and the location of the “working” wooden staircase correspond to the parameters of the designed structure: such a first fitting allows you to achieve an ergonomic option. Temporary stairs should last until the end of construction.

Ideally, the installation of a stationary one is started when the finishing is completed and large-sized furnishings on the top floor are already placed.

Dominant in the interior of the living room

How right? And here the practice of private domestic housing construction does not stand still. In buildings of the recent past, which, in terms of architectural and planning features, did not go far from typical city houses with a strict division by floors, the staircase began in the hallway or in a separate room - as in the classic entrance of an apartment building.

More economical option for country house- single-march wooden staircase without risers and a heavy hatch in the ceiling so that the heat from the stove does not go to the attic. Even simpler is an open outdoor staircase in a wooden box (locker). During recent years planning trends have changed radically: the cold attics where guests were allowed to spend the night were replaced by private areas inhabited by the owners - bedrooms and children's rooms (and guests are now more often given a special bedroom near the living room on the ground floor).

From a structure that allows you to move from floor to floor, the staircase turns into a style dominant, the main (along with a fireplace) interior item of a double-height living room or a spacious hall. If the volume allows, then the ideal option is a straight line, without turns, with wide winder steps below. But this is no longer an axiom.

The classic type of stairs is mid-flight, with a steepness of 30–45 degrees. Everything here has been tested for centuries: the flight of stairs consists of steps that are attached to inclined supporting structures (strings or bowstrings). If there are more than ten steps, the march is divided into two (or more) parts, separated by intermediate platforms, for ease of ascent. The simplest marches are straight ones. However, they can be located along the L-shaped wall, and in the U-shaped pier. Mid-flight stairs combine high reliability and excellent aesthetic qualities. With this design, you can freely combine materials, such as wooden steps with wrought iron railings. A rich history dating back to the days of knightly tournaments also has circular and spiral staircases, which are a fan of steps fixed on a central support - a pole. They look very elegant and bright, take up very little space, while becoming the highlight of the interior. But! Spinning around the pole from morning to evening is difficult even for kids, and even more so for older people. Dimensional things can no longer be dragged along such a ladder. Therefore, now if they use a spiral staircase, then mainly as an addition to a more convenient main one.

Safety first

Having caught fire with the desire to build something super-original, one should not forget about the household. If there are small children in the house, in addition to the usual handrails, you should take care of the lower parallel railing. The elderly will be grateful if the handrails are duplicated on the wall. Instead of one baluster on each step, you can design two, but thinner so that the baby does not crawl through their palisade. Finally, you should not use materials for steps that are easy to slip on. And if you really want to, then you should stick strips that prevent slipping. To ensure safety, you need to know the basic rules of a good ladder. Here they are:

The first rule of comfortable and safe is the correct ratio of the width of the tread (supporting surface of the step) and its height. So that you don’t have to climb the stairs, mince or go down backwards, this ratio is tied to the average human step value (approximately 630 mm). You can use standard values, for example 300/150 mm, 290/170 mm. But they are not always practical. If the first or last step does not match the selected ratio, when ascending or descending, the chance of falling off and tripping increases. The most correct thing is to use the so-called Blondel formula that appeared back in the 17th century: 600 mm< ширина проступи + удвоенная высота подступенка В целом это правило работает при довольно пологой лестнице (400/200 мм), например, на склоне в парке. Верхним пределом принято считать 48 градусов (200/220 мм).
Comfortable and safe slope of the stairs 30-40 degrees. With a lack of space, it is allowed to increase the angle to 45–50 degrees, but then you will have to go down backwards.
On the tread (the stepping surface of the step), a foot of size 45 should fit comfortably. Standard steps have a tread of 280–300 mm. The minimum step width is 700 mm. If you want two guests to disperse on the front staircase of your mansion, the step width must be at least 1200 mm.
Each march must have at least three steps (otherwise, there is a temptation to “skip” them, since such a design is no longer perceived as a staircase) and no more than fifteen steps (in order to old man had the opportunity to take a breather during the ascent).
On each step of the stairs, at least a two-meter person should be placed in full height without the risk of hitting his head on the lintel.
For stairs with three or more steps, it is necessary to make a railing with a height of 900 mm. If elderly people live in the house, railings should be placed on both sides of the stairs. If there are children, then the vertical racks should be located at least 150 mm apart, even better - two for each step. In addition, small children in the house are a reason to abandon graceful designs in which the space between the steps is not covered by risers.
If you really want to use a beautiful but slippery material (polished stone or glass) for steps, you should stick anti-slip strips on top.
Particular attention to the first and last steps: they should be clearly visible. If a structure with winder steps is used in the living room or hall, it should not become an obstacle that will have to be constantly bypassed when moving. It is good when you can sit down on the lower steps made of warm wood to admire the play of flames in the fireplace. But this is a completely different topic.

IN two-story house it is necessary to place a comfortable, safe and beautiful staircase. You can invite craftsmen or assemble from a ready-made kit, but we will tell you how to design and mount it yourself.

Types of stairs - classification by shape

Stairs to the second floor in a private house differ in their shape. Several designs are used: with marches and helical. The former can be straight 90°, 180° or 360° swivel. Screws are compact, but they are inconvenient to use, especially for young children and the elderly. Marches are convenient, but they take up a significant part of the usable area, especially straight ones. The space below them is often used as utility rooms. The easiest way to build a marching staircase.

It includes one or two marches with steps evenly spaced. Their number is 3–15 if there is more than one march. On average, 8–11 steps are arranged on each march, and there are platforms between them. If there are more stairs with one flight of steps, it is also recommended to arrange platforms in order to increase strength. Steps are open or closed, with risers. Open are convenient with insufficient width of the act.

Mid-flight stairs can be made with small turns, less than 90 °, and are called rotary. At the turn, winder steps are more often arranged instead of a platform.

Stairs with bolts are popular - long rods with threaded ends. They serve to fasten the steps and fencing the structure, which is mounted in the wall. They are lightweight and aerial view but are actually very strong and reliable. The design can be stretched over the entire wall, or it can be built compact. Due to the features of the attachment, it is located only against the wall. It can be assembled from ready-made elements, it is better to entrust the installation to professionals.

Difficult to manufacture, but take up little space, they can be installed anywhere, even in the middle of the living room. Many do just that: the staircase is aesthetically attractive and becomes a decoration of the room. Various designs of these products are known, but for two-story buildings, a model with a rack and wedge-shaped steps is better suited. The rack is attached to the floor and ceiling, and steps spiral to it. On the side there is a handrail repeating the screw shape of the product. Balusters are attached to the handrails and steps.

Materials used - advantages and disadvantages

In addition to the form, the material of the stairs plays an important role. The most affordable material with many advantages is wood. Fashion for him does not pass for centuries. Wood products are durable, beautiful, decorate the house for many years. To maintain the appearance, it is necessary to update every few years. decorative coating. You can not use paintwork, but emphasize the structure of natural wood.

Between floors they are often arranged as a basis for attaching parts from other materials. For steps use wood, marble, glass. Bare metal is allowed for the whole structure, but contact with it in a cool room is unpleasant. Look beautiful metal stairs with glass railings - light and airy. Glass and metal go well with wooden details beech, teak, maple, cedar.

A new word in the manufacture of stairs is the use of special impact-resistant glass. It can withstand heavy loads, it is completely safe to use. The design with a glass staircase only wins with its grace and elegance. It is very effective to use neon bulbs for illumination.

We select materials in accordance with the chosen interior style. Metal is suitable for classic minimalism and baroque. Modern and scandinavian styles prefer glass. Concrete, marble are typical for the loft style, eclecticism. Concrete is exceptionally durable, specialists make amazing things of incredible beauty out of it.

Product features - what parts does the staircase consist of

The design of the stairs includes many details. Some of them are necessarily present in all products, others are specific, used only in some types. Even the simplest interfloor construction is not complete without supports and steps. The step has two parts: one of them is located horizontally, the other is vertical. The horizontal one is called the step, the vertical one is called the riser. The risers play the role of a support for the tread, but in some cases they do without them.

Marches from a number of steps are mounted on supports. Two of their types are used: bowstring and kosour - beams that differ in location. The bowstring is placed so that it fastens the steps from the end, and the stringer supports from below. Supports are made of thick material: 50–70 mm. The stringers are saw-shaped, steps are placed on the horizontal platform, and risers are placed on the vertical platform. There may be one central one, when the steps rest on the wall, or two. The grooves in the bowstrings for the deed and the risers are cut according to the pattern. Beams are pulled together with wooden or metal strands.

Stairs almost always have railings, although they are not required. But for older people, they are simply necessary. The railings are complemented by balusters - vertical supports between them and the steps. They are often not just a functional element, but play a role decorative ornament. They are made from various materials, different shapes. If there are small children in the house, balusters are required to protect them from accidental falls.

For individual structures, details are used that are specific only to them. Spiral staircases cannot do without a rack. It is performed from steel pipe or wooden, serves as the basis for the entire product. On some models, bolts are used to fasten the steps to the wall - special threaded pins.

Preparation for design - the choice of type, fastening, dimensions

Starting manufacturing, they first decide which type of product is better to use, taking into account the existing conditions. For a private house, options for stairs are possible:

1. Straight lines - easy to calculate and install, convenient to use. Requires a lot of space.
2. Rotary with two or three marches and platforms between them. Staircase turns 90, 180 or 360 degrees to save space.
3. Rotary winders - similar to the previous version. The role of the platforms is played by steps, additionally up to 2 m 2 of area is saved.
4. Screw - very compact, but not very convenient to use. Recommended for rooms with a small area.

We continue the construction with the choice of fastening:

bolts - mounted on the wall, the design is elegant, but can withstand significant loads;
rack - used in spiral structures or rotary as an additional fastening;
bowstring - steps are installed in the internal grooves of the beam, the ends are closed;
kosour - the upper part of the beam has a figured profile for supporting steps on it, the ends are open.

the height of the opening between the finishing floors of the first and second floors;
the width of the opening, which, in addition to being rectangular, can be round, oval, which is determined by the version of the product;
height from the floor on the ground floor to the ceiling.

Calculations - building codes and formulas

We will show how to design a product using the example of a marching staircase. To avoid making mistakes, read the building codes for building stairs. They have been developed over many years of practice and guarantee the safety and ease of use of the product. The main rules that should be followed when performing all calculations in the future:

the slope of the marches is not more than 45 °;
not less than 90 cm wide;
the height of the steps does not exceed 20 cm, the depth is not less than 25 cm;
the dimensions of all steps are the same;
fence with a minimum height of 90 cm;
the location of the balusters in a house with small children after 10–12 cm.

In rotary structures, the dimensions of the inter-march platforms are at least 75 cm, and the winder steps, if used instead of platforms, are at least 20 cm wide.

Further work on the project continues on paper. We draw a plan of the first floor with an indication of all dimensions. On it we mark various ledges, niches, windows, doors, communications. When designing, we try to ensure that they do not overlap with load-bearing structures. We indicate the place of the beginning of the march on the first floor and exit to the second. We try to put down as many dimensions as possible, which will facilitate the installation of the product in the future.

Then we work with the measurements that we performed earlier. We calculate the number of steps: the height of the opening (the distance between the floors of the first and second floors) is divided by the height of one supen. Example: opening 290 cm, step 18 cm. Dividing, we get 16 steps.

We find out the length of the product: we multiply the number of treads (we have 16) by their optimal depth - 25 cm. As a result, we get 4 meters. The length is such that in a small room there may not be enough space. If divided into 2 marches of 8 steps, it will be necessary, taking into account the minimum platform size of 75 cm, almost half the area.

Finally, we find out the length of the supports, it doesn’t matter whether it is for stringers or bowstrings. We apply the Pythagorean theorem: c 2 \u003d a 2 b 2. In this case, a is the length of the product (4 m), b is the opening (2.9 m). It is required to find out c - the length of the supports. We add squares a and b: 16 8.41=24.41. We extract the square root of 24.41, we get 4.94 m - this is the required length of one support. If you do 2 marches, the length will be 3.5 m.

All calculations are applied to the drawing.

A simple solution - a straight marching staircase on stringers

It is easier to mount it yourself on stringers with one straight march. True, at the base, its length will be at least 4 meters, and the span will exceed five. But if the size of the room allows, it will become a decoration of the house. The product calculations are given above, we will tell you how to make parts and assemble the structure with your own hands.

For stringers, we take a dry blank from a hardwood board. We draw a template on cardboard or thin plywood, taking into account the shape of the protrusion and the angle of inclination. We apply it to the beam and cut the mount. At the ends of the stringers, we cut out the grooves for fastening to the upper floor beam and the lower beam. We process the grooves with sandpaper to eliminate burrs. In a prepared place on the floor, we attach the support beam to the anchor bolts. For attaching stringers to ceiling beam you can install anchors on it or simply join it by cutting.

For the manufacture of a deed, we use a dry board with a thickness after processing of 35 mm or more, 20 mm is enough for risers. The risers can be installed not along the edge of the step, but deepening a little, then you should not cut more wide board. Alternatively, it is possible not to use risers, the design will be easier. We select the length of the parts taking into account the width of the march plus the railing. We cut off the edges on deeds, grind the workpieces. First, a riser is attached to the stringers, then an act. We use wood glue and self-tapping screws. Glue is needed so that the stairs do not creak when walking.

Let's start making railings. They consist of handrails and balusters. For balusters we use square bars, if possible, we grind them on lathe or buy beautiful carved ones. They are mounted on steps, usually one baluster each. We fasten with self-tapping screws, the caps of which are closed with decorative plugs.

The assembly is over, it began to apply paints and varnishes that will simultaneously protect the tree from moisture and perform decorative functions. First, we grind the assembled product again, removing the smallest burrs and burrs. For painting, we use paint, varnish or a protective colorless composition, tinting agent. Paint, varnish, we choose those that do not have the properties to create a smooth surface. On slippery steps easily injured.

Spiral staircase - a turnkey solution with drawings

Spiral staircase for self-manufacturing must be easy to install and safe. The width of the steps plays a decisive role in the prevention of injuries. They are winder in spiral structures, there are no intermediate platforms. There are several ways of fastening: on the walls, on the stringers, on the bolts. They are quite complex for calculations and installation. The best and most reliable way for a home is to mount it on a rack.

The structure is made of wood or metal. wooden product, varnished, looks very nice, gives comfort. Any solid wood species can be used. For handrails, it is better to use a combination of wood and metal. For steps, they also use, in addition to wood, metal, artificial marble, glass. Perfect for a stand metal pipe. Steps are attached to it with couplings, bolts or welding, depending on the material of the steps. For B-pillar brick, concrete, wood are also used. The main thing is that it can withstand the load.

It should be observed so that it is comfortable and safe. One of the most important is the distance between the step on which the person stands and the one above his head. In order not to touch the head, it should be 2 meters. The width of the staircase is chosen not less than 90 cm, with dimensions of more than 1.5 m along the edge, the installation of a stringer will be required. The stairway should be 10 cm wider than the diameter of the stairs at each end so as not to scratch your hands when using the railing when exiting to the second floor. Below are the drawings for calculating the spiral staircase

best type spiral staircase- with a metal central support from a pipe with a diameter of 50 mm. Your attention step-by-step instruction for its manufacture:

1. We install the support vertically, checking with a plumb line and level. TO wooden floor fasten with bolts, using fasteners, pour in concrete. Mounting in this way will ensure the reliability of the entire product.
2. We take another pipe of a slightly larger diameter in order to cut sleeves from it. We cut them perpendicularly with a height of 23–26 cm. The sleeves should be tightly placed on the rack. If it was not possible to select a pipe of the required diameter for the sleeve, rings for sealing can be welded.
3. Then we proceed to the manufacture of steps. They must be the same. To achieve this, we make a conductor from chipboard and a pipe equal in diameter to the sleeve.
4. Stacking profile pipe into the conductor and connect by welding - the base for the site came out. Then we connect all bases with sleeves by welding at the same distance from their edge. To withstand the distance, we use a conductor.
5. We weld a bracket to the lower part of the base from the front side, equal in height to the distance between adjacent steps. You can make and weld risers, which is somewhat more difficult.
6. We string the sleeves with metal platforms on the rack, unfold them like a fan. We weld the bracket going from the top step to the bottom.
7. We weld sleeves together, install railings with balusters. The method of fastening depends on the material from which they are made. It is possible to use metal, wood, plastic or a combination of them.
8. Having collected all the elements, we clean the welding seams, cover the entire structure with nitro enamel. We cover the wooden parts with paint, if the texture is rich - with a colorless varnish or tinting agent.

It is not difficult to create interfloor stairs for a person with elementary construction experience, and the pleasure from the result will be great.

The construction of a two-story private house, cottage or summer house is a profitable solution that allows you to expand your living space. To save usable space in such buildings, small-sized stairs are installed. Such designs differ in the number of steps and the forms of marches. At the same time, a compact staircase to the second floor must meet the requirements of practicality and safety.

Stylish and compact staircase configurations

Small stairs are installed to save usable space. In their manufacture, they make it so that the steps are located as close to each other as possible, but it is convenient to move along them. It is necessary to carefully approach the choice of model in order to install the safest design in your home.

Even such a compact staircase can look very organic.

Of particular importance is the shape of the opening and its width. The choice of the type of construction of small dimensions depends precisely on these indicators. The dimensions of the steps and are the main data that should be considered. It is important to figure out which types of structures are best suited for small spaces.

Single-march

Single-march models are the simplest. However, when installing such stairs to the second floor, you can save space. The minimum required space for a 3-meter floor height is 80x180 cm.

Designers decide for this on various non-standard solutions. For example, these include models in which the treads are narrowed on each side.

Stair structures with one march can also be folding and retractable.

Swivel

Models with turns of marches are installed in a corner or against a wall. The platforms in them play the role of an element necessary for a turn. Turns are performed by 90° or 180°. Double-flight stairs do not take up much space, but climbing and descending them is quite convenient. Winder steps in such cases are simply irreplaceable. The minimum occupied space at a 3-meter floor height is 160x180 cm.

A good corner solution for a small area

Thanks to the installation of such a structure, the narrow passage to the second floor is more elegant. In comparison with direct marches, when moving, you have to change the direction of movement. There are other differences as well:

Compactness. They do not take up much space, while the parameters remain optimal.
Convenience - it is convenient to move along them even with a large object in your hands.
Aesthetics. Corner products look interesting and neat.
Safety. According to this indicator, rotary products are safer than screw ones.

screw

Small-sized screw models are popular today. These structures are installed both in multi-level apartments and in country houses. The ease of use of such structures lies in the observance of the rules of ergonomics - the movement up and down is comfortable, and no dead zones are created under the steps. It is more profitable to place such a staircase to the second floor of the house in a small area. The minimum plan dimensions for a floor height of 3 m are 130x130 cm.

Steps are attached to a vertical rack in a spiral. One of the main advantages of screw products is the elegance of forms. They are made of metal or wood - in any case, they are able to fit into a modern interior.

However, screw products have their drawbacks. For example, if a person carries a large object in his hands, it will be uncomfortable to go down. wooden models give the home a cozy atmosphere.

folding

If you have to go upstairs infrequently, it is better to install a folding type structure in a country house. It is perfect for the attic. Its advantage is the ability to fold if necessary. Small-sized retractable models are attached to the hatch on the ceiling. You can easily tilt the structure, and then push it back. For maintenance of the attic, a folding design is ideal.

It is allowed to install such a model in any area of \u200b\u200bthe house. Its choice depends only on the location of large-sized furniture. In addition, the installation of a folding model does not affect the interior.

There are several varieties of such products:

telescopic;
retractable;
folding;
sectional.

The width is usually close to that of conventional side structures. As a rule, it is 60-65 cm. With a large slope, it will be possible to go down it only with your back forward.

When choosing a suitable type of construction of small dimensions, they look at the overall design of the room. The main thing is that it is durable, ergonomic and safe. Such a small staircase for giving is mounted where the attic is rarely used. It is effective to install such structures in houses with a ceiling height of up to 3 m.

Small Solutions

If it is necessary to install a ladder that would not “hide” the space and be as convenient as possible, pay attention to small-sized structures. There are several types of such products that can meet the requirements of practicality and reliability.

Modular designs

When installing modular lifts on the second floor, you can experiment with the interior and choose various options assemblies. They can be made by hand, which is the main advantage. Modular designs are screw, spiral, L- and U-shaped. They may also be rounded. The modular system allows you to give the stairs any shape in terms of, and adding the right number of elements allows you to gain an arbitrary height.

Install them in openings of different widths and lengths. It is important to install the modular staircase correctly - the safety of the residents depends on it. At the same time, attention is paid to living in the house of persons with disabilities - children and the elderly.

Choose a modular staircase with a small opening to the second floor in accordance with the following recommendations:

Before choosing, measure the area of \u200b\u200bthe room and find out the dimensions of the opening.
It is better if the structure is equipped with a railing that will ensure the safety of movement.
For ease of ascent and descent, stairs without risers are chosen - this ensures comfort when setting the foot.
The design of the structure is created taking into account the general style of the room.

With small platforms and compact turns, it is easy to save living space. First, pay attention to the safety of the product, and only then - to its appearance. Modular structures are installed in a house where you need to move quickly between floors. Often this design is chosen for installation in a bath.

Staircase "goose step"

Among the single-march structures, it is worth highlighting the goose step staircase. It does not take up space, but also does not restrict movement when ascending and descending. When resizing a run, it is important to maintain the optimal step width and slope range. If even when choosing extreme values, it is not possible to create an ascent to the second floor, it is not worth saving space for arranging stairs.

The design difference is the alternate narrowing of the tread on each side. This allows you to create comfort when moving, while leaving the length of the march relatively small.

This design can be the highlight of the whole interior.

The goose step ladder is designed for comfortable movement in confined spaces. For such models, the optimal slope is 50 ° - 60 °. Their width is reduced to 60-80 cm. At the same time, the ratio of the height of the riser and the width of the tread in such designs is rather unusual. If you transfer it to an ordinary single-flight staircase, moving along it would be unsafe.

Important Convenience and Safety Issues

When installing stairs to the second floor small house it is important to combine the design with the background style of the interior. There are also some requirements to take into account:

compact dimensions;
safety;
travel comfort.

The design should not be too steep - no more than 60 °. The slope is calculated based on the possibility of its use by children and the elderly. It is better to equip the structure with railings. The coating is chosen so as not to slip on it when moving. If the staircase is made of polished stone, you can lay a carpet on it.

Often, structures have to be made with a large slope - up to 75 ° degrees. At the same time, a rather large depth of steps is set. To increase the convenience and safety of the stairs, you can use the installation of handles that you can hold on to when going up and down.

Safety regulations:

starting from the first meter, the stairs are equipped with a fence 90 cm high;
gaps between railing posts should not exceed 10 cm;
the width of the tread should be sufficient for comfortable setting of the foot - 25-30 cm;
for the convenience of grabbing a hand, handrails are created with an optimal diameter - 32-60 mm;
all steps must be the same height.

Optimal sizes of fences and handrails

When designing a staircase to the second floor, it is important to take care not only of its ergonomics, but also of its functionality. Therefore, such structures are created according to individual drawings. You can do the calculations yourself with the help of free