Power frame of the house. How we make the walls of a frame house Three-level quality control is organized in production

The power frame of the house under the roof is a common type of frame for shrinkage. When choosing such a “semi-finished product” of a cottage, you need to be confident in your own skills, since most construction works will need to do it yourself.

What is a roof frame?

After paying the money, the customer will receive a package consisting of:

flooded strip foundation.
Assembled frame.
Installed heater.
Formed truss system with laid roofing material.

By and large, this is just a "box" without interior and exterior trim. In order for it to turn into a full-fledged frame house, it will take a lot of time and effort.

What are the advantages of such a framework?

First of all, this affordable price. For very reasonable money, the client receives all the main parts of the cottage, which will only be brought to the desired state. If you order a similar building with decoration, then it will cost several times more. Often this becomes a decisive factor when choosing such a "semi-finished product".

The speed of construction also plays an important role. The pouring of the foundation, the assembly of the log house and the installation of the rafters will not take more than a couple of weeks.

The third advantage can be considered the unusualness of such a project. In the "box" you can make absolutely any layout, as well as use any Decoration Materials regardless of tradition and custom. Often such "semi-finished products" are obtained much better than cottages with ordered finishes.

The construction of the power frame of the house is one of the important stages that ensure the strength and durability of the structure. wooden beams create the necessary rigidity of the structure. Only after the installation of the frame is completed, it is possible to proceed with the installation of windproof plates and other components.

Power frame for frame house : all installation details

Construction of the first floor of a frame house

The creation of the first floor is the beginning of the construction of a frame house. For the construction, you need to choose high-quality wood, depending on the purpose, the boards can have a different section:

Walls - 50x200 mm.
Partitions - 50x50 mm.
Overlappings - 50x100 mm.

Assembling the power frame of the first floor of the house must be entrusted to specialists

The algorithm for building a frame house looks like this:

The walls of the first floor are under construction.
Interfloor ceiling is installed.
The walls of the second floor are being formed.
Gables and girders are installed.
Rafters are installed.
Terrace is being installed.

When designing, it is worth considering whether a warm floor will be installed. If its thickness is approximately 100 mm, the walls of the first floor will need to be slightly raised

Construction of the power frame of the second floor

During the construction of the second floor in a frame house, great attention should be paid to its fastening to the interfloor ceiling. For this, weaving nails are used. They are hammered, placing a "snake" at a short distance from each other.

In some cases, boards with a large section are required for interfloor overlapping. This must be taken into account when makingproject of the power frame of a frame house, where the spans, as well as the total area, are of considerable size

To form an interfloor overlap, you can use boards with a section of 50x200 mm. Do not forget about the need to make a cutout for the future window between the first and second floors.

If the windows in the frame house will be located between floors, do not forget to provide cutouts for them.

Raising the gables of a frame house

One of final stages creating a power frame of the house is the installation of gables and girders. In the future, rafters will fall on them and will be produced.

First, work is carried out on the marking and preparation of the pillars of the base, and then the direct raising of the gables. After that, the power frame of the house is considered to be fully formed.

To build a power frame at home, you will need big number fasteners

If you want to build your housing in the countryside - contact ArtStroy. Frame houses, photos of which are presented on the site, can be adapted for summer and winter residence. Give us a call and we'll help you figure out all the details!

Frame construction has gained popularity due to price and technological accessibility. This technology allows you to build quickly. At the same time, simple available materials are used in construction and light warm walls are obtained. However, there are some rules that must be observed when working with this technology. They help to build a frame house reliably and correctly, choose the right panels and boards, insulate them with high quality, complete the sheathing, and assemble the roof. So, how to build a frame house?

Correct frame house

Frame construction is a new technology in which the sequence of work can be different. For example, you can first assemble the frame, then hang the roof and assemble the walls. Or you can do the work in a different way: after the construction of the frame, hang wall cladding, which will increase its strength, and then assemble the roof.

Building with attic and balcony.

To prevent discrepancies, here is what the scheme of the correct frame house looks like:

Prepare and mark the site.
Pour or build a foundation.
Build a complete frame and rafters under the roof. For multi-storey construction - assemble the frame of the first floor, put the ceilings and assemble the frame of the second floor. After that, collect the rafters.
Hang a roof that will close the interior from precipitation.
Hang the outer wall cladding under the protection of the assembled roof.
Lay insulation in the frame.
Hang the inner lining of the frame.
Make a subfloor.
Install windows and doors.
Lay electrical wiring, stretch water supply and sewage pipes, equip heating.
Run interior decoration floors and walls.

You can clearly see how to build a frame house correctly in the video. We will describe in more detail each stage of the construction of a new building.

Preparation for construction

Preparation for construction includes the following works:

Prepare construction tools. You will need a level, a tape measure, a hacksaw and a circular saw, a drill and a screwdriver, a hammer, and possibly a concrete mixer. Work gloves and a pencil will also come in handy. It is necessary to provide a place for storing tools - a utility room, a canopy.
It is necessary to provide a supply for the operation of power tools, for this they pull the wire from the poles or connect to the neighbors.
To equip the entrance to the place of frame construction.
Perform preliminary marking for ground work - mark the location of the future building on the ground with pegs.

Earthworks and foundation

The foundation of the future house will be built in accordance with the project. It can be concrete slab or concrete tape. It can also be piled - stand on metal or concrete pillars. To equip the foundation, it is necessary to remove part of the soil, and pour concrete into the prepared pits or place ready-made concrete blocks.

On a note

Work on the preparation of pits and ditches for the foundation is called ground or earthworks.

In the course of excavation, pits and ditches are prepared, which are necessary for pouring or assembling the foundation. The type of foundation and its design determine the dimensions of the pits. Therefore, the choice of foundation determines the amount of soil work - the amount of land that needs to be dug.

Trench for strip foundation.

When pouring a concrete foundation, work is performed in the following sequence:

Prepare the pit desired shape and sizes.
The bottom of the trench is covered with sand - they perform the so-called sand cushion. A layer of sand will provide an accelerated outflow of water from under the foundation.
They put formwork - boards or plywood along the edges of the pit.
Reinforcement is laid in the formwork - for the strength of the future foundation of the house.
Air ducts are laid (pipes for underground ventilation).
Mix and pour concrete. Also, the concrete solution can be ordered at the factory, get it ready for pouring - in a concrete mixer machine.
Anchors are installed on non-hardened concrete - fasteners for future frame supports and lower trim.
After pouring, they are kept for 6-7 days if the weather is hot, and 9-10 days if the temperature outside is about + 20 ° C. At this time, the concrete is gaining the necessary strength. After - proceed to the assembly of the power frame of the frame house.

In order not to waste time, during the curing of concrete, you can prepare lumber: saw beams to the size of frame racks, partitions, jibs, treat them with an antiseptic.

Power frame and roof

The power frame of the house is assembled in accordance with the project. The drawings and diagrams indicate the dimensions of the supporting elements, their location, the distance between adjacent racks. Also in the drawings are described methods of attaching various boards and beams to each other.

Power frame.

The frame is assembled from separate parts. The assembly of each part is carried out in two stages. The first is the assembly of the frame section "on the ground". The second is the lifting of the assembled section and its installation, fastening. This technology makes it easy to assemble the right frame house with your own hands.

We give a description of the sequence of assembling the wall frame:

Future vertical racks are connected to the boards of the lower and upper strapping on the ground, according to the design scheme.
The assembled frame of each wall is lifted and installed on the foundation, attached to its surface.
A second upper trim and floor beams are laid on top of the frame.
On top of the floor beams - they are assembled from the frame elements prepared on the ground, the walls of the second floor, or attic.
The assembly of rafters under the roof begins with the assembly and installation of the frame under the gables.
Gather truss system- also from, which are pre-assembled from boards on the ground. For ease of assembly, all rafters are made according to the same template and have the same dimensions. They are lifted to the roof in assembled form, installed and attached to the upper trim of the upper floor.

The correct frame house uses a technology in which the roof is first built, and only after that the walls are sheathed. Therefore, after assembling the rafters, they are covered with a film, sheathing and roofing - metal tiles, ondulin.

How to sheathe a building

The wall cladding of the house forms the surface, protects from precipitation and ensures the stability of the house, prevents it from tilting. In order for the wall to perform strength functions, the sheathing is made of wall materials of a certain thickness. How to sheathe a frame house?

Exterior finish with imitation masonry.

Dimensions wall panels regulated by GOST. Yes, for one-story houses if OSB sheathing, plywood or cement board (DSP) is used, boards with a thickness of at least 9 mm are required, and for two-story boards - at least 12 mm.

The correct frame wall of the house is assembled from separate PVC panels. In this case, the joints between adjacent panels must be reliably insulated or overlap each other. For example, when sheathing a wall with thin wall materials, siding, first hang the bottom row of wall panels, then the top one located above it. So the wall is sheathed completely from the bottom up. At the same time, the next row of wall cladding overlaps the previous one by several cm.

Wall cladding is fastened with self-tapping screws. The skin is screwed to the frame wooden racks. Therefore, the process of assembling a wall is called a "constructor".

Correct wall

The frame wall performs the function of protecting the internal space of the house from heat and cold, from the encroachments of strangers, from rain and wind. To perform each of the necessary functions, a layer of material is intended, which is part of the frame wall cake. How right?

Ventilated facade.

For the strength and load-bearing capacity of the wall, a strong load-bearing frame is constructed.
For heat capacity - the inner space of the walls is filled with heat-insulating material.
To protect against atmospheric precipitation - use moisture-resistant outer wall cladding.
For outdoor and indoor decor, as well as to protect against moisture and wetting, wall cladding is necessary.

In addition, they use Additional materials, which ensure the functioning of the main layers of the frame wall. For example, cotton wool insulation must be covered with a vapor barrier film. This protects it from moisture.

On a note

The heat capacity of a cotton insulator decreases sharply when moisture gets inside it. Therefore, dampness inside the building wool is unacceptable.

Here is the minimum list of layers of the frame wall and the order of their alternation, how the correct pie of the frame house should look like:

Internal wall cladding - forms the surface of the walls of the interior. It is made of panel materials - plywood, drywall, wooden lining, MDF or OSB panels.
Polyethylene film to prevent dampening of the insulation with inside. Vapor barrier is important for cotton insulation and is not important for polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam.
Insulation is a heat-insulating material that is characterized by low thermal conductivity. It ensures the safety of heat inside, and cool air in the interior during hot summers. The traditional choice of insulating material for a frame house is mineral or basalt wool. Also, sometimes expanded polystyrene is used or cotton and foamed styrene materials are combined.
The film on the outside of the insulation is a membrane material that allows moisture particles to go outside and does not allow them to penetrate inside the insulation. The membrane structure ensures the ability of the film to pass steam in only one direction. This layer is important for cotton wool insulation and does not make sense when insulating a house with foam.
External wall cladding - forms the surface of the walls from the outside, protects against precipitation, mechanical damage. It should be made of durable, beautiful and waterproof material. Often used metal profile, plastic siding, wooden planks or profiled timber, as well as OSB panels with subsequent plastering or painting.

When using cotton wool insulation in the "pie", the walls of the frame house provide for ventilation gaps. The clearance on the outside is especially important. It acts as a ventilation space through which wet steam escapes.

It is necessary to take into account a large number of conditions in order to build the right frame house, the video will show the main points that you need to pay attention to.

Correct gender

Flooring is performed before the walls are insulated in order to make it convenient to move around inside the house during work. The correct floor in a frame house must be insulated. To do this, a heat insulator is laid between the lags of the floor. After - they close it with a vapor barrier with access to the walls. Sheathing boards are placed on top of the vapor barrier film. Moreover, if a plank floor is planned, then the crate is placed on top of the log, along their entire length. If a less durable OSB or plywood floor is planned, then the crate is laid across the log. After - a finishing floor is laid on top of the crate, they proceed to the insulation of the walls.

How to properly insulate

Mostly use cotton insulating material. - mineral basalt wool - a low-combustible material on a natural basis, which is obtained from molten stone - basalt. How to properly insulate a frame house?

On a note

At first glance, it is difficult to distinguish between glass wool and mineral wool. It is important to know that mineral basalt wool is more expensive and much more durable (40 years instead of 20 years for glass wool).

Cotton wool insulation is characterized by compressibility, which is used when mounting the material between the frame supports. Mineral wool slabs or mats compress slightly when laid between the studs of the frame. Then they are held between the supports without additional fixation.

We lay mineral wool in the frame of the house.

It starts with walls where mineral mats are used, which are characterized by low compressibility and increased rigidity. In such mats, the insulation does not sag and retains the ability to retain heat for a long time.

On a note

When using rolled insulation, additional horizontal beams are required on which the wool will “lie”. This will not allow her to sag or sag over time.

It uses ready-made slabs in which foam plastic slabs are laid as a heater. However, this is the worst option for wall insulation, more affordable and inferior in environmental friendliness and climate control.

Foam plastics "do not breathe", they do not provide natural gas exchange through the walls of the premises. What creates an unhealthy microclimate inside the house.

Windows and doors

Almost always, the manufacture and installation of windows is ordered from a company specializing in these works. Doors - non-standard sizes are also made to order. Standard canvases 60x180 are purchased together with the boat in finished form.

Installation pvc windows with your own hands.

The choice of door material is determined by the place of its installation. For a room, it can be chipboard or wood. As a street front door You can put metal or fiberglass.

Engineering Communication

During the assembly of the wall, engineering communications are laid inside it. They are placed on top of the vapor barrier film in such a way that the cross section of the wire or pipe is not squeezed by the subsequent wall cladding. For the convenience of subsequent wall cladding, small recesses are drilled in the crate, through which a pipe or cable wire is laid.

Finishing

Interior decoration of the premises begins with hanging wall panels from the inside of the wall. To do this, use materials with a flat surface. Or materials for finishing wall decoration.

Interior walls are often made of plasterboard or OSB boards. At the same time, OSB requires additional plaster. And drywall - gluing joints. Also internal walls frame houses often equip MDF panels or natural wooden clapboard.

In a classic house, the foundation becomes the foundation - the supporting foundation. In a frame house, along with the foundation, the main role is played by the power frame. It performs the functions of a backbone, providing spatial rigidity of the house, its resistance to wind, seismic and other loads.

The estimated service life of a frame house is 50 years, but in practice this figure can be at least twice as large. For the durability of the house, not only the power frame is responsible, but also a number of other factors:

wood quality;
compliance with the technology of installation of insulation;
accuracy of laying engineering systems;
selected antiseptics and flame retardants.

In fact, the service life depends on the characteristics of the selected materials. Frame house well suited for repair: without moving out of it, the owner can change the internal or external wall cladding, strengthen the frame elements, replace the communications laid in the walls. It is important that the load-bearing frame withstand all loads and retain the geometry for the entire life of the building.

What is the power structure of a frame house

Between the main structural elements, a step of 50 to 100 cm is maintained. If the support post has a thickness of 50 mm, then, depending on the width of the material chosen for sheathing (particle board sheet 1.25 m or plywood / oriented strand board 1.22 m ) the step should be 62.5 cm and 61 cm, respectively. With such a chosen step, it is convenient to install not only the cladding plates, but also the internal plates of mineral wool insulation. They fit tightly enough without gaps, providing good thermal insulation of the walls.

The frame wall rests on the lower trim formed by a beam with a section of 50x150 mm. The foundation is covered with a waterproofing material that prevents wood from contacting concrete, increasing its service life. As waterproofing material optimally suited roofing material, laid in two layers.

The frame stands are edged dry board with a section of 50x150 mm. The thickness of the racks of 150 mm was chosen due to the fact that in this case the insulation boards can be laid in three layers, which meets the requirements of thermal insulation in middle lane Russia. A frame house with walls insulated in this way is suitable for year-round use. The load-bearing structure is carefully aligned vertically so that in the future there will be no problems with fixing the plates of the inner and outer skin.

To fix the frame elements, nails or self-tapping screws are usually used; in difficult areas, steel corners, plates, and brackets are added for the strength of the connection. Upon completion of the construction of the walls, the upper trim is formed - a double board with a section of 50x150 mm is laid. A floor beam is installed on it.

Window and door openings exceed the width of the installation step of frame racks, so cuts are made under them and opening crossbars are installed.

Basic requirements for the power frame of the house

The framework is made of a dry planed board. The material of natural moisture is not used, since it most strongly changes the geometry during shrinkage, which is unacceptable for the load-bearing structure of the house.
All structural elements are impregnated with antiseptic and flame retardant solutions that prevent mold, insects, and fire spread.
The frame is attached to the foundation with anchors through pressure plates.
Wall cladding boards inside and outside can be laid both horizontally and vertically.
Window and door openings are reinforced in accordance with the technology, and for this it is not necessary to double or triple the supporting elements, it is necessary to arrange them so that the main load is not on the fasteners, but on the racks.

We assemble the frame of the house from edged softwood lumber. In agreement with customers, we use a board either natural or chamber drying. Our lumber has excellent geometrical parameters, since the cut is made on a disk machine, there are practically no deviations from the specified dimensions. As additional option, we can plan all the material on the thickness gauge.
All frame elements are treated with a protective compound that prevents the appearance and spread of wooden structures fungus, mold, woodworm bugs. To do this, by default, we use the preservative antiseptic "Senezh", which is difficult to wash out, at the request of the customer, the treatment can be carried out with other compositions.
The figure below shows what the wall frame consists of:

Wall frame boards consist of posts with a section of 150x50 mm, or 100x50 mm, fixed between the top and bottom boards. The step between the racks is determined based on the width of the insulation, which will later be mounted in this frame, but should not exceed 600 mm. Wooden jibs cut into the racks, which provide geometric rigidity and resistance to lateral loads.

A crossbar cuts into the racks under the top board, which ensures a more even distribution of loads on all racks, and also insures the top board with the strapping from deflection. It is especially important to use this element in walls with wide openings for windows and doors. It allows you to remove the load from the jumpers, which protects against squeezing double-glazed windows and door frames.

This design of the jumpers in the openings above the windows and doors allows you to remove the load from the double-glazed windows and door frames. Using such jumpers on openings with a width of 600 to 1500 mm allows you not to use a crossbar. On larger openings, we use both reinforced lintels and crossbars. On openings with a width of less than 600 mm, the use of reinforced jumpers is not required.

The upper strapping binds together the shields of the walls adjacent to each other, which ensures a reliable bond in the corners. In addition, the rigidity of the upper board is increased, additional protection against deflections.

on windows and doorways, we use double racks, this is necessary in order to remove the vibrations that occur in the walls when windows and doors slam shut. This is especially necessary if you plan to install heavy doors and windows.

The corner is assembled with the addition of a side board, this allows you to securely fasten the corners of the house, while making it possible to insulate the corner well and exclude the possibility of blowing through. Unlike the corners in which a pillar of timber is placed, there will be no cracking and “cold bridges” will not appear. We use such a corner assembly unit where there are no additional loads. In places where reinforcement is required, we use more complex structures.

All frame assembly units in each project are worked out individually, and are agreed with customers even before we start building a house, and are fixed in the contract.