Attic building options. Attic floor - we build a house with an attic floor on our own. It is impossible to sleep in the attic floor when it rains - very noisy

The attic floor is strikingly different from the attic familiar to everyone. Indeed, with one word “attic”, a dust-gray floor, shabby walls, cobwebs, mice and chests with great-grandmother's things that no one has taken out for ten years appear. In the article you will learn about the features of this floor, the decoration of the rooms. All the nuances to make this floor cozy.

Features of the attic

To get rid of both this picture and the attic, as a warehouse of all kinds of rubbish, you need to think about how much it is. square meters who are idle. On which you can arrange a nursery, living room, billiard room and any other room, if you have enough strength and enthusiasm.

Before undertaking repairs, you need to understand how the attic differs from any other room in the house.

There are several differences:

• specific form- as a rule, in the attic you can find columns, sudden sharp corners, secluded niches and similar architectural excesses that are absent in the main house;
• low ceiling- in the worst cases, it will not work to straighten up under it;

• custom shaped ceiling- as a rule, beveled either on one side or on both, and only in rare cases is flat, as in an ordinary room;
• possible problems- since the attic is located under the roof itself, any leak will result in a broken repair, and any loud sound will be perfectly audible in the room below;
• communication difficulties- attics are often not heated, and even more often they have neither electricity nor water.

Of course, none of the features is a reason to leave the attic floor unsettled. You just need to take them into account when getting down to business.

Preliminary work

In order to start redecorating in the attic, you will first have to carry out preliminary work, which involves several stages:

• cleaning- you need to get rid of trash, wash the floor and brush off the cobwebs;
• grade general condition - are there any cracks in the roof, do the boards sag in the floor, do the walls fail, do the beams hold well in place;
• putting things in order- cracks need to be patched up (and possibly re-roofed), planks in the floor in problem areas need to be replaced, walls cleaned and possibly re-coated, beams changed.

When the room is left empty, noisy and clean, it remains to ennoble it:

• conduct communications- otherwise there will be no light in the attic, and in winter it will be cold on it;
• provide soundproofing- to do this, check how well you can hear what is happening in the attic from below, and, if necessary, put a layer of soundproofing material;
• provide warmth- one heating is not enough, you need to cover the walls with heat-insulating material (it can be either cheap mineral wool or more expensive synthetic materials).

When the work is completed - independently or with the help of specialists - it will be possible to move on to the more pleasant part: cosmetic repairs.

Attic decoration

To on attic floor it was possible to equip a comfortable room, it first needs to be ennobled: cover the floor, paint or paste over the walls, do something with the ceiling.

Ceiling

They usually start from the ceiling - so if paint drips from it, it will not harm the rest of the repair. You can use different materials. Among them:

• Dye. Requires some skill - to paint, raising your hand above your head, you need to be in good physical shape. The color can be any, the paint must be insensitive to moisture. Well, if it is water-based - such paint does not smell. But enamel can also be used.
• Plaster. Easy to apply due to thicker consistency. Doesn't smell and looks just like paint. You can use decorative plaster and make intricate patterns on it. You can use the usual one - it has a lower price. But you need to remember that plaster, unlike paint, passes water. This is a plus - it is easier to breathe in the room. But at the same time, a minus - if the roof leaks, the entire repair will be down the drain.

• Stretch ceiling. If you have a high attic floor, this solution will suit you. But, if it is low, it is better to choose a different material, since the stretch ceiling takes ten centimeters of height from the room. But it looks beautiful, can take bizarre forms, is produced different colors. For modern styles fits perfectly.
• Plasterboard ceiling. The same solution for a high attic - takes the same ten centimeters. It looks good, can be painted in any color, take any shape. The main disadvantage is that it is afraid of moisture, it will swell and warp, if anything.
• fabric ceiling. Unlike a stretch ceiling, this design "breathes". The atmosphere in the room is healthier. Not afraid of water, looks good.

You can paint it by hand if you know how to hold a brush in your hands.

Advice

Choosing a material for the ceiling is not only depending on tastes, but also depending on how much you believe that the roof will not leak. If you are completely sure of it, you can make a stretch or drywall. If not, it is better to choose paint or plaster that will be easy to replace.

Walls

Walls are the second step in cosmetic repairs. Their finish can be even more diverse than the ceiling finish:

Advice

The material for the walls should be chosen according to the general stylistic direction of the interior. Even if you came up with it yourself, some materials will work better for it, others worse.

Floor

The floor in the attic can also be covered different materials. Among them:

• Tile. It lasts a long time, wears out very slowly, looks good. But - heavy. It is necessary to first calculate whether the floors will withstand it.
• Dye. It leaves the feeling of a hospital or other public institution, but if you put a carpet on top, it will not be visible. But it is inexpensive and easy to repair, if anything.
• Linoleum. Wears out quickly and fades over time. But - it's cheap, it looks nice and it's easy to replace it, if anything.
• Laminate. It is worth laying if you want a wooden floor, but you are afraid for the integrity of the roof. It costs less than parquet, is easier to install, easier to change, requires less careful maintenance. And it looks - no worse.

Do not lay tiles on the floor in the attic natural stone and parquet.

Advice

If you are going to buy a tile, look at the marking so that it is not too slippery - otherwise the chance of injury increases.

Window

And, of course, we must not forget about skylights- they can also be different. There are:

• Repeating beveled roof. Such windows look appropriate, their throughput is high - on the attic floor it will be light and comfortable for most of the day. Do not require any special manipulations before insertion.

Advice

When buying a window, make sure that it will be convenient to put it on the ventilation mode.

And also remember that only roller blinds that are attached to the frame are suitable for horizontal and beveled windows.

Purpose

The rest - furniture, finishing nuances, accessories - depends on what you plan to use the attic for. It may contain:

• Cabinet. If you do not like to be disturbed during work, an office in the attic - perfect solution. Put a table by the window, run electricity and enjoy your privacy - it will be hard for the family to get to you and they will think ten times before distracting you.
• . If you have reliable ceilings and good sound insulation, you can arrange in the attic Gym. Hang mirrors on the walls, install a couple of basic simulators or make room for dance workouts. The main thing is to make sure that the ceiling will not swing from jumping in the attic below.
• Library. In the attic she has the very place, it will be especially good to read during the rain, by the sound of drops on the roof. The main thing is that the shelves must be resistant to moisture, otherwise, if the roof leaks, you have a chance to lose your entire collection.

A billiard room, a home cinema, a pantry for blanks - literally anything can be placed in the attic, even a greenhouse or a film processing room for photographs.

Advice

Before you start furnishing the attic, draw its plan on paper, and then build it in a special program that designers use. If the result satisfies you, you can bring it to life.

You can choose any colors for the interior, but cold and light ones are usually recommended - with them, even the lowest ceiling will seem higher.

At first glance, it seems reasonable to me to divide them into 2 sections - technical questions and aesthetic plus practical questions.

Let's try to list the technical issues.
Yes, by the way, the question of the attic is inextricably linked with the question of the attic. Because in fact, 2 solutions are opposed - an attic floor against 2 full floors with an attic.

So, technical questions, which are often placed in a minus attic:

1. The attic is very hot in summer

2. With an attic, the house is much warmer than with an attic

3. It is impossible to sleep in the attic floor when it is raining - very noisy

4. Builders will not cope with such a decision, it is difficult

5. It is impossible to make normal ones, such as stretch ceiling in the attic

6. Making an attic floor is much more expensive than a full floor plus an attic

7. It is impossible to fix leaks, unlike the attic.

AND questions comfort and status:

1. I need flat ceilings because these cut ceilings (lofts) are ugly. After all, it's more solid when there are 2 full floors.

2. I don’t want to knock my head on the roof so that the roof “presses” with its slopes on my head, but I want there to be a lot of space.

I propose to start with the second group of questions, because there are simply fewer of them =))
I'll rephrase it like this:

1. Is the attic floor uncomfortable? not solid?

Here I will not touch on issues of convenience yet, but will try to reveal issues of style and status.

Stop, let's just make a reservation:

I am not against houses with two full floors, not against flat ceilings. There is a place for everything, somewhere it is justified, somewhere not, somewhere in style it is better to be flat, somewhere the slopes of the attic will be more expressive.

My goal is to show with pictures, tell with words, prove with numbers that the attic ceiling is no worse, and in many cases better than flat.

I'll start a little from afar.

We almost all grew up in apartments and spend most of our lives in apartments, institutions, offices and so on.
That is, in fact, our whole life passes under flat ceilings. And it is quite natural that when we begin to think about our home, we transfer all the baggage of “life experience” and habits into it.

From here come home-made layouts of houses that look like bloated apartments, hence the desire to live in such a rectangular box inside the same as in an apartment. Well, maybe a two-story one.

Sorry for the banal comparison, but there is such a phrase - to live under your own roof, to have your own roof over your head.

No apartment can afford show this very a roof over your head, show the slopes of the same roof. A country house can.

Therefore, I believe that if you have a pitched roof, then it is a sin not to use it for good.

Now we are not talking about convenience, reliability and other technical issues. Now it's about aesthetics. About beauty. About suburban architecture.

So let's move on to the pictures. There will probably be a lot of them in this article =))

This is how many developers see rooms in the attic floors:

By the way. When I need to find a photo of the “horror-horror” category, I immediately go to Avito in the section for selling houses =))) There is all the reality that surrounds us. There are the results of the “creativity” of self-builders and “specialists” architects. You don't even have to look, the first ones you find are:

The device of the attic in an individual house is a fairly common phenomenon. This method of construction allows you to reduce the cost per square meter and create a rather interesting room in the under-roof space. In order to properly perform the device of the attic floor, it is necessary to study the basic requirements for it and choose the right type of roof and its slope.

What is an attic

According to regulatory documents, the attic floor is the volume under the roof, which is used to accommodate residential and utility rooms. At the same time, the height of the outer walls should be no more than 1.5 m in the general case, otherwise the space will be considered a full-fledged residential floor.

A do-it-yourself attic is beneficial both during construction and during the operation of a private house. In the first case, costs are reduced due to the fact that the height of the vertical enclosing structures is reduced. The roof takes on this function without ceasing to fulfill its original purpose.

An attic is an under-roof space that can be equipped as a separate room for living.

In operation, cost savings can be as follows:

1. Decreased space to be heated, consequently, there is a reduction in heating costs, which are an impressive item in the cost of utilities.
2. After the construction is completed, the house must be measured by specialists from the BTI, after which a passport of the object is issued. It is on the basis of the area values ​​\u200b\u200bgiven in it that taxes are calculated and payment is made utilities(subject to connection to centralized systems and the absence of metering devices, which is practically not found now). The area of ​​the attic floor is included in the area of ​​the whole house with coefficients of 0.7 or 0.8 depending on the height outer wall and the angle of inclination of the roof, which allows significant savings throughout the entire life of the facility.

Preparatory stage

It is worth starting construction with the development of a project or diagrams on which the future structure will be drawn. Most often, the roof that is used for the attic floor is gable, but it is also possible to use a hip four-pitched roof. The gable design makes it possible to provide full-fledged windows in the gables.

In the case of using a hip to illuminate the premises, it is possible to install only attic window openings. This option can become more time consuming in terms of installing roof elements and designing interiors. Cost reduction with a hip roof is achieved due to the absence of gables (especially the savings will be noticeable in a brick house, where the cost of materials and the installation of wall fences themselves is quite high).

Do-it-yourself attic construction begins with determining the geometric dimensions and shapes of the roof. Earlier it was already said about the choice of the type of rafter system at home (gable, hip), after which it will be necessary to decide whether the slope will be straight or broken. The broken structure has such disadvantages as increased cost and labor intensity. Its use is justified by the need to increase the height of the room by changing the angle of the roof.

At the design stage, the optimal slope of the roof is determined. Its choice depends on ergonomic considerations and the roofing material used, which imposes limitations.

Before making an attic, it is also necessary to calculate all its load-bearing elements for strength and bending, select the composition of the roof pie, perform thermotechnical calculations and decide on materials. More on this later.

Main bearing elements

The design includes the following components:

1. rafter legs, which transfer the load from the weight of the roofing and the wall to the walls of the house. The section is selected depending on the angle of inclination, span, step and design load. A professional can correctly perform a detailed calculation. For private construction, approximate values ​​\u200b\u200bcan be used, while it is best to provide a small margin.
2. Narozhniki- This rafter legs, which on one or both sides are supported by slanting. The cross section is calculated in the same way as for rafters.
3. Slanted legs- the design used in hip roof. This element serves as a support for the sprigs. The cross section is taken depending on the load and the span, in any case it should be larger than that of the rafter legs.
4. Mauerlat- an element that serves as a support for the stops and transfers the load from the roof to the walls, evenly distributing it. It will be correct to choose a section with dimensions of 100 by 100 or 150 by 150, depending on the complexity of the object. Mauerlat is not installed during the construction of frame and wooden houses, since in this case we play the upper crown of the walls or the strapping in its role.
5. Rigel- a beam, which is also a support for the rafters, but already in the upper part. The crossbar is installed in the ridge of the roof or at the break of the slope, in case of a broken structure. The cross section should be taken depending on the conditions, as a recommended value, dimensions of 200 by 200 mm can be given.
6. Struts, racks, fights – additional elements to unfasten elements. They are used to reduce the cross section of load-bearing structures. Their cross section is most often chosen constructively. At the same time, it is important to take into account the convenience of making connections.

A do-it-yourself mansard roof should be built starting from the selection of sections of all elements of the roof frame. The material for manufacturing is selected taking into account the following conditions:

• wood must be coniferous (pine, spruce, larch);
• material grade - first or second;
• humidity not more than 15%.

Be sure to treat all boards and bars with antiseptic compounds before starting construction.

Thermal engineering calculations

To keep the heat in the house, you will need to choose the thickness of the insulation. Most often, mineral wool is used for attic rooms (more often in slabs than in mats). It is also possible to use polyurethane foam, polystyrene foam, extruded polystyrene foam and ecowool. Having determined what to make the heat-insulating layer from, select its thickness. It is important to consider the height of the rafters. It must always be equal to or greater than the thickness of the thermal insulation. For mineral wool, it will also be necessary to provide a 50 mm ventilation gap between the upper surface of the heat insulator and the roofing. If the cross section of the rafters is small, then in order to fulfill this requirement, a counter-lattice is installed.

Before you build a mansard roof with your own hands, you can calculate it according to heat engineering manually, guided by the Joint Venture "Thermal Protection of Buildings". But it is better to turn to special programs for help. In order to correctly calculate the thickness in the Teremok program (freely available on the network), you need to know the thermal conductivity of the insulation and the area of ​​\u200b\u200bconstruction of the house, the program will find the rest itself.

Do-it-yourself mansard roof is different from the usual pitched roof only with thermal insulation. More layers are also added to the cake to protect the insulation. Below step-by-step instruction will allow you to correctly install the elements mansard roof.

The procedure is as follows:

• fastening the Mauerlat to the wall;
• installation of rafters and systems of struts and racks;
• installation of waterproofing and wind protection;
• crate;
• roofing;
• warming;
• bottom trim.

Assembling the roof frame

Installation begins with a Mauerlat. It is laid on the inner grant of the outer wall. Fastening depends on the material of the load-bearing walls, but in general it can be done in several ways:

• on staples;
• on studs;
• on the anchor.

For fragile materials of the walls of the house, such as aerated concrete and foam concrete, a monolithic belt is made along the edge, which will prevent the destruction of the walls. For wooden and frame houses Mauerlat is not provided.

Next, you need to install the crossbars, if any. After the supporting structures are laid, the rafter legs are laid out. The fastening of the rafters to the Mauerlat can be rigid and articulated. It is better to do it using cutting and fixing metal corners on both sides.

This is a fairly old album, so nails are used as fasteners in all the drawings in it. It is better to replace them with studs. The design of the roof of the house in this regulatory document is shown in great detail, so it is recommended that you familiarize yourself with it before starting work.

Before starting the installation of insulation in the house, it is necessary to ensure its protection from negative influences. environment. To do this, a moisture-windproof membrane is spread over the surface and the crate is fixed. After that, the roofing is mounted, taking into account the recommendations for the selected material. For example, for shingles you need a solid crate, which is most often made of moisture-resistant plywood.

Installation of thermal insulation

To perform the insulation of the house, you need to install a heater without gaps and cracks. For mineral wool, it will be easier to install if the distance between the rafters is 580 or 1180 mm clean. This will allow you to lay the material with a slight expansion, which will prevent cracks.

When using expanded polystyrene, the distance between the plates and rafters is filled with sealant or mounting foam.

After laying the insulation, you need to fix the vapor barrier to it from below. After that, the lower crate and ceiling lining are mounted. For the attic, sheathing with two layers of drywall 12.5 mm thick along the frame is best suited, followed by finishing.

Creating an attic - a popular type of room - with your own hands today is not difficult. Let's look at all the stages of construction, as well as the pros and cons of this design.

Peculiarities

Home is a place where we would like to surround ourselves with comfort, have the opportunity to relax with our families and work. Sometimes this becomes impossible due to lack of square meters. How to make housing spacious and comfortable? Construction technologies have stepped far ahead - resources have appeared that allow you to expand the occupied space with your own hands through extensions. But if there is not enough land, then the attic will be the most successful option!

Currently, this is a fashionable design for private houses. Back in the 17th century, the attic was conceived as a way to expand housing for the poor. And thanks to the French architect Mansard (fr. Mansard), the conversion of roofs into residential apartments has become very popular among the rich. From here, by the way, the name came - attic.

Many people ask the question: "Attic or additional floor?". It is worth clarifying right away that these are two different things. Before choosing one or another option, weigh all the pros and cons, the pros and cons, consider the purpose of your home (dacha or permanent place accommodation), your Family status as well as the budget. It will be much more economical to build an attic than a full-fledged second floor.

In this article, we will tell you how to significantly transform the usable area with minimal investment. And with the implementation of all the necessary activities, you can handle it on your own.

Installation and arrangement of the attic, the facade of which is completely or partially formed by the surface of a sloping roof, is a vast scope for imagination and creativity. So much space shouldn't be wasted! A great studio, office or storage space for unnecessary things will come out here. But isn't it too wasteful to turn precious square meters into a warehouse?

Usually attic space is provided to children who like to be placed on high levels, and besides, low beams for adults often cause some inconvenience. This floor is the last one, and the higher, the better the view, no doubt. The presence of pipes, the proximity to the roof, a remote balcony, a sloping ceiling - all this will become a stylish help for creating an architectural design.

An objective assessment of the specifics and knowledge of the constructive qualities of this type of superstructure give a chance that everything will work out as well as possible, the load-bearing walls and foundation of the house will not be harmed, and the dwelling will last a long time. Believe me, the attic is a very useful thing!

The most successful solution is a frame attic. Before you begin to develop a superstructure plan, you must make sure that the lower floor can withstand the additional load. After all, every person who encounters a building knows that the main building is placed on a supporting structure, which is calculated based on the entire mass of the building. Therefore, at the beginning of construction, it is necessary to make necessary calculations and also check the foundation for cracks or any damage. If necessary, the base will need to be strengthened. At this stage, it is best to turn to professionals.

Based on how the roof is arranged, appearance attic can be different. As a rule, the attic occupies the entire top floor, although sometimes there are options located on one side of the longitudinal axis of the building. It is not often possible to see attics that extend beyond the lower structures.

Most often, the roof is gable or broken. More complex view gable configuration is popular: the roof consists of two planes, as it were. But we will discuss each of them in more detail a little later. Windows, large or small, located on the ceiling let in many times more light than ordinary windows in the rooms on the lower floors.

When choosing a roofing, observe harmony so as not to disturb the combination of the shape of the attic floor and the roof.

You can also immediately insulate the room with SIP panels. As a result, you will get a lightweight construction, which consists of more than 50% of lightweight polystyrene foam, therefore, it does not create a load on walls and ceilings.

There are several design features that cannot be ignored.

• take seriously the thermal insulation, which should be strengthened, because it is the roof that often “suffers” from frequent and sometimes strong temperature changes;
• it is important to make waterproofing conscientiously, so that over time the insulation does not get wet;
• between the thermal insulation layer and the roof, ventilation must be done properly.

Options roof structure must be due to the further construction of thermal insulation, which is placed between the timber rafters and has a thickness of at least 20 cm. The rafters must be at least 25 by 25 cm.

The main indicators of wood that are important for the design of the system are flexural and compressive strength, the desired density and moisture content.

Wooden rafters, in turn, require treatment with antiseptics or fire and bioprotective structures and must have fire resistance limits.

Designers are advised to leave the attic space intact. Nevertheless, if it becomes necessary to separate rooms, then it is better to build partitions using drywall.

Consider also the disadvantages of this type of adjustment:

• due to the sloping roof, unlike the usual floor, the size of the attic area will be smaller;
• the height must be optimal, otherwise there will be problems with closing / opening the doors;
• psychological factor: sometimes it seems to people that there is not enough air, every time you want to bend down, a person may feel discomfort;
• regardless of the type of roofing and even the correct installation of sound insulation, sounds from rain will penetrate into the room;
• it is important to think over the heating system correctly;
• the stairs leading to the attic may be too steep and therefore unsafe.

Design options and materials

Using the advice of experts, carefully develop a future attic project. After that, prepare the design of the attic, as this is not just a certain number of square meters, but the individuality of the facade - the pride of the building. The appearance and interior depends on the methods of coating and materials for the roof.

There are several types of roofing.

Shed

The simplest option, which is a sloping area fixed on load-bearing walls. Advantages: ease of calculation and installation work, due to its low weight, it is suitable for buildings on foundations of a simplified type. Disadvantages: not the most attractive appearance, sensitivity to loads (snow).

gable

One of the most common options. Such a structure consists of two opposite slopes, which lie on the walls of the building that serve as a support and are connected at the top with a ridge. Material investments in gable roof small enough, while it looks aesthetically attractive. The gable roof device includes: rafters, lathing, inclined planes, mauerlat, horizontal ribs, ridge, valleys, overhangs.

broken line

The broken roof structure is a subspecies of the gable roof, but with a more complex configuration. Because of the shape and the presence of broken lines, this name came about. Such a roof gives the house solidity and solidity.

Four-sided or hip

One of the strongest and most resistant strong wind and leaks during precipitation of roofing systems, where two triangular slopes are installed instead of gables. Complex installation is a minus of this design: it requires accuracy in calculating the truss system and installing the frame. For this reason, designing is usually trusted to professionals.

Multi-forceps

Among all the designs, the most complex, but at the same time the most interesting is considered to be multi-forceps. It is characterized by the presence of several gables (from 3 or more). A big plus is the ability to cover several rooms with one level. But in general, this type of attic works mainly on architectural style and design.

The attic part is divided into two types. She may be:

• single-level- enough practical option in execution, which does not require complex development and serious calculations;
• two-level- This is a building that is difficult to erect, the project of which is created immediately together with the house.

Current building technologies make it possible to do in the attic different types balconies. To select the desired design, you should consider the design features of the lower floor. And it doesn't matter if the balcony was already included in the plan, it can be done at the end of all stages of construction.

Most good option location - from the end. In this case, the balcony will resemble a loggia. It is erected together with the attic, which allows you to use part of the roof as a canopy, and the ceiling of the floor as a floor.

Another type of construction is the option when the balcony is located in the roof part. At the stage of roofing, part of the building is left uncovered so that a balcony can be equipped there.

Drawings and calculation

The main parameter when planning the attic floor is the ceiling level, the optimal height of which should be at least 2.5 m. Make a drawing before direct construction, evaluate everything and indicate accurate calculations so that everything can be built accurately. The most ideal option is a broken line gable roof, but then as many bearing supports as possible should be installed for sufficient reliability, since this type of roof increases the pressure on the walls.

Do not forget to include the ventilation system in the calculations, as well as windows and furnace heating pipes, if any.

The height of the superstructure itself has no limit, but the lower ends must be at least 90 cm.

The plan should contain all the information about the shape features, geometric dimensions and slope angles of the slopes.

After the exact calculation of the mansard roof truss system is completed, you should purchase all necessary materials and prepare the roof. Only after that, you can start building.

Do-it-yourself attic manufacturing steps

It is very important to choose the design and style of the interior at the initial stage, as well as decide on the materials for decoration. You should listen to the opinion of professional designers who advise using only high-quality raw materials. We will guide you step by step through all stages of construction.

Roof

So, the first stage is the development of a project for a new future roof in an old room. It does not matter whether it is single-pitched, double-pitched or broken, without a doubt, the appearance of the result will directly depend on the structural properties of the roof, as well as the raw materials used. Make a diagram in different perspectives to better understand how to place the elements of the truss system. The most important thing is to accurately calculate the height of the roof ridge, because the size of the area under it depends on it.

We take the height of the ridge about 3.5 m - with the independent construction of the frame, which allows you to straighten up to your full height.

It is important to remember that in order to build a frame with your own hands, you must be aware of the existence of two types of truss systems: inclined and hanging. They differ from each other by the method of attaching nodes to the walls.

In houses where there is no load-bearing wall, the mechanism of hanging rafters will be used, which will be held only on the walls of the house and connected to each other with nails or screws using corner plates. In this case, the width of a single-span building, where this particular type of rafters is assumed, cannot exceed 6 m. If the parameters of the house are larger, for example, when the span width exceeds 9 m, then you have to do large quantity struts.

In two-span houses, where there is only an average supporting wall, layered rafters are made. In this case, the three base points (two on the outer walls of the house and one on the inside) depend on the width of the building: more than 10 m - one support, and with a width of about 15 m, two supports will be needed. The rafters are attached to each other with the help of corner plates. The crate itself is made of slats or boards.

Steam and thermal insulation are key steps in creating an attic. A membrane-type film is laid on top of the crate, which will protect against moisture penetration, and with inside glass wool for insulation.

The next stage is the installation of the roof, interior processing and design of walls and partitions, as well as the installation of windows.

As we have already mentioned above, the most successful will be the use of metal tiles or corrugated board as a material for roofing.

floors

First, take care of sound and thermal insulation from the floor below. This task can be accomplished in several ways: backfilling of expanded clay or laying mineral wool slabs. Both methods involve protection from moisture with hydrofilms. Also pay attention to the wooden floors. Here, the insulation is performed with dressing of the seams of the insulation and beams.

Choose the flooring of your choice. It can be ceramic, parquet or laminate.

Window

Windows for the attic - quite laborious, although worth it process, so consider if you can do it alone. In fact, they do not differ much from facade ones, but there is one serious difference - a special type of opening. In addition, during installation, you will have to disassemble the metal tile, while trying to maintain waterproofing. But this is not scary, because it is thanks to the windows that the room becomes much lighter and more spacious!

It is very important to know that if snow and ice are not cleared regularly, the window may be subject to temperature changes, so it is important to select models according to the climate in which you live.

Heating selection

For a comfortable stay and use of the premises, you also need to take care of heating the attic. It should not only maintain and retain heat inside, but also be safe and economical.

All details must be taken into account early stages design. We bring to your attention several methods of heating the attic floor.

• Fireplace. Efficient, comfortable and completely safe way.
• If your house already has a heating system on the ground floor, then you only need to install additional pipes and batteries.

• Installation of an independent heating system only for the attic - the most correct solution. It is possible to install absolutely any heating boilers, while observing necessary measures security. But more comfortable - turbocharged gas boilers, not requiring a separate room. They are wall mounted and very easy to use.
• "Warm floor". To create a comfortable microclimate in the room, you can install underfloor heating. This can be done both with your own hands and with the help of specialists. In any case, this is a fairly economical option.

Important point- Proper arrangement of ventilation. Only in this way will attic heating work well.

Warming and ventilation

Since the attic has the largest area of ​​​​contact with the street, compared to the lower floors, its insulation should be taken very carefully. Today the market offers a variety of insulating materials. However, when solving this problem regarding full-fledged thermal insulation and vapor barrier for the house, do not forget about the main conditions, and then this will not only reduce heat loss and heating costs at home, but also protect the ceiling and walls from dampness, rot and sputum, the formation of ice on the roof . The choice of materials for roofing cake» must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP.

When you choose a finish in a store, focus primarily on the characteristics of your home. For example, where it is hot in summer and frosty in winter, the insulation must be resistant to external circumstances. Therefore, one of the main conditions will be thickness. The colder, the denser it should be, and, conversely, if you live in the south, where the temperature practically does not drop below zero in winter, you can choose a thinner material.

The most versatile and most budgetary - based on mineral wool, polystyrene foam is used less often. Sometimes it is possible to use a heat-insulating layer consisting of modern filling agents or materials in the form of a liquid sprayed onto the walls and solidifying into a solid form. In all these cases, the roof will come out no less stable.

With the correct assembly of the "roofing pie", the design of which consists of metal tiles or corrugated board, battens, waterproofing membrane, truss system, properly equipped under-roof space ventilation is sure to extend the life of your roof. Never play the lottery "will carry it - will not carry it", but "wind it on your mustache" the advice of experts.

To create a beautiful and cozy living space, you can use wood as a finishing material from the inside, different kinds composite panels, HPL panels (or in Russian LVD - high pressure laminate). No less popular is the attic, decorated with your own hands using drywall sheets (gypsum plasterboard).

Roofing should be made of lightweight materials: corrugated board, metal tiles and similar materials able to lighten the weight of the mechanism, taking into account the load that will be transferred to an existing building.

To begin with - before altering the attic - you need to make drawings and draw up an estimate. This way you will see in advance what difficulties you will face.

It is not easy to develop a plan for a mansard roof alone: ​​certain knowledge and skills in designing and carrying out specific calculations are important here. You can’t make mistakes: then the structure of the building will be unreliable, and besides, it can damage the overall building. Although if the idea is not too complicated, then you can do it yourself.

Everything must be included in the estimate: from the beginning of construction to the design of the premises.

Partitions

One of the easiest tasks that you can definitely do with your own hands is the device interior partitions. Usually, drywall and metal profiles are used for these purposes. Everything is done quickly and at minimal cost.

The design is simple: a frame, and gypsum boards are attached to it. At the end, the lining of the partition is made. To do this, you can use lining, block house, imitation timber or even plywood with wallpaper - a matter of taste.

Finishing work

After warming the attic, you should think about finishing. Of course, it all depends on how you will use this room. The peculiar geometry provides excellent prospects for creative design solutions. Immediately, we note that the finishing process is a complex of tasks, each of which has its own function. Let's take a closer look at finishing materials.

• The most popular material plastic lining . Advantages: uniqueness, budget, environmental friendliness. The installation of the board can be different: diagonally or in a circle, horizontal or vertical. Of the minuses, it is worth noting fragility and, perhaps, weak resistance to negative factors.

• Not the most expensive material plywood sheet. Covering the walls with them is quite easy. It also has excellent sound and heat insulating properties; no pre-leveling of the surface is required before installation.
• Finishing the attic with drywall will allow to embody the most original design solutions: it can be used to create dropped ceilings, arches and even columns. At the same time, this material easily absorbs moisture, which is its negative side. But if you choose a special type that is resistant to moisture, then this finish will last you a very long time.

So, let's sum up and summarize the above.

To design a beautiful and high-quality attic you will need:

• careful design of the future extension;
• strengthening load-bearing walls and foundation;
• roof removal;
• erection of the frame (it will be easy enough for you to assemble it with your own hands);
• roof insulation, waterproofing;
• window installation;
• interior decoration and insulation.

With excessive savings, as practice shows, the house can eventually turn out to be of poor quality and unattractive. Therefore, choose materials wisely, take into account the recommendations of experts, consult relatives and friends, as well as those who already have similar experience.

By finishing the attic, you can significantly expand the useful area of ​​\u200b\u200ba private house. The room can be used for various purposes: to be an office, a bedroom or a children's room. It is only necessary to choose the right option for finishing the attic with your own hands. Photo ready-made solutions allows you to find an idea for the next implementation. We invite you to get acquainted, as well as the sequence of finishing work.

The main difference between the attic and the attic is their purpose. The attic is a living space located under the pitched. The attic belongs to the technical premises. May be warm or cold. The attic room should be well insulated and have.

TO design features attic space clear requirements are not presented. The attic must have a ceiling height of at least 2.5 m. From the point where the roof slope meets the wall, the distance should not be less than 1.5 m.

The cost of finishing the attic and attic space is significantly different. Attic decoration is much more expensive than attic equipment. Here it is necessary not only to perform thermal insulation work, but also. Attic finishing options are similar to those used in the design of any residential premises.

Attention! The living area of ​​a private house includes the quadrature of the attic. The area of ​​the attic does not count.

How to equip an attic in a country house - basic rules, the choice of attic floor design

The arrangement and decoration of the attic is resorted to in case of a lack of living space. The room is quite specific, so you should competently approach the design of the attic. Photos of completed projects can be used as an idea for subsequent implementation. With their help, you can more rationally dispose of the existing quadrature by providing special niches or auxiliary rooms. How to equip an attic in country house? The answer will depend on the chosen purpose of the room, as well as on the preferred finish option. In case of choice difficult option, not all work can be done by hand.

Attic floor design: basic development rules

Considering that the room will be residential, regardless of the chosen finishing option, you should start with insulation and installation. The latter will significantly reduce the available area, which should be taken into account when developing an option for finishing the attic with your own hands. The before and after photos are proof of this.

Unused space can be arranged in the form of niches by placing various household appliances. In low places, you can install either. If it is uncomfortable to stand in this zone, sitting or lying down, you can feel quite comfortable. Finishing should be done based on the destination.

Particularly noteworthy are the Decoration Materials. They should not only have a beautiful appearance, but also be light, especially if in an attic with a slope. Photos presented in the manufacturers' catalogs will always allow you to choose the appropriate option.

When starting to lay the topcoat, you should properly prepare the base so that during operation floor covering there were no problems. A special substrate is laid under parquet or laminate. It will improve the soundproofing of the attic, adding softness to the floating floor. Cement with a reinforcing mesh is poured under the tile.

Finishing the attic with a sloping roof - photos, nuances

What will the interior be like? attic space with a sloping roof, largely depends on the preferences of the owners and the purpose of a particular room. Finishing with materials made from natural wood is considered universal. It is acceptable to use if it has been previously performed rough finish walls.

House with broken roof allows you to use the attic as a full-fledged room. For this, a suspended structure is mounted. Let's install. We offer you to see a photo of the attic finish with a sloping roof.

Finishing the attic floor with your own hands - the main stages

Before the beginning interior decoration Some preparations are being made. Particular attention is paid to the device and execution. If the room is already in operation, the order of work will depend on the previously performed insulation. We offer you to see a master class with a photo of the attic decoration wooden house inside, including several stages.

Room preparation

To make the room functional, you should figure out when it is advisable to equip the attic in a wooden house. Photos of completed projects indicate that buildings with a sloping roof are preferred: one slope is left flat, the second is made steep.

The need for thermal insulation work is determined. If at the construction stage the house was not insulated from the outside, the insulation is laid from the inside into the roof and walls.

Frame installation

Finishing the attic begins with the installation of the frame. Depending on the weight of the materials used, preference may be given to a wooden or metal frame. For work you will need:

• roulette;
• suspensions.

When installing metal frame you need to prepare a knife. After marking and cutting the structural elements to size, guides are attached around the entire perimeter. Every 0.6 m, vertical profiles are fastened with self-tapping screws.

Wooden beams are thoroughly dried before installation. Their quality is checked: the surface should not be black, blue, mold traces. A special composition is applied that slows down the process of decay. Installation in progress wooden beams. Self-tapping screws are used to fasten the elements.

Warming and waterproofing

As a heat insulator for residential premises can be used various materials. When doing do-it-yourself work, mineral wool is very popular. If the waterproofing layer has already been laid at the stage of roofing, the insulation is performed in the following sequence:

Photo	Description of works
	We prepare a sufficient amount of mineral wool of the required thickness, depending on the location of the house with an attic.
	We determine the distance between the elements of the truss system.
	We cut the heater to size.
	To form a smooth cut line, it is worth using a template, which can be a board or plywood of a suitable shape and size.
	Stepping back 5 cm from the edge, we mark up for T-shaped fasteners for metal guides.
	We mark the attachment points of the T-shaped fasteners. They should be located every 40 cm.
	We fix the T-shaped guides, carefully controlling their spatial position.
	We install a metal profile, check the quality of its fastening and then remove it.
	We lay between the beams mineral wool. There should be a gap between the roof and the insulation layer to ensure natural ventilation.
	To improve the quality of thermal insulation, we lay mineral wool of smaller thickness on top of a thick layer of insulation.
	We install the metal guides in place.
	We attach double-sided tape to each metal guide.
	We cut the vapor barrier material, which will be attached to the metal profile using a double-sided layer.
	Remove the protective layer from the tape.
	We evenly distribute the material over the entire surface of the roof, fixing it with adhesive tape.
	From above, we additionally glue a layer of adhesive tape, rolling it out and pressing it with a roller.
	At the junction of the slope and the wall, we fix the material with brackets.
	Similarly, we carry out the insulation of walls and gables.

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