Reactive wood burning stoves. Wood rocket stoves, their varieties and assembly. Stages of construction of a jet furnace with a bench

Not so long ago, very compact portable Robinson ovens appeared on the market, designed for cooking in field conditions: hunting, fishing, in the country. No matter how much it costs, making it yourself is much cheaper: it will take several pieces of square pipe, a small piece sheet steel for the blower door, rods for the manufacture of legs and grate. Everything is so simple that with a little experience in welding, it can be welded in a couple of hours. In the article, we will publish the available drawings, show several options for finished furnaces indicating the dimensions and materials used, and post a video lesson on the principles of their construction. Based on these materials, you can make a Robinson oven with your own hands.

Rocket furnaces are attractive due to their simplicity of design and efficiency. But, behind the seeming simplicity, there is an exact calculation. It is very undesirable to deviate in size: everything will stop working at all or fuel combustion will be extremely inefficient.

General principles

The portable portable oven "Robinson" was made on the basis of a heating rocket stove. The same principle is applied: firewood burns in the bunker-fuel compartment, the fire, due to the air flow, enters the combustion zone - a horizontal section of the pipe and partially rises up the chimney. First, until the furnace is warmed up, all the energy is spent on heating the chimney. Then, when it warms up, gases from high temperatures ignite again, secondary combustion of gases occurs. The modernized ones are arranged according to the same principle.

In the Robinson oven, everything is a little simpler: we do not need to heat the room. Its main task is to heat water and cook food. But the principles remain the same: the fire should heat up the chimney, and its length should be enough to burn the gases. Therefore, for normal performance, adhere to the following proportions:

The length of the chimney must be at least 2 lengths of the horizontal (inclined) section.
The height of the fuel compartment is approximately equal to the length of the horizontal section. Therefore, in the Robinson furnace, the firebox is made at an angle of 45 °, although the fuel compartment can be located at an angle of 90 °, but it is not very convenient to lay fuel in this way.
The cross section of the chimney should not be less than the dimensions of the firebox.

Robinson oven device: drawings and dimensions

In the original "Robinson" is welded from profile pipe 150*100 mm. Homemade similar stoves are made from a pipe of close diameter. Sometimes the fuel compartment is made from a piece of a profile pipe, and the chimney is made from a round one. At the same time, it is important that the cross section of the chimney is not less than that of the firebox, otherwise reverse draft may occur.

Below we lay out the drawings of the Robinson rocket furnace, indicating the most common sizes: profile pipe 150 * 150 mm, firebox 30 cm long, chimney not less than 60 cm. In general, with this size of the firebox, it can be up to 90 cm, but bearing in mind that this is still a hiking option, we indicate the minimum possible length.

A drawing of a Robinson rocket furnace for making do-it-yourself drawings

The legs are made of threaded rod, installed in place and tightened with nuts. This option is the most compact, but unscrewing / screwing the legs to the smoked iron is not the best thing to do. Alternative support options: steel sheet welded to the bottom or stationary legs. They do not need to be screwed, but they take up more space in the trunk.

In case of original oven Robinson, it does not provide a combustion air supply channel and there is no cover for combustion adjustment. In home-made ones, there is improvement: in the lower part of the fuel compartment, a plate is welded, ending with a grate. Fuel is placed on this plate. The slot at the bottom allows oxygen to be supplied directly to the combustion zone. To regulate the intensity of combustion, a damper cover is welded to the fuel compartment. In size, it is slightly wider than the fuel compartment (156.4 mm in the drawing with a firebox width of 140 mm). It should not completely cover it - otherwise the fire will die out. They make it smaller in size than the firebox or build in a slide gate.

Do-it-yourself Robinson oven: two photos and three video options

Craftsmen make small camping rocket ovens from different pieces of metal. In the photo below you see what happened - a finished Robinson oven, made by craftsmen from Penza with their own hands. Three small sections of a profile pipe 160 * 160 mm were used, from which the furnace compartment was welded. Its total length turned out to be 40 cm. A single piece of pipe 120 * 120 mm 60 cm long was used for the chimney. In the furnace, the ash pan is welded from 8 mm sheet metal and 12 mm steel bar. Instead of legs, a metal plate is welded: thickness 8 mm, dimensions 180*350 mm.

This is the finished Robinson oven and what the master welded it from (To increase the size of the picture, click on it with the left mouse button)

According to the author: a melted stove burns well, does not smoke or act up. Only before loading with "serious" fuel: branches and chips, it needs to be heated with paper, hay, dry grass or very thin branches. When the pipe warms up, you can lay more “thick firewood”.

Difficulties with kindling a cold furnace are generally characteristic of rocket furnaces. In this case, we also have a narrowed chimney, which makes kindling more problematic.

The second version of a home-made rocket-type camp stove is made of two profile pipes: 160 * 160 mm 30 cm long for the furnace and 120 * 120 mm 60 cm long for the chimney (it is better to take no smaller section - the draft will be better). 5 mm steel was used for the ash pan, door and stand. The ash pan is cut to half the length of the firebox, reinforcing bars of 12 mm in diameter are welded to the plate. The lid does not reach the ash pan plate by about 2 cm; a large diameter nut is used instead of a handle. Base plate dimensions 20*30 cm.

Do-it-yourself Robinson oven materials and manufacturing process (To increase the size of the picture, click on it with the left mouse button)

To make it convenient to put the dishes and so that the smoke has somewhere to go, balls from the CV joint are welded at the corners of the pipe. This option turned out to be more convenient than the one proposed in the original (three rings welded together) - you can put dishes with a round bottom on such a stove - a cauldron, for example. Hunters and fishermen most often have this utensil, and not pans with a flat bottom. The kettle also becomes excellent: three liters of water in it boils in 20 minutes. The heat is sufficient for frying meat and other cooking tasks.

Portable oven Robinson: testing in the garage and on a three-day hunt (To increase the size of the picture, click on it with the left mouse button)

This video is about two rocket ovens: the familiar homemade Robinson and a mini-stove made from tin cans. different diameter. This mini-stove works on the same principle, but the dimensions are more than compact.

And this video story is for those who want to make a heating and cooking rocket stove. It was also made according to the type of Robinson furnace, but with a heat-insulated casing.

If it is planned to make a rocket furnace from a gas cylinder, then you can not be afraid of difficulties. The steps to create equipment from such building materials are quite simple:

from a cylinder with a volume of 50 liters, the upper part is cut off in order to build a kind of cap;
The balloon is cut at the top and bottom
focusing on the instructions in the drawing, all parts of the product are welded to each other, that is gas bottle, a pipe with a diameter of 10 cm (future chimney), a pipe with a diameter of 7 cm (internal channel) and another pipe with a diameter of 15 cm (firebox);
Dimensions are in mm
the space between the two pipes is filled with a material that retains heat, for example, sand, which has been carefully calcined, that is, cleaned of organic substances;
legs are welded to give stability to the structure.

To build a rocket stove with a stove bench, which involves the use of bricks, you need to act differently:

The area for arranging the firebox is deepened by removing 10 cm of soil. The combustion chamber is formed from fireclay bricks. A formwork is created along the contour of the manufactured structure. To make the base strong, it is recommended to lay a reinforcing mesh or metal bars in it;
The platform will harden in about two days
The structure is poured with liquid concrete. Then they wait for the solution to harden, and finish the job. Bricks are laid in a continuous line, creating a platform for the furnace. After that, the walls of the structure are formed, exposing several rows of brick blocks;
They equip the lower channel of the structure, while one line of bricks is laid across to block the combustion chamber. The blocks are placed, leaving the vertical channel and the opening of the firebox open;
Two sectors of the furnace at this stage of construction must be open
They find a body from an old boiler and cut off the top and bottom covers on it. At the bottom of the resulting pipe, a flange is installed through which a horizontal heat exchanger will pass. Parts need to be connected to each other with a continuous weld;
Work requires diligence
An outlet pipe is inserted into the barrel, after which they take a brush for metal and scrape rust from the walls of the container. The cleaned barrel is treated with a primer, and a little later - with a paint that is resistant to impact. high temperature;
The horizontal chimney is connected by welding to the side outlet - the future ash pan. To facilitate its cleaning, a sealed flange is mounted;
Spread the flame tube of refractory bricks. At the same time, a channel with a height and width of 18 cm is formed inside the structure. While doing this, they constantly use the building level, which allows you to control the verticality of the product;
The height of the pipe is predetermined
The flame tube is covered with a protective casing, and the resulting gaps are clogged with perlite. The lower area of the vertical channel is sealed with wet clay, the function of which is to prevent the heat-insulating material from spilling onto the floor;
From the boiler, on which the top and bottom were cut off, a fuel tank is formed. A handle must be welded to it;
To improve the appearance, the structure is treated with adobe putty, consisting of sawdust and raw clay. The first component of the composition serves in the same way as crushed stone in concrete, that is, it prevents cracking of the furnace walls. It is recommended to apply adobe putty on top of perlite backfill;
They create the facade of the furnace, for which the furnace circuit is laid out of stone, bricks, adobe and sand. The wrong side of the structure is filled with crushed stone, and the front side is filled with adobe mixture, which makes the surface perfectly even;
A casing made of a metal barrel is placed on the previously created base. The lower branch pipe of the tank is directed towards the bench. The bottom of the structure is treated with raw clay, which will ensure its tightness;
A channel is brought to the combustion chamber from corrugated pipe. It will serve as a link between the firebox and the atmosphere from the outside;
At this stage, the oven looks almost finished.
A test kindling of the furnace is carried out, looking at how the gases are removed from the horizontal chimney. After that, the heat exchanger pipes are connected to the lower branch pipe installed on the red brick platform;
The furnace is supplemented with a pipe for removing smoke. The junction of the chimney and the heat generator is sealed with refractory coating and asbestos cord;
Using clay and adobe, the couch is given the desired shape. Only the horizontal section of the structure is left unsealed, which will then be used during cooking.
The furnace functions as a whole system

Reactive device with a warm bed

One of the variations of such heating units is a rocket stove with a berth. It is based on the same principle of pyrolysis. The difference lies in the design of the heat exchanger itself. The long channels of the device are made of non-combustible materials and are interconnected. This design is placed under the plane of the bed.

The ledge itself is a surface made of clay, stone or brick, inside which hot air circulates through the channels of the heat exchanger. During the operation of the jet furnace, the gas obtained by pyrolysis moves through the pipes under the bench, gives off heat and is discharged through the chimney located on the street. Its height reaches 3000-3500 mm.

The furnace device with a firebox is located near one of the edges of the bench. Often there is also a hob, with which a homemade rocket stove can also be used for cooking.

The stone or clay surface of the couch is covered wooden deck or a mat of bamboo or straw. This is necessary for the comfort of the user, because the couch serves as a bed at night, and during the day as a seat. The peoples of Asia traditionally used a rocket stove for eating, equipping the stove bench with a special low table.

It is important to note that this type of furnace device consumes fuel resources quite economically. To heat the unit, an armful of medium-sized dry branches is enough

Due to the fact that the brick rocket stove retains heat for a long time, having heated it once in the evening, you can enjoy the comfort created all night without worrying about the next fuel tab.

The easiest way is to make a small portable oven with your own hands - a Robinson rocket, whose drawing is presented below. You will need trimming of profile pipes, metal for legs and stands, as well as welding skills. Moreover, compliance exact dimensions indicated in the drawing is not necessary. You can take pipes of a different section, you just need to reduce or increase them proportionally so that the parts fit together.

Drawing of an improved Robinson camping stove with nozzles from a profile pipe, cut lengthwise into 2 parts

Note

Please note that the drawing shows a design improved by our expert. As befits a rocket, improvised nozzles are attached to it, where secondary air enters for afterburning, which enters the pipe through a series of holes

Due to this modernization, the intensity of combustion is noticeably increased. For more information about the operation of a compact wood stove, see the video:

The most common options for large rocket stoves are made from a gas cylinder or a 200-liter metal barrel. It must be understood that these finished elements are used as an outer cap, and the internal parts of the stove must be made from pipes of a smaller diameter or laid out from fireclay bricks. Moreover, from the cylinder you can make both a stationary heater with a small bench, and a unit that can be moved.

It should be noted right away that it is quite difficult to calculate the thermal power of a rocket-type furnace, since there is no single methodology for this. It is easier to rely on ready-made drawings of already working samples and assemble according to them. It is only necessary to compare the dimensions of the future stove with the dimensions of the heated room. For example, the size of a cylinder is enough to heat a small room, in other cases it is better to take a large barrel. The selection of internal parts for them is shown in the diagram:

Balloon Rocket Furnace

In addition to the gas cylinder itself, to assemble the stove you will need:

profile pipe 150 x 150 mm for the firebox and the hopper;
steel pipes with a diameter of 70 and 150 mm will go to the internal vertical channel;
the same with a diameter of 100 mm for the chimney;
insulation (basalt fiber with a density of at least 100 kg / m³);
sheet metal 3 mm thick.

For a master who owns welding, this work will not present any particular difficulty. At the cylinder, cut off the upper part along the seam, having previously turned out the valve and filled it to the top with water. On the sides, openings are cut out on both sides for the installation of a firebox and a chimney tie-in. The profile pipe is inserted and connected to a vertical channel, which is brought out through the bottom of the cylinder. Further work on the manufacture of the rocket furnace is carried out in accordance with the drawing:

At the end, the upper part must be welded into place, then carefully check all the seams for permeability so that air does not enter uncontrollably into the furnace. After that, you can attach a chimney with a water jacket (if any) and start testing.

Important. To create sufficient traction, the top of the pipe must be raised above the level of the firebox to a height of 4 m

Brick rocket-type heater masonry

This version of the stove will require the cost of buying fireclay bricks; a regular ceramic one for a rocket stove will not work. Masonry is carried out on a solution of chamotte clay, this is also commercially available. First you need to dig a hole, tamp the bottom and fill the foundation with dimensions of 1200 x 400 mm and a height of 100 mm, as shown in the photo:

After hardening, the foundation is covered with a sheet of basalt cardboard and the combustion chamber, the firewood hopper and the vertical channel are being laid. From the end of the combustion chamber, a door is installed for cleaning the ash pan. When the clay has dried, the pit is filled up, and a pre-selected pipe or a small barrel with a diameter of 450 mm is put on the vertical channel. The gap between the brickwork and the pipe walls is filled with refractory insulation, for example, basalt wool.

At the last stage, a cap made of a large metal barrel with a diameter of 600 mm is put on the structure. Previously, a cutout is made in its upper part and a pipe is placed for connecting the chimney. When the barrel turns over, he will just be at the bottom. Further - a matter of technology, you can take the chimney immediately outside or build another stove bench with smoke turns. For this purpose, an ordinary ceramic brick and a clay-sand mortar will already fit. ordering brickwork a rocket stove with a small bench is shown in detail in the video:

Making a Rocket Furnace

The easiest way is to make it easy camp stove shown in the drawing, finding in household the following materials:

round steel pipe with a diameter of 133-150 mm and a length of 0.5 m;
pipe profile section 14 x 20 cm, length 0.4 m;
metal sheet 2-3 mm thick for grate;
bar Ø8-10 mm for legs;
scraps of iron on a stand.

The vertical round pipe is welded to the profile pipe at an angle of 45 °, then eyelets for the legs are attached to the body (they should be easily removed). A grate is placed inside the inclined firebox, a lid is attached outside. For the convenience of cleaning the ash below, it is desirable to install a second door.

Advice. Be sure to weld a stand to the upper cut of the fire channel - gases must penetrate between the bottom of the dish and the body, otherwise there will be no “rocket” thrust.

Drawing of an improved version of a portable furnace

The design of the furnace can be improved by organizing the supply of secondary air inside the flame tube. Modernization will increase the efficiency and duration of burning firewood. Drill holes on the sides on both sides, covering them with rocket "nozzles" according to the drawing. How this stove works is shown in the video:

From a gas bottle

The following materials will be used to make a furnace - rockets with their own hands:

pipes round section transverse dimensions 70 and 150 mm; with a wall thickness of 4 mm;
square corrugated pipe 150-200 mm in diameter;
chimney pipe Ø10-15 cm;
low-carbon steel (grade St20) sheet;
dense basalt wool (80-120 kg / m3) or bulk fire-resistant materials, for example, vermiculite or perlite gravel.

To begin with, cut the rolled metal into blanks in accordance with the drawing. Then you need to saw off the lid of the propane cylinder, after unscrewing the valve and filling the tank to the top with water. The tool is an ordinary grinder with a circle for metal.

Further assembly technology is as follows:

Cut the corrugated pipe lengthwise, stepping back from the edge of 35 mm. One part will go to the manufacture of an ash pan, the second - a blower.
Join the firebox and the flame tube at an angle of 90°, making the appropriate cutouts. Cut an opening at the top of the combustion chamber where the hopper will be welded.
Weld the riser with the firebox, then put on a casing from a 150 mm pipe, making a cutout below the width of the combustion chamber.
Install and scald the firewood bunker. Fasten the doors of the firebox and ash pan.
Pour perlite sand between the walls of the afterburner and the shell.
In the balloon, make a side opening to insert finished structure. The lid is best made removable.
Make the final assembly and weld the chimney pipe.

The master will tell you in detail about the manufacture of a rocket stove from a cylinder in a video:

from brick

The simplest rocket stove for cooking can be built from bricks without the use of mortar, as shown in the diagram with orders. Such a structure is easy to disassemble and move if necessary.

A rocket stove with a bench should be placed on a foundation made of concrete or rubble stone. Material - ceramic or refractory bricks, sand-clay or fireclay mortar, respectively. The finished base is covered with roofing material for the purpose of waterproofing, then a solid first row of bricks is laid. Further order work looks like this:

Lay out the firebox, placing the bricks "on edge". Similarly, cover the chamber, leaving the mouth for loading firewood and riser.
Build an afterburner tube with 9 rows of stones placed edge-on with a bandage.
Put a pipe or tin buckets on the riser, fill the resulting cavity with insulation or ordinary sand.
Place the barrel upside down with the flue gas outlet at the bottom.
Fold a brick couch from 3-4 horizontal channels.
Coat the barrels and benches with clay mortar.

Important. The construction is carried out in compliance with the rules of masonry, painted

The length of the smoke channels inside the couch is limited by the draft in the rocket furnace and the external chimney. It is better to keep the total length of the flues within 4 m. To prevent the heater from smoking back into the room, raise the top of the chimney to a height of 5 m, counting from the grate. How to build a brick stove - a rocket without a barrel, look at the video:

Device and principle of operation

Rocket furnaces have practically nothing to do with the design of rocket engines or jet turbines. On the contrary, they are extremely simple structurally, in contrast to the above devices. The similarity is noticeable only in a quietly noisy flame and high combustion temperature - all this is observed after the stove enters the operating mode.

Consider the device of rocket furnaces - they consist of the following elements:

Firebox - a vertical or horizontal area in which firewood burns;
Combustion chamber (it is also a flame tube, riser) - here the process of fuel combustion occurs with the release of a large amount of heat;
Blower - necessary for the correct operation of the stove and starting the process of burning pyrolysis gases;
Thermal insulation - envelops the vertical part, forming a drum together with the body;
Bed - used for its intended purpose;
Chimney - removes combustion products into the atmosphere, creating traction;
The support under ware - provides unhindered exit of heat.

Depending on the type of rocket furnace, certain elements may be missing.

Rocket furnaces with vertical fireboxes (fuel bunkers) and blowers have the greatest efficiency and convenience - large volumes of fuel are placed here, which ensures long-term combustion.

The most important part of the rocket furnace is the vertical drum. It is in it that the highest temperature is observed, since flames break out here.

In order for it to start working, it must be thoroughly warmed up. Without this, the combustion process will be weak. To warm up, paper, cardboard, small chips or thin branches are placed in the firebox. As soon as the system warms up, the flame in the drum will begin to burn out with a buzz, which is a sign that the operating mode has been reached.

A rocket (jet) stove without a blower burns wood in a direct way. It is simpler, but less efficient. The blower model supplies secondary air to the base of the riser, which causes intense combustion of combustible pyrolysis gases. This increases the efficiency of the unit.

Fireboxes in rocket furnaces are located horizontally or vertically (at any angle). Horizontal fireboxes are not very convenient, since the firewood in them has to be moved to the combustion zone manually, independently. Vertical combustion chambers are more convenient - we load fuel into them and go about our business. As the logs burn, they will fall down, independently moving towards the combustion zone.

Features of the operation of the rocket furnace

Before loading the main fuel, the furnace must be warmed up. This is more about large and multifunctional rocket ovens. In them, without preheating, thermal energy will be used for nothing.
To accelerate the furnace, dry paper, wood shavings, and straw are placed in an open blower. Sufficient heating of the furnace can be determined by the hum in the furnace, which subsequently subsides. Then, the main fuel is put into the heated rocket stove, which is ignited by the accelerating fuel.
At the beginning of the combustion of the main fuel, the blower door is opened completely. After a while, as the stove rumble appears, the blower is covered until the rumble is replaced by a whisper. In the future, to assess the state of combustion of the furnace, it is also necessary to focus on the “stove sound”, slightly opening the blower door when it subsides and covering it when a rumble occurs.
The larger the reaction furnace, the smaller the inflow opening fresh air necessary. It is advisable to use a separate blower in such a furnace.
The adjustment of the power of the furnace operation can occur only due to the amount of fuel put in, but not due to the air supply.
When making a large rocket furnace on your own, its bunker should be made with a tight-fitting lid, without gaps and cracks. Otherwise, a stable operating mode of the furnace will not be ensured, which is fraught with the consumption of excess fuel energy.
Contrary to popular belief, a rocket stove for a bath is not suitable for installation, since the stove does not emit enough infrared radiation, which is necessary for heating walls and returning convection to air masses in bath conditions. The rocket stove for a bath, theoretically, can only be installed using the Shirokov-Khramtsov stove type, the characteristics of which are given below.
A rocket stove for a garage is a mobile version of a stove design that can quickly heat up a room. The main element is a heating tank from a pipe.

Fuel types

At correct assembly and operation, the rocket stove can be fired with any type of solid fuel, wood and its waste. For example, branches, leaves, firewood, coal, corn stalks, cones, pieces of chipboard, pieces of furniture. It is possible to load fuel into the furnace both in dry and raw form. This is especially true for its operation in natural conditions, where it is not always possible to find dry raw materials.

Types of stoves for different operating conditions

A rocket stove with a water circuit, brick or metal, can replace the boiler. The heat exchanger here is arranged in the upper part of the flame tube in the form of a surrounding water jacket. Jumpers are located inside the jacket for more efficient heat removal to the coolant. The design is extremely simple, it can heat households up to several tens of square meters.

A rocket stove for a garage can be made from an old pot-bellied gas bottle or barrel. To do this, two holes are made in the selected container - one in the top cover, and the other on the side surface. An L-shaped pipe is inserted inside. With little experience with a welding machine, all work will take you a maximum of half an hour.

You can also make an oven of the above-described rocket type from pieces of a square and metal pipe according to the above drawing.

Also, the heating rocket stove "Ognivo-Kozyain" is suitable for heating the garage. This is a shop model made of corrugated aluminum pipe and ordinary sheet iron. It works approximately according to the same scheme and allows you to warm a garage up to 30 square meters. m.

There are no drawings of her in the public domain yet, so you can try to assemble the Flint stove with your own hands based on her photograph. It can also be purchased from the manufacturer's website.

We have already said that a rocket stove will be required to heat large households. long burning with water line. A small household from one room can be heated with a simple stove with a stove bench - this way you save space on furniture. It consists of the following nodes:

Firebox with vertical loading - logs are placed in it;
Afterburner - a horizontal section in front of the riser (flame tube), pyrolysis combustion takes place here;
Riser with a hob - a vertical section with a metal case that gives off heat to the room;
Horizontal channels - they heat the stove bench, after which the combustion products are sent to the chimney.

A rocket stove for heating a house from one room is coated with clay to make a flat and comfortable bed - here you can lay a mattress or a small blanket.

For field use, the simplest rocket-type furnaces made of metal pipes are used. They are compact, easy to kindle and extinguish, cool quickly and allow you to quickly cook dinner on outdoors. The main thing is not to overdo it with the amount of fuel loaded, so as not to burn the food with a high-temperature flame.

Operating principle

Despite the simplicity of the design, the rocket oven involves the use of two principles of operation at once:

free flow of wood gases through the channels;
Pyrolysis is the afterburning of gases that are released during combustion.

The simplest rocket stove uses only the first principle of operation, since there are not enough conditions for pyrolysis.

Neat DIY Rocket Stove

First, consider the options for jet stoves used for cooking. In such a device, a short pipe is used as a firebox, located horizontally, and then it goes up. This is the simplest design.

The fuel is loaded into the rocket stove directly into the pipe, after which it is ignited. As a result, a stream of hot gases is formed, which is oriented to go outside, which means it tends to a vertical section.

At the cut of the pipe is placed a container used for water or food. There is a gap between it and the pipe so that the products of combustion can escape.

Many are interested in why such a furnace is called a rocket. The design has a nozzle turned upwards, from which, when the device is in operation, a flame escapes. Hence the name.

Tongues of flame escaping from a rocket stove

Of course, it will not work to warm the room with such a unit. The rocket furnace must be supplemented with a heat exchanger, as well as channels for the removal of combustion products. To ensure high temperature, the vertical part of the pipe is insulated refractory material.

The nozzle can be covered with a cap. This is necessary for high-quality heat extraction. A channel for supplying secondary air is created at the bottom of the horizontal section of the pipe.

The modern version of the design implies a slightly different design. Such a jet furnace involves the afterburning of pyrolysis gases, which is possible due to the supply of secondary air. In addition, combustion products are collected under the top of the cap, which increases the pressure to excess. Over time, heat is transferred to the outside through the walls of the pipe, which forces the gases to cool and go down. Hot air is waiting for them there, so they have to go into the space between the walls of the cap and the pipe, going to the chimney.

The use of a rocket furnace with a hood on the site

Due to pyrolysis processes, efficiency is significantly increased. And thanks to the flow of gases, a self-regulating system is organized.

Jet furnaces, product drawings

Rocket stoves are divided into portable and stationary. The first devices are smaller and have a simpler design. She reminds upside down "G". Fuel is placed in the lower crossbar. Due to the vertical shape of the main body, natural traction is created.

Photo 1. Drawing and finished version of a metal rocket furnace with dimensions, left and top view.

As the temperature rises, the device works more efficiently. Its power is enough to quickly heat water for cooking for several people. To prevent the firewood from burning out too quickly, you need to adjust the draft in the stove. To do this, cover or completely close the fuel door.

portable jet furnaces mass-produced. Most popular models "Robinson" and "Flint". Due to the simplicity of the design, they can be made independently.

Stationary devices are somewhat more complicated. In the cap, the air channels are made in such a way that the heated air first rises. Transferring heat to the inner walls, it gradually sinks down. Then it passes into the chimney located at the bottom.

Photo 2. Drawing of a rocket furnace made of bricks and a metal barrel. The arrows show parts of the device.

This oven is quite economical to use, since it burns not only firewood, but also pyrolysis gases. The chimney channel of the furnace is sometimes not taken out of the room immediately, but is carried out inside a stove bench made of brick and / or clay. Such a couch heats the room to a comfortable temperature. The structure itself is made from large diameter pipes, barrels or bricks.

Important! The device needs preheating before the firebox. First, paper, newspaper, or something else flammable is lit

And only firewood is placed in a warmed-up firebox.

Brick long-burning rocket stove

Since brick accumulates heat, such devices are well suited for space heating. Taking into account the duration of burning, one bookmark of fuel is enough for 6-8 hours maintaining a comfortable temperature.

Sometimes the oven is made entirely of brick. Only fittings (doors) will need steel or cast iron. In other cases outer part The stove cap is made from a barrel or a wide pipe.

Attention! A brick oven requires a separate foundation, unrelated to the one being built for the building itself. It is advisable to plan its location before construction begins.

Device from a pipe with a water circuit, diagram

The design of the furnace is welded from iron pipes of different diameters.

If it is supposed to heat a small room, the furnace cap can be made from waste gas bottle.

In a house of a more impressive size, suitable for these purposes iron barrel.

If a water circuit is installed on the chimney of the furnace, then a long-burning boiler can be obtained, which will heat the room well.

The water circuit is usually made from gas cylinders.

"Robinson"

This is a simple and reliable camp stove. She is quite capable quickly (in 10 minutes) boil a liter water. In this case, you do not need to lay firewood.

The design was developed in the last century, but due to its advantages it is still used today. "Robinson" is mass-produced, but it is easy to assemble it yourself.

"Flint"

This oven is similar to the previous version. But the combustion chamber in it shorter and more obtuse in relation to the chimney. Such a stove resembles an inverted letter "G" in shape.

Step-by-step instruction

Here is an approximate procedure that should be followed in the manufacture of this furnace:

Firebox manufacturing

The firebox is made welded using a steel pipe or sheets. The firebox lid must be hermetically sealed. It should be made of a steel sheet, along the perimeter of which a strip of basalt cardboard is fixed with screws or rivets. For tighter closing, the lid can be equipped with a screw clamping mechanism.

This is how the firebox and ash pan look in the simplest rocket stove

The ash chamber (marked as Primary Ash Pit in the diagram) is separated from the main part of the furnace by a grate welded from a rod with a diameter of 8–10 mm. The grate should be installed on the shelves from the corner, which are welded to the inner walls.

The door of the ash chamber must also be airtight. It is made of steel sheet, to which a steel strip is welded in two rows around the entire perimeter. An asbestos cord or basalt cardboard is placed in the groove between these strips.

It remains to weld the flame tube to the firebox.

primary chimney

A 90-degree bend and a small piece of pipe must be welded to the pipe that serves as the primary chimney, after which this L-shaped structure is placed inside the barrel or cylinder, that is, the future drum.
The outlet with a piece of pipe welded to it should be led out into one of the openings in the lower part of the drum so that the primary chimney is located strictly in the center. Recall that the upper cut of the pipe must be located at least 70 mm below the upper edge of the barrel (cylinder).
After centering the primary chimney, its horizontal shank, which was brought out into the opening in the drum, is welded to its edges with a continuous seam around the entire perimeter.
After that, the shank of the primary chimney is welded to the flame tube, and a tire is welded to the top of the drum.
A short piece of pipe should be welded to the second opening in the drum, which will play the role of a secondary ash pan. In it you need to perform a window for cleaning. Studs must be butt welded along its edges, to which the lid will be screwed (recall that we decided not to install the door in this place, since it is rarely necessary to open it).
A strip of basalt cardboard should be fixed around the perimeter of the lid with screws or rivets.

Chimney installation

We weld the horizontal part of the chimney to the exit of the secondary ash pan, on which a stove bench will subsequently be arranged. If the gas duct is supposed to be made of metal corrugation, then first a short pipe must be welded to the ash pan, and already to it - attach the corrugation with a clamp.

On final stage an external chimney is attached to the horizontal flue.

Furnace lining

The metal part of the furnace is ready, now it needs to be properly plastered with heat-insulating and heat-accumulating compounds.

The lining of the furnace part (up to the primary chimney) should be carried out with a mixture of furnace clay and fireclay bricks, taken in a 1: 1 ratio.

Primary chimney lining

The materials used for lining the primary chimney - light fireclay bricks or river sand - are porous, therefore, in the open state, they will quickly become saturated with soot and lose their thermal insulation properties. To prevent this, the lining on the primary chimney is protected with a thin-walled steel casing, and coated with kiln clay from the ends.

In accordance with the square-cube law, the ratio of the volume and surface area of the drum depends on its diameter, therefore, the lining of the primary chimney, depending on the size of the furnace, is made differently. Three options are shown in the figure.

Primary chimney lining options

If the lining is made with fireclay bricks, the cavities between its fragments must be filled with building sand. If river sand rich in alumina is used, one has to resort to more complex technology:

The sand is cleaned of large debris (careful preparation is not required).
A layer of small thickness is poured into the casing, it is rammed and moistened so that a crust forms.
The subsequent layers are poured in the same way. There should be 5 to 7 in total.
The sand lining is dried for one week, then its top is covered with kiln clay and the kiln manufacturing is continued.

The last step is to coat all parts of the oven with adobe. It is prepared from the following ingredients:

clay;
straw (14–16 kg per 1 m3 of clay);
sand (in a small amount);
water.

The stated ratio of straw to clay is approximate. In some varieties of straw clay, more can be added, in others, on the contrary, its amount has to be reduced.

Construction of a brick rocket stove

The heater has similar technical properties as a metal structure, however, the construction of a brick rocket stove is a laborious process that requires additional financial costs and time.

The cap of a stone rocket stove should be made from a barrel. For safety and ease of use, the design of the furnace, except for the hood, must be lowered down by digging a hole under the floor. The bottom must be compacted and poured with concrete mortar, in simple words- make a foundation. Thickness concrete pavement must be more than 10.0 cm. In order for the foundation to become strong, and it was possible to begin the process of laying bricks on it, it will take about 3 days until the mortar completely hardens. After this period, you can begin to build the walls of the rocket furnace.

For masonry, only refractory Construction Materials, namely:

Fire-resistant clay mortar;
Refractory bricks.

After completion of laying, you should wait until the mortar hardens, and the structure becomes complete, durable and reliable. An iron barrel without a bottom is installed on top of the firing channel, and the gap between the barrel and the brick is filled with insulation. When processing the end, you must use the same fire-resistant clay mortar. The largest barrel is put on top, and a chimney pipe is attached to its lower part.

How to DIY

Before you make a rocket furnace, you need to decide on the place of its installation, with the dimensions of the future design, and develop a diagram. The technology of masonry itself is quite simple, any novice builder can master it.

The simplest design of a rocket furnace can be built from 20 bricks per suburban area and use it to heat food brought from home.

Location selection

Before starting construction, the first step is to choose a place. Rocket-type brick ovens are recommended to be placed closer to front door. In this case, the ash after cleaning will not need to be carried through the entire room, which will positively affect the overall dust content of the room.

It is also desirable that there are no rafters located closer than 40 cm to the chimney at the exit point of the pipe. And yet, the stove should not be adjacent to the outer wall of the house so that expensive heat does not go to heat the street.

Solution preparation

Cement mortar under the influence of high temperatures quickly cracks, therefore, only a mortar consisting of clay and sand is used for laying brick heating devices.

Their proportions are determined experimentally, depending on the quality of the clay. Most often in a ratio of 1:2 or 1:3, and the higher the fat content of the clay, the less it is added to the solution.

First, the clay must be soaked, filtered, and then sand is introduced. The resulting solution should have the consistency of thick sour cream. You can check the level of its viscosity in the following way:

place a wooden stick or trowel handle into the mixture;
remove the tool and shake well;
check the thickness of the adhering layer: if less than 2 mm add clay, more than 3 mm - sand.

The preparation of the mortar must be approached with all responsibility, since only a plastic mixture of the required density can fill all the irregularities of the bricks and ensure their strong adhesion.

Masonry rocket stove of 20 bricks

Ordering a rocket furnace for 20 bricks

An example of a brick rocket stove

Masonry rocket stove with stove bench

A brick rocket stove, even equipped with a bench, is small. The order shown in the figures (below) allows you to assemble the structure without the use of metal products. Only the doors will be iron. Subsequently, the body can be coated with clay to give it more rounded shapes.

row number	Number of bricks, pcs.	Description of masonry	Drawing
1	62	Formation of the furnace base	(click to enlarge)
2	44	The formation of the base of the channels for heating the couch along the entire structure. Fastening mortgages for mounting a cast-iron door
3	44	Repeating the contour of the second row
4	59	Complete channel coverage. The beginning of the formation of a vertical smoke channel and a furnace
5	60	The construction of the couch	(click to enlarge)
6	17	Continuation of laying the smoke channel
7	18
8	14
9; 10	14	Smoke channel formation	(click to enlarge)
11	13
12	11	The beginning of laying the chimney pipe. From here begins the channel through which the air from hob drop down to move to the couch
13	10	The end of the formation of the surface under the hob. Laying asbestos gasket, which is covered with sheet steel.	(click to enlarge)
14; 15	5	Closing the chimney channel and forming a low wall between the bench and the hob.

After completing the masonry work, the home-made rocket stove must be dried, carefully, by heating at low intensity. First, no more than 20% of the firewood norm is laid in the firebox, and the device is heated twice a day for 30-40 minutes

According to this scheme, the stove is heated until its outer surface is cleared of damp spots. Drying, depending on the dimensions of the device, may take from three to eight days. During this time, the room should be well ventilated, especially in summer.

Accelerating drying can lead to cracking of the masonry, that is, the device will become unsuitable for further heating.

Ready view

Varieties of rocket furnaces

In this section, we will consider the most common types of rocket stoves used in field and stationary conditions.

Simple metal ovens

The simplest wood-fired jet stove is made from an L-shaped piece of large-diameter metal pipe. The horizontal part is short, it is a firebox. The combustion chamber is located in the vertical part of the pipe, firewood is actively burning here. A small metal plate is often welded into the horizontal section, forming a blower. After warming up, the rocket furnace enters the operating mode, a flame bursts out of its vertical section (flame tube).

Such rocket stoves are used for cooking in camping or outdoor conditions - due to their small area, they are characterized by low heat release, and the vast majority of heat energy escapes through the flame tube. Teapots, frying pans and pots are placed on this pipe so that the raging flame ensures their heating. To maintain traction, stands are located in the upper part of the pipe, on which dishes are placed - combustion products can freely go outside.

In order to make a metal rocket furnace from an L-shaped pipe section more efficient, it is equipped with a metal casing made of old barrel. At the bottom of the barrel you can see a blower, and a flame tube peeps out of the top. If necessary, the internal volume is filled with insulation, for example, ash - it does not burn and retains heat well.

The most convenient are metal rocket furnaces with vertical fireboxes located at an angle to the flame tube. Often, the furnace openings are closed with lids; in this case, air is taken through the blower. Sometimes the firebox is made larger in diameter than the flame tube in order to ensure long-term burning.

Simple brick ovens

A small-sized brick rocket stove is another of the easiest options for building a do-it-yourself rocket stove. For its assembly, cement mortar is not required, it is enough to lay the bricks on top of each other to get at your disposal a convenient brick outdoor cooking unit. In the section on self assembly rocket furnaces, we will suggest that you familiarize yourself with the simplest order for self-assembly.

A do-it-yourself brick rocket stove can be used to heat households. In this case, simple ordering is not enough - you will have to build a stationary version using a special cement mortar. There are many orders for this, you just have to choose suitable option. By the way, some variants of such furnaces provide for the presence of a water circuit.

Advantage of brick rocket kilns:

Simple construction;
Long-term heat retention;
The ability to create a comfortable warm couch.

Some models are made combined, they use both steel and bricks.

Complex rocket ovens

A jet stove for heating households or for a bath is different increased complexity. The main link here is still the riser (flame tube), enclosed in a metal case. Its upper part can be used for cooking, forming a kind of cooking surface. The firebox is made large to accommodate an increased amount of solid fuel. The raw materials are metal, bricks and clay.

Streamlined rocket furnaces are made on the basis of clay coating irregular shape, which is well perceived by human vision.

There are projects of wood-burning rocket stoves that provide for the presence of additional modules. Their construction schemes include small boilers for preparation hot water, hobs, water jackets and even small ovens. Such stoves will help to heat households and create comfortable conditions for a person to live.

A water-jacketed rocket boiler, based on a wood-burning stove, will help warm up a multi-room building. It is equipped with a water circuit for heating the coolant. Additional convenience is created by samples with stove benches - these stove benches are created on the basis of thermal channels between the flame and chimney pipes.

We assemble a rocket stove with our own hands

The easiest way is to assemble a camping-garden version of a jet stove. To do this, you do not have to purchase masonry materials and prepare adobe for coating.

Several metal buckets steel pipe from stainless steel for the flame channel and small gravel for backfilling - that's all you need in order to make a rocket furnace with your own hands.

The first step is to cut a hole in the lower bucket with scissors for metal to pass the flame tube. It must be done at such a height that there is room under the pipe for crushed stone backfill.

The second step is the installation of a flame tube in the lower bucket, consisting of two elbows: a short boot and a long one for the exit of gases.

The third step is to cut a hole in the bottom of the upper bucket, which is put on the lower one. The head of the frying pipe is inserted into it so that its cut is 3-4 cm above the bottom.

Fourth - backfilling with small gravel in the lower bucket at half its height. It is needed for heat accumulation and thermal insulation of the flame channel.

The last step is to make a dish rack. It can be welded from round reinforcement with a diameter of 8-10 mm.

A more complex, but at the same time durable, powerful and aesthetic version of the rocket stove requires the use of a gas cylinder and a thick rectangular steel pipe.

The assembly scheme does not change. The exhaust gas here is organized on the side, and not at the top. For cooking, the upper part with a valve is cut off from the cylinder and a flat round plate 4-5 mm thick is welded in its place.

How does a rocket stove work?

Although the “rocket” device is the simplest, it has two principles of fuel combustion borrowed from other solid fuel stoves:

The natural circulation of hot gases and smoke through the channels of the stove is a standard solution, as in a potbelly stove;
Afterburning of unburned gases (pyrolysis) with limited access of oxygen to the combustion chamber.

The scheme of the simplest jet stove, which is intended only for cooking, uses the natural combustion of firewood - in an open chamber it is impossible to create conditions for maintaining the pyrolysis reaction and afterburning unburned gases.

Let's consider a simple design of a direct burning rocket stove, which is traditionally installed in the yard in an open area. On it, you can quickly heat a certain amount of water, or cook dinner for the family on vacation. From the figure below, it becomes clear that for the manufacture of such a sample, two pieces of a cylindrical or rectangular iron pipe are required, which are interconnected by welding at an angle of 900.

The simplest rocket device

A horizontal segment of a metal box acts as a combustion chamber - firewood is laid there. Also, fuel loading can be organized vertically - just add a vertical iron cylinder on top of a horizontal pipe into which firewood will be loaded. Thus, a structure of three pipes or boxes will be obtained, the lowest of which (horizontal) will work as a firebox. In a stationary scheme, the simplest design of such a stove often uses ordinary red brick, which is placed on clay mortar.

The efficiency of this design cannot be called satisfactory, so the craftsmen came up with another scheme that increases the efficiency of the “rocket”. An additional element of this improvement is another pipe of a larger diameter (as you can see, all materials are available and cheap), into which the main pipe of the riser stove (primary chimney) is installed. So you can increase the overall heating of the stove and the duration of heat retention.

Scheme of a furnace with an insulated riser

On the diagram:

The outer casing of the pipe;
A pipe that serves as a firebox;
Channel for air outlet to the combustion chamber;
Insulated area between hull and riser. The same ash can serve as a heater.

Production of a modernized Robinson furnace

Described in previous section model can be improved with a door that is installed on the fuel tank. But if you make a hinged sash, it will simply lean up, which will not allow you to adjust the traction. Such a part can only be in the “closed” or “open” position. It will be much more efficient to use a damper that moves vertically or horizontally. To install it, small corners of 10 × 10 mm or 15 × 15 mm must be welded on the bunker.

In addition, the following options for upgrading the furnace are noted:

the fuel bunker can be made of thicker steel, for example 5 mm;
replace the round chimney with a square one;
use a different design for the stand: as an option, take corners, balls or other elements that are at hand;
change the stand for a camping stove-rocket, for which a metal plate and a piece of reinforcement for making a leg can be used.

To make an upgraded oven, you will need the following materials:

Square pipe with a section of 160 × 160 mm and a length of 400 mm. A firebox will be made from it.
Square pipe with a section of 120 × 120 mm and a length of 600 mm. It is needed to make a chimney.
A five-millimeter sheet of steel and a piece of reinforcement with a diameter of 7-8 mm. Of these, an element will be made that separates the fuel compartment and the blower channel. The size of the part should be 300 × 155 mm.
Steel sheet 350×180 mm. Such material is necessary for the manufacture of the oven stand.
Steel sheet 160×100 mm in size.

The production technology of this model of a camping stove does not fundamentally differ from the creation of similar structures:

A metal plate with a grate must be welded to the walls of the bunker.
Then the back of the tank is attached, and the chimney is on top.
When the whole structure is ready, a metal stand is welded to it from below, and an additional support is made from a piece of reinforcement. For it, you can also use the part of the vertical pipe that remains after cutting.
Pieces of corners are welded on top of the vertical pipe, which will form a stand for dishes. Its height should be 40-50 mm.
The opening in the fuel tank must be closed with a hinged door or a damper inserted into the corners.
The finished product can be tested. If everything went well, the welds are cleaned, and the jet furnace is covered with heat-resistant paint. This will not only give the product a more attractive appearance, but also protect the metal from corrosion.

Jet heating unit from a propane cylinder

A gas cylinder rocket stove is an easy-to-make wood-burning stove that consumes fuel economically and heats the room efficiently.

It is used to assemble:

empty propane tank (unit body);
steel pipe with a diameter of 100 mm (for arranging a chimney and a vertical channel);
profile steel pipe 150x150 mm (firebox and hopper are made);
sheet steel 3 mm thick.

Making a furnace from a gas cylinder requires the use of a welding machine. If you plan to assemble such a rocket oven with your own hands, the drawings will help you to accurately observe optimal dimensions all structural elements.

Scheme of the processes in the rocket furnace

At the preliminary stage of work, a gas cylinder should be prepared - turn off the valve, fill the container to the top with water to ensure that gas vapors that can explode from a spark are removed from the container. Then the upper part is cut along the seam. In the lower part of the resulting cylinder, a hole is cut under the chimney, and in the bottom - under the combustion chamber with an attached firebox. The vertical channel is brought out through a hole in the bottom, a structure from a profile pipe is welded from the bottom side, according to the rocket drawing.

Attention! The sheet metal cover should be made removable and a non-combustible sealant (asbestos cord) should be provided for reliable sealing. The flat lid is used as a cooking surface.
. If you are installing a rocket furnace from a gas cylinder on your own, you should carefully consider the quality of the welds and check their tightness - air should not enter the operating furnace uncontrollably

If everything is in order, you can install a chimney.

If you are installing a rocket furnace from a gas cylinder on your own, you should carefully consider the quality of the welds and check their tightness - air should not flow uncontrollably into the operating furnace. If everything is in order, you can install a chimney.

Important! The top of the chimney must be raised to a height of 4 meters relative to the level of the firebox in order to provide the necessary draft intensity.

Such a furnace for the home is regulated in terms of power by the volume of fuel loading. The jet stove is put into operation by supplying air through the combustion chamber, this is regulated by the bunker cover. Further, secondary air is constantly supplied to the unit. This stove for heating explodes at the end of the combustion process, since it is impossible to shut off the supply of secondary air, and soot settles on the inner walls of the vertical channel. The cover of the casing is made removable so that it can be periodically removed.

Boiler unit

A long-burning boiler can be obtained by mounting a water circuit on the chimney of a stove made from a gas cylinder or other materials, but according to the same scheme indicated above. However, the heating of water in the circuit of such a unit will be inefficient, since the main part of the thermal energy is transferred to the air of the room and to the containers on the hob.

An effective version of a rocket furnace from a metal barrel

If you want to create a rocket boiler for water heating with high efficiency, you will have to sacrifice cooking function. Do-it-yourself rocket stove according to the drawing below can be mounted in a short time.

This will require:

fireclay bricks and refractory masonry composition (for mounting the base of the stove with a firebox);
steel pipe with a diameter of 70 mm (for a vertical channel);
steel barrel (for casing);
refractory heat insulator;
sheet steel 3 mm thick and a metal barrel (or pipe) of a smaller diameter than the casing (for arranging a water jacket and smoke channels for heating the water circuit);
steel pipe with a diameter of 100 mm for the chimney;
container, pipes and connecting pipes for arranging a heat accumulator.

A rocket furnace with a water circuit is characterized by the fact that the thermal insulation of the vertical channel provides an optimal mode for burning pyrolysis gases, while all the heated air enters the "coil" with a water jacket and gives off the main part of the thermal energy there, heating the coolant.

Rocket stove with water circuit

The heat accumulator will continue to supply the heated coolant to the heating circuit even after the furnace itself has cooled down. The water tank is provided with a thick layer of insulation.

How to make a rocket stove with your own hands

He has several stages- selection of a suitable design; selection of materials and tools; directly manufacturing.

Project selection

When choosing the right project, consider the following factors:

The purpose of the stove is whether only cooking is required or also heating the room.
Available materials.
Approximate power. It depends on it how many servings of food or how much space the device is enough for.

materials

For a brick structure you will need:

fireclay (refractory) brick;
refractory mix for masonry;
concrete mortar (for the base);
mineral wool;
asbestos;
a whole barrel or an empty gas cylinder for a cap (optional);
oven doors - combustion chamber and ash pan;
if the cap is brick - a thick sheet of stainless steel according to the size of its section.

To finish the furnace are used:

refractory paint;
clay;
stones;
and so on.

For metal, take:

Round metal pipe diameter about 150 mm and length no more than 90 mm(better about 60 mm).
Profiled (rectangular) pipe with a cross section of 100-120 mm and length about a third round.
Instead of a rectangular pipe, you can take a sheet of steel with a thickness 3 mm.
3 nuts.
Steel bars, plates or long bolts for legs.

Reference. For better traction, take a profiled pipe with a side no larger than the round diameter.

Instrument preparation

Suitable for manufacturing:

Master OK;
level;
welding machine;
bayonet shovel;
metal brush;
level;
Bulgarian.

Manufacturing, dimensions of devices

There are many variations on this theme. Consider manufacturing two fundamentally different types jet stove. This is a brick stove with a bench, which is used indoors, and a camp stove, assembled from metal. If necessary, changes are made, combinations of methods are possible (for example, a heating and cooking device, but made of pipes covered with clay or stones).

How to make a brick oven with a bench

First stage- foundation arrangement. Under it, a rectangular recess is dug, which is then filled with concrete.

For strength, it is better to pre-install reinforcement. The base must be strictly horizontal.

After the concrete mortar has cured bricklaying begins. External walls are located along the perimeter of the concrete pad. The combustion chamber is formed. On one side of it is a combustion chamber with a hole for loading firewood. On the other hand, there are air ducts.

Important! Each row of bricks is also checked by a level. This is done in both planes - horizontal and vertical.

Also in the combustion chamber leave a hole for ash cleaning which is closed by a door. When this chamber is ready, a metal barrel is put on it. The gaps are filled with insulation, for example, mineral wool.

If the barrel is not used, it is installed on top stove for cooking. Asbestos insulation is placed under it.

Chimney connected to the air duct and is displayed on the street.

Then finished the device is decorated. For example, it is coated with clay and covered with paint. Another option is to leave the brickwork.

Jet stove for hiking

It consists of two compartments connected to each other. To assemble it, first cut the pipes at an angle in 45°. If a metal sheet was taken instead of the second pipe, cut it into the following parts:

two with sides 300 mm and 150 mm;
two - 300 mm and 100 mm;
and one 150 and 100 mm.

Photo 3. Ready jet stove for hiking. The device is made of metal pipes.

Then weld them together. You will also need another plate to separate the fuel compartment, its dimensions 200 mm and 100 mm.

All pieces are welded together. in accordance with the diagram. A round pipe is fixed at the bottom of the rectangular and in the middle relative to the sides.

Welded from rebar scraps grate. It is convenient to make it retractable to lay firewood and then push it inside the firebox.

Sawed off from the pipe 4 rings. They are attached from above so that the dishes do not block the draft hole.

In collapsible version legs are installed. Nuts are welded from below, into which long bolts are then screwed. There is another way. Rods or scraps of steel sheet are welded to the bottom. It is less convenient to transport, but there is no need for assembly.

When the structure is ready it needs to be painted. Only refractory paint is used. This will protect against corrosion, as well as cover traces of soldering.

In this design, as in the one described above, the principle of operation is to isolate the fire and direct the thermal energy to the right place.

Stage 1. Preparing everything you need

To prepare a portable rocket stove you will need:

two tin containers of different diameters;
a couple of corners;
steel clamps ø10 cm;
stainless steel pipe for chimney;
small-sized crushed stone;
Bulgarian;

metal scissors.

Making a camping garden stove

In the second bucket - the bottom of the rocket oven we cut a hole for the pipe

We cut the metal into petals and bend the bucket inside

Forward flow

We fall asleep in a bucket of small gravel

We put the second bucket-lid on the tube of the rocket furnace

From the wire we bend the comforter for dishes

From the wire we bend the burner for dishes

We melt the furnace rocket

Stage 2. Assembly of the structure

Step 1. A lid for the structure is made from a smaller bucket. To do this, a hole is made in it for the chimney (the cover is not removed). In this case, it is better to bend the “petals” inward - so the pipe will be more securely fixed.

The lower half of the bucket is cut off with a grinder.

Step 2. A hole is cut in the bottom of the other container for connecting the firebox. The tin is cut with scissors into "petals" and bent inward.

Step 3. The forward flow is assembled from a pipe and a pair of corners. Then the pipe is inserted into the bucket and connected there to the "petals" with a steel clamp. Everything, the forward flow of the rocket furnace is ready.

Step 4. The space between the forward flow and the walls of the bucket is covered with fine gravel. The latter will perform two functions in the design at once - thermal insulation and thermal accumulation.

Step 5. The second bucket (lid) is put on the jet furnace.

Step 6. The burner for dishes is bent from steel wire.

Note! Instead of a burner, you can install three bricks. . Step 7

It remains only to paint the structure with heat-resistant paint (preferably gray or black). For melting, the forward flow outlet will be used.

Step 7. It remains only to paint the structure with heat-resistant paint (preferably gray or black). For melting, the forward flow outlet will be used.

Mini jet oven

Reactive mini-oven, kindling

When choosing the main functional component of a solid fuel heating system, in addition to efficiency, attention is paid to the duration of operating cycles and ease of maintenance. To implement the plan, taking into account the marked details, a rocket oven is suitable. The simplicity of the design implies the absence of excessive difficulties in the independent performance of work operations.

Varieties of rocket furnaces

Scheme of the jet furnace

The specific name is explained by the characteristic hum, which resembles the roar of the engines of a launching rocket. In more advanced designs, with the correct setting of the operating mode, noise is reduced to a minimum level.

The classic scheme demonstrates the features of a jet stove. In this design, the fuel is loaded vertically. The flame is formed in a horizontal section. With a sufficiently strong air supply, the jet of heated gases quickly turns around the wall of the main chamber. This provokes a vortex effect in the central part (riser), which increases thrust. In the side channels, the walls are heated. Residual heat accumulates in the lining of the outlet pipe connected to the chimney. This part is traditionally created in the form of a couch.

Rocket furnace has the following advantageous characteristics:

high efficiency;
possibility of using wood waste, cones, other types of solid fuel;
operational loading without interrupting the combustion process;
lack of complex elements;
minimum waste (high temperature).

Jet stoves cannot heat a large room

For objectivity, it should be noted the shortcomings of the rocket stove:

the use of a water heat exchanger worsens the characteristics of the operating mode;
in certain situations it is possible to enter the room carbon monoxide;
the power of the structure is not enough for full heating large object real estate.

Not everyone likes the appearance of such a structure. However, this parameter largely depends on individual tastes. With the right finish, it is not difficult to ensure harmonious compliance with a certain interior style.

The jet furnace in various modifications was used by the population of Japan, China, Korea and other countries. Modern analogues, while maintaining the basic principles, differ:

a variety of designs;
application of new materials;
accurate engineering calculations.

As an example, some stove-makers mention the Chinese kan. However, this design is similar only to a long chimney, which was often installed under several benches along the walls. In the corresponding embodiment, this part performed the functions modern system"warm floor". The firebox was created in a standard scheme with the obligatory device of a stove for cooking.

Russian stove

With maximum simplification, you can get the desired result:

pipes are connected at right angles;
a shelf for fuel is installed in the horizontal part - 60% of the diameter below the top edge;
the lower part of the hole forms an unregulated blower;
the device is equipped with supports for fixing on a horizontal surface in the working position.

Gas cylinder stove

Factory made of quality metal - good foundation for creating homemade design. In addition to reliable welded joints, the gas cylinder is suitable for wall thickness.

Furnace and design scheme from a gas cylinder

When choosing components, sheet metal with a thickness of at least 5-6 mm should be used. The diameter of the main part of the structure is more than 30 cm. The door in the opening for fuel loading can be used to regulate the intensity of air supply. This addition will prevent carbon monoxide from entering the room. If you intend to use the oven for cooking, cut off exactly the top of the cylinder along with the valve. The hole is closed with a steel plate with a thickness of more than 5 mm, which is welded to the main part of the body.

In the version without a lounger, residual heat is not accumulated, so the efficiency is lower compared to the "classic" version of the stove.

It is recommended to insulate the inner chamber. Sufficiently thick walls will help to ensure the temperature rise to the level of +950C° and above. This is necessary for high-quality playback technological process. With such heating, complete combustion of the fuel with a minimum amount of ash is ensured.

Shirokov-Khramtsov oven

This Russian modification is an improved version of the classic scheme. The main components of the Shirokov-Khramtsov furnace are made from an expensive grade of concrete that is resistant to high temperatures. An accurate calculation significantly improved the stability of performance, which made it possible to place heat-resistant glass in the bunker area to partially release infrared radiation towards the room. An impromptu fireplace heats the room and acts as a spectacular element of decor.

Rocket furnace from a profile pipe

Marching version of the factory-made rocket furnace "Robinson"

For a hike, equipping a summer residence, solving other "temporary" problems, a mobile version of heating equipment is suitable. A good example is the Robinson oven. The supply of fuel and air is organized through a profile element (rectangular section 150 x 100 mm). The combustion zone is made of a pipe. The divider at the outlet is used as a stand for heating dishes.

Other models

A functional rocket oven with your own hands can be made from 20 whole bricks and two halves. Such a structure is assembled in just ten minutes on a prepared flat area. Careful calculations and drawings are not needed. Work operations are performed without welding equipment and building mixtures. Fuel consumption is approximately 3-6 times less than firewood compared to the "potbelly stove". It is acceptable to use raw firewood, branches, fragments of old furniture.

A simple brick oven

Unlike a fire, this design long time keeps warm. You can put dishes on the narrow opening. For convenience, a specialized support is used - a grate made of steel rods or cast iron. Even in this simplest version, a high temperature is created in the working area, which contributes to the complete combustion of the fuel with minimal smoke emission.

Principle of operation

An ordinary fire does not provide rational use fuel resources. A significant part of the energy is uselessly dissipated into the surrounding space. There are no convection processes, heat accumulators. Impossible to fine-tune the combustion process. The access of oxygen is not limited.

With the use of a chimney and a closed working area the noted shortcomings are eliminated. However, the jet furnace is more efficient than the typical stove. The main difference is the chimney placed inside the main structure. An increase in the gas outlet path is accompanied by a gradual decrease in temperature in different areas (example, values are given in C °):

central shaft (riser): 700-1100;
gap between walls: 250-380;
area under the bed: 30-90.

Improved draft in jet furnace design

The figures show the design features that provide sufficient traction with an increase in the length of the smoke extraction path. Another advantage is the high-temperature decomposition of organics with a limited supply of oxygen (pyrolysis).

If the do-it-yourself rocket furnace is created correctly, favorable conditions are provided for the formation of low molecular weight hydrocarbon compounds. Heating devices of this type are capable of providing an efficiency of more than 90%. Similar solutions are used in the design of household boilers for long-burning solid fuels.

Homemade design

In the absence of experience, you can choose a simplified design of several bricks, bent pipe. If you have skills in handling a welding machine, create a furnace from a square profile and sheet metal.

Furnace drawing and dimensions

The presented option can be adjusted taking into account the volume of the room, other personal requirements and preferences. The developers recommend setting the diameter of the riser channel in the range from 65 to 105 mm. Change the dimensions of the shell accordingly.

Drawing with explanations for assembly

To accumulate thermal energy, adobe was chosen. This material is not heat resistant, so the temperature must be lowered to a safe level. Additional recommendations:

the drum can be made from a standard 50-liter cylinder;
provide perfect tightness of the smoke exhaust system to prevent the penetration of soot into the porous adobe;
to remove residual mechanical impurities, a second ash pan is installed.

Step-by-step instruction

Homemade wood stove rocket

A do-it-yourself jet wood-burning stove can be created according to the following algorithm:

For the manufacture of a mixture of the main heat-insulating layer (5b), crushed stone from chamotte grade SHL is used.
The furnace support frame is assembled from wooden lag(100 x 100) with cells no more than 600 mm, the distance under the lounger can be increased.
For sheathing, mineral cardboard, tongue-and-groove boards are used.
Wooden blanks are pre-treated with impregnation with biocidal additives.
The area under the main part of the structure is covered with a metal sheet.
After placing the structure at the planned place, the formwork is installed, the adobe is poured.
A drum is made from a suitable gas cylinder.
To create reliable welded joints, electrodes with a diameter of 2 mm are used, direct current with a power of 60-70A.
The sealing seal is created from an asbestos cord, fixed with heat-resistant glue.
A riser is assembled from prepared steel billets.
Install bottom layer insulation, plywood (20 mm) or boards are used for formwork.
Filling with building mixture is carried out to level B according to the drawing. For complete drying of this part with room temperature need 1-2 days.
Install the firebox, controlling the accuracy of the vertical position.
Part of the blower will protrude outward, so at the final stage the wall is leveled with adobe.
After filling with the mixture to level D, it is recommended to speed up the drying with a conventional 60-75 W incandescent bulb (placed under the riser).
An ash pan is installed, made of a steel sheet with a thickness of 0.8-1 mm.
The drum tube is mounted with the formation of a wedge-shaped slope towards the exit in the inner part (mixture 5b).
A lining with layer-by-layer filling (5g) is created, the cork is made of clay.
Continue assembly according to the scheme, install the corrugation, drum covers and ash pan.
After drying is completed (2-25 weeks), the formwork is removed, the surface is formed, visible metal parts are painted.

Explanations for the composition of building mixtures (5):

a - adobe made of clay and straw, the consistency of thick dough;
b - clay of medium fat content with crushed stone from fireclay;
c - fireclay sand with clay in proportions one to one;
d - river sand without washing with a fixed granule size (2.5-3 mm);
e - kiln clay of medium fat content.

Purchase tools and consumables necessary to perform work operations in advance. The list of purchases is made on the basis of the prepared project documentation.

How to heat a rocket stove

Taking into account the long path of the smoke extraction system in a stationary structure, the need to start the operating mode after preheating is understandable. When working with Robinson and other compact counterparts, this rule does not need to be followed. But a large furnace is first heated with dry shavings, paper, and other suitable consumables. For loading use a blower with an open door. The degree of readiness is assessed by the characteristic attenuation of the noise. At this stage, the usual loading of fuel into the corresponding part of the furnace is used.

A do-it-yourself rocket stove, drawings of which most home craftsmen would probably like to have in their archive, can be made, in principle, even within one day, since its design is quite simple. If you have skills in working with tools, reading drawings, stocked necessary materials, then making a simple stove of this type will not be difficult. It should be noted that it can be made from the most different materials, which are at hand, but a lot will depend on where the oven is planned to be installed. The rocket stove has a slightly different principle of operation from other heating devices, and can be either stationary or portable.

Stationary rocket stoves are installed inside the house along the walls or on the area reserved for cooking in the courtyard of the house. If the stove is installed indoors, then it is able to heat a room up to 50 square meters. m.

Portable versions of the rocket stove are usually very small and can easily fit in the trunk of a car. Therefore, when traveling, for example, to a picnic or to a dacha, such a stove will help to boil water and cook dinner. Moreover, the fuel consumption in the rocket stove is quite small, even dry branches, splinter or grass tufts can be used as it.

The principle of operation of the rocket-type stove

Despite the simplicity of the rocket furnace, its design uses two principles of operation that the developers borrowed from other types of furnaces operating on. So for her effective work the following principles are taken:

The principle of free circulation of gases released from the fuel through the created furnace channels, without the forced creation of a chimney draft.
The principle of post-combustion of pyrolysis gases released during the combustion of fuel in the mode of insufficient oxygen supply.

In the simplest designs of rocket ovens, which are used only for cooking, only the first principle of operation can operate, since it is rather difficult to create the necessary conditions for the course of pyrolysis and the organization of afterburning of gases.

To understand the constructions and understand how they work, you need to consider some of them in turn.

The simplest design of a rocket stove

To begin with, it is worth considering the simplest device of a direct combustion rocket furnace. As a rule, such devices are used only for heating water or for cooking, and only in the open air. As can be seen from the figure below, these are two pipe sections connected by a right angle bend.

The furnace for such a design of the furnace is the horizontal part of the pipe, and fuel is laid into it. Often the furnace has a vertical loading - in this case, for the manufacture the simplest stove three elements are used - these are two pipes of different heights, installed vertically and connected from below by a common horizontal channel. The lower pipe will serve as a firebox. For the manufacture of a stationary version of the simplest design according to the scheme, it is often used, installed on a heat-resistant solution.

To achieve more high efficiency the oven was improved, and it appeared additional elements, for example, the pipe began to be installed in a housing, which enhances the heating of the structure.

1 - outer metal body of the furnace.

2 - pipe - combustion chamber.

3 - a channel formed by a jumper under the fuel chamber and designed for free passage of air into the combustion area.

4 - the space between the pipe (riser) and the body, densely filled with a heat-insulating composition, for example, ash.

The heating of the furnace is as follows. A light combustible material, such as paper, is first placed in the firebox, and when it flares up, wood chips or other main fuel are thrown into the fire. As a result of the process of intense combustion, hot gases are formed that rise along the vertical channel of the pipe and go outside. On the open section of the pipe and install a container for boiling water or cooking.

An important condition for the intensity of fuel combustion is the creation of a gap between the pipe and the installed container. If its hole is completely blocked, then the combustion inside the structure will stop, since there will be no draft, which provides air supply to the combustion area and raises the heated gases up. To avoid problems with this, a removable or stationary stand for the container is installed on the upper edge of the pipe.

This diagram shows a simple design, on the loading opening of which a door is installed. And to create thrust, a special channel is provided, which forms the lower wall of the combustion chamber and a plate welded at a distance of 7 ÷ 10 mm from it. Even when the firebox door is completely closed, the air supply will not stop. In this scheme, the second principle is already starting to work - without active oxygen access to the burning ones, the pyrolysis process can begin, and the continuous supply of “secondary” air will contribute to the afterburning of the released gases. But for a fully-fledged process, one more important condition is still missing - high-quality thermal insulation of the secondary afterburner chamber, since certain temperature conditions are necessary for the process of gas combustion.

1 - air channel in the combustion chamber, through which blowing is carried out with the furnace door closed;

2- zone of the most active heat exchange;

3 - ascending flow of hot gases.

Video: a variant of the simplest rocket furnace from an old cylinder

Improved Rocket Furnace Design

The design, intended both for cooking and for heating the room, is equipped not only with a furnace door and a second body, which serves as a good external heat exchanger, but also with an upper hob. Such a rocket stove can already be installed inside the premises of the house, and the chimney from it is brought out into the street. After carrying out such a modernization of the furnace, its efficiency increases significantly, since the device acquires many useful properties:

Due to the second outer casing and insulating heat-resistant materials that thermally insulate the main furnace pipe (riser), hermetic closure of the upper part of the structure, the heated air retains a high temperature for much longer.

A channel for supplying secondary air began to be mounted in the lower part of the case, successfully carrying out the necessary blowing, for which the simplest design an open fire was used.
The smoke pipe in a closed design is not located at the top, as in a simple rocket furnace, but at the lower rear of the case. Due to this, the heated air does not go directly into the chimney, but gets the opportunity to circulate through the internal channels of the appliance, heating, first of all, the hob, and then diverging inside the body, providing its heating. In turn, the outer casing gives off heat to the surrounding air.

This diagram clearly shows the whole process of the furnace operation: in the fuel hopper (pos. 1) there is a preliminary combustion of fuel (pos. 2) in the mode of insufficient air supply "A" - this is regulated by a damper (pos. 3). The resulting hot pyrolysis gases enter the end of the horizontal fire channel (pos. 5), where they are afterburned. This process takes place due to good thermal insulation and the continuous supply of "secondary" air "B" through a specially provided channel (pos.4).

Further, hot air rushes into the inner pipe of the structure, called the riser (pos. 7), rises through it under the "ceiling" of the body, which is the hob (pos. 10), providing its high-temperature heating. Then the gas flow passes through the space between the riser and the outer shell-drum (pos. 6), providing heating of the shell for further heat exchange with the air in the room. Then the gases go down and only after that they go into the chimney (pos. 11).

To achieve maximum heat transfer from the fuel and provide the necessary conditions for the complete combustion of pyrolysis gases, it is important to maintain the highest and most stable temperature in the riser channel (pos. 7) To do this, the riser pipe is enclosed in another pipe of a larger diameter - a shell (pos. 8 ), and the space between them is tightly clogged with a heat-resistant mineral composition (pos. 9), which will serve as thermal insulation (a kind of lining). For these purposes, for example, a mixture of kiln masonry clay with fireclay sand (in a ratio of 1: 1) can be used. Some craftsmen prefer to simply fill this space very tightly with sifted sand.

The design of this version of the rocket furnace consists of the following components and elements:

A lid-closed furnace with vertical fuel loading with a secondary air intake chamber located in its lower part.

The furnace passes into a horizontally located fire channel, at the end of which pyrolysis gas is burned.

The hot gas flow rises along the vertical channel (riser) to the hermetically sealed "ceiling" of the housing, where it gives off part of the thermal energy to the horizontal stove - the hob. Then, under the pressure of the hotter gases following it, it diverges into the heat exchange channels, giving off heat to the surfaces of the drum, and goes down.

In the lower part of the furnace there is an entrance to the horizontal pipe channels that run under the entire surface of the bed. Moreover, one, two or more turns of a corrugated pipe can be laid in this space, in the form of a coil, through which hot air circulates, heating the bed. This heat exchange pipeline is connected at the end to a chimney pipe led out through the wall of the house.

It should be noted that in the case of making a bed made of brick, the channels can also be laid out of this material, without the use of metal corrugated tubes.

The heated stove and stove bench, giving off heat to the room, in themselves will serve as a kind of “battery”, capable of heating an area of up to 50 m².

The metal drum of the furnace can be made of a barrel, a gas cylinder or other durable containers, and also made of bricks. Usually the material is chosen by the craftsmen themselves as far as financial possibilities and convenience of work.

A rocket stove with a brick bed looks neater and is somewhat easier to install than a clay version, but the material costs will be about the same.

Video: another original solution to increase the heating efficiency of a rocket furnace

Add upbrickrocket ovenwith a bed

What is needed for work?

The brick heating structure proposed for execution is designed on the principle of a rocket stove. The size of the structure with standard brick parameters (250 × 120 × 65 mm) will be 2540 × 1030 × 1620 mm.

Our task is to lay down such an original rocket stove with a warm stove bench out of bricks.
It should be noted that the structure is, as it were, divided into three parts:

The furnace itself - its size is 505 × 1620 × 580 mm;

Furnace compartment - 390 × 250 × 400 mm;

Bed 1905×755×620 mm + 120 mm headrest.

For laying the furnace, the following materials will be required:

Red brick - 435 pcs.;

Blower door 140 × 140 mm - 1 pc.;

Cleaning door 140×140 mm - 1 pc.;

The furnace door is desirable (250 × 120 mm - 1 pc.), Otherwise there is a risk of smoke in the room.

Cooking stove 505 × 580 mm - 1 pc.;

Rear metal panel-shelf 370 × 365 mm - 1 pc.;

Asbestos sheet 2.5 ÷ 3 mm thick to create a gasket between metal elements and bricks.

Chimney pipe, 150 mm in diameter, with a 90˚ outlet.

Clay and sand for mortar or ready-made heat-resistant mixture. It should be noted here that for 100 bricks laid flat, with a joint width of 5 mm, 20 liters of mortar will be required.

The design of this top-loading rocket furnace is quite simple, trouble-free and efficient in operation, but only if its laying is done with high quality, in full accordance with the order.

In the absence of experience in the work of a bricklayer and stove-setter, but a great desire to independently install such a heating device, it is worth making sure, and for starters, lay down the structure “dry”, without mortar. This process will help you figure out the location of the brick in each of the rows.

In addition, in order for the seams to be of the same width, it is recommended to prepare sizing wooden or plastic slats for masonry, which will be laid on the previous row before laying the next one. After setting the solution, it will be easy to remove them.

Under the laying of such a furnace, it is necessary to have a flat and solid base. Despite the fact that the design is quite compact, and its weight is not as large as, for example, that of a Russian stove, a floor made of thin boards is not suitable for its installation. In the event that the floor, although wooden, is very durable, before starting laying under the future furnace, it is necessary to lay and fix heat-resistant material, for example, asbestos 5 mm thick.

Ordering a brick rocket stove with a stove bench:

Illustration Brief description of the operation to be performed
The first row is laid out solid, and the brick must lie in strict accordance with the pattern shown in the diagram - this will give strength to the entire base.
For masonry, 62 red bricks are required.
The diagram clearly shows the connection of all three sections of the furnace.
The corners on the side bricks of the facade of the firebox are cut off or rounded - so the design will look neat.
Second row.
At this stage of the work, internal chimney channels are laid, through which the gases heated in the furnace will pass, giving off heat to the stove bench bricks. The channels are connected to the combustion chamber, which also begins to form in this row.
The first brick of the wall separating the two channels under the stove bench is cut obliquely - this “nook” will collect unburned combustion products, and the cleaning door installed opposite the bevel will allow it to be easily cleaned.
For laying a row, 44 bricks are required.
On the second row, the doors of the blower and cleaning chambers are mounted, which are necessary for periodically putting the ash chamber and internal horizontal channels in order.
The doors are fixed with wire, which is twisted on the ears of the cast-iron elements, and then laid in the seams of the masonry.
Third row.
It almost completely repeats the configuration of the second row, but, of course, taking into account the laying in the dressing, and therefore it will also require 44 bricks.
Fourth row.
At this stage, the channels passing inside the couch are blocked with a continuous layer of bricks.
A furnace opening is left, and a channel is formed that will heat the hob and discharge combustion products into the chimney.
In addition, a rotary horizontal channel is blocked from above, which discharges heated air under the stove bench.
For laying a row, you need to prepare 59 bricks.
Fifth row.
The next step is to cover the couch with a second cross layer of bricks.
The chimney ducts and the furnace also continue to be removed.
For a row, 60 bricks are being prepared.
Sixth row.
The first row of the headrest of the couch is laid out, and the part of the furnace on which the hob will be installed begins to rise.
It still has chimneys.
For a row you need 17 bricks.
Seventh row.
The laying of the headrest is being completed, for which bricks cut obliquely are used.
The second row of the base under the hob rises.
For masonry, 18 bricks are required.
Eighth row.
The construction of the furnace with three channels is being laid.
It will take 14 bricks.
The ninth and tenth rows are similar to the previous, eighth, laid out in the same way, alternately, in dressing.
14 bricks are used for each row.
11th row.
Continuation of masonry according to the scheme.
This row will take 13 bricks.
12th row.
At this stage, a hole is formed for installing the chimney pipe.
The hole brought under the stove is supplied with a brick cut obliquely for a smoother flow of heated air into the adjacent channel leading to the lower horizontal channels located in the bench.
11 bricks were used per row.
13th row.
A base is formed for the slab, and the central and side channels are combined. It is through it that hot air will flow under the stove, and then flow into a vertical channel leading under the stove bench.
10 bricks are laid.
13th row.
On the same row, the basis for laying the hob is being prepared.
To do this, along the perimeter of the space in which two vertical channels were combined, heat-resistant material - asbestos - is laid.
13th row.
Then, a solid metal plate is laid on the asbestos gasket.
In this case, it is not recommended to install a hob with opening burners, since when they are opened, smoke can enter the room.
14th row.
The arranged hole for the chimney pipe is blocked and the wall separating the hob from the stove bench area is raised.
Only 5 bricks are used for a row.
15th row.
This row that raises the wall will also require 5 bricks.
15th row.
On the same row, in continuation of the back wall, next to the hob, a metal shelf is fixed, which can be used as a cutting board.
It is attached to brackets.
15th row.
The picture-scheme is well modeled how the hob can be used.
In this case, the pan is placed exactly on that part of the stove that will warm up first of all, since a hot air stream will pass under it.
After completion of all the work described in the order, a chimney pipe is built into the hole, from the back of the furnace, which leads out into the street.
From the back, the design also looks quite neat, so it can be installed both near the wall and in the middle of the room.
Such a stove is perfect for heating in a country house.
If the stove and chimney are decorated finishing materials, then the building can become an original addition, and very functional, for any private house.
As you can see, the corner formed under the cutting shelf is very convenient for drying and storing firewood.
To fully consider the design, you need to see its projection from the end side.
And the last figure shows well what should happen as a result of the work done, if you look at the stove from the side of the bench.
In conclusion, I would like to emphasize that the design of the rocket furnace can be called one of the simplest and most accessible for self-manufacturing compared to other heaters. Therefore, if such a goal is set - to acquire a furnace in the house, but experience in such work is clearly not enough, then it is best to choose this particular option, since when building it, it is difficult to make a mistake in the configuration of its internal channels.

Illustration	Brief description of the operation to be performed
	The first row is laid out solid, and the brick must lie in strict accordance with the pattern shown in the diagram - this will give strength to the entire base. For masonry, 62 red bricks are required. The diagram clearly shows the connection of all three sections of the furnace. The corners on the side bricks of the facade of the firebox are cut off or rounded - so the design will look neat.
	Second row. At this stage of the work, internal chimney channels are laid, through which the gases heated in the furnace will pass, giving off heat to the stove bench bricks. The channels are connected to the combustion chamber, which also begins to form in this row. The first brick of the wall separating the two channels under the stove bench is cut obliquely - this “nook” will collect unburned combustion products, and the cleaning door installed opposite the bevel will allow it to be easily cleaned. For laying a row, 44 bricks are required.
	On the second row, the doors of the blower and cleaning chambers are mounted, which are necessary for periodically putting the ash chamber and internal horizontal channels in order. The doors are fixed with wire, which is twisted on the ears of the cast-iron elements, and then laid in the seams of the masonry.
	Third row. It almost completely repeats the configuration of the second row, but, of course, taking into account the laying in the dressing, and therefore it will also require 44 bricks.
	Fourth row. At this stage, the channels passing inside the couch are blocked with a continuous layer of bricks. A furnace opening is left, and a channel is formed that will heat the hob and discharge combustion products into the chimney. In addition, a rotary horizontal channel is blocked from above, which discharges heated air under the stove bench. For laying a row, you need to prepare 59 bricks.
	Fifth row. The next step is to cover the couch with a second cross layer of bricks. The chimney ducts and the furnace also continue to be removed. For a row, 60 bricks are being prepared.
	Sixth row. The first row of the headrest of the couch is laid out, and the part of the furnace on which the hob will be installed begins to rise. It still has chimneys. For a row you need 17 bricks.
	Seventh row. The laying of the headrest is being completed, for which bricks cut obliquely are used. The second row of the base under the hob rises. For masonry, 18 bricks are required.
	Eighth row. The construction of the furnace with three channels is being laid. It will take 14 bricks.
	The ninth and tenth rows are similar to the previous, eighth, laid out in the same way, alternately, in dressing. 14 bricks are used for each row.
	11th row. Continuation of masonry according to the scheme. This row will take 13 bricks.
	12th row. At this stage, a hole is formed for installing the chimney pipe. The hole brought under the stove is supplied with a brick cut obliquely for a smoother flow of heated air into the adjacent channel leading to the lower horizontal channels located in the bench. 11 bricks were used per row.
	13th row. A base is formed for the slab, and the central and side channels are combined. It is through it that hot air will flow under the stove, and then flow into a vertical channel leading under the stove bench. 10 bricks are laid.
	13th row. On the same row, the basis for laying the hob is being prepared. To do this, along the perimeter of the space in which two vertical channels were combined, heat-resistant material - asbestos - is laid.
	13th row. Then, a solid metal plate is laid on the asbestos gasket. In this case, it is not recommended to install a hob with opening burners, since when they are opened, smoke can enter the room.
	14th row. The arranged hole for the chimney pipe is blocked and the wall separating the hob from the stove bench area is raised. Only 5 bricks are used for a row.
	15th row. This row that raises the wall will also require 5 bricks.
	15th row. On the same row, in continuation of the back wall, next to the hob, a metal shelf is fixed, which can be used as a cutting board. It is attached to brackets.
	15th row. The picture-scheme is well modeled how the hob can be used. In this case, the pan is placed exactly on that part of the stove that will warm up first of all, since a hot air stream will pass under it.
	After completion of all the work described in the order, a chimney pipe is built into the hole, from the back of the furnace, which leads out into the street.
	From the back, the design also looks quite neat, so it can be installed both near the wall and in the middle of the room. Such a stove is perfect for heating in a country house. If the stove and chimney are decorated finishing materials, then the building can become an original addition, and very functional, for any private house. As you can see, the corner formed under the cutting shelf is very convenient for drying and storing firewood.
	To fully consider the design, you need to see its projection from the end side.
	And the last figure shows well what should happen as a result of the work done, if you look at the stove from the side of the bench.

Ecology of consumption.Among the diversity wood stoves such a thermal device as a home-made rocket stove deserves special attention. It is distinguished by an original design that does not require expensive materials and components in the manufacture.

Among the variety of wood-burning stoves, such a heating device as a homemade rocket stove deserves special attention. It is distinguished by an original design that does not require expensive materials and components in the manufacture.

Any person can make such a stove, at least a little bit versed in the drawings and able to work with his hands. Our article should come to the aid of such home craftsmen, where we will talk about the design and principle of operation of the rocket stove. Here, recommendations will be given on its manufacture from various materials.

OPERATING PRINCIPLES OF THE ROCKET FURNACE

Although the rocket stove device is quite simple, it successfully uses two whole principles of operation borrowed from other types of solid fuel heaters:
- the principle of afterburning wood gases released during combustion (pyrolysis);
- the principle of free flow of gases through the channels (without prompting from the natural draft of the chimney).

Note. In the simplest rocket stoves for cooking, including the portable type, only the second principle operates, since favorable conditions are not created for the pyrolysis process to proceed.

First, we will analyze the design of direct-burning rocket stoves, designed only for cooking food. Here, a short horizontal section of the pipe serves as a firebox, which then turns upward. The design is simple to disgrace

Fuel is put into the pipe and ignited, resulting in an upward flow of hot gases, which tends to rise along the vertical section and go outside. Here, at the cut of the pipe, a container for food or water is installed. Of course, a gap is provided between the pan and the pipe for the exit of combustion products. This is achieved through various metal supports.

For reference. The above rocket furnace device is one of the first. It is because of the nozzle turned up with a flame escaping from it that the device was called a rocket.

Since it is impossible to heat the premises with such a unit, the design of the heating rocket furnace was supplemented with a heat exchange device and channels for removing flue gases. To keep a high temperature on the vertical section of the pipe, it is insulated with any refractory material. Further, for intensive heat extraction, the nozzle is covered from above with a cap, for example, a conventional metal barrel. A separate channel for supplying secondary air is made in the lower part of the horizontal fire tube.

Now the principle of operation of the rocket furnace looks a little different. Firstly, at the end of the horizontal fire channel, pyrolysis gases are afterburned due to the inflow of secondary air. Secondly, the products of combustion, which have a high temperature, accumulate under the top of the cap (barrel), creating some excess pressure. As heat is transferred to the outside through the metal walls, these gases cool down and rush down.

Since the cooling gases are supported from below by a new hot stream, they cannot descend in the same way, but pass through the space between the walls of the pipe and the barrel, safely exiting into the chimney channel. The flow of processes is well reflected in the scheme of the rocket furnace

So, thanks to pyrolysis, the efficiency of wood combustion increases, and the use of free gas flow creates a self-regulating system that limits the flow of fresh air into the firebox. The air mixture is supplied as the combustion products under the hood cool down, making room for its new portion. The excess pressure of hot gases "pushes" the cooled part out, so the operation of the furnace depends little on the presence of draft in the chimney.

HEAT REMOVAL EFFECT

The gases entering the chimney are still at a high temperature. Just throwing them out is impractical, everyone will understand that the efficiency of such an installation will be too low. Taking advantage of the fact that the rocket stove literally pushes the combustion products out, the craftsmen invented 2 ways of heat extraction:
- passing gases through the channels arranged under the bench;
- installing a water circuit on the stove.

A rocket furnace with a water circuit is made without a hood, the force of the upward flow of combustion products is used in a multi-pass heat exchanger made of metal. It is not recommended to introduce a coil with water into the gas flow, it will not last long due to too high a temperature. It would be more correct to make a water jacket with metal fins inside the flue

Another way is to lay out horizontal chimney channels from bricks directly on the floor surface and arrange a chic heated adobe couch on top by connecting a rocket-type stove to it. Here, the correct selection of the length of the channels is important so that there is enough excess pressure to overcome them, otherwise you still have to take care of the organization of natural draft.

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

Homemade long-burning rocket stoves have many admirers, and here are the reasons:

Easy and low cost of installation: to build such a heating device, you do not need to carry high costs for the purchase of expensive materials, fixtures and fittings. Experience in the furnace business is also required minimal;

Self-regulation and undemanding to the natural draft of the chimney;

The efficiency of the furnace - rocket is a variable value and largely depends on the design, the main thing is to maximize the removal of thermal energy from flue gases;

Fuel can be added "on the go".

Despite the attractiveness and simplicity of the unit, heating with a rocket stove has its negative points. It is a mistake to think that you can shove firewood of any quality into the firebox. Wet wood will not give the required temperature in the chamber, the pyrolysis process will not proceed. In the worst case, the smoke from the stove can pour into the room. Also, the “rocket” needs constant supervision, especially in terms of fire safety.

Do-it-yourself rocket stoves are of little use for a bath, because they give off relatively little heat in the infrared range, which is very important for a steam room. The surfaces of the stove that radiate heat are too small and it will not be possible to heat the bath properly.
For reference. A factory-made Robinson metal rocket furnace is often used as a portable heat source. The craftsmen were not at a loss here either and quickly modernized this product, having done the same, only with a grate.

FURNACE FROM A CYLINDER

This is one of the most simple options, you can use the drawing below to implement it. A propane tank with a diameter of 300 mm will serve as an excellent cap, and a steel pipe with a size of 150 mm will play the role of a firebox and a hopper. The internal vertical channel is made of a pipe with a diameter of 70 mm, and a chimney - 100 mm

The design is completely welded, the pipes are cut to the required length, and the upper part of the cylinder is cut off. Then the parts are welded according to the drawings, only the opening between the vertical pipes with a diameter of 70 and 150 mm is filled with loose heat-insulating material. Perlite or vermiculite can act as such, in extreme cases - ordinary sand.
If there is an opportunity and desire to make a more powerful rocket furnace, then a standard 200-liter barrel is used as a cap, then the dimensions of all parts also increase. working inner pipe accepted with a diameter of 129 mm (or profile 120 x 120 mm), and the outer one - with a size of 450 mm. It is difficult to pick up a pipe of this diameter, so they usually find another barrel of a smaller capacity and cut off its bottom

The entire rocket furnace from a gas cylinder assembly is not very heavy, so it is not necessary to arrange a massive foundation for it. When the unit is placed on the floor, legs are welded to it, and if a stove bench is subsequently planned, then the structure will have to be coated with a refractory compound, and then the outer lining should be made. Then basalt cardboard and a sheet of roofing iron are laid on the floor from below.

BRICK OVEN

In terms of its design, a brick rocket furnace is not much different from a metal one, but it requires a lot of labor. The difference is that all fire channels of the unit are made of fireclay bricks, and the cap is made from the same barrel.

The entire structure, except for the protruding cap, is recommended to be lowered below the floor level, for which a shallow hole is dug. Its bottom is compacted, and then a small concrete foundation 100 mm thick is poured along the formwork. After it hardens, laying begins, using a solution of refractory clay. After the laying is completed and the mortar has hardened, the pit is filled up, and an iron barrel without a bottom is put on top of the fire channel, the cavity between it and the brick is covered with insulation.

The end of the structure is coated with the same solution, and then the largest barrel is put on top - a cap. A chimney pipe is welded to its lower part, drawings of a rocket furnace are used to clarify all sizes.

Conclusion
For all its advantages, a do-it-yourself rocket stove cannot serve as a full-fledged source of heat for heating the whole house. It makes sense to start such construction when it is necessary to organize the heating of a small cottage or other similar building, especially since the “rocket” is not afraid of periodic work. published