Heating rocket stove. Do-it-yourself rocket stoves. Drawings, dimensions, reviews. Types of rocket furnaces

When choosing the main functional component of a solid fuel heating system, in addition to efficiency, attention is paid to the duration of operating cycles and ease of maintenance. To implement the plan, taking into account the marked details, a rocket oven is suitable. The simplicity of the design implies the absence of excessive difficulties in the independent performance of work operations.

Varieties of rocket furnaces

Scheme jet furnace

The specific name is explained by the characteristic hum, which resembles the roar of the engines of a launching rocket. In more advanced designs, with the correct setting of the operating mode, noise is reduced to a minimum level.

The classic scheme demonstrates the features of a jet stove. In this design, the fuel is loaded vertically. The flame is formed in a horizontal section. With a sufficiently strong air supply, the jet of heated gases quickly turns around the wall of the main chamber. This provokes a vortex effect in the central part (riser), which increases thrust. In the side channels, the walls are heated. Residual heat accumulates in the lining of the outlet pipe connected to the chimney. This part is traditionally created in the form of a couch.

Rocket furnace has the following advantageous characteristics:

high efficiency;
possibility of using wood waste, cones, other types of solid fuel;
operational loading without interrupting the combustion process;
lack of complex elements;
minimum waste (high temperature).

Jet stoves cannot heat a large room

For objectivity, it should be noted the shortcomings of the rocket stove:

the use of a water heat exchanger worsens the characteristics of the operating mode;
in certain situations it is possible to enter the room carbon monoxide;
the power of the structure is not enough for full heating large object real estate.

Not everyone likes the appearance of such a structure. However, this parameter largely depends on individual tastes. With the right finish, it is not difficult to ensure harmonious compliance with a certain interior style.

The jet furnace in various modifications was used by the population of Japan, China, Korea and other countries. Modern analogues, while maintaining the basic principles, differ:

a variety of designs;
application of new materials;
accurate engineering calculations.

As an example, some stove-makers mention the Chinese kan. However, this design is similar only to a long chimney, which was often installed under several benches along the walls. In the corresponding embodiment, this part performed the functions modern system"warm floor". The firebox was created in a standard scheme with the obligatory device of a stove for cooking.

Russian stove

With maximum simplification, you can get the desired result:

pipes are connected at right angles;
a shelf for fuel is installed in the horizontal part - 60% of the diameter below the top edge;
the lower part of the hole forms an unregulated blower;
the device is equipped with supports for fixing on a horizontal surface in the working position.

Gas cylinder stove

Factory made of quality metal - good foundation for creating homemade design. In addition to reliable welded joints gas cylinder suitable for wall thickness.

Furnace and design scheme from a gas cylinder

When choosing components, sheet metal with a thickness of at least 5-6 mm should be used. The diameter of the main part of the structure is more than 30 cm. The door in the opening for fuel loading can be used to regulate the intensity of air supply. This addition will prevent carbon monoxide from entering the room. If you intend to use the oven for cooking, cut off exactly the top of the cylinder along with the valve. The hole is closed with a steel plate with a thickness of more than 5 mm, which is welded to the main part of the body.

In the version without a lounger, residual heat is not accumulated, so the efficiency is lower compared to the "classic" version of the stove.

It is recommended to insulate the inner chamber. Sufficiently thick walls will help to ensure the temperature rise to the level of +950C° and above. This is necessary for high-quality playback technological process. With such heating, complete combustion of the fuel with a minimum amount of ash is ensured.

Shirokov-Khramtsov oven

This Russian modification is an improved version of the classic scheme. The main components of the Shirokov-Khramtsov furnace are made from an expensive grade of concrete that is resistant to high temperatures. An accurate calculation significantly improved the stability of performance, which made it possible to place heat-resistant glass in the bunker area to partially release infrared radiation towards the room. An impromptu fireplace heats the room and acts as a spectacular element of decor.

Rocket furnace from a profile pipe

Marching version of the factory-made rocket furnace "Robinson"

For a hike, equipping a summer residence, solving other "temporary" problems, a mobile version of heating equipment is suitable. A good example is the Robinson oven. The supply of fuel and air is organized through a profile element (rectangular section 150 x 100 mm). The combustion zone is made of a pipe. The divider at the outlet is used as a stand for heating dishes.

Other models

A functional rocket oven with your own hands can be made from 20 whole bricks and two halves. Such a structure is assembled in just ten minutes on a prepared flat area. Careful calculations and drawings are not needed. Work operations are performed without welding equipment and building mixtures. Fuel consumption is approximately 3-6 times less than firewood compared to the "potbelly stove". It is acceptable to use raw firewood, branches, fragments of old furniture.

A simple brick oven

Unlike a fire, this design long time keeps warm. You can put dishes on the narrow opening. For convenience, a specialized support is used - a grate made of steel rods or cast iron. Even in this simplest version, a high temperature is created in the working area, which contributes to the complete combustion of the fuel with minimal smoke emission.

Principle of operation

An ordinary fire does not provide rational use fuel resources. A significant part of the energy is uselessly dissipated into the surrounding space. There are no convection processes, heat accumulators. Impossible to fine-tune the combustion process. The access of oxygen is not limited.

With the use of a chimney and a closed working area the noted shortcomings are eliminated. However, the jet oven differs more high efficiency compared to a typical "potbelly stove". The main difference is the chimney placed inside the main structure. An increase in the gas outlet path is accompanied by a gradual decrease in temperature in different areas (example, values are given in C °):

central shaft (riser): 700-1100;
gap between walls: 250-380;
area under the bed: 30-90.

Improved draft in jet furnace design

The figures show the design features that provide sufficient traction with an increase in the length of the smoke extraction path. Another advantage is the high-temperature decomposition of organics with a limited supply of oxygen (pyrolysis).

If the do-it-yourself rocket furnace is created correctly, favorable conditions are provided for the formation of low molecular weight hydrocarbon compounds. Heating devices of this type are capable of providing an efficiency of more than 90%. Similar solutions are used in the design of household boilers for long-burning solid fuels.

Homemade construction

In the absence of experience, you can choose a simplified design of several bricks, bent pipe. If you have skills in handling a welding machine, create a furnace from a square profile and sheet metal.

Furnace drawing and dimensions

The presented option can be adjusted taking into account the volume of the room, other personal requirements and preferences. The developers recommend setting the diameter of the riser channel in the range from 65 to 105 mm. Change the dimensions of the shell accordingly.

Drawing with explanations for assembly

To accumulate thermal energy, adobe was chosen. This material is not heat resistant, so the temperature must be lowered to a safe level. Additional recommendations:

the drum can be made from a standard 50-liter cylinder;
provide perfect tightness of the smoke exhaust system to prevent the penetration of soot into the porous adobe;
to remove residual mechanical impurities, a second ash pan is installed.

Step-by-step instruction

Homemade wood stove rocket

A do-it-yourself jet wood-burning stove can be created according to the following algorithm:

For the manufacture of a mixture of the main heat-insulating layer (5b), crushed stone from chamotte grade SHL is used.
The furnace support frame is assembled from wooden lag(100 x 100) with cells no more than 600 mm, the distance under the lounger can be increased.
For sheathing, mineral cardboard, tongue-and-groove boards are used.
Wooden blanks are pre-treated with impregnation with biocidal additives.
The area under the main part of the structure is covered with a metal sheet.
After placing the structure at the planned place, the formwork is installed, the adobe is poured.
A drum is made from a suitable gas cylinder.
To create reliable welded joints, electrodes with a diameter of 2 mm are used, direct current with a power of 60-70A.
The sealing seal is created from an asbestos cord, fixed with heat-resistant glue.
A riser is assembled from prepared steel billets.
Install bottom layer insulation, plywood (20 mm) or boards are used for formwork.
Filling with building mixture is carried out to level B according to the drawing. For complete drying of this part with room temperature need 1-2 days.
Install the firebox, controlling the accuracy of the vertical position.
Part of the blower will protrude outward, so at the final stage the wall is leveled with adobe.
After filling with the mixture to level D, it is recommended to speed up the drying with a conventional 60-75 W incandescent bulb (placed under the riser).
An ash pan is installed, made of a steel sheet with a thickness of 0.8-1 mm.
The drum tube is mounted with the formation of a wedge-shaped slope towards the exit in the inner part (mixture 5b).
A lining with layer-by-layer filling (5g) is created, the cork is made of clay.
Continue assembly according to the scheme, install the corrugation, drum covers and ash pan.
After drying is completed (2-25 weeks), the formwork is removed, the surface is formed, visible metal parts are painted.

Explanations for the composition of building mixtures (5):

a - adobe made of clay and straw, the consistency of thick dough;
b - clay of medium fat content with crushed stone from fireclay;
c - fireclay sand with clay in proportions one to one;
d - river sand without washing with a fixed granule size (2.5-3 mm);
e - kiln clay of medium fat content.

Purchase tools and consumables necessary to perform work operations in advance. The list of purchases is made on the basis of the prepared project documentation.

How to heat a rocket stove

Taking into account the long path of the smoke extraction system in a stationary structure, the need to start the operating mode after preheating is understandable. When working with Robinson and other compact counterparts, this rule does not need to be followed. But a large furnace is first heated with dry shavings, paper, and other suitable consumables. For loading use a blower with an open door. The degree of readiness is assessed by the characteristic attenuation of the noise. At this stage, the usual loading of fuel into the corresponding part of the furnace is used.

Despite such a loud name, the rocket furnace, of course, has nothing to do with rocket and space technology. And it doesn't run on jet fuel. The stove got its name for a jet of flame escaping from the top tube of camping structures and a sound reminiscent of the roar of an engine.

We’ll clarify right away that the stove will make a strong sound only in case of violation of the operating rules - the roar of the engine is obtained when excess air enters the furnace. Normally, the rocket stove will make a quiet rustle. It works on wood and other fuels and has a high efficiency.

The rocket stove came to us from the USA and is still little known even to professional stove-makers, although it definitely deserves attention.

The principle of operation of the rocket furnace:

Direct combustion. Fuel gases flow freely through the furnace channels without being stimulated by the draft created by the chimney.
Flue gases, which are always released during the combustion of firewood, are afterburned. This is called pyrolysis.

The simplest jet furnace would consist of two pipes, one running horizontally and the other going up. You can also use one bent pipe if you have the opportunity, otherwise welding works are applied.

Fuel in the rocket furnace is laid directly into the pipe. In this case, hot gases will tend to go up, along the vertical section. At the cut of the pipe, you can place a container that will be used for cooking or boiling water. Be sure to leave a gap between the tank and the pipe so that the combustion products can freely go outside.

What else you need to know about the jet oven:

It is both cooking and heating.
It is quite possible to equip the "rocket" with a stove bench, approximately, as in a Russian stove, but such a design will be much less cumbersome.
The operating time on one fuel bookmark in the rocket furnace is approximately six hours, and it keeps heat up to 12 hours if the metal structure is finished with adobe plaster.
Initially, the rocket oven was intended for use in nature, in field conditions. Portable metal structures still rank first in popularity, but stationary furnaces have also appeared that work on the same principle, made of brick or clay.

Pros of the Rocket Furnace:

The simplicity of the design itself, which you can do yourself, the materials are available.
Ability to use different kinds fuel. In such a furnace, even low-quality fuel, damp thin branches, and so on will burn.
Energy independence.
High work efficiency, lower fuel consumption.

Cons of a jet oven:

It will have to be managed manually. It is necessary to constantly monitor the combustion process and regulate it.
Some elements of the rocket furnace can become very hot, especially for the simplest metal structures. That is, there is a great danger of burns when touched, you should be especially careful not to let children near the rocket stove.
It will not work to use a stove of this design in a bath, since it is simply not able to quickly heat the room to the desired temperature.

Now you can find the simplest schemes for how to fold a rocket furnace of 20 bricks with your own hands without mortar in literally three minutes anywhere. The first row will be solid, with a horizontal protrusion, the second - with a hole above the protrusion for laying fuel, the remaining three rows - a pipe. It will be warm, you can just put a cauldron or pan on top.

However, in more complex and efficient versions, flue gases are passed under the bench, for example, through special channels. The second option is to install a water circuit on a simple rocket furnace.

These are examples of biodesign stoves that work on the “rocket” principle, but much more complex and modernized, with stove benches. The German company Lehm und Feuer is engaged in the construction of such clay ovens.

We state that a rocket stove has many advantages, including ease of installation, the possibility of using it in the field or in the summer in the yard for cooking various dishes on a live fire. It is only necessary to understand the principles of operation and design features.

For lovers of out-of-town trips, avid fishermen and summer residents, a compact mobile stove that fits easily into the trunk of a car will become indispensable. More recently, small collapsible stoves have appeared on the market, which have the very eloquent name "Robinson". It is quite possible to make a Robinson oven with your own hands, especially since in this case it will even cost much cheaper than the finished version. Advantage self-manufacturing of this device lies in the possibility of upgrading, which will expand its capabilities.

It should be noted that on the basis of this simple design, stationary stoves for home and garden can also be made, so it can be called universal. If the goal is to independently manufacture a mobile oven of the Robinson type, then it is worth considering what configurations it can have, and only after that decide on the choice of model.

The design and principle of operation of the furnace

The Robinson furnace has a so-called rocket design, and on the basis of which many models were created, which differ significantly in size and even in functionality.

Conventional ones consist of a firebox connected to a chimney. The fuel tank can be arranged horizontally, vertically or at an angle, connected directly to the chimney, or have a horizontal section of pipe between these two elements, which extends the heated air path and creates an additional heated surface.

This diagram shows different variants location of the rocket furnace firebox:

1 - The vertical firebox is connected to the chimney with a piece of pipe, which lengthens the path of hot air from the firebox to the outlet. The connecting section can be used as a hob.

2 - Vertical furnace, located next to the pipe, allows you to quickly heat up the entire structure.

3 - The firebox, fixed to the pipe at an angle, makes it more convenient to load fuel.

4 - Two vertical furnaces located on the sides of a pipe with a larger cross section. This design will help to heat the container with the contents much faster, mounted on top of a special stand.

All rocket furnaces have approximately the same principle of operation. It lies in the fact that during the primary combustion of the fuel placed in the firebox, the gases formed, which have a significant energy potential, are burned in the vertical section of the pipe. For this, a special channel of secondary air was made, which provides its supply, a kind of "suction", directly to the base of the vertical pipe. That is, the rocket furnace in this regard in a certain way resembles work. As a result, at the outlet of the oven, in its upper part, the maximum temperature is reached, which can be used to heat water or cook food.

On top of the pipe in the simplest configuration of the oven, a stationary or removable nozzle is mounted - for installing a container of water or other utensils.

The great advantage of the rocket stove is its economy, since a large amount of fuel is not needed at all to achieve the desired result. In order for it to function well, a handful of dry wood chips or even dry grass is often enough.

Video: demonstration of the capabilities of the field rocket furnace "Robinson"

The rocket stove installed for space heating works on the same principle. This design has been known since ancient times, and has been traditional in the homes of many eastern peoples.

With the help of these stoves, they not only heated the room - their warm stove bench was used as heated beds.

By the way, in our time, they are also in no hurry to abandon this design and use it for heating in private homes. In this model of the furnace, the section of the chimney pipe is significantly extended and passes under the entire stove bench, which transfers the heat of the combustion products. It turns out a kind of large "battery" of heating, capable of heating a fairly large area.

Another option for a rocket stove could be a small brick structure folded into country house or at garden plot. Moreover, if it is laid out in the yard, as a temporary option, then the bricks do not even have to be fastened with mortar. The main thing is to observe the location of all its elements.

A similar model of oven is often offered in community survival presentations, which are quite common, for example, in North America. Such a furnace can be made in any created conditions. In extreme cases, ordinary stones found nearby are suitable for its arrangement, and large gaps between them can be sealed with ordinary earth.

A more complex, but also functional design, based on the same principle of operation, is a rocket oven-stove, which will become an indispensable assistant in the country or in a private house in the summer. The large surface of the stove will allow you to cook several dishes at the same time or heat water, as well as save on electricity or other fuels, since even a large amount of firewood is not required to make the stove justify its purpose.

The hollow panel of the stove inside passes hot gases through its entire space, capable of heating it to very high temperatures. Then, the products of combustion are discharged into the chimney pipe located on the side opposite from the furnace bunker.

But such a portable version of a camping stove has a very small size, as it is made from an ordinary galvanized bucket, which is usually coated on top with heat-resistant paint.

Inside the bucket, a structure of two pipes is installed, welded together and performing the functions of a firebox and a chimney. The interior of the bucket, between its walls and pipes, is filled with sand (in field conditions), or fine-grained expanded clay. Such a kind of "lining" will provide heating of the vertical pipe so that pyrolysis gases are actively burned in it. Thanks to this “layer”, it will take significantly less fuel to cook food or warm water.

It is very important to calculate the correct gap, which should be formed between the stand for the container (in this case, made in the form of a lattice) and the pipe. Too large or small clearance will either reduce the heat transfer of the stove, or interfere with the normal process of combustion of gases.

Similarly, you can do in the nth case, if you need a device for quickly heating a small amount of water, for example, for brewing tea in extreme or camping conditions. To do this, you can build small stove from an ordinary metal can. In order to boil water with it or at least warm up a little, you need only a handful of wood chips or even dried grass.

The presented photo clearly shows that it is not difficult to make such a design. It is enough to have two large metal cans on hand, one of which will be used to make two tubes - vertical and horizontal, and the second will serve as an outer casing-shell.

Such a "baby" will quickly warm the water in extreme conditions.

A stand for a water container can easily be made from the bottom or lid of a jar by cutting out the middle of it, then making cuts with inside the resulting circle, and bending them down in the form of legs. This stand will fit perfectly on the edges of the jar. The stand can also be made from steel wire by carefully bending several pieces and fastening them together.

Camping stoves of the type "Robinson"

Today, various camping compact rocket-type stoves are on sale, having different names including Robinson. However, an experienced craftsman, having looked at the device of such a device, will immediately understand its design and will be able to draw up a drawing, according to which it will not be difficult to make it.

It is clear that the manufacture of such furnaces will be available only to those home craftsmen who have the skills of plumbing and welding and have at their disposal advising equipment and tools.

Every good home owner should be familiar with welding technology!

IN Everyday life a private house very often there are situations when it is very difficult to do without welding. It is not enough to have a device - you need to have certain skills. We hope that a special article on our portal dedicated to the basics will be a good tutorial for beginners.

You need to know that all camping stoves operating according to the principle described above have common parameters that must be taken into account when drawing up a drawing diagram, otherwise failures may occur in the functioning of the structure. To such characteristic features include the following features:

The vertical pipe must be at least twice as high as the length of the firebox.
The height of the fuel bin, installed vertically, should be approximately equal to the length of the horizontal connecting section of the furnace and the width of the furnace opening.
The best location for the furnace section will be to install it at an angle of 45 degrees, since the blower clearance is optimally located in it, and it is also convenient to put fuel in it.
It is recommended that the cross section of the fuel hopper inlet be approximately equal to that of the vertical pipe.

The first version of the camp stove

Such a model of a camping stove is simple in design and manufacture and is very compact in size. It does not require a large amount of materials, and it can be done in just a few hours.

The oven has one important design feature- its lower part, which acts as the bottom of the fuel chamber (grate), is made movable, so it can be pulled out, put the right amount on it and pushed into the furnace bunker. If the chips are long, then the extended grate can be used as a stand for stacking them. In addition, the retractable grate greatly facilitates the periodic cleaning of the firebox.

For this model you will need:

Name of materials	Dimensions	Quantity
Square pipe	150×150×3, 450 mm	1 PC.
	150×150×3, 300 mm	1 PC.
steel strip	300×50×3 mm	4 things.
	140×50×3 mm	2 pcs.
Metal grate	300×140 mm	1 PC.
or steel bar for its manufacture	Ø 3÷5 mm	2.5 m

The work is carried out in stages and includes the following operations:

Markings are made on blanks from square pipes, since one of their edges must be cut at an angle of 45 degrees. Then the "grinder" cuts are made.
The next step of the pipe must be carefully welded together to make a kind of "boot".
In the upper part of the vertical pipe, at its corners or in the middle of each side, cuts should be made 20 mm deep and 3.5 mm wide. They will install a stand for containers.
Next, the stand itself is made. To do this, one of the strips 300 mm long is cut in half. On the second strip, you need to outline the middle and weld the prepared segments to it on both sides to get the shape of a cross.
From the two remaining strips and short lengths of 140 mm, the frame of the retractable device is welded. Here it is necessary to make a fitting and take into account the fact that long strips should not be welded to the sides of short strips, but overlapped with them.
On top of the finished frame, a finished grate or steel bars cut along the length of the frame with a distance of 10 mm from each other are caught by spot welding, they will act as a grate.
Then, a stand for the container is installed on top of the pipe, and the grate is pushed into the furnace hopper. Now you can test the finished furnace.
If the test measures were successful, then after the metal has cooled down, the furnace can be painted
Although not provided for in this design, it is still recommended for the retractable frame to additionally weld the handle, which will help to more comfortably adjust its location.

The second version of the camp stove - "Antoshka"

This oven is a little more difficult to manufacture, as it has large quantity elements. However, the work is still quite doable if you prepare everything you need for this.

Rocket stove model "Antoshka"

The convenience of this design lies in the fact that it provides an additional heated plane. For example, on a stand located on a vertical pipe, you can install a container for cooking, and at the same time use an additional plane fixed above the furnace hopper to heat water.

For the manufacture of this model will require the following blanks:

Name of materials	Dimensions	Quantity
Square tube for the manufacture of a furnace bunker	150×150×3 mm, length 450 mm	1 PC.
Square tube for the manufacture of the lower blower chamber	150×150×3 mm, length 180 mm	1 PC.
Square tube for the vertical section of the furnace	100×100×3 mm, length 650 mm	1 PC.
Metal plate for the panel above the firebox	300×150×3mm	1 PC.
Metal plate to cover the back of the firebox tube	150×150×3mm	1 PC.
Metal corner for stand	50×50×3, length 300 mm	1 PC.
	50×50×3, length 450 mm	1 PC.
Reinforcement or rod for stand-corners	Ø 8 mm, length 300 mm	4 things.
Fittings or rod for grate	Ø 8 mm, length 170 mm	8÷9 pcs.
Triangular metal gussets for installing the hob	Steel 3 mm. Dimensions are adjusted exactly after the stove is assembled.	2 pcs.

A vertical pipe is marked, since its lower part must be cut at an angle of 30 degrees. A cut is made according to the markup.
Then a pipe intended for a furnace bunker is taken, and a hole 120 × 100 mm in size is marked and cut in its rear upper plane. A hole is also cut out from the bottom side of the furnace pipe, but already 150 × 150 mm in size - to connect this part of the furnace with the blower chamber.
In the next step, the back of the furnace bunker is welded with a plate prepared for this, and then segments of metal rods are welded to the bottom hole from the outside at a distance of 10 ÷ 12 mm from each other - this will be the grate of the furnace.
Next, you need to make a blower chamber. To do this, a piece of a square pipe measuring 180 mm is taken, and a cut is marked on it at an angle of 30 degrees so that the size of the blower is 100 × 180 mm. The part must have a bottom and side walls, and its upper part will be welded under the grate of the furnace hopper on three sides.
Now, for the comfortable carrying out of further work, the oven must be placed on stands that are made of metal corners, welding them to the back of the combustion and blower chambers.
The next step is to work on the top of the oven. A vertical furnace pipe is welded to the upper opening of the furnace. After that, the fitting of the top panel is done, and the corners of the triangles - stands are determined. Their configuration is drawn on paper, and then transferred to a metal sheet and cut out.
The triangles are mounted on edge and welded to the vertical pipe and the "roof" of the brew bin. The triangular elements, together with the top plate, will create an airtight space above the firebox, thanks to which the metal panel will remain hot for a longer time.
Then, a plate measuring 300 × 150 × 3 mm is tried on and welded to the front upper edge of the furnace hole, the installed triangles-supports and the vertical pipe.
Having finished with this part of the furnace, it remains only to weld the corners to the upper part of the vertical pipe, which act as a stand for containers. Prepared reinforcing bars 300 mm long must be bent at a right angle so that they have the same sides. The corners must be welded to the four sides of the pipe, raising them to the same height, so that their upper edge is located above the plane of the vertical pipe mouth at a height of approximately 30 ÷ 50 mm.
After that, you can test the design, and then paint with heat-resistant paint.

Oven "Robinson"

The device purchased in the store does not have a door that allows you to adjust the intensity of the primary combustion in the firebox, and some home craftsmen repeat the Robinson factory model.

The Robinson oven can either be copied from the factory model, or some additions can be made

Other craftsmen who make the oven for themselves have tried to improve the design, making it more efficient, so you should pay special attention to such upgrades.

Variant copied from an industrial design

The main dimensional parameters of the Robinson stove

If a factory version of the furnace is chosen for self-manufacturing, then you can easily figure out its elements according to the drawing, especially since very few details are required:

- Metal box of the furnace hopper, made of steel sheet 3 mm. The total size of the hopper is 150 × 100 × 300 mm. It is assembled from five plates 2 pcs. 300×150 mm; 2 pcs. 100×300 mm and 1 pc. 100×150 mm.

— Metal plate 150×200×3 mm to separate the blower channel from the combustion chamber.

- A metal pipe with a diameter of 100 mm and a height of 600 mm.

- Pieces of reinforcement with a diameter of 7 ÷ 8 mm and a length of 120 mm - for the manufacture of a grate.

- Three rings 25÷30 mm high, cut from a pipe of the same diameter as the vertical riser -100 mm, and one ring with a diameter of 110 mm;

- three nuts d13, which are welded to the bottom of the furnace hopper and are designed for screwing the legs;

- three identical pieces of a steel bar with a thread cut into them, or finished studs (long bolts) with an M8 thread.

It should also be clarified here that the upper stand may have a different configuration, since it does not play a special role in the efficiency of the device. The main thing is that this element does not have a solid upper plane and is not located close to the pipe mouth, otherwise there will be no proper draft in the furnace, and the fuel will not burn with the required intensity.

To make a stand of just this shape, you need to cut three rings prepared from a pipe in half, and then weld them to a metal rod.

Work on the manufacture of such a furnace model is slightly complicated by the fact that two elements of different shapes are used - a rectangular box and a round pipe. Assembly is performed as follows:

First you need to prepare a plate that separates the firebox from the blower. To do this, pieces of reinforcement are welded onto the plate, at a distance of about 10 mm from each other - this is how a grate will be obtained.
Then the finished plate with the grate must be welded to the side and rear walls of the furnace. It is welded, departing from the lower edge of 30 ÷ 35 mm. The plate must be installed exactly horizontally.
Next, the corner joints of the rear and side walls of the chamber are welded.
The next step is to weld the bottom part to the box, and to it - three nuts for screwing the legs.
Further, with the help of welding, the "roof" of the combustion chamber is fixed.
Then, the pipe is marked, as it must be cut at an angle of 30 degrees. After the cut, instead of a circle in the section, an oval is obtained.
The pipe must be attached with this oval to the middle of the surface of the “roof”, the welded box, in its lowest part and circled with a marker. A hole must be cut along this line in the plate, since a vertical pipe must be welded into it. You can also cut this shape using a high current welding machine, or a metal cutting machine.
Next, a pipe is welded into the hole. A stand is put on it to install the container. The legs are screwed to the structure, and a test is carried out, and then, if desired, staining.

An improved version of the Robinson furnace

This version of the stove repeats the design of the previous model, but differs in that the master installed a door on the furnace hole. In this case, the door swings up. But, it must be said that this method of opening is also not entirely convenient, since with the help of such a valve it is impossible to precisely regulate the thrust - in principle, it has only two positions. The best option there will be a damper moving up and down or left - right, which is installed in corners welded to the walls, 10 × 10 or 15 × 15 mm in size.

Robinson model, supplemented with a fuel chamber cover

In addition to this difference from the previous version of the furnace, there are several others:

For the manufacture of the furnace bunker, steel was used, 5 mm thick.
A square pipe was used for the vertical section.
Corners, decorative metal balls, as in this case, are used as a stand for containers, or you can come up with your own version of this element, which will be the easiest to manufacture.
The stand for the oven itself is also different from the above options. It consists of a steel plate to which a leg made from a piece of reinforcement is welded.

To make this oven model you need to prepare:

- A pipe for the manufacture of a furnace bunker 400 mm long, with a section size of 160 × 160 mm.

- A pipe for a chimney 600 mm long and 120 × 120 mm in size;

- A panel separating the firebox and the blower gap. It is made of a steel sheet of 5 mm and a metal bar of 7÷8 mm. Its size is 155×300 mm.

- A plate with a size of 180 × 350 mm - for a stand under the oven;

— metal panel size 160×100 mm.

The presented photographs show the material that is suitable for, as well as its cutting process. The cut part from the part of the vertical pipe can be used instead of the legs on the stove stand.

Jumper in the fuel chamber - to create a lower air channel

A dividing panel with a grate is fixed inside the firebox.
Then, the back wall of the furnace bunker is closed and a vertical pipe is welded.
Next, the entire structure must be installed and fixed by welding on a metal plate. As a support, a piece of metal rod or a triangular part cut from the chimney pipe is mounted in front.
On the upper edge of the vertical pipe, segments of corners are fixed at the corners by spot welding, which will become a stand for the container. They should have a height above the pipe of 40÷50 mm.
Further, a door is installed on the inlet furnace opening (on hinges, as in this case, or in the form of a sliding panel in a frame of corners).
The design is being tested. After that, the welding seams are cleaned, and the furnace is covered with heat-resistant paint for metal, which will not only make the device more accurate, but also prevent the appearance and spread of corrosion centers.

For someone who has the skills to work with various locksmith tools and, it will not be difficult to make one of the variants of the Robinson type furnace. The whole process of preparing parts and the assembly itself does not take much time, but the furnace will last a long time and become an indispensable assistant in various situations.

Therefore, if it is not possible to lay down a stationary heating structure in a country house or purchase a finished cast-iron or steel stove, then Robinson is exactly what you need. Moreover, its manufacture does not require a large amount of materials, and a very small amount of any available natural fuel is consumed to obtain the desired effect.

Video: homemade rocket-type metal oven

Among the heating devices, the rocket stove deserves special attention. It has an original structure, which involves the use of available materials and components. Virtually anyone can organize one. It is enough to understand how drawings are read, as well as be able to use basic construction tools and materials.

Do-it-yourself rocket stove manufacturing option

Despite the simplicity of the design, the rocket oven involves the use of two principles of operation at once:

free flow of wood gases through the channels;
Pyrolysis is the afterburning of gases that are released during combustion.

The simplest rocket stove uses only the first principle of operation, since there are not enough conditions for pyrolysis.

Neat DIY Rocket Stove

First, consider the options for jet stoves used for cooking. In such a device, a short pipe is used as a firebox, located horizontally, and then it goes up. This is the simplest design.

The fuel is loaded into the rocket stove directly into the pipe, after which it is ignited. As a result, a stream of hot gases is formed, which is oriented to go outside, which means it tends to a vertical section.

At the cut of the pipe is placed a container used for water or food. There is a gap between it and the pipe so that the products of combustion can escape.

Many are interested in why such a furnace is called a rocket. The design has a nozzle turned upwards, from which, when the device is in operation, a flame escapes. Hence the name.

Tongues of flame escaping from a rocket stove

Of course, it will not work to warm the room with such a unit. The rocket furnace must be supplemented with a heat exchanger, as well as channels for the removal of combustion products. To provide high temperature the vertical part of the pipe is insulated with refractory material.

The nozzle can be covered with a cap. This is necessary for high-quality heat extraction. A channel for supplying secondary air is created at the bottom of the horizontal section of the pipe.

The modern version of the design implies a slightly different design. Such a jet furnace involves the afterburning of pyrolysis gases, which is possible due to the supply of secondary air. In addition, combustion products are collected under the top of the cap, which increases the pressure to excess. Over time, heat is transferred to the outside through the walls of the pipe, which forces the gases to cool and go down. Hot air is waiting for them there, so they have to go into the space between the walls of the cap and the pipe, going to the chimney.

The use of a rocket furnace with a hood on the site

Due to pyrolysis processes, efficiency is significantly increased. And thanks to the flow of gases, a self-regulating system is organized.

Productive heat extraction

The gases that are sent to have a high temperature. Therefore, it is clear that you should not get rid of them so easily. After all, otherwise the effect of the device will be minimal. Therefore, for a do-it-yourself rocket furnace, several solutions were invented:

a water circuit is installed on the rocket furnace;
gases are passed through the channels equipped under the bench.

A rocket stove with water heating is made without a cap, the energy of combustion products is used in a metal heat exchanger. Do not use a coil with water, it is better to make a water jacket.

You can also make chimney channels lined with bricks. They can be located on the floor, and a couch can be equipped on top. And in this case, the length of the channels must be accurately calculated, otherwise it will be necessary to organize natural draft.

The design of a brick rocket stove with a bench

Advantages

Create a rocket furnace with your own hands - get the following benefits:

fuel can be added during the process;
The efficiency is not a constant value, but with the correct selection of thermal energy from gases, it can be very high;
natural chimney draft is not a prerequisite;
accessibility of installation - to organize a rocket furnace with your own hands, a little experience in the furnace business is enough, a minimum of material costs.

Using a rocket stove in nature

Such advantages make the rocket stove a popular device.

Flaws

Note: And although the rocket stove is characterized by simplicity and attractiveness, it also has disadvantages. For example, there are certain requirements for fuel quality. Firewood should not be wet, otherwise the pyrolysis effect cannot be achieved. In addition, the structure needs constant supervision.

A do-it-yourself rocket stove made for a bath is poorly suited, since it gives off a little of the heat needed for a steam room. The small surface area of the furnace excludes efficient heating of the bath.

Kinds

There are several types of rocket stoves:

Brick boilers. They differ from stoves - they are equipped with a built-in heat exchanger, from which the coolant is supplied to the heating system: tank, pipes, radiators.
Heating. Demonstrate the efficiency of heating rooms using the convection principle of operation.
Designs with hob, they are called heating and cooking.
Fireplaces. Most often used for heating one room in which they are located.
For a bath. They have an original design. The main task of the device is to increase the temperature of the stones, which ensures the heating of the air in the steam room. An important indicator of decisions is intensity.

Simple design DIY rocket stove

Of course, this is not all the species that exist.

From a balloon

This is a fairly popular option, which is successfully implemented by the hands of many craftsmen. Most often, a gas cylinder with a volume of 50 liters is used for manufacturing. It will act as a cap. To create a hopper and a firebox, you can use a pipe with a diameter of 15 cm. A pipe with a diameter of 10 cm is used for the chimney, and 7 cm for the internal channel.

The use of a rocket stove from a gas cylinder on the site

Need to cut products desired length, at the cylinder - cut off the upper part. Next, using the drawing, you should weld the parts together with your own hands. Fill the opening between the pipes 7 and 15 cm with heat-insulating material. You can use sand, but it is recommended to ignite it to kill the organic environment. Otherwise, the heating process will be accompanied by an unpleasant odor.

When assembled, the rocket stove from a gas cylinder weighs a little, so a special base is not required for it. Legs must be welded to the device.

from brick

With your own hands you can make a rocket stove out of bricks. In this case, you will have to work hard to get a quality design. The firing channels of the device are made using. A barrel can be used as a cap.

What a rocket stove made of bricks might look like

For the location of the structure, it is recommended to dig a small hole, since it should be below the floor level. The bottom needs to be compacted, after which it is poured concrete base 10 cm thick. When it hardens, you can start laying. For this, a solution is used, which includes refractory clay. When the structure is built, the mortar will harden, you can fill in the dug hole. A barrel is put on the channel, from which the bottom is cut out with one's own hands. The space between the brick and it is filled with insulation.

The end of the device is coated with a solution, a large barrel is put on top, to the bottom of which a chimney is welded.

Summing up

Note: Rocket Furnace - original solution, which you can build with your own hands. Enough to choose suitable option design, take into account recommendations and requirements. You must first make a drawing. If you can’t draw a diagram with your own hands, you can use ready-made options presented by experts.

In this case, the main thing is not to rush, then the result will certainly comply with accepted standards, it will become an effective tool for heating.

A detailed description of the manufacture of a rocket furnace from steel elements.

Features of the design and use of a simple rocket stove that you can take with you for fishing or outdoor recreation.

Branded stove-rocket. Description by an expert.

The jet stove or rocket stove came about as a result of a departure from the tradition of building space heating equipment. It is considered an economical heat generator, the design of which is elementary. Therefore, many are thinking about building a jet furnace with their own hands.

Description, advantages and disadvantages of the rocket oven

A heat generator for heating the air in a room is called a rocket stove or a jet stove, because during operation, in case of excessive air intake, it makes special sounds. This noise can be mistaken for the roar of a jet engine. In normal mode, the equipment operates with a barely audible rustling sound.

The rocket stove serves as a home heating and cooking device. It takes about 6 hours to burn one batch of firewood in such equipment, more than in a standard metal stove. The reason for this is the creation of a heat generator based on a furnace with upper combustion.

The flame from the jet furnace can escape

The advantages of the rocket oven include:

independence from fuel energy;
simplicity of design, consisting of affordable parts, connected in a matter of minutes;
the ability to produce a lot of heat, despite the quality of the loaded fuel.

The jet furnace also has some disadvantages:

manual control, which implies constant monitoring of equipment operation;
danger of getting burned, because the walls of the equipment become extremely hot;
inexpediency of use in the bath, because it will not be possible to warm it up.

Kinds

A unit that emits a rocket hum during operation happens:

portable (unit of metal pipes, buckets or gas cylinder);
Portable rocket furnaces are mass-produced by the industry
stationary (created from fireclay bricks and metal containers);
Such a unit is more difficult to build than a metal furnace.
equipment for heating air with a bench.
The bench is equipped behind the rear wall of the oven

Portable structures are made in large batches, because they are used for hiking. The basis of these heat generators is a pipe made up of several segments. True, such structures, unlike units based on fireclay bricks, are not reliable. The walls of refractory blocks increase the heat transfer of the jet furnace. If desired, you can add a couch in the form of a sofa or bed, decorated with clay or sawdust.

Details and operation of a jet heat generator

An elementary rocket furnace is a device of two pipe fragments connected by a branch at an angle of 90 degrees. The combustion chamber in this heat generator is usually a zone in the horizontal part of the structure. But sometimes the fuel is laid in the vertical section of the apparatus, for which the rocket furnace is built from two pipes different lengths mounted vertically and connected by a common horizontal channel.

Primary and secondary air passes through the furnace

The functioning of the jet furnace is based on two actions: the unhindered passage of wood gases through the pipe and the afterburning of gases produced during the combustion of fuel. Wood chips and firewood are placed in the furnace of this heat generator after a highly flammable material like paper has ignited there. A container with water or other contents is placed on the open section of the pipe. At the same time, a small space is left between the structure and the installed tank, which is necessary to create traction.

The processes occurring inside a stationary jet furnace resemble the operation of pyrolysis heating units.

Calculation of parameters (tables)

The volume of the furnace should be determined with skill, because it is he who affects the power and amount of heat generated by heating equipment. When calculating the dimensions of reactive heating equipment, an indicator of the inner diameter of the drum D is used, the value of which can vary within 300–600 mm. You also need to know the area. cross section drum. To determine this indicator of a rocket furnace, use the formula: S = 3.14 * D ^ 2 / 4.

The main dimensions of the jet furnace are presented in the table:

Parameter	Meaning
Drum height H	1.5D to 2D
The height of the heat-insulating coating of the drum	2/3H
The thickness of the heat-insulating coating of the drum	1/3D
Cross-sectional area of the primary chimney	From 0.045S to 0.065S (optimally - from 0.05S to 0.06S). The higher the primary chimney, the better.
Minimum clearance between the top edge of the primary chimney and the drum cover	70 mm. With a smaller value, the aerodynamic resistance of the gap for the gases passing through it will be excessively large.
Flame tube length and area	Length and area of the primary chimney
Sectional area of the blower	Half of the cross-sectional area of the primary chimney
Cross-sectional area of the external chimney	1.5S to 2S
The thickness of the adobe pillow under the flue with a stove bench	50–70 mm (if there are wooden boards under the bed - from 25 to 35 mm)
The height of the coating above the flue with a stove bench	150 mm. It is not recommended to reduce, otherwise the oven will accumulate less heat.
Height of the external chimney	at least 4 m

Particular importance is attached to the length of the flue with a stove bench. The maximum allowable indicators are shown in the table:

The volume of the secondary ash chamber is also an important indicator, depending on the volume of the drum and the primary chimney.

D (diameter)	Volume
300 mm	0.1x (Vk - Vpd)	Where Vk is the volume of the drum, Vpd - the volume of the primary chimney.
600 mm	0.05x(Vk - Vpd)

Building materials for the construction of a non-standard furnace

The production of jet heating equipment will require the presence of:

barrels with a volume of 200 liters and a diameter of 0.6 meters, an empty liquefied gas cylinder or tin buckets to build a furnace drum;
square or round steel pipes 2-3 mm thick, which are needed to create a blower, a combustion chamber and a primary chimney;
fireclay crushed stone and furnace clay as heat-insulating materials;
adobe, which serves as an outer coating layer;
fireclay bricks;
sand from the bottom of the river;
pieces of sheets of zinc-coated steel or aluminum for the manufacture of covers and doors;
asbestos or basalt cardboard, which performs the tasks of a sealant.

Of the tools for the construction of a rocket furnace, you will need a welding machine. And if you plan to make heating equipment out of bricks, you will have to take:

Master OK;
mortar blade;
pick hammer;
stitching;
an acute-angled sledgehammer;
level;
plumb;
roulette.

Preparing for the assembly of heating equipment

When choosing a place for a rocket furnace, they are guided by some rules:

reactive heating equipment is placed only in a room with an area of at least 16 m²;
without floorboards under the oven, equipment installation will be easier;
above the structure that gives heat, it is forbidden to place wooden beams;
if it is intended that the chimney will go through ceilings, then the heating equipment is placed in the middle of the house;
the heat generator cannot be installed near the outer contour of the house, otherwise the room will lose heated air;
the jet device must not be placed near the walls and partitions of their wooden materials.

To make it convenient to put fuel in jet heating equipment, it is more reasonable to put it with the front side opposite the entrance. It is important to leave at least a meter of unoccupied space around the rocket stove.

In a small house, builders are advised to allocate a place in the corner for the stove. In this case, the firebox should be directed in one direction, and the stove bench (if it is made) in the other.

The stove stands on a special platform that protects the floor from high temperatures.

Having found a suitable site for a rocket furnace, they begin to prepare it for construction work. If boards are laid on the floor in the house, then in the place where the equipment will be installed, they will need to be removed. A hole is dug under the open floor, the bottom of which must be pressed.

Before construction works a special solution should be mixed. It consists of sand and clay combined in a ratio of 1:1. Water will be needed so much that the building materials acquire the consistency of sour cream, that is, ¼ of the amount of dry ingredients.

Do-it-yourself step-by-step instructions for making

If it is planned to make a rocket furnace from a gas cylinder, then you can not be afraid of difficulties. The steps to create equipment from such building materials are quite simple:

from a cylinder with a volume of 50 liters, the upper part is cut off in order to build a kind of cap;
The balloon is cut at the top and bottom
focusing on the instructions in the drawing, all parts of the product are welded to each other, that is, a gas cylinder, a pipe with a diameter of 10 cm (future chimney), a pipe with a diameter of 7 cm (internal channel) and another pipe with a diameter of 15 cm (firebox);
Dimensions are in mm
the space between the two pipes is filled with a material that retains heat, for example, sand, which has been carefully calcined, that is, cleaned of organic substances;
legs are welded to give stability to the structure.

To build a rocket stove with a stove bench, which involves the use of bricks, you need to act differently:

The area for arranging the firebox is deepened by removing 10 cm of soil. The combustion chamber is formed from fireclay bricks. A formwork is created along the contour of the manufactured structure. To make the base strong, it is recommended to lay a reinforcing mesh or metal bars in it;
The platform will harden in about two days
The structure is poured with liquid concrete. Then they wait for the solution to harden, and finish the job. Bricks are laid in a continuous line, creating a platform for the furnace. After that, the walls of the structure are formed, exposing several rows of brick blocks;
They equip the lower channel of the structure, while one line of bricks is laid across to block the combustion chamber. The blocks are placed, leaving the vertical channel and the opening of the firebox open;
Two sectors of the furnace at this stage of construction must be open
They find a body from an old boiler and cut off the top and bottom covers on it. At the bottom of the resulting pipe, a flange is installed through which a horizontal heat exchanger will pass. Parts need to be connected to each other with a continuous weld;
Work requires diligence
An outlet pipe is inserted into the barrel, after which they take a brush for metal and scrape rust from the walls of the container. The cleaned barrel is treated with a primer, and a little later - with paint that is resistant to high temperatures;
The horizontal chimney is connected by welding to the side outlet - the future ash pan. To facilitate its cleaning, a sealed flange is mounted;
Spread the flame tube of refractory bricks. At the same time, a channel with a height and width of 18 cm is formed inside the structure. While doing this, they constantly use the building level, which allows you to control the verticality of the product;
The height of the pipe is predetermined
The flame tube is covered with a protective casing, and the resulting gaps are clogged with perlite. The lower area of the vertical channel is sealed with wet clay, the function of which is to prevent spillage thermal insulation material on the floor;
From the boiler, on which the top and bottom were cut off, a fuel tank is formed. A handle must be welded to it;
To improve the appearance, the structure is treated with adobe putty, consisting of sawdust and raw clay. The first component of the composition serves in the same way as crushed stone in concrete, that is, it prevents cracking of the furnace walls. It is recommended to apply adobe putty on top of perlite backfill;
They create the facade of the furnace, for which the furnace circuit is laid out of stone, bricks, adobe and sand. The wrong side of the structure is filled with crushed stone, and the front side is filled with adobe mixture, which makes the surface perfectly even;
On the previously created base put a casing of metal barrel. The lower branch pipe of the tank is directed towards the bench. The bottom of the structure is treated with raw clay, which will ensure its tightness;
A channel is brought to the combustion chamber from corrugated pipe. It will serve as a link between the firebox and the atmosphere from the outside;
At this stage, the oven looks almost finished.
A test kindling of the furnace is carried out, looking at how the gases are removed from the horizontal chimney. After that, the heat exchanger pipes are connected to the lower branch pipe installed on the red brick platform;
The furnace is supplemented with a pipe for removing smoke. The junction of the chimney and the heat generator is sealed with refractory coating and asbestos cord;
Using clay and adobe, the couch is given desired shape. Only the horizontal section of the structure is left unsealed, which will then be used during cooking.
The furnace functions as a whole system

Design improvement

A stove bench with a flue inside is not the only option for upgrading a rocket furnace. The design can be improved with a water jacket connected to a heating system in which water circulates. It is desirable to give this part of the structure the appearance of a coil, created from a copper pipe, twisting on the chimney.

This design provides even more warmth.

Another way to improve the jet furnace is associated with the organization of the flow of heated secondary air into the flame tube. This will increase the efficiency of the heat generator, but will lead to deposits in the primary chimney large amount of soot. Therefore, it is better to make sure that the drum cover can be dismantled if necessary.

The subtleties of operating an unconventional furnace

The rocket furnace is heated by analogy with the upper combustion heat generator. It turns out that the kindling of equipment called a rocket must be carried out according to certain rules:

the main raw material for the furnace of the unit should be laid only after the structure has warmed up well, for which, first, sawdust or paper is placed and set on fire in the blowing sector;
they necessarily react to the muffling of the hum coming from the furnace - they put a large batch of fuel into the combustion chamber, which will ignite on its own from the red-hot residues of sawdust;
the process is closely monitored, that is, after laying firewood, the damper is fully opened, and after a while, when the equipment makes a hum, it is covered to produce a sound similar to rustling;
as necessary, the damper is covered more and more, otherwise the furnace will become filled with an excess volume of air, which will disrupt the pyrolysis inside the flame tube and lead to the creation of a strong hum.

Since the jet oven was originally designed for field use, its design is extremely simple. This allows you to cope with the manufacture of the unit to the usual home master. But, despite the apparent lightness, the rocket stove is supposed to be assembled, taking into account the correct ratio of parameters. Otherwise, the equipment will be unproductive.