Mini workshop production of furniture boards as a business. Technological process for the manufacture of panels Technology for the manufacture of furniture panels from pine

Today, handmade furniture items are very popular. After all, it is in them that the master can embody all his original ideas to help decorate and make individual interior dwellings. In this regard, the question arises, how to make.

A furniture shield can be purchased at a hardware store, or you can make it yourself, while saving money.

Many people who have never been involved in gluing boards believe that there is nothing complicated in this process and the technology of work is quite simple. But gluing shields is far from simple work containing many features.

The quality of a furniture board is influenced not only by the material and its texture, but also by the skill of the craftsman to combine the pattern of wood, the accuracy of the joint and the quality of the glue.

Properly prepared shields have the following characteristics:

• preserve the natural texture and pattern of wood;
• do not shrink, deform or crack;
• are an environmentally friendly material;
• regardless of the size of the blanks, the shields can have any required dimensions.

Material selection and preparation

Having decided to make any piece of furniture, you need to choose the right material. Typically, furniture panels are used in production, having a thickness of 2 cm (or 20 mm). This means that at home it is necessary to make blanks of a similar thickness. This is where the difficulties begin: boards with a total thickness of 20 mm are not suitable for gluing a shield. Even the most ideal wood when gluing will require additional processing. It will need to be cut or sanded. Therefore, the boards must be taken with a margin.

The best option for the manufacture of furniture panels is boards with a thickness of 2.5 cm. An allowance of 0.5 cm is removed in 2 steps: when processing surface defects before gluing and when finishing after it. Thus, the workpiece is brought to a thickness of 2 cm.

When choosing a material, you should immediately abandon warped or uneven wood. It is better to cut blanks from massive board at least 5 cm thick: cutting it lengthwise into 2 parts, you will get boards with the same color and texture. You also need to pay attention to the length of the blanks. It should have a margin of 2 to 5 cm, which will allow high-quality processing of the end sections of the glued panels.

To make the material with your own hands at home, you need to prepare the usual carpentry tools:

The device of the machine for gluing workpieces.

• planer or jointer;
• surface grinders and belt grinders;
• coarse sandpaper;
• level;
• corner;
• machine for gluing workpieces.

You will also need to prepare the wood from which the bars will be cut. It is better if these are wood species such as pine, aspen, birch or oak. Every furniture board made from bars of the same breed. Typically, the dimensions of the bars have a ratio of width and thickness of 1:1, but other dimensions, for example, 1:3, can be used.

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Algorithm and manufacturing rules

After the material has been prepared, its surface must be carefully sanded, and then the wood should be cut into bars of the required size. Cuts must be made strictly at an angle of 90 degrees. If any defects or irregularities form, the shield will fail. In some cases, small distortions can be eliminated with a planer or jointer.

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Combination of elements

An extremely important stage is the combination of blanks in color, texture and pattern. There is no need to hurry here, it is necessary to match the bars to each other as accurately as possible. A properly glued shield should be of the same uniform color, with a continuous pattern across the entire width. If parallel lines of the pattern pass along one edge of the workpiece, they must also pass along the other edge of the product.

In the case when the bars are glued incorrectly, the inverted shield looks like a fence made of separate boards. To prevent this from happening, you must try to choose wood for the product with a straight, and not a curvilinear or oval arrangement of fibers. In addition, close attention must be paid to the orientation of annual rings on wood cuts. They are arranged according to two main principles:

Each wood has its own shade, so it is very important to choose the right color for each board.

• plots (boards from which the furniture board is made) alternate in the direction of the rings;
• the plots are glued together so that all the rings look in the same direction.

In the first case, the surface of the shield after manufacturing has a slightly wavy pattern resembling numerous deflections. With the second method, the pattern resembles one large deflection. This manufacturing method can be used when working with hard and stable woods, such as cherry.

The orientation of annual rings should also be taken into account in the manufacture of furniture for various purposes. So, when assembling countertops that experience little stress and almost do not warp, this factor may not be decisive. And in the manufacture of door panels or massive tables that do not have reinforcing elements, preference should be given to assembly by alternating rings on bars.

After all the elements are matched to each other, they are marked with triangles. This allows you to fold the bars during gluing the way you intended.

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Preparation and gluing blanks

In order to glue the furniture board with high quality, it is necessary to design a simple device. The main feature of such a device should be its flat surface. Prepare the following materials:

To grind the shield, you can use a grinder.

• chipboard sheet;
• 4 planks with a height equal to the height of the bars;
• 2 wedges;
• self-tapping screws or several clips.

The next step is to assemble the device. Lay the chipboard sheet on the table. Planks are installed along the sheet with clamps or self-tapping screws. Prepared slats are laid out between the slats according to the marks made during their sorting. The principle of operation of the device is shown in the diagram: image 1.

Then coat each of the sides of the bars in contact with each other with glue. Any glue used to glue wood elements will work here. It can be PVA or "Joiner". A soft brush is used to apply the glue, but you can work by smearing the composition with your finger. In this case, it is necessary to ensure that there is enough glue for gluing the elements, but not very much.

All glued surfaces are tightly pressed against each other. To fix the future shield on the edges of the slats, 2 more slats are installed perpendicular to them. They can also be fixed with clamps or screws. The slats protect the elements lubricated with glue from bending and deformation.

For tighter contact, the bars can be pressed against each other with wedges. The wedges are driven under the slats until drops of glue appear between the blanks. This is the first sign that there is sufficient pressure on the workpieces for high-quality gluing. In this position, the shield should be left for no more than 1 hour. Then it is taken out and dried during the day.

Such products are a product of complex processing of wood material. The production of a furniture board, during which a monolithic finished product is obtained from individual wooden bars by processing and gluing, allows you to save money and maximum efficiency use timber.

Scope of furniture board

The products are a safe material, which allows them to be widely introduced in factories as furniture semi-finished products for the manufacture of facades, panels, window sills, cabinets, and shelving.

In construction, shields are used when installing stairs:

• steps;
• balusters;
• railing;
• sites;
• stringers.

In the interior of children's rooms, corridor kitchens, walls and ceilings are decorated with wooden panel panels. The size of a furniture board is on average from 20 to 40 mm thick, it can change depending on the wishes of the customer.

Softwood processing technology

The raw material for the production of wooden panels is unedged and edged boards from coniferous or hardwood species - ash, birch, oak. Most often, material from coniferous species (pine, spruce) is used, it is cheap and can be processed.

The shield is a worthy replacement for an array, thanks to more efficient use material, while maintaining quality characteristics but at low cost.

Technological operations, as well as control during the manufacturing process, must be strictly observed so that at the output the product turns out to be of high quality, meets the necessary requirements and norms of the standard, and also has an aesthetic appearance.

In the manufacture of shields, several types of boards are used, which allows you to expand the price range for the finished product by breaking it down by grade.

Depending on the area in which the shields will be used, they are made single-layer and multi-layer.

In the first option, bars, slats or boards are glued along the wood fiber, resulting in a shield with a thickness of 15 to 60 mm.

The multilayer product has two front sides and several odd inner layers. They are laid out symmetrically in thickness, and general meaning the height of the lamella is often 70–80 mm.

Stages of production of glued furniture board:

• processing (trimming) and sorting of blanks;
• identification of defective areas and cutting the workpiece in width;
• processing according to specified parameters with simultaneous removal of erroneous zones;
• connecting pieces along the length, applying glue;
• product packaging;
• elimination of incorrect seams;
• final calibration and polishing;
• cutting the finished material to the specified dimensions.

Conditions for opening a business for the production of furniture panels

The demand for this type of product is quite high, the production of wooden panels is a good idea to create your own business. For the assembly and sale of small wholesale lots of goods, it is more expedient to open a small workshop, where it will perform longitudinal cutting and gluing of lamellas.

But a profitable option would be to create an object near the forest, where trees are cut down, and there are also sawmills for getting boards and timber. But working with imported raw materials will be a profitable business.

To do this, you need to rent a warehouse or workshop, the structure of which includes:

• Administrative premises.
• Warehouse with timber and separately - finished products and the territory where the necessary equipment will be installed.
• The size of the workshop space often depends on the dimensions of the machine park. To organize your own business, you need to draw up a plan and calculate all the risks.

It is easy to rent equipment for production or take out a loan and purchase used but working machines.

Technical equipment and its features

For the production of furniture panels, the following industrial equipment is required:

• Drying chambers for wood preparation - there are vacuum, convective type, aerodynamic.
• Universal woodworking machines - Winner Blazer and Warrior units have proven themselves.
• Double-sided thicknessers for domestic-made lamellas, as well as Ostermann, GRIGGIO.
• Clamps for gluing the shield: fan - from RAUTEK, INDUK, pneumatic - Stromab.

And also installations for optimization of face cutting allow to receive a minimum of waste. There are walk-throughs - for piece processing from Quadro and devices with a Cursal pusher - for obtaining a bunch of boards.

The equipment for splicing along the length allows you to connect short workpieces into lamellas, a feature that makes it possible to transform the marriage into a working material. Automatic, semi-automatic lines, tenoning machines Beaver and OMGA.

Adhesive application systems are used for flat surfaces to evenly distribute the adhesive. For gluing the timber, the composition is applied directly on the KM-250 machine.

Designed for cutting materials along and across. There are: with a ball carriage - Ostermann, a roller carriage - FILATO, format-cutting centers - SELCO.

Additionally, in the production, machines are used for artificial aging or brushing of wood. To obtain the unique texture of the furniture board, special abrasive brushes or GRIGGIO sanding drums are used and domestic models- from the company "Elmediagroup" - KS200, KS1.

Benefits and applications

Shields are widely in demand in furniture production, as finishing material for interiors. Due to the textured texture of wood, products are used for production as typical furniture and for individual orders.

Despite a fairly large range of other materials (chipboard, MDF), glued laminated timber products are in demand due to many advantages.

Furniture panels, unlike the array, do not shrink, so the dimensions remain the same over time. This feature allows you to significantly save on the use of the material.

Panel products are environmentally friendly, so they are used as decoration for children's rooms and for the manufacture of teenage and other furniture. The technology of manufacturing wooden boards makes it possible to use wood efficiently, which saves money and helps to save the forest from large areas of deforestation.

The resulting material acquires a decorative look by giving a beautiful texture to the wood using the brushing (sanding) operation, which makes it possible to use furniture boards for finishing various rooms.

Possibility to make a furniture product of any size and thickness, depending on the wishes of the customer. Production of furniture boards - good idea for a business project, there is a constant demand for such products, especially for high-quality and relatively inexpensive products. Wood details are widely used by craftsmen both for the manufacture of furniture and for interior decoration, also due to the affordable price.

The modern production of glued panels is a business with a short payback period and constant profit. Initial costs will be returned by the owner within the first 6 months, and a wide material base will reduce this figure by half.

Video: Production of furniture board

Many of us would like to have our own business instead of hired work - after all, businessmen have the opportunity to receive a high income and at the same time remain in their favorite pastime. Any, very tiny business raises the prestige of a person, and he no longer depends directly on the various whims of employers.

A very good thing is our own line for the production of furniture panels. To do this, you need to organize the work of a woodworking shop, which will specialize in this particular product. And with such specialization, the production of custom-made furniture is not far at all. In the article we will try to figure out how the business of manufacturing furniture panels begins.

Our business valuation:

Starting investment 2,750,000 rubles.

Market saturation is average.

The complexity of starting a business is 7/10.

Organization of production of furniture boards

To engage in the manufacture of furniture panels, opening a small-scale wholesale production, you need to buy equipment for the production of furniture panels. Of course, you can take a pure furniture direction of production, but where is the guarantee that the manufactured furniture will be in demand by buyers? But the furniture board allows you to create a regular clientele of small wholesale customers who can provide a reliable and constant income. The sale of furniture boards does not create any problems when modern development furniture industry and construction.

Of course, it is more profitable to open a panel production in a place close to the developed forest areas, close to sawmills. Indeed, in this case, lumber will be much cheaper. But good results are given by woodworking shops and imported raw materials. It is important that the distance over which the timber will be delivered is not very large.

Technology for the manufacture of shields from coniferous species

Furniture panels are made from pine edged boards. It is also allowed in the manufacture of wooden furniture panels to use a board that is not trimmed, but High Quality. At the same time, the material is subjected to mandatory deep machining followed by gluing. In the production of pine furniture panels main feature is that in this case, natural wood is used more efficiently, and the product itself has a significantly lower cost than solid wood. After all, the cost of producing furniture panels from solid wood is much higher.

If several types of wood are used, then the manufactured products are divided by grade, which makes it easier to determine their cost. This is convenient when building trade relations with customers - furniture companies. The texture of wood and its pattern give them the opportunity to sort furniture into author's and made according to individual orders of customers. Products using natural wood, which is of good quality, is widely in demand in our time. All these motives may well inspire an enterprising person to open a factory for the production of furniture panels in Russia.

Advantages of structural wood materials:

• new manufacturing technologies favorably preserve and emphasize the texture of natural wood;
• structures created by gluing differ from arrays in that they are able to subsequently retain their geometric dimensions and do not shrink;
• boards made using the gluing technology are an environmentally friendly product that can be used without restrictions for the production of furniture and finishing works in room;
• glued furniture boards can be made in any size, regardless of the size of the lumber used for this.

The production of furniture semi-finished products, which are reliably in high demand among customers, is a good basis for a woodworking business. The technology for the production of furniture panels involves the use of both hardwoods and conifers, among which pine is the most profitable and expensive.

Stages of production of glued furniture board:

• drying of incoming timber;
• processing of defective areas and calibration;
• dissolution of the source material, elimination of identified minor shortcomings;
• cutting according to the specified parameters with the removal of low-quality sections;
• connection of lamellas "into a spike", application of glue;
• secondary calibration, removal of adhesive residues;
• gluing furniture panels;
• removal of seams with defects;
• trimming the finished shield according to a given format;
• final calibration with grinding.

Along with the use of pine as a raw material, the production of furniture panels from oak is also widespread. Despite the high density of this type of wood and, accordingly, the severity of furniture made from it, customers are constantly interested in such products. After all, they are durable, have a beautiful texture and are very durable.

The production of furniture panels made of birch deserves special mention. It is a white, resilient and hard wood species. It has a moire pattern with iridescence, a silky matte sheen. Along with a beautiful appearance, birch also has a very high strength, resistance to splitting. All these qualities are also possessed by a furniture board made of birch.

Ash and larch have an unusually beautiful structure. These species are much rarer, but are also used in woodworking.
A separate part of the business is the manufacture of custom-made furniture panels. The work requires a quick reconfiguration of equipment, a change in the established technological regime. But the cost of custom-made products is much higher. Before accepting orders for non-standard shields, you should think about and calculate everything. If the machines are fully loaded on standard products and there is a high demand for them, then it is unprofitable to work on order.
Chipboard (chipboard) is one of the most popular materials for making furniture. It is very important that this material is obtained from woodworking waste, does not have a certain fiber orientation and is much cheaper than other types of raw materials for furniture production. Laminated furniture board is obtained by coating the surface of chipboard sheets with laminate.

Equipment for starting a business

To open a new enterprise, you need to make purchases of the following equipment:

• steam dryer;
• four-spindle universal machine;
• double-sided thicknesser;
• hot press for furniture board;
• optimization line;
• end connection ruler;
• clamps for gluing furniture boards;
• machine for applying glue;
• clamps for gluing furniture panels;
• machine for cutting products according to the format;
• aging apparatus to improve the texture of products.

It is very important that some of the listed machines can be made by hand, having at least not great experience equipment design. This will be a significant cost savings at the start of production. Many large trading companies offer their customers equipment on lease or on credit. Of course, to pay for everything, you will need to work hard.

A good option would be to buy used equipment. In any case, with this option there will be no large debts. Based on the list compiled, the price of equipment for the manufacture of furniture panels will be approximately 2,200,000 rubles.

Financial planning

Main customers finished products workshops are companies that are engaged in the production of furniture from furniture board. It is important that these are solvent partners and that they do not create delays in the transfer of money for the products received.

Given that the pine shield has a price of 130,000 rubles. per cubic meter, and the cost of an unedged pine board is 9,000 per cubic meter, the benefits of engaging in this production are obvious. When organizing a business and with incomplete loading of equipment in the first three months of work, 19 cubic meters of products can be produced. And the cost of the specified volume of finished products will be 2,500,000 rubles.

Of course, there will be large deductions for the operation of equipment and for the wages of workers. Together with utility bills, the total amount of expenses will be 430,000 rubles per month. The cost of purchasing raw materials usually does not exceed 10% of the amount of sales of marketable products, which is 260,000 rubles. Even taking into account VAT and income tax, the income for a month of work will be at least 1,500,000 rubles.

There is a pattern in business - the more expensive the equipment is, the more significant the production itself, the more profit the entrepreneur can count on. If no mistakes are made in planning and organizing work, then any equipment pays off within one and a half to two years. This is what you should focus on when starting a business. And, of course, not to make serious miscalculations in the organization of the workflow.

Organization of a mini-workshop.

Choice - Room.
Equipment for the production of furniture boards.
Staff.
Investments in mini business.
Financial plan.
Payback periods.
Marketing.
Advertising.
Sales of products.

Almost every person would rather have their own business than work as an employee. There are several reasons for this. First of all, business owners have the opportunity to do what they love and have a higher income. Owning even a small business is prestigious. Independence from external conditions and whims of the employer is also an important plus.

In this review, we want to talk about the woodworking workshop and the manufacture of furniture panels. Being engaged in the production of furniture boards, the workshop can also produce designer furniture, while there will be two independent sources of income and two client portfolios. So, where to start organizing a business and a woodworking workshop and the production of furniture panels?

Organization of a mini-workshop.
For small wholesale production of furniture panels, it will be necessary to open a small woodworking enterprise, on the basis of which furniture panels will be produced. Of course, it is possible to focus production on the production of furniture, but it is not a fact that it will be in demand. The release of the furniture board allows to form a portfolio of regular small-scale wholesale customers, respectively, to ensure a constant income for the woodworking shop.

It can be advised to open a mini-workshop in areas where felling is carried out and lumber production is available, but even when purchasing wood with delivery to the region, the business will be quite profitable. Let's consider it in detail.

Furniture shield, as a rule, is purchased furniture production. Manufacturing features, respectively, suggest a different texture and pattern of wood, which can distinguish author's furniture of mass and individual production. Despite a fairly wide offer, new wood-panel products with good workmanship are in demand on the market.

The main advantages of furniture structural material include:
- the use of new gluing technologies makes it possible to preserve and emphasize the natural texture of wood;
- glued structures, in contrast to the array, retain their dimensions unchanged and practically do not shrink;
- glued furniture panels are an environmentally friendly product used for the production of furniture and interior decoration;
- for production, you can make a furniture board of any size, which, accordingly, reduces the cost of inefficient use.
The production of furniture panels is good foundation for any woodworking business, as there is a steady demand. Hardwood and coniferous wood species are used as raw materials for production, pine is considered the most cost-effective material.
The production process of glued furniture board consists of the following stages, it is understood:
- drying lumber preferably in our own drying chambers, this will ensure high quality products;
- calibration and processing of lumber defects;
- dissolution of wood into lamellas and removal of defects;
- trimming to the required size and removal of defective places;
- splicing of blanks (along the length), jagged spikes are cut out at the ends of the blanks and glue is applied, trimming is carried out in size;
- calibration of the lamellas in order to remove the adhesive layer and obtain geometrically accurate blanks;
- gluing of lamellas and gluing into a shield;
- cutting out defective seams.
- panel formatting with cutting in width and format cutting;
- clean calibration and final grinding.

Each process involves the performance of work on a special machine, part of the production processes can be carried out on semi-industrial woodworking machines, but it will still be necessary to mechanize and automate production as much as possible in order to obtain a high-quality product. The size and characteristics of the workshop premises will depend on the number of machines purchased.

Choice - Room.
A room for a mini workshop for the production of furniture panels is usually chosen in an industrial area. To do this, you will need to rent a warehouse or workshop at a territorially convenient enterprise. The workshop infrastructure should include administrative premises - 20-30 sq. meters, a warehouse for lumber and finished products 30-50 sq. meters (preferably divided by different rooms), workshop premises 100-200 sq. meters.

The size of the workshop depends on the dimensions of the equipment. In general, industrial premises are of the same size, characterized by low rents.
The average cost for renting a warehouse will be 15,000-18,000 rubles per month.

Equipment for the production of furniture boards.

Universal four-sided four-spindle machine Winner Blazer BL 4-23 for woodworking is suitable for a high-tech workshop, performs all the described operations. You can choose from inexpensive woodworking machines, their price is 12,000-36,000 rubles;

Double-sided thickness gauge MIDA SPBF-2S/500 or MB-2061 for lamellas, respectively, of Portuguese and Chinese production. Thickness gauge JET JWP-12 m can be purchased for 18,000 rubles;

OMGA optimization line of the T 2000 NC series, a used Russian machine can be purchased for 640,000 rubles;
- end splicing line OMGA FJL-183, the Russian version will cost 144,000 rubles, a semi-automatic machine will cost about 56,000 rubles;

Glue application machine OSAMA S2R-1600, you can purchase a less expensive version of the machine for about 220,000 rubles;

Fan clamp TRIMWEX INDUK type SL(P), used clamp can be purchased for 300,000 rubles;

A machine for aging wood in order to obtain a unique texture of a furniture board will cost 320,000 rubles;

Some types of machines listed can be made independently. Accordingly, this will significantly reduce the amount of investments. When preparing a business plan, there are two ways to go. To purchase new or overhauled equipment on credit or leasing, most companies offer favorable conditions, respectively, you only need to work hard to pay for the equipment. The second way involves the purchase of used equipment at your own expense. This option also has advantages - you do not need to pay off debts.

Staff.
The number of workers in mini-shops usually consists of 5-15 people. As a rule, workers and carpenters also perform work on loading and unloading raw materials and goods. In general, you will need to hire the following employees, it is better to choose people with work experience or technical education:
Shop manager (he is also the owner and main foreman) - 70,000 rubles / month;
Accountant-secretary - 25,000 rubles / month;
2 professional carpenters-masters - 2 * 40,000 rubles / month;
2 apprentice assistants - 2*20,000 rubles/month;
1 machine operator - 50,000 rubles / month;
1 locksmith - 30,000 rubles / month;
1 loader - 20,000 rubles / month;
1 cleaner-storekeeper - 15,000 rubles / month;
2 watchmen - 10,000 rubles / month;
TOTAL: 350,000 rubles / month.

To work at an enterprise, it is necessary to conclude a contract with workers, as well as take out insurance, since work in production causes risks to health and life in violation of technical safety standards.

Investments in mini business.
The necessary investments will depend on the capacity of the workshop for the production of furniture panels and the level of its equipment. Required:
- rent a room for production, prepare it for the deployment of the workshop, it may be necessary to repair, install a ventilation system, partitions, doors, gates and checkpoints. These costs are completely dependent on the chosen premises and its equipment. We estimate the cost of this position without rent at 100,000 rubles;
- to purchase or order equipment, the estimated investment in technological equipment will be 1,820,000 rubles (approximately $45,000);
- the purchase of raw materials can be carried out under the order, 50 cubic meters. meters to start will be enough. The average price for 1 cu. m of unedged pine board is 8,000 rubles, respectively, the costs will be 400,000 rubles;
- rent of premises for 3 months - 54,000 rubles.
- salaries for 3 months - 1,050,000 rubles, in this case there may be options, since it is not worth keeping employees without a load. Initially, you can hire an incomplete staff, and later expand it. For the first time months, salary expenses should be limited to 400,000 rubles / month.

Financial plan.
For example, the cost of a furniture board made of SS grade pine is 1,200 rubles per 0.04 cubic meters. meters, respectively, 1 cu. a meter of furniture board will cost 120,000 rubles, while the cost of an unedged board is 8,000 rubles.

First 3 months of work (partial load):
In this case, in order to recoup the costs of maintaining the workshop in the first 3 months:
- 18000 rubles / month. rent + 4000 rubles / month. communal payments;
- 400,000 rubles / month. wages.
You will need to receive an income of 422,000 rubles. When selling per month 20 cubic meters. meters of furniture panels, the turnover will be 2,400,000 rubles in the first months. Board costs: (20 cubic meters + 30% for marriage) * 8,000 rubles = 208,000 rubles. Accordingly, the cost of raw materials will not exceed 10%. The income will be:
2,400,000 (total sales) - 422,000 (costs of maintaining the shop) - 208,000 (costs of raw materials) = 1,770,000 rubles.
The break-even point (based on the cost of raw materials and the maintenance of the workshop) involves the manufacture and sale of 3 square meters. shield meters per month. Do not forget about the payment of VAT, payroll taxes and income tax.

After the workshop reaches its design capacity (50 cubic meters)
After the workshop reaches its design capacity (approximately 50 cubic meters), the income will be:
6,000,000 (total sales) - 105,000 (costs of maintaining the workshop) - 520,000 (costs of raw materials) \u003d 4,430,000 rubles.
The break-even point for the maintenance of the workshop involves the sale of 13 square meters. meters of furniture board.

Payback periods.
Thus, we will make an estimate of the costs of investing in a business and estimate the planned income in connection with the planned production volume.
So, for the first 3 months the workshop will operate in an experimental mode, produce and sell 20 cubic meters. meters of furniture board. Income excluding taxes to be 1,770,000 rubles per month.

According to our calculations, investment in equipment with a fully equipped workshop (see "Equipment") will amount to 1,820,000 rubles. In fact, with a properly established implementation, it is possible to recoup investments already in the first 2 months of the woodworking shop operation. This allows you to think about buying high-quality equipment on lease or on credit. But it is possible to postpone and form a financial asset, and in a year to radically expand production. So from a small workshop, you can create a fairly large woodworking enterprise engaged in the production of not only furniture panels.

Marketing.
Of course, such impressive results can only be achieved if well-established implementation. The task of marketing, which during the first steps of the business is the responsibility of the owner, involves the sale of furniture panels in bulk.

Usually wholesale involves the purchase of 10 cubic meters. meters. In practice, first of all, you need to conclude an agreement with two wholesale buyers. To do this, you need to offer more low price products.

In the following months, the portfolio should include 5 large customers. All this involves preliminary negotiations with customers and their search.

Advertising.
Obviously, in the first months of operation, a mini workshop for the production of furniture panels should be focused on attracting wholesale customers in order to reach the break-even point. At the same time, working with wholesalers does not at all exclude the sale of the shield at retail or in small wholesale markets.

Any advertisement should be targeted at a potential consumer group. In our case, these are furniture enterprises. To present information about the new production, you will need to make booklets or brochures that describe the workshop and its capabilities. For advertising in the markets among small wholesale and retail buyers, you will need business cards and pocket calendars, which can be left in stores and on stalls. We must not forget that an online store will help sell goods.

Advertising costs will be:
- brochures 1000-2000 pcs. - 16,000 rubles;
- booklets 1000-2000 pcs. - 6000-8000 rubles;
- pocket calendars 1000 pcs. - 3000 rubles;
- online store - 8000 rubles with advertising.

If an active advertising campaign is required, this should be done by a separate employee - an advertising manager. Wage manager can be contractual and amount to about 15,000 rubles for part-time work. In some cases, the functions of an advertising manager are taken over by an accountant. For them, it is quite enough to order and receive products, as well as close financial documents.

Note that the creation of a site does not at all imply that it can be found without additional efforts. This is what a content manager usually does, who promotes the site in social networks, search engines and forums. Typically, such specialists work on a contractual basis based on volume, so the costs can be planned in the process of operating activities.

Sales of products.
Sales of products for the first months of operation of the shop are usually carried out by managers. At the next stage, sales agents, managers are involved in the work and a sales department or sales department is created. Most sales agents work on a percentage of sales, so the owners of enterprises motivate traders to conclude more contracts, from which they are paid a constant percentage.

The independent work of the sales department gives a good result, the task of agents is to organize sales, the task of the workshop is to produce quality products. The functions of the sales department are supplemented over time by the functions of the advertising and marketing department, which must generate productive sales concepts, constantly replenishing the portfolio of large and small buyers.

In fact, the proposed review is an instruction on how to create a small woodworking shop and develop it to the level of a large woodworking factory. With a pragmatic approach, building a large business from scratch is possible even today.
We wish you good luck in your first steps and hope that our review has helped readers to start their business and achieve great success. Despite the skepticism of many, it is possible to create a large business from scratch, the main thing is to carefully plan everything and not be afraid of work. Of course, the choice of business direction is of particular importance. It is in this choice that we decided to help you and facilitate the task of planning.

Read also:

Successful busy people must have hobbies. It relieves stress and reduces the risk of a heart attack. You can collect candy wrappers and coins, or you can do a serious craft. For example, glue a furniture board with your own hands. The process is not as complicated as it might seem, but it requires at least a minimal knowledge of the tool.

Tools and materials for the manufacture of furniture panels

• Circular Saw.
• Milling machine.
• Drill.
• Hammer.
• Electroplaner.
• Belt and surface grinders. You can clean the tree with an emery cloth by screwing it onto the block. True, it will take a little longer.
• Reismus.
• Clamps or homemade devices for pulling boards.
• Long metal ruler, pencil, tape measure.
• lumber.
• Plywood and thin slats for rallying the shield.
• Glue.

Preparatory work

First, let's decide what size furniture board we need in order to stock up on a sufficient amount of material. In any case, blanks must be longer and thicker than the final dimensions of the shield. We choose boards from a tree of the same species, dry and even, with a minimum of knots. You also need to know the basic properties of wood. We offer a small carpenter's dictionary, so as not to get confused in terms:

• Plast - wide longitudinal sides of the boards.
• Plots - separate bars, planks, sawn from a wide board.
• Lamels are solid, non-jointed blanks. In fact, the same as the plots.
• Curl - a random arrangement of wood fibers in the workpiece. Occurs when a board is sawn from a butt of a tree.
• Sapwood is the outer layer of wood just below the bark.

According to the advice of the old masters, how to make a furniture board good quality, plots are taken that have a ratio of width to thickness as 3x1. Such a lamella is stable, since the internal tension of the wood is not enough to split the batten. We have all seen boards cracked at the end. This is the case when material stress caused by improper drying splits the workpiece. So, first we dissolve the lumber into slats with a width of no more than 15 cm. In the process of sawing, at the same time we remove all defective sections of the boards.

Before assembling the shield, we take into account that the wood warps in different directions during shrinkage. The strongest - in the direction of annual rings (tangential direction), two times weaker - in the direction of the core lines (radial direction). We glue the sawn blanks in the order indicated on the very first photo:

Shields a and b: heartwood to heartwood, sapwood to sapwood. This will avoid warping when the shield shrinks, which reduces the strength of adhesive joints.

Shields c and d: we orient blanks with pronounced pilosity along the lines of annual rings, then the deformation of the finished shield will be much less.

Step-by-step instructions for making a furniture board

Methods for connecting plots in a shield

How to make a furniture board with your own hands so that in the future the wood retains its original stability? There are several ways to deal with shield buckling caused by sawn timber.

We glue the lamellas on the dowels (the lower shield in photo 6) or use the finishing tips, following the example of the drawing board. To fix short boards, we use a tip with a groove-comb assembly (upper shield in the photo), connected flush with the lamellas. The tip may have a protrusion over one (middle shield) or both layers, depending on the purpose of the product.

If the furniture board is intended to be used in conditions of constant fluctuations in humidity, it would be better not to glue the boards. Compensation of wood with frequent swelling is achieved different ways rallying plots. The upper shield in photo 7 is connected in a quarter, the middle one in a quarter with chamfering from the upper edges. The boards of the lower shield are also cohesive in a quarter, but with a selection of profiled edges on the front side.

Another type of conjugation of plots without the use of glue is the use of flashing strips. The upper shield in photo 8 is pulled together with a regular rail, the middle one - with a profiled bar without grooves, the lower one - with a profiled bar with grooves.

If the furniture board will be operated under constant mechanical load, in conditions of high humidity and temperature differences, then the boards should have a more powerful interface. Photo 9 shows examples of such compounds. The upper shield is assembled on dowels, the middle one - on a plywood rail. The width of the lath should be equal to the thickness of the plots, the thickness of the lath - one third of the thickness of the plots.

The example of the lower shield shows a tongue and groove connection used when laying a floor or facing partitions. All these methods can be used in the manufacture of collapsible panels (for example, for sliding furniture). Glue is not used in these connections.

Gluing the lamellas on the dowels requires perfect accuracy in the location of the holes, otherwise the geometry of the shield will be broken. Nests are marked with markers. Drilling the ends is best done using a drill stand and stop. The depth of both holes in total should exceed the length of the fastener by 2-3 mm.

If not milling machine, grooves and profiles at the ends are removed using a drill mounted on a stand. An appropriate cutter is installed on the tool and high speeds are turned on.

We saw off the assembled, dried and polished shield to the right sizes. Now you can put it to work - make furniture, doors, window sills, sheathe walls and ceilings. Strength, aesthetics, naturalness of furniture panels are best recommendations for building material.

Home / Woodworking / Wood bonding

Bonding wood and wood-based materials

Wood bonding is a common way of joining wood and wood-based materials (plywood, wooden panels etc.) with adhesives.

How to make a kitchen from furniture boards with your own hands

This allows you to obtain products or models in various shapes and sizes, increase their strength and stability, and increase the use of short and low quality wood blanks.

There are the following bonding types: bonding doskovyh or a square piece of wood layers on blocks and edges of sheets, sticking frame panels, bonding placement on the edges of plates or frame, splicing the workpiece are wood mustache or jagged bonding, bonding the tip of the corner, and other joints in the composition of the product and structures, surface claddings of wood and wood-based materials decorative materials from thin sheet metal.

Binding like independent way connections with additional fasteners, screws, screws, nails.

Adhesion is that the liquid wood supported on the adhesive layer penetrates into its extracellular and intracellular space, cured (going from a liquid state to a solid state) and thus holds the mating surfaces of the adhesive layer.

The bonding process consists of methods for selecting and preparing adhesive materials; selection, preparation and use of adhesives on adhesive surfaces; package design; compress and hold bags under pressure until the adhesive becomes solid; technological aging of glued products and structures.

High-quality dry (moisture content 12 ± 3%) wood of the first and second class is used for the production of glued products and structures.

Lumber is allowed. It is better to glue less dense wood (pine, spruce, alder, trill), worse - thick wood (oak, autumn, maple, beech, birch).
Drying of lumber is carried out in drying chambers. Firstly, it is recommended to carry out atmospheric (natural) drying of wood in an air-dry state of wood (moisture content 18-22%), then a chamber (artificial) to the required humidity.

The surface of softwood can be demineralized with resin solvents (turpentine, acetone, gasoline, etc.).

They are expensive, flammable and toxic. Use 4-5% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution or 5-10% sodium salt solution to remove wood used for coating. The solutions are heated to a temperature of 50 ° C and applied to the surface with brushes or brushes. They form soluble soaps with resin, which are then easily washed with warm water or 2-3% sodium solution.

Glued blanks must be processed by design or grinding of their side surfaces in accordance with the technical requirements.

The thickness (thickness difference) of the plugs in the layers in the blocks is ± 0.3 mm. Craft parts should not be visibly swollen, and their adhesive surfaces should be smooth and smooth, free from stains of tar, oil, paint, dust, and other contaminants.

For gluing wood for various purposes and operating conditions of various products and structural strength, water resistance and strength of adhesive joints use a variety of liquid adhesive: casein karbamidofor - formaldehyde, phenol-formaldehyde and other rezorTsinoformaldegidnye.

Casein glue is used in the form of an aqueous solution (without heating) with a concentration of 40-50%.

It is a harmless, hard wood glue that has moderate water resistance, but is not spongy enough to cause the wood to darken.

Synthetic thermosetting (irreversible) water-soluble adducts of urea-formaldehyde are obtained on the basis of resin KF-G, KF-BZ, KF-MX; M-70 and others. They provide high strength and resistance to heat, high water resistance and absolute stability of adhesive joints.

They release free formaldehyde (a toxic substance), forming hard and brittle sticky joints in which large internal stresses due to shrinkage of the adhesive as it heals.

These stresses reduce the strength of adhesive joints and cause bonding of glued products. Hardness of self-adhesive joints at machining with the help of glued parts and products, it has a strong effect on cutting tools. Therefore, plasticizers (polyvinyl acetate dispersion, synthetic latex), PVA are introduced into urea-formaldehyde adhesives.

Gluing wood is carried out in cold and hot modes.

Cold gluing (no heat) reduces energy costs, but it requires a long exposure of the laminated piece under pressure to cure the adhesive and equalize the moisture content of the wood, which results in low hardware capacity and requires large production areas.

Therefore, a hot joint (when heated) is often used.

At the same time, the curing of the adhesive is accelerated and increases the productivity of the equipment, less presses and production space.

Repair of carpentry tools

Spent ax handles (hammers, hammers, saws, planes, chisels, chisels), wooden elements of the tool mark (erunka square, Mälk, thickness) are replaced with new ones. They are made of dry quality hardwoods with a moisture content of no more than 12%.

The technological process of manufacturing carpentry products

The process of manufacturing carpentry and joinery products and structures consists of work operations (certain types of work), which are divided into main (technological) and auxiliary.

When carrying out key operations (sawing, planing, carving, gluing, etc.) change the shape, size and properties of the material or workpiece being processed, and the resulting connection is serial element in finished products or structures as requested technical documentation. Ancillary operations include accounting and sorting, size and quality control, stacking, moving through trade and other operations.

All work (main and auxiliary) is considered as a production process, and the cumulative and clear sequence of basic (technological) operations is a technological process.

The mass flow of processed materials and empty parts is the product flow.

Distinguish between individual, serial and mass production of wood products. In individual production, products are produced in large quantities, and mass production is carried out sequentially. Serial production can be small, medium and large. In mass production, products of the same type are produced continuously for a long time and in large quantities (furniture, joinery and building products).

furniture board– a building material made of high quality wood, which is used in the furniture manufacturing process, floor covering, stairs, various interior items.

Often it is used when working with the interior decoration of a room.

Do-it-yourself furniture shield at home

A furniture board is made by deep processing of wood in accordance with GOST, following all generally accepted measures. There are two types of furniture board, in which the wood is dried until the moisture content is less than 8%:

- Solid - made using solid wood;

- Finger-jointed - made by combining and processing lamellas, which are obtained after sawing or planing a solid wood different breeds tree.

The use of spruce, pine, oak, birch, maple, larch, ash and many other types of wood in the manufacture of furniture panels indicates a decent choice of material, allowing the buyer to find the ideal option based on personal needs. For example, an oak shield is suitable for making high-strength lifting frames, since oak is considered the material least susceptible to breakage when colliding with heavy objects.

Modern technology makes it possible to obtain a high-quality spliced ​​furniture board, which is not inferior in strength and durability to a solid one. However, a shield made in this way can reduce production costs, which will further affect the cost of the finished product.

As for the use, wood panels are used in the process of making furniture of the most different types. The material is selected in such a way that its characteristics correspond to the intended direction of operation of furniture and interior items. Cost, of course, will speak about the quality of the product. This means that the low price of a furniture board is justified by the presence of knots, resin pockets and minor mechanical flaws. This kind of material is popular in the production of a product that is to be further processed.

It is also worth saying that the price of high quality shields is absolutely justified. Such material is distinguished by the absence of flaws and is used both for the production of a finished item, and for facing various kinds of products and decorative components of the interior.

When choosing a furniture board, you need to rely on the following characteristics:

- type of tree species;

- compliance with price and quality;

- view of the shield itself (solid or spliced);

- material parameters.

It should be noted that the reputation of the manufacturer is also important when buying a product.

The furniture board has its advantages. One of its absolute advantages is the fact that the use of such a board in the manufacture of furniture leads to a high-quality, environmentally friendly and durable product. Also, one cannot help but recall the aesthetic appearance of the resulting furniture.

The furniture panel production technique preserves the naturalness of wood, protecting the material from possible cracks and other deformations. Respectively appearance the finished product is distinguished by its attractiveness.

When arranging an apartment, you have to answer thousands of questions, and one of the main ones is: how to choose a kitchen?

Do-it-yourself furniture shield - the subtleties and nuances of manufacturing

It is not only about the style and color of furniture, but also the material, texture, design features. This issue is of particular relevance if the room has non-standard shapes and sizes, and often find the perfect kitchen it is simply impossible, and making it to order is an expensive pleasure.

In this case there is optimal solution- make a kitchen from furniture panels with your own hands.

Why was this material chosen? Simply because wood has been and remains the most sought-after raw material for the production of furniture, as it is practical, environmentally friendly and highly decorative. In addition, working with furniture panels does not require much experience and special skills.

Benefits of handcrafted furniture

• The ability to design a kitchen, taking into account the dimensions and architectural features of the room.
• Gain carpentry experience.
• Significant money savings.

In addition, modeling independent production furniture is a pleasure both from the process itself and from the result, as you get truly exclusive high-quality products.

Stage 1.

Design

The first (and main) step on the way to assembly kitchen furniture is project development. Remember the saying “measure twice, cut once”?

This is just the case - at the design stage, you need to take into account all the details, think through all the little things.

It is important not only to determine the number of tables, shelves, bedside tables and other pieces of furniture, but also to detail each element. kitchen interior, given its shape, size, as well as future location and design features.

In addition, it is necessary to prepare a general design project that combines all interior items.

Blueprints kitchens from furniture panels are the most important "documents" on the basis of which you can assemble a beautiful and quality furniture with their own hands, so their development should be given special attention.

Stage 2.

We prepare materials

After careful design, raw materials should be purchased and prepared necessary tools. The main item on the shopping list is a furniture board, which is a wooden sheet consisting of glued lamellas.

One of the best materials for the manufacture of furniture is considered larch wood- it is cheaper than cedar, beech and oak, but almost as good as them in practicality and decorativeness.

Pine furniture board will become a more budgetary material - it loses a little to larch in strength qualities, but differs rich colors and beautiful natural patterns.

It should be added that you should buy a furniture board directly from the manufacturer, which guarantees the best price / quality ratio.

One of the leaders in the production and sale of wooden panels and other wood products is the Angara Plus company, which sells Construction Materials throughout Russia - http://angara-plus.ru/products/mebelnyy-shchit/.

In addition to the furniture board, you need to purchase:

• timber for assembling furniture frames;
• PVA glue for gluing parts;
• material for shelves - glass, plywood or wood;
• sandpaper for grinding;
• fittings - hinges, handles, etc .;
• fasteners;
• finishing varnish.

Stage 3.

Do-it-yourself kitchen installation work from furniture panels is a laborious process that requires patience, accuracy and a lot of free time.

In order for the kitchen to turn out to be of high quality and beautiful, you need to adhere to a few important rules:

• Strictly follow the design project.
• To ensure the rigidity of the furniture frames, cut the ends of the timber at an angle of 45 ° C and connect them with glue or metal corners.
• For upholstery on the sides and front of furniture, use wooden shields 25 mm thick, and for the back walls use 18 mm material.

A kitchen made of furniture boards is not just an opportunity to create exclusive furniture according to an individual project, but also a great chance to save a lot when furnishing an apartment.

construction

In the house of the owner, who is engaged in the construction, repair and construction wooden houses, they often need wide wooden shields. Such panels can be purchased at a retail network or made independently. To connect a quality shield, you need to know some of the secrets of this work.

Acquisition of source material

For the shield, it is necessary to choose high-quality wood boards. The panels must have the same width and moisture, even the fibers along the entire length. Blanks that already show signs of warping should be discarded.
2. The texture of the texture should be the same and not completely different in color. When buying plates, it is advisable to choose them from one fund.
3. The moisture content in wood should not exceed 8-9% for hardwoods and no more than 12-14% for softwoods.
fourth

For shielding, the structure of the lumber texture should be used.

Do-it-yourself technology for gluing furniture boards

You must select radial or intermediate split inserts. Do not use lumber because they are more prone to scratches.
5. Pay attention to the texture lines. If such lines are not parallel, this is a sign that the panels are subject to bending or twisting.
sixth

If you want to glue boards, you need to choose boards up to 120 mm wide. While this increases the number of adhesive seams, it reduces the chance of the final screen bending. Large boards have a lot of internal stress, which leads to scratches and cracking.
7. After the larch lumber is delivered to the workshop, they need to be given a few days to equip them with temperature and humidity.

The working process

1. Hold panels with a thickness of 2-3mm.

If the screen has a slot at a right angle, additional tolerances of at least 50 mm are required and the screen width is at least 15 mm.
second

The layer of all screen plates is aligned on the plane.
3. On the thickness machine, all panels are calibrated to the correct thickness.
4. Then, back on the planner, one edge is strongly angled 90 degrees towards the panel.
fifth

The other edge is cut on the round machine and the saw blades on the handlebar are also removed.
6. Prepare the required number of clamps and a flat surface on which the screen will be protected.

The prepared plates must be immediately attached to the screen. Because delays can lead to intrusion of finished blank parts. If the screen width is large, it should be laid in several parts in stages. The width of these parts should not exceed the width of the working area of ​​the machine so that it can be leveled after gluing.

And from the prepared and calibrated parts, the entire shield is glued together.

Before gluing the shield, it is necessary to create smooth rods with the same thickness on which the prepared slabs are laid. This ensures that the clips without obstruction can be attached to the clamped screen.

Wrap the edges with glue, fix the clips and fix them. The clamping force controls the adhesive that is extruded from the joints. It should form a stable roller. Terminal installation starts from the edge of the screen.

After the first installation and a slight hold immediately on this edge, the fastening clips are installed on all adhesive joints. This is necessary so that the panels do not move towards each other.

Then the next clamp is installed horizontally at a distance of 250-270 mm from the first and from the opposite side of the screen.

At the same time, you should always check that the plates are in the same plane. They are moved if necessary. Install the remaining clips that are exchanged between the top and bottom of the screen.

When you reach the second edge of the screen, use the clips (which are removed from the first edge) to attach the adhesive clips and install the rear horizontal clip.

After about five minutes, the vertical clamp clips are removed to allow the adhesive to dry at those points.

Once the adhesive is pressed out of the joints slightly dry, remove it with a scraper or spatula.

After the end of the glue, the terminals are removed.

On site http://www.foresthouse.ru/- Forest house dedicated to timber products and heating heater sales can also look at various materials on the topic of woodworking and timber construction.

This site contains a large number of unique articles that are useful for beginners and craftsmen who work in the construction of wooden suburban housing.

This article belongs to an expert in the woodworking industry Yury Nikolaevich Zelentsov. Copying the article without written consent is prohibited.

10/21 / 2013Artem Samoilov

Choosing a furniture board: properties and features of the material

Furniture panels are used for both residential and industrial premises - these designs are considered universal.

So, they can be used as a serious fence or decorative element interior. Before making a choice, decide on the possibilities of the room and the main purpose - what are you going to use the furniture boards for? To get started, pay attention to the following points.

What do you need to know?

Before choosing furniture boards, try to answer the following questions. Yes, you can find mutual language with the seller, and also decide on the final choice.

1. What is the humidity level in the room where you are going to install the shield?
2. What kind of load, and in what form (assembled or collapsible) should the oak furniture panel withstand there?
3. What is more important to you: strength or appearance of the product?

If you want to determine the quality of a furniture board, pay attention to the structure of the wood.

We make an original kitchen with our own hands from furniture panels

Also, do not be too lazy to study the markings on the product itself.

Remember that each of the criteria is especially important when choosing. For example, wood constantly absorbs excess moisture. Even if you purchased a varnished product, over time, the shield may change its shape or deform. For one year wooden structure absorbs up to 12% of moisture from its own volume.

As a rule, high-quality shields are made from wooden bars glued and impregnated with a safe compound.

Do not forget that the tree purifies the air and at the same time absorbs harmful substances. Therefore, wooden panels are best used away from aggressive environments (for example, in residential areas).

Interestingly, furniture panels do not deform as quickly as natural wood, since there is no such tension in the structure itself as in solid wood.

They can be modified and turned into very practical furniture. Yes, you can do couch for a nursery, a bed for a bedroom or a partially furnished kitchen.

The disadvantages include the following points. Unscrupulous manufacturers often use wet blanks, so the shield is deformed even during the drying process.

At best, you will get a deformed product, and at worst, cracks and poor-quality seams.