How to putty metal surfaces. Types and rules for applying epoxy putty. Features of two-component polyester putties

Putty and putty are two equivalent names for the same composition used for cosmetic restoration of the surface before laying / applying the finish coat. There are many varieties of them. The most commonly used epoxy putty is a mixture produced on the basis of epoxy resin, hardener and filler. For a small amount of work, it can be made by hand.

Varieties

Epoxy putties are divided into several types according to the nature of the filler. They can work on wood, metal, plastic or concrete. Such compositions are also in demand among motorists with self-repair.

The use of epoxy putty partially restores and strengthens the structure of the base.

For metal

For leveling metal surfaces, epoxy putties are the best option. They have excellent adhesion. In addition, they lend themselves well to finishing sanding, which is important before final finishing (coloring).

To perfectly level a metal sheet or any other metal object, use compositions with a filler in the form of the smallest sawdust from the same material from which the surface to be putty is made. Most often on sale you can find compositions with aluminum powder.

Skilled motorists successfully treat the car body with such putties in places of damage. The epoxy composition is especially beneficial for long-term preservation of the car - it completely protects the metal from corrosion and rust.

Special grades of epoxy putties for metal are used in ship repair shops where special properties applied mixture.

For plastic

The use of epoxy on plastic surfaces is possible due to its excellent adhesion, as well as elasticity. Thanks to such qualities, this repair material has found the most active use not only in recovery pvc pipes but also in the repair of automotive equipment.

So, for example, epoxy restorative compounds for plastics are used with great success to bring used cars to a presentable appearance. Resin is able to fill all the bumps, dents and potholes on the car body. The only not very pleasant moment is the high toxicity of the repair material used. Therefore, to protect the lungs during work, it is necessary mandatory application respirators and protective masks.

The technology of using epoxy putties is practically no different from the usual mixtures used. Before direct application, a small visual analysis of damage to the surface (for example, bumpers) should be carried out. Next, work according to the well-known scheme:

clean plastic surfaces from dirt;
clean the plastic parts with sandpaper;
degrease the surfaces with a special solvent;
apply putty to the damaged surface with a rubber spatula;
sand the restored part first with coarse-grained sandpaper, then with fine-grained sandpaper.

After these simple operations, the resulting part is ready for finishing painting.

Concrete

When working with such surfaces, epoxy impregnations for concrete are most often used. Usually, in addition to cement, coarse-grained sand is also added to such compositions - to increase the adhesion of the base to subsequent finishing. After such impregnation, the concrete surface becomes rough and ready for plastering.

For sealing cracks in concrete normal fit(epoxy resin + hardener). It is prepared strictly according to the instructions, then the crack is filled and the surface is leveled. After complete polymerization, they are cleaned with sandpaper.

When restoring large potholes, to reduce the cost of the mixture, a filler is added to the epoxy glue - cement or fine sand.

Manufacturers

The variety of epoxy putties on the construction market becomes a certain difficulty in choosing the right brand. And this is taking into account the fact that, as it turns out, it is quite possible to use inexpensive epoxy glue for work.

However, almost all well-known manufacturers of construction and finishing materials produce epoxy putties for various types surfaces. Among them are:

Gypsum polymer;
Kreps;
VOLMA;
Ceresit;
Bergauf;
Brozex;
Knauf;
Litokol;
Unis;
Weber Gifas and others.

DIY manufacturing

Epoxy putty is not that difficult to do on your own. This will require epoxy resin and hardener, as well as fillers, which may vary depending on which surface needs to be puttied:

Epoxy putty on wood - small sawdust mixed with plaster or chalk.
Epoxy putty for metal - metal filings, preferably exactly from the metal from which the base is made. Usually it is aluminum powder.
Epoxy putty for plastic - a colored pigment so that the putty place does not stand out against the general background, and finely ground fiberglass.
For concrete - cement, or fiberglass, or sand.

The technology of work is quite simple, the main thing is to have all the necessary components at hand and observe the proportions.

It is important not to overdo it with the hardener. Its amount usually does not exceed 3% of the total resin volume at temperatures of +12 - 25 ° C. Moreover, if it is + 25 ° C outside, the amount of hardener can be reduced to 1.5%, and if + 12 ° C, then increase to 3%. If the operating temperature range at which the work is supposed to be carried out varies between +13 - +24 ° C, 2% hardener must be added to the composition.

The amount of filler is added by eye. Here, each master has his own recipe. It is important to get a mixture of the desired consistency so that it is convenient to work with. Properly formulated epoxy putty retains elasticity for 1 hour, then the polymerization process begins, and it is no longer possible to touch the surface. After complete solidification, you can start sanding.

Making epoxy putty with your own hands involves some danger. This is due to the presence of a hardener in the composition. If you accidentally overdo it with its amount, a violent reaction will begin with the release of a large amount of heat. Get burns at this point - a couple of trifles.

Application features

It is not necessary to carefully prepare or prime the surface before applying epoxy putty. It is enough to brush off the dust from it and degrease it well.

Since the mixture of epoxy and hardener hardens rather slowly in proportions, you can take your time and mix the mixture well until smooth. It is better to use a wooden spatula for this, and apply the solution with a spatula.

Remember, from the moment the composition is applied, it takes about an hour before the polymerization begins. There is plenty of time to correct small flaws when applying putty. After that, after about six hours, the final solidification of the mixture occurs. After another 2-3 hours, work can begin on surface treatment and its preparation for applying the paint layer.

Epoxy putty - convenient, but quite expensive if you buy ready composition, restoration material various kinds grounds. The best option is to use it for self-repair of the car.

Preparing a body part for repair is the most important starting point for achieving best quality at the exit. I hope no one will dispute this axiom?

So where should you start?

Let's take the front fender as an example.

To determine the nature of the damage and draw up a correct work plan, the suspected element should be washed properly. Moreover, after water, you should wipe it with White Spirit and a solvent. This action will give us a complete picture of the damage. It should be noted that behind a small defect in the wing (scratch or small dent) there may also be chips on the paint and other minor defects. And, if it is destined to paint it, then this must be done with all dignity, regardless of different faces.

So, we have found all the defects - what's next? And, then we come to the conclusion that we will have to prime the entire element. Hence, the conclusion is that we remove all defects from the surface.
Imagine that we have a long scratch on the surface of the wing, forming a shallow dent, and several small scratches and chips.
What to do? - The eternal question of the Russian intelligentsia.

I explain point by point:

1. We mat the entire surface of the wing with P220-240 abrasive. You can use an orbital sander, and where you can’t crawl, then manually. On a matted surface, all dents and minor defects seem to appear, and they become better visible.
2. A scratch with a dent must be sanded so that there are no sharp edges of chipped paint (If there is rust, we remove it to zero). Don't be afraid to overdo it. We grind the scratch and its edges with an abrasive (sandpaper) P120. This is a fairly large abrasive grain, with which the best adhesion of the putty to the surface is achieved.
3. Next, we polish minor scratches and chips. We expand them along the plane. So that there are no sharp corners and peeling from the surface.
4. Now, it's time to putty.

If you don’t already know, then great news for you is putty, it’s not alone! She has many varieties. Let's start in order:

2. Putty with aluminum filler (coarse two-component putty - filler, for filling deep dents, as a primary layer). Works great, shrinks a little when dry.

3. Putty "Universal" - (two-component), coarse enough to remove shallow dents and irregularities, usually yellowish in color.

4. Putty "Finish", (two-component) usually white color, handled well. Apply over coarse putty for more precise leveling.

5. One-component putty (completely finishing?) In a tube, for filling micro-scratches and micro-irregularities. I recommend to use for final filling.

After cleaning the repair surface with P120 abrasive, we proceed to puttying. Do not forget to pre-degrease the repair surface. If traces of rust remain on the repair site, they should be treated with a "rust converter" according to the instructions on the bottle.

We knead a rough putty with a hardener - mixing thoroughly so that there are no pink streaks (usually pink - hardener) and evenly, with a spatula with light pressure, fill the repair area. Do not try to do this procedure in one go. Apply, wait 10-15 minutes for the putty to set. Usually, 3-4 kneading and lubrication are required to achieve complete filling of the defective area.

The next step is grinding.
We grind with a sandpaper with abrasive grain R120. Carefully, trying not to climb beyond the repair area. (Otherwise, extra scratches - do you need it?)

To achieve safety, cover the repair area with masking tape, preferably in two to three layers. For better control, before sanding, it is strongly recommended to wipe the surface to be treated (dried putty) with black developing powder. It will be easier to control defects (where more putty should be smeared).

I recommend grinding with a special planer, the highest quality processing is achieved.

When sanding a part, pay attention to scuffs. If the metal began to protrude, then rubbing further does not make sense - you need to add putties (to fill the gap formed between the rubbed areas).

Remember! Putty is much softer than paint (varnish), and even more so than metal, so it is wiped off with sandpaper faster and easier. Therefore, if the metal began to show through on the surface to be treated, stop sanding and add another layer of putty.

After sanding the rough putty and achieving the desired result (as they say, “almost at the point”), you should apply the finish on all the suspicious places being processed (as well as on all the places marked with developing powder) and sand it on a planer with P220-240 abrasive. By doing this, you will cut (wipe) the larger risk, applied by preliminary grinding with P120 grit, and also smoothly sand all transitions.

Metal putty

Putty for metal is used when surfaces are damaged: when dents, small cracks or irregularities appear on them. This will make it possible to return the product to its original appearance.

There are many different putties, but not all can be used for metal. The article will tell you what types of putty exist, how to putty metal and the features of its use.

Types and features of putty
- Features of nitro putty

Types and features of putty

When choosing a quality putty for a metal surface, it is necessary that it has the following properties:

Dried out quickly.
It has good adhesion to metal surfaces.
Possessed high elasticity even after full hardening.
Spread evenly over the surface.
It gave minimal shrinkage after metal processing.
Just doing some detail work.
It had good compatibility with varnish or paint coatings that are used in the repair process.

There are several types of putties for applying to metal.

Of these, the most commonly used are:

Two-component polyester.
Epoxy putty for metal.
Nitro putty.

Each of them has its own properties and features of applying with your own hands.

Features of two-component polyester putties

Two-component putties are compositions, in the main polyester mass of which, before using the mixture, it is necessary to introduce a hardener.

The main features of this coverage are:

No shrinkage.
Possibility of applying to the surface in several layers.
Good material adhesion.
This is a heat-resistant putty for metal.

Tip: Polyester materials should not be used on paint-coated materials, anti-corrosion primers and plastic materials.

Two-component putties are:

Finishing or finishing. With their help, a smooth, even surface is provided, cracks, all kinds of pores or dents are perfectly sealed.
Fine-grained. Such compositions are intended to eliminate small defects and irregularities. They can be used on pre-coated surfaces.
Medium-grained and coarse-grained - they can fill large holes and considerable dents. The mixtures are applied directly to metal, fiberglass or previously applied putty.

Polyester putties are produced:

In the form of reinforced metal powder. Such mixtures are resistant to vibrations, they are used only for solid planes.
Fiberglass. Used for sealing through holes, large irregularities and fairly deep dents. But such compositions are unstable to the action of mechanical loads and vibrations.

Tip: If you need a heat-resistant putty for metal, you need to get acquainted with polyester blends that have such properties.

Features of epoxy putty

Epoxy putty for metal is also two-component.

Its advantages:

Great strength.
Has anti-corrosion properties.
Has resistance to chemical elements.
Slight shrinkage after drying.
It can be applied in a fairly thick layer of material.
Differs in high adhesion on any types of surfaces.
Can be easily processed with abrasive tools.
Long service life.
It is possible to use the composition on the old putty or paint. In this case, the material does not need to be performed preliminary primer just enough to thoroughly degrease the surface.
Low price.
Relatively fast curing of the mixture. Approximately 8 hours are enough, and you can proceed to the subsequent surface treatment steps.

Features of nitro putty

Nitro putty is a one-component, ready-to-use composition. It is quite simple when puttying metal, but it shrinks a lot, up to 15%. This allows it to be used to seal scratches and bumps. small sizes.

At one time, a layer can be applied about 0.1 millimeter of putty, which requires covering the surface with the compound several times. Before puttying the metal, it is desirable to use a primary primer. In such mixtures, the bulk of the mass is created by special fillers included in it.

It can be:

Neutral all kinds of fibers or powders that increase the volume of the material. Usually, the composition contains metal powders, minerals or fiberglass.

The photo shows the surface covered with a mixture of fiberglass

The filler in the composition of the material determines its appearance.

He can be:

Fine-grained. With its help, a smooth surface is obtained, almost without shells and pores.
Coarse-grained. It is distinguished by the presence of pores, but at the same time it has greater strength than fine-grained, which makes processing difficult.
Reinforced with metal powder or fiberglass. This is the most durable material, it can even be used to seal through holes in metal.
Lightweight. Designed to fill a sufficiently large mass, but the part does not increase.

Nitro putties may differ in consistency, they are:

Pasty. The metal is puttied with a spatula.
Liquid. For their application, a brush or spray gun is used.

Tip: When applying putties of any kind, the instructions must be fully observed, otherwise the compositions will not have all the properties they should have.

Mixtures differ in the way of drying.

She may be:

natural.
With heating.
Drying with IR radiation.

Before purchasing a putty composition, you need to familiarize yourself with its features, determine how it should meet the requirements in a particular case. Will help you choose the right mixture of videos in this article.

Putty for metal is used when surfaces are damaged: when dents, small cracks or irregularities appear on them. This will make it possible to return the product to its original appearance.

There are many different putties, but not all can be used for metal. The article will tell you what types of putty exist, how to putty metal and the features of its use.

Types and features of putty

When choosing a quality putty for a metal surface, it is necessary that it has the following properties:

Dried out quickly.
It has good adhesion to metal surfaces.
Possessed high elasticity even after full hardening.
Spread evenly over the surface.
It gave minimal shrinkage after metal processing.
Just doing some detail work.
It had good compatibility with varnish or paint coatings that are used in the repair process.

There are several types of putties for applying to metal.

Of these, the most commonly used are:

Two-component polyester.
Epoxy putty for metal.
Nitro putty.

Each of them has its own properties and features of applying with your own hands.

Features of two-component polyester putties

Two-component putties are compositions, in the main polyester mass of which, before using the mixture, it is necessary to introduce a hardener.

The main features of this coverage are:

No shrinkage.
Possibility of applying to the surface in several layers.
Good material adhesion.
This is a heat-resistant putty for metal.

Tip: Polyester materials should not be used on paint-coated materials, anti-corrosion primers and plastic materials.

Two-component putties are:

Finishing or finishing. With their help, a smooth, even surface is provided, cracks, all kinds of pores or dents are perfectly sealed.
Fine-grained. Such compositions are intended to eliminate small defects and irregularities. They can be used on pre-coated surfaces.
medium and coarse grain- they can fill large holes and considerable dents. The mixtures are applied directly to metal, fiberglass or previously applied putty.

Polyester putties are produced:

In the form of reinforced metal powder. Such mixtures are resistant to vibrations, they are used only for solid planes.
Fiberglass. They are used for sealing through holes, large irregularities and fairly deep dents. But such compositions are unstable to the action of mechanical loads and vibrations.

Tip: If you need a heat-resistant putty for metal, you need to get acquainted with polyester blends that have such properties.

Features of epoxy putty

Epoxy putty for metal is also two-component.

Its advantages:

Great strength.
Has anti-corrosion properties.
Possesses resistance to chemical elements.
Slight shrinkage after drying.
It can be applied in a fairly thick layer of material.
Differs in high adhesion on any types of surfaces.
Can be easily processed with abrasive tools.
Long service life.
It is possible to use the composition on the old putty or paint. In this case, the material does not require a preliminary primer, it is enough to carefully degrease the surface.
Low price.
Relatively fast curing of the mixture. Approximately 8 hours are enough, and you can proceed to the subsequent surface treatment steps.

Features of nitro putty

Nitro putty is a one-component, ready-to-use composition. It is quite simple when puttying metal, but it shrinks a lot, up to 15%. This allows it to be used to repair small scratches and irregularities.

It can be:

Neutral all kinds of fibers or powders that increase the volume of the material. Usually, the composition contains metal powders, minerals or fiberglass.

The filler in the composition of the material determines its appearance.

He can be:

Fine-grained. With its help, a smooth surface is obtained, almost without shells and pores.
Coarse-grained. It is distinguished by the presence of pores, but at the same time it has greater strength than fine-grained, which makes processing difficult.
Reinforced with metal powder or fiberglass. This is the most durable material, it can even be used to seal through holes in metal.
Lightweight. Designed to fill a sufficiently large mass, but the part does not increase.

Nitro putties may differ in consistency, they are:

Pasty. The metal is puttied with a spatula.
Liquid. For their application, a brush or spray gun is used.

Tip: When applying putties of any kind, the instructions must be fully observed, otherwise the compositions will not have all the properties they should have.

Mixtures differ in the way of drying.

She may be:

Natural.
With heating.
Drying with IR radiation.

It is a suspension of fillers and pigments in a solution of targeted additives, organic solvents and epoxy resins.

Designed for leveling surfaces: metal and non-metal. Surfaces may be primed or simply cleaned. Epostat putty can be used as a primer for paints and varnishes.

Epoxy putty is resistant to gasoline, mineral oils, detergents, has high water resistance. Well polished.

Operating temperature range from -50 °С before +120 °С.

Dries quickly enough to degree 4: At t +20 °С- per day. At t +65 °С- behind 7 o'clock.

Purpose

Epostat-Putty used as an intermediate or first layer in coating systems for products operated in an aggressive industrial atmosphere and indoors.

It is applied to products and equipment at petrochemical, chemical, oil refining, nuclear, pharmaceutical, food and power plants, in auto and shipbuilding.

Tara

Container 27kg, 60kg.

Mode of application

Putty on metal should be applied under the following conditions:

Temperature +5°C and above.
Relative humidity less than 80%.

Clean unprimed surfaces from grease, oil, dirt, mill scale, rust, old paint. The degree of visual cleanliness shall be Sa 2½ according to MS ISO 8501. A general purpose degreaser may be used to remove oils. OM-01C.

To obtain a working composition, it is necessary to mix two components: the base ( Component A) and hardener ( Component B). The hardener is supplied complete. First, with a low-speed drill with a nozzle, stir Component A for two to three minutes. Then pour in the hardener and stir the mixture for at least 10 minutes.

If necessary, add thinners to the composition: R-5A, R-5, R-4. Introduce them only after mixing components A and B!

After mixing, putty for metal should settle 20-30 minutes.

The composition is applied with a spatula or pneumatic sprayer. When spraying, the working viscosity of the material should be 18-20 sec. by viscometer VZ-4.

The viability of the finished mixture at t (20±2) °С:

1.5 hours when applied with a spatula.
6 hours when applied by pneumatic spray.

Drying time to grade 4: up to 24 hours at t +20 °С or up to 7 o'clock at t +65 °С.

The dried layer is polished. Then another layer of putty or paints can be applied to it.

Note!

The total thickness of the coating - no more than 1000 microns!

Consumption

Up to 650 g/m² - trowel application, layer thickness 350 µm.
120-290 g/m² - spray application, layer thickness 60-150 microns.

Precautionary measures

Ensure good ventilation when working indoors. After completion of work, ventilate the room. Use ISS.

Storage

Components A And B putty should be stored in a tightly closed container at a temperature of –30 before +30 °С. Do not heat, protect from direct sun rays and moisture.

If Epostat-Putty stored in the cold, before use, stand for a day at t (20±2) °С.

Guaranteed shelf life in the original packaging - 6 months from the date of manufacture.