Building a wooden terrace with your own hands is a technology for making wooden terraces. How to make a wooden terrace with your own hands We make a veranda

One of the elements that is very often used at the design stage of a house is a terrace. Today, a terrace in a private house is not a simple extension, but extra bed, expanding the total area of \u200b\u200bthe house. If the construction of the terrace is done correctly, it will become an excellent decoration of the site. In case you plan to arrange an extension on your own, keep in mind that building a terrace is not such an easy task. Before starting work, you need to have a competent project, where the total area of \u200b\u200bthe house and the surrounding landscape will be determined. Finished project must be approved by the district administration. It is best to build terraces from wood. This material looks very aesthetically pleasing and original, has a number of special advantages and useful properties compared to other materials.

Before building a terrace, you need to decide on architectural style project.

Terrace construction plan

The first thing that needs to be done before the construction of the extension is started is to coordinate the construction of the extension with state authorities, since any construction attached to the house is a redevelopment.
It is necessary to provide in the extension project both functional qualities and aesthetic ones.

In the case of the construction of the terrace not on the foundation, nothing will have to be coordinated. It is believed that such a terrace is temporary and, of course, short-lived.
Think about where the terrace should be located, what should be its layout, area and height. Mark the place on the site for the construction of the terrace with ribbons, so you will see the boundaries of the future extension.

Make an approximate calculation of the cost of purchasing materials. Leave the most profitable offers, carefully study the material for quality. If possible, consult with experts. Buy the missing work tools.
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Building a terrace: do you need a foundation?

Foundation laying plan.

Building a terrace is a very big responsibility that you take on, so mistakes are unacceptable. If you want to build a durable and reliable structure, you must definitely make a foundation. This option requires the confirmation of architects and a competent construction plan, drawn up in accordance with all the rules. Moreover, you will even need the consent of your neighbors. However, once you have done everything that is needed to obtain a permit for such construction, you will be able to build a reliable and durable structure, which will only need to be looked after and periodically reconstructed. The foundation allows you to extend the life of the site up to 100 years. But on the condition proper care for used for the construction of the terrace building material especially if it's wood.
If the construction of the terrace is carried out without a foundation, then such a construction will be just a square bridge on cement or wooden pillars, or even on the ground. When a wooden extension without a foundation lies on the ground, over time the material will begin to rot, and this will require frequent replacement of the floor and the entire building as a whole. The stone terrace, of course, will last longer, but mold forms from dampness, which does not in the best way affects the stone. If you raise a wooden extension above the ground (which is usually recommended when the surface of the construction site is uneven), this action will also not help much: the ground does not dry out well under the terrace, so that moisture will destroy the material when evaporating. In extreme cases, the construction site must be cleared of grass and covered with pebbles. This will prevent weeds from re-growing.

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The choice of materials for the construction of the terrace

The scheme of the terrace in the country.

Materials for the construction of the terrace are selected depending on your individual preferences and financial capabilities. It is desirable that the extension is combined with the general view of the house: for wooden house it is better to make a wooden terrace; for a stone house, use a stone that is suitable in quality and color.

Wood is the best option for lovers natural materials. The ability to self-clean (the rain will clear the dust, the wind will remove the leaves) and low maintenance additionally create convenience. However, remember about the mandatory processing of wood, designed to protect against the harmful effects of moisture, drying out, the development of mold and fungi. Modern timber for construction is usually impregnated with chemical protective agents before being sold, but you should not forget about periodic preventive measures.

The most durable and easy-to-maintain material for building a terrace is stone. Its main advantage in design is both the floor and the base for fencing an extension made of wood. It is possible to build an extension with a stone fence, but the cost of such a structure, of course, will rise. Stone fencing is often used for non-residential tall buildings, so it is not very suitable for residential buildings, unless it is a huge luxury villa. In this case, the owner himself needs to choose what is best for his home.

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Required Tools

The construction of terraces is carried out using the following materials:

Scheme for the construction of stairs for the terrace.

jigsaw;

roulette;

level;

chisel;

brushes;

pencils;

staples;

shovel;

wood boards;

cement;

stone blanks (slabs, pillars, fence);

metal blank for construction;

woodworking liquid;

dye.

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The scheme of the extension of the veranda.

First of all, think about the area of the future terrace. An extension of 5-10m² can only accommodate a small table and 4 chairs, 10-15m² is an average option for relaxation, and an extension of 20-30m² will allow you to install a fairly large table, chairs and even a few sun loungers. In addition to the total area of \u200b\u200bthe structure, make no mistake in choosing the width. The minimum width of the extension is 2.5-3 m.

Be sure to pay attention to security. If you have small children, make small gaps between the horizontal and vertical fence infills so that the baby does not fall out. A mini sandbox on the territory of the extension will keep the children's attention on the game.

The design can be open or covered roof. The roof provides protection for residents from excessive solar radiation on the south side, and the terrace itself protects from bad weather.

Many homeowners, of course, are interested in the question of the price of such construction. As already mentioned, the cost of construction depends on the material used. The price of wood depends on the species, the quality of processing and the manufacturer. The cost of stone, which is several times more expensive than wood, depends on the type and quality. Here it is necessary to carefully study the available offers and not rely on too cheap building materials.

A spacious and cozy veranda, or, as it is fashionable to say today, a terrace, is a great place for both secluded relaxation and fun, stormy parties with friends in the warm season. A well-designed veranda with an original design can immediately become a real decoration of the facade of any private house. Of course, it is best to lay the construction of a veranda in the main house construction project. But do not be upset if you prudently did not do this, because this type of room can be attached at any time.

In this article, we will tell you how to attach a veranda to the house with your own hands, consider options for a polycarbonate veranda, as well as an open veranda, give photo and video instructions.

Location

As a rule, a veranda is placed in front of the main facade, but it is not forbidden to place it in front of the side facade, if necessary. It is important that the veranda is clearly visible from the gate (the main entrance to the courtyard) and has a passage to the rooms of the house.

The decisive role in calculating the length of the veranda is played by the length of the facade of the house along which it will be completed. With a width, everything is much simpler, usually it is about two and a half meters.

Before you start building, do not forget to prepare workplace, i.e. clear the area, dismantle the porch and the canopy over the entrance.

Foundation

For a frame or wooden veranda, a columnar foundation is well suited, i.e. foundation with pillars brickwork under the corner posts.

For a light veranda small size columns placed in the corners will suffice, and for a larger extension, intermediate racks with additional columns should be installed (in 50 cm increments).

The sequence of works on the construction of the foundation:

First, holes are dug at least one meter deep.
The bottom of each of the pits is covered in layers: first of all, 20 cm of sand are poured, and then 10 cm of gravel.
Poured concrete base(approximately 15 cm) and allow some time for the concrete to set.
Brick pillars are laid out. Their above-ground part is brought to the height of the main foundation or slightly lower. The height of the brick pillars of the foundation is made, as a rule, 30 cm below the finished floor level.
Each finished post should be smeared with hot bitumen.
The cavities of the pillars are filled with brick fragments or fine gravel.
The gaps between the pillars and the ground are covered with sand.

frame

The frame of the veranda, as a rule, is made of wooden beams, the section size of which is 120x80 or 100x200. Logs (with a diameter of ≤ 12 cm) are sometimes used for the same purposes.

They begin to build a wooden frame, usually from the bottom trim (preferably double). The connections of the bars should be carried out with a direct lock. At the level of the second log, logs and vertical posts with spikes (50x50) are cut into the harness. The entire structure is fastened with nails, and for greater reliability, staples are used.

The most correct distance between the bearing racks is 50 cm, but, as practice shows, this value is greater.

The roof truss system and the top trim are installed on racks. Racks can serve as solid wooden beams, or connected two boards (section 120x40) with a gasket between them. For fastening the rafters, a horizontal beam is used, passing under the slope of the roof of the house. The beam and posts should be fastened with anchor bolts. During the installation of the veranda frame, make sure that the roof of the veranda being erected fits well with the roof of the house.

Roof

Undoubtedly, the roof of the veranda should be a continuation of the roof of the house. It is recommended to perform it from the same roofing material, but other types are also allowed. Roofing material is attached to a wooden crate. The crate is mounted either at intervals or close (depending on the type of roof).

The boards are fixed closely in the case of using rolled material. When attaching the flooring to the rafters, the nail heads should be sunk into wooden surface(they should never act). roll material fasten along the edges with nails, and for additional fixation, slats are nailed to the coating. The protruding edges of the roll should be folded inward and fastened with nails.
If steel roofing material is used for the roof, then it is attached to the crate with nails and joined with a “seam” seam.
Asbestos cement sheets are overlapped. At the same time, the upper sheets overlap the lower ones by at least 14 cm. They are fixed in advance drilled holes nails or screws.

Floors and walls

Usually the floor is made of wood, taking as a material wooden planks pre-coated with an antiseptic.

The veranda can be left open, or you can build walls by building them from wooden shields or wagons. In the second option, do not forget to take care of the windows.

Do not over-insulate the walls of the veranda, because it is considered a summer relaxation room.

After the floor, frame and roof of the veranda have been made, you can proceed to sheathing the structure with polycarbonate. So, you will get a bright and light veranda, where you can have fun in the warm season.

Polycarbonate is a translucent material made on the basis of carbonic acid polyesters. It is produced in the form of honeycomb or monolithic panels. In cellular polycarbonate, there are cavities between stiffeners that connect two sheets together. They often replace glass when arranging verandas. Due to this near positive properties material.

Although polycarbonate appeared on construction market Not so long ago, it is very popular among consumers. Why? The reason for this is the unique properties of the material, which has no analogues on the market today:

High strength. These figures for polycarbonate are 20 times higher than for glass. If polycarbonate is damaged, then it will not crumble into small fragments, like glass, but will break into fragments that do not have sharp corners. Thus, the injury risk of polycarbonate is minimal.
High light transmission rates - up to 86%. Due to the fact that part of the light is scattered, polycarbonate creates protection from direct sun rays. Partially absorbs ultraviolet light.
Polymer panels are flexible, making it possible to design curved shapes. Polycarbonate can be bent without special equipment, right at the installation site.
The temperature range is from -40 to +120ºС. And this implies that polycarbonate is not afraid of either the scorching sun or severe frosts.

If you do not have much experience in construction, then do not worry. This technology is up to you to master and implement. Initially, you should make a foundation, fix the elements of the frame in it. After the concrete has completely hardened, you can begin to manufacture the frame. How to make a foundation and a frame made of wood has already been described in the article.

For the manufacture of a metal frame in this case, a thin-walled galvanized sigma profile will be used. Frame installation features:

No welding is required, as all connections will be made with bolts. For this you will need a wrench.
The main fastening of the beams - anchors, laid in the foundation. If they have not been installed, then you will have to drill holes in the foundation and screw the check bolts into them, and then fix the beams.
Sigma profiles are fastened with standard fittings.

If you made a frame from rolled steel, then it must be treated with a primer and then painted with paint for metal. Thus, you protect the frame from corrosion.

Now you need to cut the polycarbonate to fit it under required size. It can be done electric jigsaw. It is important to take into account that the sheets must be tightly pressed to the surface.

If you cut polycarbonate too quickly with a jigsaw, it will begin to melt, and if this work is done too slowly, the material will burst.

To create a temperature gap during the assembly of polycarbonate sheets, it is necessary to ensure that the screws are not clamped all the way. In addition, when installing polycarbonate under the washers, gaskets must be laid without fail. This will protect the material from damage and leakage. Holes in polycarbonate should be slightly larger than the diameter of the legs of the self-tapping screws. So, with temperature changes, polycarbonate will narrow and expand without deforming.

The installation of the roof is carried out according to the scheme already described in this article. If desired, you can also make it from polycarbonate. In this case, your building will be very light. Polycarbonate is laid on the roof according to the same principle as on the walls.

The open veranda is a frame building without walls, and the roof is installed on beams. This design has a number of advantages and disadvantages.

Of the indisputable advantages of an open veranda, it is worth noting the following:

Ease of installation. Its construction takes a minimum of materials and time. It's easy to bring her up.
Easy care. Such a veranda is more of a part of the street than a house. Therefore, to keep it clean, it is enough to sweep the floor regularly.
An open veranda will allow you to enjoy the opening landscape and breathe clean air while on it.

Like all man-made things, construction open type also has disadvantages:

Unsuitable for operation in the cold season.
On the open veranda it is impossible to install upholstered furniture, since it will be impossible to look after her, which means that staying here will be deprived of a certain home comfort.
It may be difficult to choose finishing materials because they will be subject to negative influence environment.

The open veranda is not glazed and no walls are erected on it. It is often used as a gazebo. Build it in a frame way.

For construction you will need:

Concrete pillars for the foundation.
Beam for the frame with a section of 150 × 150 mm.
Cement and sand.
Beam for strengthening the frame with a section of 120 × 120 mm.
Bracket for beam connection.
Sheathing for the lower part of the veranda. It can be OSB, forging or slats in the form of plates or balusters.
Wood screws 100 mm and 25 mm for OSB fixings or wooden lining.
Wooden lining.
Beams for roof mounting 150×150 mm.
Anchors 150–200 mm.
Krokva 60×120 mm.
Roofing material, for example, metal tiles or ondulin.
Boards for the manufacture of roof lathing.
Logs 100 × 100 mm.
Wind board.
Floor board 30–40 mm.
Paints and varnishes for woodworking.
Roll waterproofing for the foundation.
Drill and saw.
Level.

You have already familiarized yourself with the method of making the foundation, so we will miss this point in our description of the construction of an open type of building. And now let's move on to the features of the device floors.

To carry out a high-quality installation of the floor, you must first prepare the base. To do this, the earth is first leveled and rammed. Adjustable supports can serve as supports for the logs. Moreover, their number will directly depend on the planned loads on the floor. This idea is great for open verandas.

Then install the logs on adjustable supports and fasten them. Thanks to these supports, you can adjust the slope of the floor and level it. Installation of boards begins from the edge of the veranda parallel to the logs. Boards must be level and dry. They should be placed closely. Fastening boards to the logs is carried out with nails or wood screws.

The wooden floor is short-lived, as it does not withstand long-term exposure to an aggressive external environment. If you want to make a more durable floor on the veranda, then you can replace the boards with decking or, as it is also called, a terrace board.

The device of the frame and roof does not differ from the technology described in this article.

In order for the wooden elements of the open veranda to last longer, they should be impregnated with special antiseptics and coated with paints and varnishes. Among other things, these actions will highlight the structure of the tree and help make the extension more attractive.

The lower part of the veranda also needs finishing. To do this, you can use slats that are fixed at an angle of 45º, forged elements or balusters. If you use a wooden or plastic lining, then under it it will be necessary to make a frame of bars.

To finish the ceiling and the pediment, you need to use one material. It could be wooden lining or OSB boards. At this stage, it is important to run electrical cables for lighting the veranda and make appropriate holes in the ceiling sheathing.

High-tech veranda

Terrace, translated from Latin as "earth", which actually reflects the essence of this design - a platform arranged on the ground.

In places where the climate is warm and dry, it can serve as a living room in nature. In our latitudes, the terrace is glazed, and it turns into a veranda.

But, not everyone professes the principle of rationality - therefore, today wooden open terraces are again popular. And the extension of the terrace to wooden house Generally a classic of the genre.

If you are interested in how to make a wooden terrace with your own hands, then this information is intended for you.

It should be noted that the construction of a wooden terrace begins long before you buy the material and pick up a hammer. This is already the final stage.

Types of terraces - design choice

To begin with, let's figure out what affects the choice of a terrace device, and at the same time we'll see what a wooden terrace looks like in the photo.

The type of terrace, the quantity and range of materials, the cost and duration of work is determined by the following design features.

1. Location

Adjacency. Verandas and terraces made of wood can have both common foundation with the house, and settle down after.

Location. The terrace can be adjacent to the house or be an independent structure located on the territory of the site.

This is what wooden terraces and verandas are famous for, that they can be installed anywhere, because. they are light and do not require the construction of a foundation.

2. Construction

Shape and size. Depends on the terrain allocated for the terrace in the summer cottage (slope, plain, garden), functional purpose, landscape design plot, desires and capabilities of the owner.

And do not be limited by the presence of trees in the selected area. The photo shows how organically they can fit into the terrace.

Number of levels - single-level or multi-level terrace

Location of levels: on the ground or raised above the ground

3. Additional elements

The presence and type of fencing. Open (with free access) and fenced. Garden bushes, stone, wood or metal (forged fences) can act as a decorative fence for a wooden terrace.

The presence of a roof or a canopy for a terrace (the roof can be glass, sliding, retractable, transparent polycarbonate): open, partially closed, covered terrace.

4. Finishing

The choice of material for the terrace

Another important point. It is important for us that all the material used is resistant to moisture (rain, snow), wind, temperature changes and UV radiation.

For work you will need

timber for beams, supports and decking. Terraces made of wood or logs look beautiful and light;
roof material (if any);
protective impregnations;
fasteners;
tool.

How to make a wooden terrace with your own hands - instructions

Consider each of the stages of construction in detail.

1. Surface preparation

For a low (ground adjacent) terrace:

clean the surface of the turf and, if possible, level;

backfill the area with a mixture of sand and gravel. It can be poured with concrete, this will eliminate the likelihood of plant germination.

Tip: If you are going to lay the tree directly on the ground, make sure it is well treated and can withstand moisture.

For a multi-level terrace:

clear from perennials, bushes, garbage.

2. Installation of supports

Supports allow you to adjust the surface. Their minimum height is 150 mm. Purpose - the possibility of air circulation.

For a small lightweight design fit:

metal corners;

plastic adjustable supports;

concrete supports;

cast support (the depth of pouring is equal to the depth of soil freezing in your area).

For a massive structure, you need to arrange a strip or column foundation for the terrace

3. Installation of beams under the terrace

Beams are installed on supports, checked by level and fixed. It is important to check the level frequently as any violation will lead to the fact that in some places water will accumulate.

The material was prepared for the site www.site

4. Log installation

Installation begins from the place where the terrace adjoins the house. The first log is attached to the house with a step of 600 mm. For brick wall a bolt 100 mm long is enough. For wood - at least 150 mm. The junction is insulated to prevent water leakage.

Logs can be mounted on base beams.

In the place where a wooden terrace is attached to a brick house, a galvanized visor is used.

The addition of a terrace to a wooden house puts forward increased requirements for waterproofing.

6. Floorboard flooring

How to cover a wooden terrace?

There is a wide variety of decking timber available on the market. They vary in size, thickness and breed.

Wooden floor on the terrace perfect solution. Most often used in different widths or parquet blocks.

For open wooden terrace it is preferable to use larch. This is the most durable and stable breed.

Advice:
Try to lay the boards so that they are joined along as little as possible.

Ways of fastening the terrace and floor boards

Fixing is done in two ways:

The self-tapping screw passes through the board and fastens it to the log. Easy way, but it’s bad because water can stagnate at the attachment point and the board will begin to collapse;

Allows you to protect the surface of the board. Suitable when using a special floor board.

With the use of clamps.

Tip: A small distance of 5-7 mm should be left between the boards so that the water that has entered can freely leave.

9. Surface treatment with protective solutions

A reasonable question arises: how to paint a wooden terrace? In addition to the fact that the tree needs to be protected from moisture and to prevent rotting, it also needs to be protected from ultraviolet radiation. So that wood does not lose its attractiveness over time. To do this, purchase wood oil with a UF filter.

Having built a veranda, you can make your house more beautiful and unique, as well as expand its usable area. But how to build it? The easiest way is to add a veranda to the housing project even before the start of construction - in this case, it will have a common foundation with the house and it will turn out to be stronger.

However, if such an opportunity was missed, you should not be upset, since attaching a veranda to the house after the completion of its construction is absolutely realistic - you just need to study the technology of work and learn all the subtleties of the process. How to build a veranda correctly?

Veranda design

The first stage of any construction is the creation of a project; This stage is also important in the construction of such a relatively simple structure as a terrace. You can draw up a detailed construction plan yourself, using various software. However, if you do not have a special education, it is better to contact the design office for professional help.

Plan of walls and partitions of the first floor

Design can be divided into several separate stages.

Choosing the type of veranda

The veranda attached to the house may have the most different kind. All such structures can be divided into two types:

You can choose any option - the main thing is that the terrace organically fits into the overall exterior of the house, becomes its logical continuation.

Thematic material:

The shape of the building also differs. The simplest and most affordable option is the usual rectangular veranda. More complex will be a rounded, curved design. You can also attach polygonal terraces to the house, running along one or more walls, or even forming a whole belt around the whole house. It is not necessary to build a veranda near the front door, although this seems to be the most obvious solution.

Material selection

As a rule, the veranda is built from the same material from which the house is made: it is better to attach a log or timber veranda to a brick building, to a wooden house. However, you should not rely on design compliance alone. Another important criterion when working is how difficult the construction of the veranda will be.

The easiest way to build - an object made from it is easy to process, the material allows you to easily implement a lot of design ideas. It is also simple and inexpensive to create a design from modern materials: WPC, PVC, polycarbonate. To attach a concrete or metal veranda to the house, most likely, you will need the help of specialists in various fields.

Construction Site Analysis

One of the most important tasks when designing a terrace is to study technical nuances and bringing the characteristics of the future building in accordance with the conditions of the area. The quality and durability of the structure will be affected by several factors:

soil type;
the condition of the wall of the building to which it is planned to attach the veranda;
climatic conditions in the region.

The maximum mass of the terrace, the complexity of the foundation, the need for insulation and much more depend on these parameters.

Documents receiving

This point is very easy to lose sight of if all the work on the construction of the terrace from start to finish is done independently. Veranda project and more technical documentation will help to obtain permission to change the design and registration certificate of the house. According to the law, construction approval is required in the following instances:

local self-government body;
fire safety authorities;
sanitary and epidemiological station.

It seems that since the built house and the plot are in your property, you are free to do whatever you want with them - including attaching a terrace. However, without all permits and a documented project, the terrace will legally be an illegal addition to the house. This will make it impossible to sell the object, donate it, exchange it; it will also be impossible to get a loan from a bank on the security of a house.

Foundation construction

When the project is completed, and all permits are obtained, it will be possible to proceed with the actual construction work. And their first part is the construction of a high-quality and reliable foundation. How to make this part of the building right?

The main requirement is this: the base of a closed or open veranda attached to a private house must correspond in its own technical specifications foundation of the main building. First of all, its depth should be the same. If this requirement is not met, when the air temperature drops, due to uneven deformation of materials, parts of the house will disperse, a gap will appear between the terrace and the wall.

Attaching a new foundation to the old one is made different ways depending on how long ago the house was built.

A new house is usually in the process of shrinking, so a rigid connection will cause the weaker structure to collapse - most likely it will be a terrace. In this case, the veranda is attached in the “thorn-groove” way - it will slide around the house like on rails, and the difference in shrinkage rates will not harm the structure in any way.
If the house has been standing for a long time, and the shrinkage is over, a rigid connection of the terrace with it is allowed. In this case, a gasket is used waterproofing material(for example, roofing) and processing the connection with mounting foam.

It will not work to make the foundation unified if the terrace was not conceived at the design stage of the house, but nevertheless, you should try to combine the foundations of the veranda and the house as efficiently as possible.

The type of foundation is selected depending on the design features of the terrace, primarily its mass, as well as the type of soil.

Formation of flooring

Whether the planned veranda is closed or its main attribute is complete openness, in any case, the terrace floor must be durable, warm and protected from destruction.

Most often, even if the rest of the veranda is made of concrete or brick, the floor is made of wood. This is due to both practical and aesthetic properties of this material:

the tree does not allow heat from the room to flow into the ground;
it is durable;
wood is completely safe for health;
such a floor practically does not require decorative processing, since the material itself is very beautiful - just cover it with a layer of varnish to protect it from damage.

The floor on the finished foundation is built in the following order.

All wooden elements of the veranda must be treated with antiseptic and antibacterial impregnations. This will protect the terrace floor from decay, damage by fungal and other microorganisms, significantly extending its service life.

Walling

Walls, unlike the floor, are an optional attribute of attached verandas. Instead of them, it is quite possible to build an ordinary . The veranda may not have any fencing at all - some projects for adding a veranda to the house involve the use of plants, hedges, as a fence. If it is planned to make full-fledged railings, walls and roofing, the next step after the formation of the floor will be the construction of the frame.

A lightweight frame made of wood is done like this.

Along the perimeter of the floor, bars are laid, connected to each other by a direct lock. Grooves should be made on them for attaching racks in increments of about 50 cm.
Racks are fixed in grooves with metal brackets.
From above, the racks are tied with a beam.
We make rafters for the roof.

A light metal frame is erected in a similar way. If the foundation allows, the frame can be made of concrete or brick. The thickness of the load-bearing structural elements may differ from the characteristics of the walls of the main house. Roof supports must be at least 1.5 bricks thick, fence posts - 125 mm.

Terrace walls can be finished using a variety of materials:

wooden or plastic lining;
metal siding;
timber;
decorative brick and much more.

The main thing is compliance and appearance Houses.

The walls of the veranda must be connected to the wall of the house in the same way as the foundations of the structures. For this, embedded steel elements are used. They are fixed in the main wall using deep holes, and they are laid in the wall structures of the terrace at the construction stage and fixed with a cement-sand mortar.

If the veranda is made open, railings are erected instead of walls. They can also be made from wood, metal, WPC, brick or concrete. Such a fence consists of racks, balusters and railings.

Roofing

The roof of the terrace can be removable, but it is better to securely fasten it to the frame if you plan to build a durable veranda. Like the floor, the main part of the roof is made of wood. The reliability and durability of the structure depend on how accurately the construction technology is observed.

The main terrace is a truss system consisting of wooden beam and board framing. The task of this system is to hold the roofing material in place and withstand external influences - for example, precipitation pressure. Therefore, a lot depends on the quality of the rafters.

First of all, the rafters are treated with antiseptic agents. Then the next work is done.

After all the main elements of the veranda are completed, it remains only to make a few finishing touches - to do interior decoration, conduct electrical wiring and, if necessary, heating, and install furniture for relaxation.

The listed construction work is only the basic part of the technology that any extension of the veranda requires. The remaining elements are stairs, decorative elements- made in accordance with the project. Having built the main parts of the terrace, you can easily cope with the additional ones.

Order services from professionals

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The veranda and gazebo are a stylish and functional decoration. suburban area.
But, if the gazebo is a separate structure, which can be used in summer time, then the veranda is a room attached to the house, having a roof, walls and intended for year-round use.

A warm veranda can serve as a corridor, a hallway or a relaxation room, a greenhouse, a winter garden, and even a pool can be placed in it.

What is the difference between a veranda and a terrace? These concepts are often confused, although they have a constructive and visual difference. The presence of a roof and walls is what distinguishes a veranda from a terrace and a porch.

The veranda is provided for even at the stage of building a house, but more often it is completed already during operation. Therefore, many are interested in how to attach a veranda to the house with their own hands. Below is a step-by-step (step-by-step) instruction for building a veranda for a private house.

1. Veranda project

Any construction begins with the development of the project.

Summarizing the experience of building verandas, it can be noted that they differ in the following parameters:

Location (adjacent to the house):

Corner.
End.
Front.

Degree of closure:

Open.
closed (glazed)

By setting sliding doors for a veranda, you can transform a closed veranda into an open one.

Design feature:

Built-in veranda (built with the house, has a common foundation with it).
Attached (attached as needed, has its own foundation).

Veranda shape:

A popular shape is the rectangle.
Round (semicircular)
Polygonal (hexagonal, octagonal).

The main purpose of the veranda is to make the house or cottage more spacious and decorate the building. The extension of the veranda also performs a purely utilitarian function - warming the house. Therefore, the question naturally arises, how to attach a veranda to the house correctly. Despite the fact that the veranda is a summer structure, its construction provides for the implementation of a number of rules.

What is included in the construction project of the veranda:

the location of the veranda. The main options are listed above. It is important that the extension is a continuation of the house, representing a single architectural ensemble with it.

Note. It is better to place the veranda on the east or west side, then most of the time it will be out of direct sunlight. Also, it is worth considering wind load in the region and on the site in particular.

entrance to the veranda. The entrance can be arranged from the street, from one of the rooms, or be through, through the street into the house;

location of the door. Entrance doors on the veranda and in the house it is undesirable to place against each other, otherwise drafts cannot be avoided;

the size of the veranda in the house. The length of the veranda is usually equal to the length of the wall along which it is built. The width is from 2.5 to 7 m. It is important here that the size of the veranda is proportional to the size of the house.

Advice from the master There is no need to save on the project. Its high-quality execution is a guarantee that the veranda will be built correctly, and the execution of permits will not cause problems.

An example of a typical veranda project is shown in the diagram.

How to attach a veranda to a wooden house

Any extension to a house made of wood is carried out after shrinkage of the structure. A house made of timber or logs shrinks over a certain period (most actively the first 2-3 years). To avoid warping the walls, you need to wait for this period, or consider connecting with the house, allowing the frame to play.

2. Documents for the construction of the veranda (permit)

The extension of the veranda refers to the restructuring of the house. Therefore, it needs to obtain permits.

To obtain a permit for the construction of a veranda (for an extension, reconstruction), you must submit to the architecture department:

a document confirming the right to own the land;
project of a house with a veranda;
the consent of all residents registered in the house;
application for clearance.

Note. You need to start processing documents 2-3 months before the planned construction works. According to user reviews, this procedure takes quite a long time.

In principle, it is possible to complete the veranda without documents, however, when selling, renting or inheriting, problems with this property may arise. The veranda is included in the total area of the residential building, the BTI may regard this as an "Unauthorized increase in living space." Especially if there is heating on the veranda (warm veranda).

During the construction of the veranda, one should not deviate from the dimensions indicated in the registered project. Any adjustment will result in a change in project documentation and payment of a fine. The consequences of unauthorized construction are spelled out in the Law of the Russian Federation "On Architectural Activities in the Russian Federation" and the Civil Code, an extract from which is given below.

The consequences for unauthorized construction are listed below.

The last thing to do after the construction of the veranda is to legalize the building with changes and get new documents.

3. Tools and materials for the construction of the veranda

The tool depends on what material will be used in the construction of the extension. For wood you need: a hacksaw, a screwdriver, a hammer and an ax, a sledgehammer, a tape measure, a plumb line, a level (building and water), a corner, a cord for marking, a shovel. For a metal frame, you will additionally need a grinder and a welding machine.

Material

The economy (budget) version of the veranda is a metal frame sheathed with plywood, OSB boards(OSB) or plastic clapboard.

A more presentable view has a brick veranda, natural stone or tree. It is important here that the material of the extension correspond to the material from which the house, cottage is built, or harmonize (combine) with them.

For the construction of a wooden veranda, you will need: lumber (log or timber, board, rail), fasteners (elements), protective solutions for wood, crushed stone, concrete, bitumen, drying oil or roofing material, window and door systems, roofing material.

For a veranda metal frame: lumber will be replaced by metal corners and steel profiles, metal processing solutions will be added, but otherwise the materials will be the same.

A polycarbonate veranda has proven itself well in that it allows you to freely admire the surrounding landscape. In addition, polycarbonate retains heat well, transmits light, and can be used for both walls and roofs. Plus, the cost of the material is quite adequate. used cellular polycarbonate with a wall thickness of 14-18 mm.

Note. All materials requiring processing must be processed before work begins. After the veranda is built, processing will be more difficult.

Preparation for construction

The construction of the veranda begins with the preparation of the site. Part of the site, reserved for the veranda, turns into a construction site. Before starting work you need:

remove the visor above the entrance;
dismantle the porch;
clear the area of greenery and debris;
remove part of the turf;
consider the place of laying building materials and construction waste.

4. Foundation for the veranda to the house

Before you start pouring the foundation, you need to determine its type. The most widespread columnar foundation for the veranda, because it makes it possible to attach a veranda without being tied to the main foundation of the house. However, a heavier veranda needs to be filled. strip foundation.

An important point is the analysis of the soil, which makes it possible to reasonably choose the foundation for the veranda to the house. The following are taken into account: the ability of the soil to absorb moisture, the homogeneity and composition of the soil, the level of freezing, the height of the occurrence ground water, soil stability.

In addition, the choice of the basis for the extension will be influenced by the design of the foundation of the house and the condition of the walls (wall material).

Having decided which foundation for the veranda is best done, they make markings for the tape or mark the place of installation of the pillars (supports) for the pile.

Note. For a small wooden veranda, it is enough to install pillars at the corners of the structure. For long and wide, provide additional poles along the length / width of the base. The recommended step for installing supports is 500-600 mm.

How to make a columnar foundation for a veranda

dig holes under the posts about 1 m deep. It is important to know that the depth of the foundation for the veranda depends on the depth of the foundation of the house (should be the same) and the level of soil freezing;

at the bottom of the pit, a pillow is made from a mixture of crushed stone and sand. They can also be covered in layers, first sand, then crushed stone or gravel;

a concrete base is poured;

laid out / inserted supporting pillars for the columnar foundation:

From brick. If you need to make an extension of the veranda to a brick house;

From a bar. For a wooden veranda;

From asbestos pipes, concrete poles or metal supports. For frame veranda.

The ground part of the pillars is brought to the height of the main foundation of the house. If the base is high, you need to bring the extension to the level of the house.

An example is in the photo (the first floor is used as a garage, the veranda is at the level of the second floor).

The installation site is covered with sand to eliminate and strengthen the gap between the post and the soil.

The design of the veranda with a large mass requires pouring a strip foundation. To do this, you need to dig a trench, set up the formwork (slightly higher than the required foundation height), pour concrete. The process of complete solidification of concrete must be accompanied by periodic wetting with water for uniform hardening of the concrete mixture.

5. Veranda frame

The installation of the frame begins with the execution of the lower trim. To do this, a beam is laid on the supports.

Note. The lower harness may have a double system. It is on it that racks and floor logs will be attached in the future.

Next, supports are installed that form the frame of the veranda to the house. The frame of the wooden veranda is made of timber 120x80 or 100x100. When using logs, their diameter must exceed 120 mm. Supports are recommended to be installed at a distance of 500-600 mm, but in practice this is rare. However, the supports are necessarily installed at the corners and form the door/window openings.

The height of the supports is equal to the height of the veranda. At the same time, the supports installed closer to the wall should be higher in order to form pitched roof. The methods of fastening the racks to the bottom trim are shown in the figure.

Advice. The rigidity of the supports will be given by the braces (braces) installed above and below.

When mounting the frame, horizontal bars are installed, which will serve as the basis for installing the window sill during glazing.

The execution of the upper trim ends with the installation of the veranda frame. It will serve as the basis for the formation truss system, and will give the frame additional rigidity.

Note. To prevent the top trim from warping, the supports must be fixed with temporary struts.

Many are interested in how to make a veranda frame from a log house. Indeed, in this case, both the foundations of buildings and the log house itself are moving. Therefore, all connections must be able to move (shift). Shrinkage compensators are installed from below, and from above the roof is firmly attached to the rafters of the log house.

6. Veranda roof

Part of the frame is the rafter system of the veranda. The installation of rafters and battens depends on what kind of roofing material the roof of the veranda will be covered with.

From the point of view of design, the following types of roofs for the veranda are distinguished:

Shed roof veranda.

The simplest and best option. In this case, the truss system is mounted at an angle from the wall of the house, which allows rainwater or snow to flow down unhindered without causing harm to the building.

Note. shed roof more convenient from the point of view of the organization of drainage and, accordingly, the device of the drainage system.

Double roof veranda.

In this case, the veranda is attached to the house with a narrow part. It becomes like a gateway. This method has not found proper distribution. Most often, such a roof is erected over a terrace.

The polygonal roof for the veranda is built in such a way that the angle of inclination is maintained for water to drain.

Installation of the veranda truss system

A board-run is installed on the wall of the house (beam 100x80 mm). The beam is fastened with anchor bolts. The upper parts of the rafter legs are mounted on it.

A power plate is installed along the perimeter of the frame. In small wooden outbuildings this function is performed by the top trim boards. The lower parts of the rafter legs are installed on them.

The lower part of the rafters is mounted so that it is possible to provide an overhang (removal) of the roofing material, which means that the veranda is protected from falling water.

Note. Distance between rafter legs depends on the slope of the roof, the width of the veranda, the weight of the roofing material.

When installing the roofing system of a polygonal veranda, a run board is additionally installed.

Depending on the material chosen, a crate is stuffed (for metal tiles, ondulin, slate) or a continuous crate is made (for flexible roofing materials).

How to attach a veranda to the house - video instruction

7. Floor on the veranda

The order of construction, materials, methods of fastening and processing.

Do-it-yourself flooring technology:

Logs are installed on the boards of the lower strapping. The distance between adjacent logs should be no more than 1 m. The logs are installed perpendicular to how the floorboard will be laid.

Fastening the log to the strapping is an important point, the quality of its implementation determines the performance of the floor. Setting the lag is controlled by the level.

What to make the floors on the open veranda

The concrete floor on the veranda is cheaper, plus, it is durable and requires subsequent finishing. For example, you can lay tiles or lay linoleum. The wooden floor on the veranda, even painted, will deform over time. The plinth is also recommended to use plastic with wood decor.

How to cover the floors on a closed veranda

The floor of the closed veranda is being laid. In this case, the installation begins with the board farthest from the entrance. It is attached to the lags directly through the board.

Subsequent boards are mounted using the tenon-groove method, and the fastening of the hardware is carried out through the groove.

How to fix the floorboard on the veranda

It is recommended to fix the floor boards with self-tapping screws. Their length should be twice the width of the board. The distance from the edge of the floorboard to the wall is 10-15 mm. Such a gap will compensate for the expansion of wood in the hot season.

How to cover the floor on the veranda (open, closed)

Wooden veranda flooring is one of the most popular and easy to install. Therefore, the actual question is how to process the floor on the veranda in order to extend the service life and preserve the aesthetic properties.

Floorboards will last longer if they are additionally covered with solutions that prevent the appearance of fungus. As a floor finish, a decorative layer of paint or stain is applied, varnished on top.

A novelty among paintwork materials is Dufa "Liquid Plastic" paint, designed for outdoor use (well suited for an open veranda).

Of the transparent coatings, the respect of users has earned:

Tikkurila Valtti (wood oil);
Pinotex Terrace Oil;
Alpina Oel Terrassen Dunkel;
Watco Danish Oil.;
as well as epoxy varnishes (yacht varnishes), which are designed for use in a humid environment.

the product must be intended for wood;

be resistant to abrasion;

differ in resistance to the influence of environmental factors (water, temperature, ultraviolet).

It is worth noting that veranda floor coverings are quite expensive, but this is justified by their service life, no refinishing and high aesthetic properties.

8. Roofing material for the veranda

As a roofing material, it is better to use such material for the roof of the veranda, which is installed on the main building (house or cottage). Well proven, shingles, . They are installed in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.

Note. To prevent water from flowing inside the veranda at the junction of the roof of the extension to the wall of the house, it is necessary to lay a joint bar over the roofing material.

The correct installation of the joint strip involves the manufacture of a gash in the wall of the house into the institution of the narrow edge of the strip into it.

You can admire the surrounding beauty in the warmth of the veranda by installing transparent roofs for the veranda. In this case, the role of the roofing material is played by glass or cellular polycarbonate.

Telescopic awning roofs or sliding roofs for the veranda are considered a novelty.

). Installation of finishing materials depends on their type.

It is important to know that the wall of the veranda adjacent to the house is fixed with embedded metal elements (details). The fastening must be rigid.

Today, veranda wall cladding is popular. sliding systems, the upper half of which is glass, and the lower half is wooden.

Note. Before moving on to the outer interior decoration the walls of the veranda need to be given time to settle. This is especially true for wooden verandas.

10. Veranda glazing

Windows occupy a significant part of the area of the walls of the veranda. Due to the fact that the veranda is a summer building, they usually install single wooden windows, most often plastic or wooden. Aluminum windows with multi-chamber double-glazed windows are used.

The large veranda is equipped with both opening and blind windows. The first allow you to provide ventilation of the room, the second - to save on glazing. Sliding windows deserve attention, allowing you to turn the veranda into an open terrace.

Among the new products, flexible windows for the veranda stand out. They allow you to extend the operating period summer veranda. The advantage of windows in a relatively low cost, the ability to quickly assemble and disassemble for the winter. They make the high veranda safe for children to play without compromising its appeal.

Soft windows for the veranda - roll systems (PVC curtains), which allow you to glaze the veranda of any configuration (round, semicircular, oval).