Expansion of the opening in a brick load-bearing wall. How is the expansion of the doorway. Widening door and window openings without dust

During repair work in a country house or in an apartment, as well as when redevelopment is done, often the owners are faced with the need to expand the existing doorway. In general, these works do not belong to the category of complex ones, and therefore both the owner and invited specialists can perform them. It is only important to follow certain rules and know some of the nuances.

How the expansion of the doorway is made, we will describe below. The procedure itself does not take much time - a maximum of one or two days. In the presence of necessary tools and knowledge, the only problem that will have to come to terms with is the laboriousness of the process.

Under no circumstances should you forget about the legal side of the issue. In certain situations, such work is regarded as redevelopment, which means that changes will need to be made to the existing technical passport of the dwelling. This will not work if you carry out all the work without informing the relevant utilities.

It should be understood - the expansion of the doorway located in bearing wall, requires mandatory coordination with authorized authorities. The changes in question in this case are referred to as "partial demolition". All work must be carried out competently, with preliminary calculations, ensuring the preservation of the strength characteristics of the structure. If you are not confident in your own abilities, it is better to entrust the task to professionals.

Remember, arbitrariness is an offense and you may later have to pay a fine and have to restore the wall to its original state.

By and large, all work is carried out in the same way on walls built from the most different materials. The procedure here is as follows:

mark with a pencil using the level of the border of the new opening;
we drill with a puncher along the contour of the hole;
we strengthen the structure;
cut out or knock out an unnecessary fragment.

In the process, it is allowed to use a variety of tools:

perforator;
a sledgehammer with a chisel;
grinder.

The most accurate way to get an opening is if you use the last device. If the work is done in a wall of foam concrete or gypsum blocks, then the most ordinary hacksaw for wood is enough.

A special professional circular saw equipped with diamond discs large diameter. Its use allows:

avoid excessive noise;
reduce vibration, which acts destructively on surrounding structures;
cut with millimeter precision.

Depending on the type of material used in the construction of the wall, the list of works is different. There are also a number of nuances and features.

In particular, to expand the passage to concrete wall The following tools will help:

perforator, 10 mm drill to it and a blade;
grinder with a circle for metal;
sledgehammer or heavy hammer;
chisel.

The work itself is carried out in the following order:

new boundaries of the opening are outlined on the wall;
holes are drilled through the perimeter (step - 50 mm);
further, with a spatula inserted into the perforator, the integrity of the gaps is destroyed;
the fittings inside are sawn with a grinder;
the fragment separated from the wall is brought down with a hammer.

As you can see, the technology itself is quite simple. However, the work takes a lot of effort, in addition, the process is accompanied by strong vibration and big amount dust.

Works in a brick wall

Any wall consisting of masonry materials delivers a lot of trouble:

aerated concrete blocks;
bricks, etc.

First of all, you will need:

grinder with a diamond wheel;
hammer;
chisel.

If we are talking about a supporting structure, you should prepare a mortgage - a steel beam or two wide corners. In other cases, a wooden lintel - a hardwood bar - is enough. These elements will help protect the opening from collapse. Their dimensions should exceed the width of the door by at least 20 centimeters.

The work is done like this:

a new contour is drawn;
the plaster is completely knocked down to the brick;
the old mortgage is cut out with a grinder or a circular saw;
a new jumper is installed;
fixed as securely as possible;
the remaining voids are filled with brick fragments mixed with concrete mortar.

The next stage is carried out no earlier than the cement hardens. When the mortgage is finally fixed, the unnecessary fragment is cut out. If the wall is too thick, then pre-cut bricks are knocked out with a hammer and chisel. Then proceed to the next row.

When making an opening in brick or concrete, it is imperative to use personal protective equipment:

respirator;
gloves;
canned glasses.

It is also recommended to periodically moisten the surface of the wall with water - you can’t do without dust at all, but its amount in the air will noticeably decrease. Keep in mind that the latter easily spreads throughout the house, so it is important to properly isolate the room in which the work is carried out.

About possible risks

When work to expand the opening is carried out independently, the risk of cracking the walls and their subsequent destruction due to the loss of strength characteristics increases significantly. If possible, try to avoid the generation of dangerous vibrations.

When using power tools, the utmost care must be taken. In particular, under no circumstances remove the protection from the grinder. Of course, this will allow you to establish a larger circle, but with the slightest careless movement, it is not difficult to get a serious injury.

When working on the repair and redevelopment of premises, it may be necessary to expand the doorway in a brick wall. In some cases, the owners of apartments and houses want to lay existing door or window openings and make new ones in a more convenient places. Next, we will talk about how to properly expand the doorway in compliance with all norms and requirements and how to issue permits.

The expansion of the window opening in a brick wall, as well as the door opening, is carried out taking into account the construction of the walls. Walls are divided into several types. Bearing structures, in addition to their weight, receive and transfer weight to the base ceilings, stairs, roofs, etc.

Self-supporting walls take the weight of the walls of all floors of the house and rest on the foundation. Non-load-bearing structures are affected only by their own weight, which is transferred to other parts of the building floor by floor. Depending on the layout of the building, the load-bearing wall may also be located inside the apartment, so expanding the entrances may require obtaining permits.

Fulfill construction works without prior approval of the project is prohibited, as they can lead to the destruction of the floors above. We proceed to direct work on expanding the inputs. Such work can be performed using two technologies. The first option is used to expand the entrances in self-supporting and load-bearing walls, the second - when working with non-load-bearing walls and brick partitions.

Expanding openings in load-bearing walls

To expand the opening, you will need the following materials and tools:

channels;
jumper;
studs with nuts;
Bulgarian;
marker;
perforator;
metal corners;
steel strips;
welding machine.

Before starting work on the entrance, it is necessary to install a reinforcing metal jumper. A layer of plaster is removed from the wall in the places provided for the formation of the opening. This is done so that the brickwork and the lintel become visible. The boundaries of the future opening are marked with slate or chalk. It is impossible to make a hole in the wall longer than 2 m, since improper distribution of loads can lead to a collapse of the wall.

whether there is a need to form such a structure, it is required to install a support column - columns. If the jumper is shorter than the planned width of the opening, it is supported by racks during work. The jumper partially takes on the weight of the structures located above, and you can safely carry out work. The edges of the run should protrude beyond the boundaries of the opening under construction by 25 cm on each side.

Consider the most common option for framing the entrance with two paired channels, which are fastened together with studs and nuts. Before installing a new jumper, special niches are made in the wall above the opening. The depth of the niche in which the channel will be installed must correspond to its size so that it does not protrude above the brickwork and remains under the plaster after the work is completed. To fasten the channels, it is necessary to use at least 3 studs with a diameter of more than 15 mm.

Before tightening the channels, to ensure the greatest strength of the structure, the niches are filled with M-100 concrete mortar, which fills the irregularities. Holes of the corresponding diameter are made in the walls of the channels. The channel is placed in a niche, marked with a marker through holes in the wall. After drilling them, jumpers are installed. Now you can start disassembling brickwork in order to enlarge the doorway. When expanding door and window openings, it is necessary to form a hole with smooth edges, which is possible when sawing parts of the masonry with a grinder. Due to the resulting dust, all work must be carried out in a respirator. After cutting, you can disassemble the bricks with a perforator. If the length of the jumper is less than the width of the inlet, then it is removed.

At the next stage, side racks are installed, the upper parts of which are combined with the jumper. They are made from metal corners 7-10 cm. At the junction of the stiffeners, they are welded to the jumper. Racks must be firmly fixed, for which they are interconnected with steel strips along the thickness of the wall. Reinforcing bars driven into the wall are welded to the strips. At the bottom of the opening, a spacer made of reinforcement or metal corners is installed, which will then remain under the floor. All metal parts are welded into a single frame, called a clip. It is possible to increase the doorway with the reinforcement of the lintel with corners. With each other they are fastened with tightening steel strips.

Expansion of openings in non-load-bearing walls

Enlargement of window openings brick walls much easier to do this way. Partitions are thinner than load-bearing walls. Accordingly, the expansion of the entrance to them will require minimal labor costs. Work is carried out using almost the same technology as on load-bearing walls. On the surface of the wall, a contour of the future structure is drawn, after which the brickwork is dismantled, the old lintel is dismantled. Above the enlarged opening, a jumper of greater length is installed, on top of which brickwork is placed. After the expansion is completed, an act of hidden work is drawn up, which must be signed by representatives of technical supervision. After that, you can start plastering the walls. In order for the plaster to adhere to the metal structural elements, they are covered with a chain-link mesh.

As a conclusion

It is impossible to expand the opening in a brick wall without prior approval of the project. Unauthorized work can lead to the destruction of the upper floors of the building.

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The brickwork should be disassembled only after the installation of the jumper and support posts, the opening should be framed with a pair of channels.

We immediately note that the device openings in the main wall the matter is more than responsible, since the structures of the building, which are load-bearing, are affected. In no case should this be done without consulting with specialists and without obtaining permission from the Moscow Housing Inspectorate and approval from the authors of the house!

With such a redevelopment of load-bearing walls, it is important to first go through the approval process, and only after its approval, proceed with the appropriate actions, clearly following the methodology prescribed in the project.

There are 3 types of residential multi-storey buildings in which the possibility of arranging an opening in a load-bearing wall can be considered:

old brick (Khrushchev, or block aerated concrete);
panel;
new monolithic.

The method of transferring or arranging an opening in the main walls for each of the houses is individual.
Such redevelopment of the wall may be necessary in cases of connecting the kitchen and the living room, increasing the window opening or increasing the living space due to the apartment located next door, and so on.
However, carrying out such work without coordination is fraught with adverse consequences:

destruction of the house or individual structures;
a fine for arranging an opening without permission;
repair of the wall and all structures of the building that have suffered as a result of unauthorized unacceptable actions, to be converted to its previous state at its own expense.

So, what kind of opening can be made in a load-bearing wall? Clear General requirements, such as the width of the opening, the amount of indentation from the outer (external) wall, etc., exist only for panel houses due to the fact that they were all built in a standard way.

The answer to the question "is it possible to make a doorway in the load-bearing wall of a brick house?" will depend on the results of the technical survey of the house, the year of construction and other data. The same applies to modern monolithic houses - there are no general clear guidelines, and therefore maximum width openings will vary, based on the individual characteristics of the project of each house.

An important point is the year of construction of the building itself, since any material is subject to wear over time. When arranging a doorway, it is impossible not to take into account the change in loads, therefore, for coordination, it is necessary to strengthen the opening with the corresponding drawings.

Expansion of the opening in the load-bearing wall

The very fact of expanding the opening in the load-bearing wall is a more serious matter than the implementation of redevelopment at the expense of the opening. In this case, strengthening the opening is the primary task of the event, in order to respect your own safety. When enlarging a doorway in a load-bearing wall, it is important to remember a few essential points:

it is necessary to strengthen the support, this will help the installation of metal structures, which will prevent the destruction of the building;
agreement is not possible without technical opinion and preparation of a package of project documents, since such redevelopment is far from possible in all houses.

If you wish to increase the doorway in the load-bearing wall in apartments on upper floors, it is much easier to achieve resolution, due to the lower load on the main walls. The situation is more complicated with the coordination of such work on the lower floors, since the load is much greater and the walls are not designed for such events.

Moving a doorway in a load-bearing wall

The transfer of the doorway in the load-bearing wall also needs to be coordinated, since the main wall of the building is affected, in addition, all changes must be made to the BTI plans without fail.

First of all, it is necessary to obtain a technical opinion on the availability of such a possibility.
Such work must be carried out with strict compliance with the requirements of housing legislation, rules fire safety and SNiP. If you move the doorway in the load-bearing wall without agreeing and taking into account all the requirements, then this will entail a lot of unpleasant consequences from a fine to returning the apartment to its original form at your own expense.

Coordination of the opening in the load-bearing wall

Getting permission in the process of coordinating the opening in the bearing wall of a brick house is less problematic than in other houses. The thing is that brick houses are more durable, since the walls in them are less dependent on each other. If you are the owner of an apartment in a brick house, for approval you need to contact State Unitary Enterprise Moszhilniiproekt, where, in accordance with applicable law, you will be issued an opinion on the possibility of arranging an opening in the main wall.

The situation is different with obtaining permission when agreeing on an opening in a load-bearing wall panel house, because in such houses almost every wall has an impressive load. If you arbitrarily build an opening in such a wall, this will weaken it and have a detrimental effect on the structural stability and safety of the entire structure, because all the main walls are interconnected. To coordinate such work and obtain a technical opinion on the possibility of this redevelopment in a panel house, you need to contact GUP MNIITEP (Moscow Research Institute of Typology).

To coordinate the opening in the bearing wall of a monolithic house, you must also contact State Unitary Enterprise Moszhilniiproekt or directly to the authors of the house, which will issue a conclusion on the possibility of legitimizing the opening in the load-bearing wall.

Employees of the Architectural and Design Workshop No. 1 will professionally approach the coordination of the doorway in the load-bearing wall. Quality of work, affordable prices and reasonable terms upon agreement - these are the main principles of the company.

Conclusion:

The device or transfer of an opening in the main wall is more than responsible, since the supporting structures of the building are affected! In total, there are 3 types of houses in which the possibility of such redevelopment can be considered:

old brick ones (for approval, contact the State Unitary Enterprise Moszhilniiproekt);
panel (for approval, contact the State Unitary Enterprise MNIITEP);
new monolithic ones (you can get permission from the State Unitary Enterprise Moszhilniiproekt or from the authors of the house).

The method of transferring or arranging an opening in the main walls for each of the houses is individual and requires coordination in the indicated authorities.

Questions and answers:

Question: Tell me, is the device of the opening or its transfer considered a redevelopment or reconstruction of the building?

Answer: Remodeling and reconstruction are completely different concepts. Reconstruction includes more global changes than redevelopment (for example, changing the number of storeys, replacing engineering systems, etc.). And redevelopment is a change in the configuration of the room. Accordingly, work on the transfer or arrangement of openings is a redevelopment.

When replacing a door or arranging an opening in the form of an arch, it may be necessary to expand it. If a light partition between rooms is being reconstructed, drywall or similar material from which it is made can be cut and sawn as you like. This will not affect the strength of the building. Another thing is load-bearing walls, damage to which can lead to irreparable consequences. Any reconstruction of them must be carried out in accordance with a separate project containing the calculation of the redistribution of the load after the changes.

Calculation of the dimensions of the arched lintel.

How to start dismantling?

First, it is required to strengthen the openings in the bearing walls. In concrete buildings, it can be carried out after the work is completed, but brick buildings must be taken care of at the very beginning in order to prevent its destruction. To do this, a metal beam is installed at the top, under which a niche is sawn in the masonry. Its depth is about half a brick. All voids above and below the beam are filled with concrete mix.

IN preparatory work and directly to increase the opening, the following materials and tools are used:

Scheme of insulation and reinforcement of a wooden door.

steel channel (beam with cross section in the shape of the letter "P");
tie bolts 20 mm or metal studs 16 mm in diameter;
steel plates (sheet steel);
metal corner;
cement mortar;
electric drill;
electric cutter, power cutter or grinder with a diamond wheel;
jacks or other props for the duration of work;
perforator (only for bricks).

Holes for tie bolts are pre-drilled in the channels, at least 3 pieces. The distance between them should be at least 50 cm. The length of the channel is selected so that it enters 25-35 cm into the brick walls on both sides of the opening. The required section of the beam used, as well as the class of metal from which it must be made, is determined in the load calculations and included in the redevelopment project.

Related article: Living room interior planning

How to strengthen the structure?

Scheme of the device of the door frame.

Brick buildings require a particularly careful approach. In a pre-sawn niche, even before expanding the opening, it is necessary to fix the channel (best of all on cement mortar). Through the holes in it, the wall is drilled through.

Then, on the opposite side, a second channel with holes is installed in the same way. The beams are coupled to each other by coupling bolts or studs having washers and nuts on both sides. Further work can be done only after the solution has completely hardened.

To prevent the brick from collapsing from above, the channels are connected along the lower shelves, for which steel plates 5-6 mm thick are welded to them. Their pitch should be approximately equal to the pitch of the tie bolts.

If the new width of openings in brick walls exceeds 1.5 m, they should be reinforced with vertical posts. They are also made from steel strips, which are welded to the lower shelves of the channels. Vertical racks, in turn, need to be interconnected by transverse plates inside the opening.

The most reliable is the design, consisting of two welded frames. Frames can be made from channels. They are placed on both sides of the opening, and then pulled together with studs through the load-bearing walls.

This method of reinforcement is the most expensive, therefore, it is necessary to resort to it only if the opening is expanded to a greater height. It can also be recommended for heavy loads, especially on the lower floors of multi-storey buildings.

Features of the dismantling of concrete and brick walls

Scheme of the channel to strengthen the opening.

Cuts should be made according to pre-made markings. Both the handheld electric cutter and the power cutter are equipped with a diamond wheel sufficient for a cut depth of up to 10 cm.

These tools provide constant wetting during operation, minimizing the formation of dust.