Types and stages of construction of greenhouses. Do-it-yourself greenhouse: the best projects and assembly recommendations Download the greenhouse project from the profile

Grow in our climate good harvest unfortunately almost impossible. Due to the numerous temperature fluctuations, heavy rainfall, strong winds plants sometimes develop extremely poorly. For this reason, every summer resident sooner or later thinks about the creation of a greenhouse project and its construction.

First of all, you should decide on the desired shape of the greenhouse, which is chosen taking into account several features:

• purpose of the greenhouse;
• the location of the greenhouse relative to the sides of the horizon;
• the presence of a shadow from nearby buildings, bushes, trees;
• possible connection of the greenhouse to nearby structures.

In that situation, if nearby buildings or trees cast too much shadow on the side walls of the greenhouse, it is recommended to make one of them tightly closed.

It is desirable to make the roof transparent so that the plants receive the necessary amount of sunlight.

Greenhouse device

The structure of the greenhouse consists of two parts: a translucent material and a frame, which can be made of plastic, steel, wood and aluminum.

Typical diagram of a greenhouse device

Structures that are made using plastic or wood are less durable than aluminum and steel. Plastic is not a very durable material, and wood that has not undergone special treatment quickly rots. As a result of the impact of external environment such frames can quickly become unusable.

Many summer residents who decide to start building a greenhouse prefer wood, as this material is one of the most affordable options.

Before starting work, wood should be treated with special protective equipment, which will increase its service life. All connecting places and rafters must undergo the same processing.

The walls of the country greenhouse are made of film materials or glass. Of course, if you can afford to buy glass, then it is worth giving preference to it, since the film has some drawbacks.

Wooden greenhouse with glass walls

The disadvantages of film materials include:

1. Deformation of the film during sudden temperature changes, as a result of which it may tear;
2. As a rule, the average service life of film coatings ranges from one to two seasons. You will have to change the coverage every year, which is not very convenient;
3. Due to the fact that the film transmits too much sunlight, the temperature in the greenhouse becomes quite high. At night, the temperature in the greenhouse drops noticeably, which entails sharp temperature drops. Naturally, this state of affairs does not have a very good effect on the development of plants.

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Types of greenhouses

Greenhouses for dachas are divided into soil, attached, arched, with a single and gable roof.

Arched greenhouses

Arched greenhouses look like a simple garden greenhouse, with a similar construction principle.

wooden frame

Scheme of a wooden arched frame for a greenhouse

1. First, a foundation is made, for which you can use ordinary wooden posts.
2. Then, with the help of nails, four boards are fastened, which will be the base of the greenhouse.
3. 4 arches are installed on them, at a distance of 1.5 meters.
4. In the extreme arch, a door frame should be installed (as a rule, it is made independently from several bars).
5. The resulting structure is reinforced with a wooden crate.
6. At the end, a film is pulled up, which is nailed to the crate with the help of rails.

On the video you can see how a similar greenhouse was made with your own hands for growing cucumbers and tomatoes measuring 6 by 12 meters.

aluminum frame

Scheme of the device of the aluminum frame of the greenhouse

The design of such greenhouses is a series of aluminum ribs, curved according to a pattern, standing parallel to each other, which are covered with a film on top. Stages of the device of this greenhouse:

1. First, aluminum ribs are driven into the ground.
2. At the top, with the help of brackets, a ridge rail is attached.
3. After that, with the help of screws, two side rails should be fixed.
4. In the place where the door will be located, two rails must be attached to the bracket. In the future, they will act as a doorway.
5. The resulting structure is covered with a film on top.

Ground greenhouses

In our country, such greenhouses are extremely rare, as they are designed for growing plants that do not need too much for development. heat and high humidity.

Small greenhouse buried in the ground

Attached heated greenhouses

The main advantage of the attached greenhouses is their proximity to the house. They are glazed, often supplemented with heaters and automatic irrigation devices. Due to the presence of heaters, they are ideal for year-round growing plants.

For fresh vegetables all year round, many owners of household plots and cottages are thinking about building a winter greenhouse. It has a heating system, so you can grow vegetables even in the northern regions of the country. You can build a winter greenhouse with your own hands - sketch out a project and a drawing, decide on internal device prepare materials and study step by step instructions erection of a building.

All types of greenhouses function in the same way, but winter designs must meet the following requirements:

• provide heating of air and soil;
• withstand high humidity;
• open as much as possible, which is necessary in the warm season;
• well pass the sun's rays;
• have exhaust ventilation;
• have a drain to drain excess water;
• be mechanically strong to withstand snow and wind.

When designing a structure, attention should be paid to the following features greenhouses for growing vegetables and herbs in winter:

Gallery: winter greenhouse (25 photos)

Project development

Before erecting a heated structure, it is necessary to draw up its project and sketch a drawing with the estimated dimensions. . Stages of project preparation:

1. Decide on the type of construction, the quality of the foundation, the type of heating, the thickness of the polycarbonate for the ceiling and walls, the location of the vents, and which profile will be used.
2. The drawing marks the connection points of the elements, and with what they will be attached.
3. Separately, a drawing of the heating system is made. Having decided what kind it will be, you should draw a plan for its placement.

Preparing the greenhouse for winter in autumn

To make it easier to do the construction with your own hands, it is recommended to make drawings in multiple projections:

• foundation - top, side and front;
• view of the greenhouse - top, side and front;
• heating system and boiler - from different sides.

If it is planned to build a structure with an area of ​​\u200b\u200bmore than 10 square meters. meters, then its design should take into account the regulations specified in SNiP on work with a metal profile, as well as on wind and snow loads.

Types of buildings

Before you start designing a winter greenhouse, the types of classification should be taken into account:

Material selection

When building a winter greenhouse with your own hands, it is necessary to take into account that best material for her frame be wood or metal. The bars are selected with a section that can withstand snow and wind loads.

The best microclimate in the building will provide a tree, and wooden blocks more convenient to work with. In the same time metal carcass will last longer.

To cover the winter greenhouse, you can choose:

How to build a greenhouse or greenhouse with your own hands

Properly selected material will help you build a winter greenhouse with your own hands, which will last a long time.

DIY construction

The structure should be erected on a flat area that is well lit and protected from the winds.

The foundation for a winter greenhouse must keep warm in any frost and be durable.

Foundation steps:

1. Dig a trench at least 80 cm deep and at least 20 cm wide along the perimeter of the future structure. The depth of the trench depends on the degree of freezing of the soil, so in Siberia and the northern regions it should be much larger.
2. The bottom of the trench is covered with sand with a layer of 15 cm, which must be well compacted.
3. Sand is covered with waterproofing, formwork is assembled and concrete is poured.
4. The structure is reinforced with iron reinforcement.

The foundation towering several tens of centimeters above the soil surface will make it possible to make high beds, which will greatly facilitate work in the greenhouse.

Frame installation

The construction of the structure should be started only after the foundation has stood well and dried.

Stages of work:

Heating system

When installing a winter greenhouse, be sure heating system needed, which can have several options:

1. Furnace installation. It is cheap and easy to install a wood-burning stove in the greenhouse with your own hands, which will warm the air. The disadvantage of such heating is that the temperature has to be regulated independently, by reducing or increasing the amount of fuel for this. However, a wood stove can be made from improvised materials, for example, from old barrels.
2. Warm beds. Additionally, you can insulate the soil with the help of organic debris in the form of branches, tops, leaves. Large debris is placed under the beds first, and small debris is placed on top of it. poured on top fertile land a layer of 10 cm. During the process of decay, heat will be released and warm the soil.
3. Laying pipes in the ground. Pipes can be drawn from a central or other source of heating and laid in the ground, which they will heat. All pipes are mounted in one system in which water can be heated with the help of electricity.
4. . To save energy costs, the building can be covered with two layers of polycarbonate, and the walls can be deepened to the freezing line. In such a greenhouse, the air temperature, even in severe frosts, will be positive.
5. Combined automated heating. In this case, the earth is warmed up by the polypropylene pipes, and the air - with infrared lamps mounted on top. By connecting a thermostat to such a system, temperature control will be carried out automatically. Combined heating can be equipped with a ventilation system that will turn on when it gets hot in the greenhouse. Such a heating system is sold in stores, but it is quite expensive.

Having decided on the construction of a greenhouse, it is necessary to determine the size, internal layout, and materials. The main criterion influencing the design of greenhouses is the time of its operation. Depending on whether the structure is seasonal or year-round (winter), the shape of the frame, its material, type of heating and type of coating are selected.

This article provides projects for heated greenhouses that you can do yourself. Descriptions and main specifications assembly schemes, assemblies and materials, operation features.

Criterias of choice

Distinctive features of all-season greenhouse projects are:

• Capital model of the structure with a reliable foundation of the tape type;
• The possibility of dividing the usable internal area into zones with different thermal performance;
• Built-in ventilation, lighting and heating system. Most best projects winter greenhouses hand-made provide automatic regulation of temperature and humidity in the room.

Greenhouse project in the drawings - a diagram of a grounded winter structure

Choosing the optimal roof project

Teardrop scheme. The advantage of this scheme is the reduction of snow pressure. Snow just rolls off the roof without stopping. The disadvantage is the complexity of the assembly and installation of ventilation hatches.

Arch scheme. It has a fairly high resistance to wind and snow loads. However, the frame itself must be reinforced with additional jibs. During sunny winter days snow on such a roof melts and freezes with the coating material, which requires periodic cleaning of the surface.

Schemes of the arched greenhouse project

Multifaceted scheme. Transitional option between arched and gable shape. Characterized by high strength and resistance to snow loads. The broken circuit is adapted for seasonal use. The lower segments of the roof can be large ventilation hatches. The main disadvantage of such a project is the high complexity and laboriousness of assembling the frame.

Projects, drawings of a sloping roof for a greenhouse, indicating the main structural dimensions and angles

Single roof. The most common are adjacent projects of greenhouses with heating having a pitched roof. The benefits of this layout for a winter greenhouse are much greater if it is placed on the south side of the house. In this case, savings on heating can be up to 20%. In addition, if the house heating scheme allows, it is possible to connect the greenhouse heating system to it.

Scheme of the wall structure, according to the project, the slope should face south

Double schemes. Typical for projects of greenhouses from shaped pipes or metal corner, channel, I-beam. Tilt angle truss system should be within 20-30°. This is the optimal value that allows the snow to freely leave the plane. This roof is sloping enough not to reinforce rafter scheme additional slopes for protection against wind load.

Scheme of a gable greenhouse with exact overall dimensions

dome schemes. The project is optimally suited for creating a thermos greenhouse with an internal additional layer. The hemispherical shape will effectively reflect heat radiation into the structure. A significant disadvantage of such a scheme is turbulence in convection currents and the formation of stagnant air zones, as a result of very poor ventilation of the room. Metal profiles are used as material and wooden bars. The non-standard shape of the frames can cause certain difficulties in the economical cutting of polycarbonate.

Scheme of a winter greenhouse, drawings and a project for the placement of devices for heating

All wooden elements must be treated with an antiseptic to prevent decay. In addition to building chemicals, you can use drying oil, or used car oil, heated with resin in a 1: 1 ratio.

As a coating, either double-glazed windows with an outer glass with a thickness of at least 4 mm are used. Or polycarbonate sheets of a multilayer profile with a thickness of 10-16 mm.

Important! To ensure sufficient strength, the width of the sheets should not exceed 105 cm for 10 mm sheets and up to 140 cm for 16 mm sheets and more.

Separate structures should be oriented with end walls along the north-south line with a deviation to the west by 15-20 °. This arrangement will give maximum heating. sunbeams V winter period. Greenhouses with a shed roof scheme should have a similar positioning, and be deployed with the slope plane to the east.

Polycarbonate sheets cannot be pressed closely against the frame elements - cold bridges are formed. It is recommended to install it through a thermal insulation pad (polyurethane foam, polyethylene foam, etc.)

seasonal greenhouses

Structures of structures intended for seasonal cultivation of crops do not have such strict requirements for strength. They may well be made of lightweight profiles, and use a film or thin polycarbonate as a coating. The shape of the frame in seasonal projects of polycarbonate greenhouses is not of key importance, it is necessary to focus only on the ease of installation and partly on the cost of the entire product. There are several recommendations, the implementation of which can greatly facilitate the life of a gardener:

• When designing and building a greenhouse, it is necessary to provide a sufficient number of ventilation hatches. It is desirable that they be placed at different levels. Then the convection currents will be able to ventilate the entire volume of the room;
• It is more expedient to install polycarbonate sheets using special profiles that do not damage the coating. So you can dismantle the sheets after the end of the season, which will prevent their damage to the light frame from the snow load;
• The design and design of a do-it-yourself greenhouse made of polycarbonate should provide for the possibility of disassembly for winter storage or moving to a new location.

The device of the greenhouse, drawings and projects of the Mitlider scheme

Conclusion

Summing up, it can be said that optimal scheme polycarbonate greenhouses for seasonal use is Mitlider's project. As a frame material, it is allowed to use a lightweight metal profile for drywall. Coating - reinforced polyethylene film or thin cellular polycarbonate up to 8 mm thick.

For a winter greenhouse on an individual project, the use of double-glazed windows and thick polycarbonate is typical. Gable or drop-shaped frame layout. The layout of the greenhouse inside should include an isolated, fireproof place for installing heating appliances.

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IN modern world not only summer residents put greenhouses on their plots, but glass or film versions of such premises grow next to private buildings. Many people think about building greenhouses for growing vegetables and flowers all year round, where additional heating is needed, someone only grows tomatoes and peppers in the summer. At the same time, it is important to choose the best do-it-yourself greenhouse projects that you can implement and get a big harvest.

Modern warm option for winter

In order for plants to bring a big harvest, you should choose the best greenhouse projects with your own hands, because a lot depends on this choice. Among all the varieties, there are several basic structures that can be built independently:

• Arched. The roof is mounted in the form of an arc, more light penetrates through the structure, while the rays are scattered. This option is also good for winter, since snow does not linger on the surface.

• Shed. Usually located near another building, adjacent to it with one wall. This is a budget option, which additionally saves the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe site. In winter, you will have to remove snow from the roof of the greenhouse yourself.

• The triangular shape gives room for plants, and you can straighten up in it. In this embodiment, you can even equip a recreation area.

• "Khlebnitsa" greenhouse. A great place to protect plants in winter before transplanting into open ground.

Projects can be developed independently. For example, a classic wooden gable version, which is easy to create on your own using glass or film.

The Khlebnitsa greenhouse is original and easy to create, in which you can plant seedlings in early spring, waiting for good weather for planting in open ground.

Features of the greenhouse "Khlebnitsy"

This design does not require a foundation, as it is a temporary option for plants. You can draw up drawings with the dimensions of the Khlebnitsy greenhouse yourself or use ready-made options, for example, like this:

This design has a number of advantages:

• the opening cover facilitates access to seedlings and operation process;
• the entire surface of the earth under the shelter is used, since there is no need to equip paths;
• ease of construction allows each season to change the location if necessary;
• assembly and installation does not take much time and effort, so all the work can be done independently.
• you can vary the length of the structure according to the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe garden.

Thanks to all the advantages, such a design can be considered the best project for a greenhouse.

Related article:

Features of greenhouses for growing vegetables all year round

More and more garden lovers are coming to the conclusion that the best do-it-yourself greenhouse projects are found in models for any season, where you can harvest even in winter. For such structures, it is imperative to create a heating system that will be sufficient to maintain optimal temperature in any season.

When thinking about how to build a greenhouse for growing vegetables or flowers in the winter, you should first decide on the material of manufacture.

Polycarbonate

This material has gained popularity among gardeners, as it has a number of advantages:

• good indicators of thermal insulation;
• the design is 16 times lighter than glass;
• material flexibility.

Note! The flexibility of polycarbonate allows you to create any shape of greenhouses.

Features of the assembly of the arched version:

Helpful information! Open honeycomb planks can be sealed with sealant to reduce heat loss.

You can carry out independent installation and assembly of winter greenhouses made of polycarbonate with heating. You should follow the above recommendations, as well as prepare a drawing in advance, taking into account the dimensions of the greenhouse and summer cottage. The location is close to communications so that there are no problems with heating.

Related article:

Brick with gabled roof

Proven design for year-round harvest, great for areas with severe frosts. But such a design will require large cash costs. It consists of two rooms:

• a vestibule where a heating boiler is installed and inventory is located (2 by 2.5 m);
• greenhouse, place for plants.

Between them there is a partition, which is made of wood or other dense material. For the roof, corrugated board is used. There are several aspects that must be considered during the construction of the greenhouse.

Table 1. Aspects to consider when building a greenhouse

Components	Recommendation	Photo example
Base	Applicable strip foundation with a depth of 0.5 m.
Walls	The masonry is 250 mm thick, and transoms should be immediately installed in the frames for ventilation in the summer.
window openings	The distance between the transoms should be 60 cm, and from the floor - 50 cm.
Roof	Maintain a slope of 30⁰. It is better to use rafter timber 70 by 100 mm.

Do-it-yourself types of heating winter greenhouses with video

A year-round harvest is provided not only by a correctly selected and mounted greenhouse design, but also by the choice of a heating system. There are several varieties applicable for greenhouses:

• furnace;
• biological;
• water;
• gas.

Each option has its own characteristics, disadvantages and advantages.

Heating with a stove

This is one of the most simple ways heating. A furnace is mounted in the vestibule, and labor from it goes along the perimeter of the structure, during the furnace there is smoke that gives off heat.

Note! When choosing stove heating, keep an eye on the ventilation system.

The advantages include ease of installation and availability of fuel, which can be any, as well as saving money. At the same time, there are also disadvantages - the lack of uniform heat and temperature changes, which adversely affects the yield.

biological option

In the process of decay, heat is released, bark, fertilizer or sawdust is applicable. At the same time, the air is moistened and the soil is fertilized. But this method is not suitable for winter, it is applicable only as an additional option.

Water

The most popular method, which requires a boiler, tank, pipes and a pump. According to the principle of operation, the system is similar to home heating, where the liquid is heated in the boiler and flows through pipes, heat is evenly distributed during circulation. The disadvantages include the complexity of installation and the cost of money, but temperature regime will always be normal.

Gas

This is an alternative to electric heating, much cheaper. Gas burners and heaters are installed in the greenhouse, which emit a sufficient amount of heat. Most often, infrared versions of heating devices are mounted.

As a rule, landing is made in the spring, but you need to take care of the conditions, in particular, we are talking about protection from low temperatures. Especially when it comes to vegetables.

Greenhouses and greenhouses do an excellent job with this task. How to make it from almost improvised materials and see below.

How is a greenhouse different from a greenhouse?

Before delving into the question of how to make a greenhouse, let's decide what is the difference between a greenhouse and a greenhouse:

• The greenhouse is used for growing seedlings and further planting in open beds, while plants can be in the greenhouse all year round;
• The required temperature level in the greenhouse is maintained due to the presence of compost or manure in the soil, while in the greenhouse there is an additional, third-party heating source;
• It is possible to grow trees in a greenhouse, but this cannot be done in a greenhouse.

What are greenhouses?

A greenhouse can be stationary or portable (a photo of a greenhouse in the country is presented below).

A stationary greenhouse can have all kinds of shapes, the most common model is a butterfly (it got its name due to the doors opening on both sides).

Portable more often in the form of a tunnel. The main material in both cases is a polymer film.

From all this it follows that it is quite possible to make a greenhouse with your own hands, this is the same creative process as growing cucumbers, tomatoes, etc.

Material selection

Before considering how to make a greenhouse with your own hands, let's deal with the issue of choosing a material.

When choosing a material, it must be borne in mind that it must meet the following requirements:

• Good light transmission;
• Resistance to various kinds of deformations, with strong gusts of wind, for example;
• Easy to install and assemble the whole structure;
• Durability.

As for the materials used, the cheapest, and most importantly practical, is the film, and here are its types:

• polyethylene;
• stabilized film;
• polyvinyl chloride.

Covering materials include:

• agril;
• lutrasil.

In order to finally decide and understand which material is preferable, it is necessary to compare them, and consider the pros and cons of each.

Glass

The advantages of glass include: it transmits approximately 94% of the light, serves for a long time, retains heat.

By cons: it gets very hot in the summer, a strong load on the main frame.

Film

The advantages of this material include: low cost, low weight, no foundation is needed.

Note!

By cons: fragility, difficult to wash.

Polycarbonate

Pros: transmits light well, high level thermal insulation, lightweight and durable.

What to use to make a frame for a greenhouse

The frame is a kind of basis for a greenhouse, most often it is made of wood or plastic, less often of metal pipes.

wooden frame

The main plus is its environmental friendliness. It is also worth noting that it is very simple in terms of installation.

For installation, you will need the following tools: a hammer, a screwdriver, a saw, nails, rubber as a sealing element, wooden bars, a ruler.

Note!

It is advisable to cover the wooden elements of the future structure with drying oil before the installation process.

Execution sequence

First of all, a beam is attached to the mortgage mount, which will then become the base. Then the main beam is placed around the perimeter of the foundation, and temporarily everything is fastened with nails.

Side and corner beams are fastened with a bar diagonally. door frame installed on the side rails. The cornice is attached to the top of the side and corner beams.

Roof

In the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe points where the vertical beams are fixed, it is necessary to remove a beam, the length of which is 2 m. The roof beams must be fixed at an angle equal to 30 degrees, they are connected to each other by a beam. In the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe end points, they must be supported by vertical guides.

The final fixing of the roof frame is done with the help of corners and strips on self-tapping screws.

Note!

Doorway

The door frame is attached first. Do not forget in the middle and upper part of the opening is fixed with special stiffeners.

Application of metal pipes

A greenhouse, as mentioned above, can be made from metal pipes, and also with your own hands. This design is more durable.

You will need: a welding machine, a hammer, a grinder, a special nozzle for working with metal (disk).

The pipe is divided into two identical parts. Tees are welded to the edges of the base pipe, crosses are welded every half a meter. The cut off elements must be welded to the crosses.

Special tees are attached to the arc to secure the door pillar.

Covering the greenhouse

After the frame is ready, you can start covering.

Film

The easiest material to use is film. It is necessary to cover the entire structure, leaving a margin of 15 cm, and then cut off.

Polycarbonate

The front side of polycarbonate, the one where the picture is shown. First you need to cut the sheets. Seal the cuts from above with sealing tape, perforated from below.

First, polycarbonate is attached from above, then on the sides. Mounted on the frame with a special profile, as well as rubber gaskets.

At the end, a seal and door fittings are installed.

Ventilation

In greenhouses, in order to create ventilation (ventilation), you just need to open the doors, but it is advisable to do this in warm weather.

A greenhouse is an indispensable thing for a gardener who is going to harvest a large crop of tomatoes, cucumbers and other vegetables in the future, having approached the design wisely and following all the instructions, everything will definitely work out.

DIY greenhouse photo