How to transplant indoor tangerine. Tangerine tree - home care. When is a mandarin transplant needed?

Florists dream of periodically replenishing their collections with exotic plants. One of the popular crops on the windowsill is the tangerine tree. The plant does not require complex special care. One of the conditions for the well-being of citrus is timely correct transplant into a new pot.

When are tangerines transplanted

The plant is transplanted in early spring when growth processes are activated in the trunk, branches. The frequency of transplantation will be determined taking into account the age of the tree.

1. Young trees are placed in a new larger container every year. This is due to the intensity of the growth of the root system.
2. After 7 years, the tree is considered an adult. Therefore, it is transplanted once every three years.

Experienced citrus growers themselves determine when a citrus needs a new container.

They dig up the top ball of soil and feel the roots. If the roots are tightly intertwined and there is no soil substrate between them, a new pot is needed 2-3 cm in diameter larger than the previous one.

The choice of capacity for transplantation

The root system of the plant is actively growing. Therefore, planting young seedlings in miniature containers is impractical. It is better to immediately pay attention to medium-sized pots - 10 cm in diameter.

Mandarin transplantation is carried out once a year. Each time, the diameter of the container is increased by 2-5 cm. The maximum size of the pot is 50 cm. After reaching these parameters, the plant is transplanted by transshipment with partial replacement of the soil with a new substrate.

Too much capacity cannot be used - loose citrus roots affect the frequency of flowering and fruiting.

The material of the pot doesn't matter. Choose containers depending on individual preferences - clay, ceramic, plastic.

Soil for tangerine tree

Before transplanting a tangerine tree at home, you need to prepare a nutritious soil mixture. The substrate can be bought at a specialized store. The purchased land must be:

• porous, well pass air;
• with the optimal concentration of fertilizer (no more than 10% of the volume);
• with neutral acidity;
• without foreign impurities.

It is difficult to find a quality nutrient substrate in stores. Therefore, citrus growers prefer to prepare the soil themselves. For the mixture you will need:

• humus;
• larch;
• soddy soil;
• river coarse sand.

All components are mixed in a ratio of 1:1:3:1. The mixture is carefully sieved to remove the remnants of the roots from it. The finished substrate is steamed in a water bath or calcined in an oven - under the influence of high temperatures, insect larvae die. But heat treatment of the soil destroys nutrients contained in the soil. So that the tangerine tree does not feel a lack of essential trace elements, the substrate home cooking artificially enriched by adding to it mineral fertilizer(no more than 10% of the total volume).

Before use, the mixture is loosened to fill it with air. Sometimes citrus growers use additional components during the preparation of the substrate - clay (no more than 5% of the total volume), small pebbles. To provide citrus with a constant source of phosphorus, the soil is enriched with powdered fish bones. Or they put a small fish on the bottom of the pot into which the plant is going to be transplanted.

Transplant Features

At home, the tangerine tree is transplanted by transshipment. Carry out the procedure in stages.

1. A layer of expanded clay 3-4 cm thick is laid on the bottom of the pot (depending on the volume of the container). Pebbles play the role of drainage - they prevent rotting of the roots, waterlogging of the soil.
2. 4-5 cm of the substrate is poured over the drainage layer. The earth is compacted. It is recommended to moisten the soil layer above the drainage with warm water from a spray bottle.
3. The plant is removed from the pot along with the earthy clod formed on the roots. If pulling out a homemade tangerine from old container difficult, the substrate is moistened. The pot is placed on its side, constantly turning to gradually remove the plant. If the root system of the tree has grown strongly and the roots rest against the walls of the container, you will have to break the old pot.
4. The tree, along with a clod of earth on the roots, is placed in a new container. The free space formed between the roots and the walls of the pot is carefully covered with a substrate.
5. The top of the root system is covered with a thin layer of earth - the root neck of a homemade mandarin, regardless of the size of the pot, is always at the same level above the soil.
6. Plant transplantation does not provide for compaction of the top layer of soil - it is moistened with a spray gun. The earth settles under the influence of moisture. The vacated areas are filled with an additional layer of earthen mixture.

Caring for a transplanted tree

Keeping citrus fruits at home is easy. They do not require special care. Among the basic points, citrus growers distinguish:

• Regular soil moisture. The frequency of watering is determined, taking into account the humidity of the air. If the plant is standing near a heat source, water it more often.
• It is impossible to overmoisten the soil - the risk of rotting of the root system increases.
• Periodic spraying of leaflets from a spray bottle. This procedure prevents house dust from accumulating on the leaf membranes. The plant better perceives the sun's rays necessary for photosynthesis.
• Providing a constant source of illumination. After the tangerine tree has been transplanted, it is placed on the most illuminated windowsill.
• In winter, the plant is illuminated, extending the day for it, using lamps. In summer, in order to avoid sunburn of the leaves, the tree is shaded from direct sunlight - muslin, gauze, and tulle are hung on the window.
• The branches of the plant stretch towards the sun. To form a beautiful crown, a flowerpot with citrus is rotated 45-90 °.

On warm days, a pot of citrus is taken out into the street - the plant hardens in the fresh air. You can not put a tree in the draft and the sun.

The best option is a shady place where the sun's rays periodically penetrate.

Maintaining the temperature. Citrus grows well at a temperature of 20-23 ° C. If the mercury column rises above +25 ° C, the leaves turn yellow and fall off. The most difficult period in caring for a mandarin seedling is flowering. The air temperature is maintained in the range of +10-12°С. Increase the interval between watering - the potting soil should dry out. Spraying during this period is carried out carefully - avoiding moisture on the flowers.

Conclusion

Transplanting a citrus tree growing on a windowsill is one of the important periods in caring for a plant. It allows the plant to develop, to eat the substances necessary for flowering and fruiting. During transplantation of a mandarin, one should not try to free the roots from an earthy coma - fragile processes break easily and are poorly restored.

» » » How to transplant a tangerine tree

How to grow homemade tangerines from the stone: step by step instructions

Pruning a tangerine tree

Caring for a tangerine tree to get a beautiful copy

home Tips Tangerines from the stone, tangerines at home, how to grow tangerines in an apartment on the windowsill

Bone tangerines, tangerines at home, how to grow tangerines in an apartment on a windowsill

For many years in my apartment I have successfully grown these consistently well-bearing plants. Among citrus fruits, tangerines are the most unpretentious. But, of course, if you want early and annual flowering, abundant fruiting, then you will have to pay no less attention to them than to fruit trees in the garden.

How to grow tangerines in an apartment on a windowsill

The most important for the successful cultivation of citrus fruits on the windowsill - good lighting, high humidity and good nutrition . What to do if on the window the plants receive up to 30% of street light with an air humidity of 25%, instead of the required 80, and the volume of an earthy coma is 50 times less than that required by a tangerine? Since the light must be intense year-round for 12 hours, backlighting is needed. If the windows do not face the south side, then at least in the mornings and evenings above the crown of the tangerine it is necessary to turn on a fluorescent lamp, or better, a "Reflax", specially designed to illuminate plants.

So that the mandarin does not suffer from dry air, leaves need to be sprayed daily clean (preferably filtered or boiled, that is, without lime and chlorine) water. Helps and installed nearby humidifier or now fashionable mini electric fountains.

Tangerines in the apartment, proper nutrition, drainage

Now about nutrition. In late February - early March, I will definitely transplant tangerines into large containers (3-5 cm larger than before). I pour a new nutrient prepared in the autumn soil mixture, which in equal proportions includes completely rotted manure humus, compost, sod and leaf soil. But not peat - it is low-nutrient, dries quickly and often turns sour, and since it is the basis of earth mixtures sold in stores, they had to be abandoned. At worst, you can take the earth from the beds by adding a glass of wood ash, a matchbox of superphosphate and 1 kg of the now sold organic fertilizer from rotted horse manure "Gardener's Dream" to a bucket with thorough mixing (odorless fertilizer and enriched with a full set of trace elements).

At the bottom of the tank I put charcoal for drainage. I carry out the transplant with the maximum preservation of the former earthy coma, so as not to disturb the roots in any case - both small and large. I remove only the top centimeter layer of soil.

Usually, a few weeks after transplantation, the mandarin begins an active growth period, and then it repeats three more times during the spring-summer season. At this time, once every 2 weeks, it is advisable to feed it with fertilizer solutions. From the "mineral water" I prefer to use sudarushka, ryazanochka, kemira-lux (1-2 g per liter of water), and from organic - again, horse manure flumb concentrate (1:60), it is sold in small liter canisters.

What varieties of tangerines for the home to choose and will not be deceived

As for tangerine varieties, they are all good: Unshiu, Kovano-Vase, Miho-Vase, Abkhazian early ripe, Agudzera. Their height on the windowsill does not exceed 2 m (since 1964, I have been growing a dwarf Unshiu less than a meter high), but their fruits (first yellow, and then orange) are no less, but rather larger than purchased ones, and, curiously, sweeter and juicier!

Just a warning: under the name "tangerine" in flower shops, another type of citrus fruit is increasingly appearing - calamandin, which is distinguished by darker, smaller and rounded shiny leaves. On the windowsill, he feels quite tolerable, blooms well, but his fruits are sweet and sour.

With caution, I advise you to treat the acquisition of seedlings with open roots (without pots) from Abkhazia: they are difficult to get used to the dry air of the room, and besides, they are grafted onto the deciduous citrus species - trifoliate and need coolness in winter.

Protecting mandarin from pests, false scales and spider mites

Failures in growing homemade tangerine are usually associated with the destructive activity of two pests. These are false shields, immobile, tightly attached to the leaves, convex brown "turtles" that secrete a sticky substance, and spider mites, tiny spiders, visible by a thin cobweb on the petioles of the leaves.

Here the best remedies control: harmless to our health and at the same time the most dangerous for pests, the biological preparation fitoverm, as well as actellik. They are bred exactly according to the instructions supplied with the purchase. But it is better not to spray the plants, but to thoroughly wash the entire crown in a bucket of solution, dipping the tangerine upside down - then the preparations work more efficiently. Moreover, this procedure must be done three times, with a weekly interval.

Growing tangerines at home, where to start, cuttings

The coming months are a fertile time for the reproduction of tangerines. But I warn you: cuttings rarely root, they are usually grafted onto seedlings of any citrus fruits (lemons, oranges, grapefruits) as thick as a pencil or slightly thinner.

Grafting technique differs little from that used in the garden on an apple or pear tree. The only difference is that the grafted cutting must be covered with a plastic bag, hidden for a month in a mini-greenhouse, where high humidity significantly contributes to the successful development of the seedling.
It is easy to grow a grafting seedling yourself in one or two years from the seeds of a lemon or other citrus fruits.

And behind the cuttings contact the botanical gardens, greenhouses of the All-Russian Exhibition Center, Timiryazevka.

V. Dalykin

Tangerine tree - care

Mandarin is a perennial evergreen plant. At proper care indoor tangerine tree grows up to 1 meter in height, blooms, and even bears fruit - up to 50-70 tangerines can grow on a small tree. They ripen by autumn and can stay on the tree for several months. But in order for the tangerine tree to please you with fruits, you need to take care of it. How to graft an ornamental tangerine tree, what kind of care it needs, and whether the plant needs pruning, we'll talk about all this.

How to care for a tangerine tree?

Caring for a tangerine tree starts with choosing the right location. In a tangerine tree, with a lack of light, leaves fall, so the plant is best placed near the southern, southwestern and southeastern windows. At the same time, it is worth covering the plant from direct sunlight in summer, and in winter it is desirable to illuminate the tangerine tree. In summer, citrus can be taken out into the open air, to a place protected from the wind, and if there is a garden, then dig a tangerine tree in a pot into the soil.

The ideal temperature for growing a tangerine tree is 16-18°C. At a higher temperature, the leaves of the tangerine tree, of course, do not fall off, but such a nuisance can happen with flowers. Although the fall of some part of the ovary is considered normal, and this happens twice - after the petals fall, and after the fruits reach the size of a small nut.

Rules for caring for a homemade tangerine tree

The tangerine tree has a dormant period when the plant stops growing. At this time, the temperature must be lowered to 10-14 ° C, if this is not done, fruiting can not wait. But beware of a sharp temperature drop, the tree will not like it. Any change must be accustomed to gradually.

How to water a tangerine tree so that it does not dry out? In the warm season, this should be done plentifully so that the earthen lump is completely wet. In winter, watering should be reduced to prevent stagnant water. But if in winter the tangerine remains in a warm room, then it is not necessary to adjust the watering.

Air humidity is important for all citrus plants, so it needs to be increased by everyone. available means- spraying plants, placing containers with wet pebbles next to the tree, wiping the leaves with a damp cloth. The latter is recommended to be done only with adult plants, because young leaves are easily damaged. Also in the summer you can arrange a mandarin bath in the shower, this will stimulate its growth. If the plant is kept in a cool room in winter, then spraying should be stopped.

You need to feed the tangerine tree regularly in the spring and summer, once every 2 weeks. It is desirable to use organic fertilizers, while using chemical fertilizers to a minimum and only alternating with organic matter.

How to transplant a tangerine tree?

Transplantation up to 4 years of age is performed annually, then every 3-4 years. You need to select a pot a couple of centimeters larger than the previous one, you don’t need to use too large pots - the soil will turn sour. When transplanting a mandarin, the root neck cannot be deepened - the bark is damaged, an infection appears and the plant dies. The soil needs light and nutritious, drainage is required.

How to graft a tangerine tree?

Reproduction of the tangerine tree is carried out by cuttings, air layering, seeds and grafting. Air layering is suitable for older trees where a well-formed branch can be selected. Cuttings are not suitable for all varieties. Seeds give a good result, but fruiting can be expected for a long time. To speed up the process, the plant is grafted. A bud is taken from the middle part of the cutting of a fruiting tree and carefully placed in a T-shaped incision on the rootstock. The vaccination site is wrapped with electrical tape and removed when the kidney takes root.

Pruning a tangerine tree

To speed up fruiting, tangerines need to be cut. To do this, pinch the apical shoots in a timely manner so that the mandarin begins to branch. In addition, all weak and thickening branches must also be removed.

Root family. The birthplace of the mandarin is China, Japan, the Philippines, Cochin China (Indochina). Botanical name Cītrus reticulata.

Types of tangerines

You probably noticed that in the store, tangerine fruits have the most diverse shape, the thickness of the peel of the fruit, the number of seeds. This is because the genus mandarin, like the orange, is very diverse. This applies not only to fruits, but also to other morphological features: the size and shape of the bush, buds, flowers and ovaries. And in a store called ‘tangerine’ they sell not only true tangerines, but also its hybrids (price and taste are important to a simple buyer, nothing more).

Non-hybrid tangerines (true tangerines, various varieties) are most commonly known as Unshiu Mandarin, although the correct botanical name is Citrus reticulata Blanco or Citrus reticulata var. unshiu, very often the name is written as Citrus unshiu, meaning many varieties, united by the common name Mandarin Unshiu (seedless).

Despite varietal differences, all tangerines have green leathery leaves of an elliptical shape, usually slightly corrugated, narrowed at the ends, lionfish are absent or small. The terms of ripening of fruits are different (there is a grouping according to precocity). Tangerines in nature rarely grow more than 2.5-2.7 m, at home no more than 1.5 m. different varieties different). Mandarin Unshiu does not have a pronounced dormant period, the leaves falling during the year are replaced by newly formed leaves (the life of the leaf is 2-4 years). The flowers are white, five-petalled, appear in spring on short last year's shoots. Mandarin is propagated by grafting, air layering, cuttings, seeds. Unshiu tangerine bears fruit from three to four years of age, with proper agricultural technology.

The taxonomy of the mandarin genus has not been finally approved. But experts distinguish several groups of tangerines:

• Satsuma tangerines include varieties of several groups: Unshiu Unshiu, Wase Wase, Owari Owari, Ikeda Ikedu, Zairai Zairai, Mikado Mikado, King King, etc.
• A group of hybrid tangerines: calamondin, clementine, tangelo, tangerines, natsumican, tangor, Nobils tangerine, Mediterranean tangerine, citrandarins, ichandarins.

For a simple florist who has just started growing citrus fruits, it is usually enough to know that the purchased plant is mandarin and caring for it, like most citrus fruits.

Passionate citrus grower, usually passionate about his work and trying to learn the whole story of each citrus tree. For him, the varieties differ in one look ‘Kovano-Vase’ Kovano Wase - undersized dense trees, with brown rough bark, bordered petioles, it does not have thorns, flowers are single or in a small group and large about 4 cm in diameter. The variety is popular on the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus.

But the variety 'Okitsu' Okitsu Wase - originally from Japan, popularized all over the world (Spain, China, Argentina) - is also a low tree with a spreading, but sparse crown, has small spines, forms a huge number of fruits - therefore it is considered one of the most promising varieties (begins to bear fruit very early). But there is a small minus - Okitsu is not the best option for indoor citrus growing if there is no special place for wintering. This variety is not only resistant to cold, it does not tolerate heat, dryness and needs a cold dormant period in winter.

Portuguese early variety of carvalhais Citrus reticulata ‘Carvalhais’ is an upright growing tree, the leaves are usually long, pointed, like a clementine, the flesh is orange, juicy, pleasantly sour, has numerous seeds. It is very popular in Portugal, it is very rarely exported, since the fruits are practically not stored, they quickly deteriorate. This mandarin is a hybrid of unknown origin, it is believed that one of the parents is the Mediterranean mandarin Citrus deliciosa.

• In general, everything is simple for European gardeners with a classification, all tangerines are conventionally divided into groups: Goku Wase (very early varieties), Wase (early varieties) and Owari (late varieties).
• In the United States, tangerines are often sold that are distinguished by a bright orange or red color called tangerines - these are not real tangerines, their genetics have not yet been studied.

Mandarin Care

Temperature: Tangerines are demanding of light and heat. Budding, flowering and fruit set are best achieved at an average air and soil temperature of + 17-18°C.

In winter, the mandarin needs to find a colder place - the best insulated balcony. The upper limit is 14-15°C, the lower limit is 8-12°C - watering is appropriate, from very moderate to scarce. The lack of cold wintering can lead to the fact that the plant does not bear fruit. In addition, a large tangerine tree on the windowsill during the heating season will invariably be under the flow of hot air from the battery, which leads to drying out of the leaves, rapid reproduction of ticks and other problems. If you don't have a place to hibernate, use a greenhouse film to shield the edge of the window sill from the warm air of the room.

Lighting: from February-March to August, at midday hours on a sunny window, you need very light shading to protect the tangerine not so much from sunburn as from heat and dryness. The southeast window is ideal for him, a place next to the south window (immediately behind the tulle curtain), it will be too hot in the southwest window in summer. North windows are absolutely not for citrus fruits. The general plan is as follows: from 11 to 15 hours - you can shade, before and after - shade is not needed, the sun is welcome. In winter, the lower the temperature, the lower the need for light. If the house is warm and there is no option for a cold winter, you will have to put two fluorescent lamps of 40 W each (white or blue glow) 15-20 cm from the crown on both sides, so that the total daylight hours are at least 12 hours.

Watering: in summer and spring plentifully, after it dries upper layer earth 5-6 cm from the top of the pot - every other day or two, and when it is very hot - every day, on cold damp days, moderate, be sure to check the soil with your finger. In autumn and winter, the frequency of watering depends on the air temperature, with a cool content, watering is rare, after a thorough drying of the earth. However, it is not necessary to overdry the earth to a state of dust - drying and falling off of leaves, ovaries, and fruits will begin. On the other hand, we must not forget that plants die from excess moisture. Therefore, it is important that the soil is loose, and watering should be adjusted so that the soil dries out after watering for 4-5 days no longer.

Humidity: it is advisable to spray tangerines in the summer, on dry hot days, but if they are kept in a room with central heating in winter, then they are sprayed two to three times a day in winter. If there is a hot battery in the room, cover it with a damp towel.

Repotting: Young trees should be repotted annually. Transplantation should not be carried out if the roots of the plant have not yet been braided with an earthen ball.

In this case, it is enough to change the top layers of the earth in a pot - it is depleted and often oversaturated with insoluble salts. Fruiting trees are transplanted no more than once every 2-3 years. Transplanted before the start of growth. It is not recommended to transplant the plants after the end of growth. When transplanting, one should not strongly destroy the earthen clod.

If you just bought a young tangerine in a store, and even with fruits, you need to transfer it to a larger pot without disturbing the roots. Tangerine trees from a flower shop are grown in greenhouses and planted in peat - far from an ideal substrate for tangerine. But you can’t immediately replace it - you injure the roots and lose the fruits. Pick up a pot 2-4 cm larger than the store one, pour about 5 cm of drainage on the bottom (from expanded clay, shards or broken bricks). Remove the tree from the old pot (if it does not come out, cut it on both sides with a hot knife). Place in a new pot and top up with soil. If part of the soil crumbled when removed from the old pot - do not use it, but you need to add no more fresh soil: the root neck in the new pot should be at the same level as it was in the previous one.

• Soil for young tangerines: 2 parts of turf, 1 part of leafy soil, 1 part of humus (manure that has lain in a heap for 3-4 years), 1 part of small pebbles (3-4 mm - coarse sand) 1 part of vermiculite.
• Soil for adult tangerines: 3 parts of sod land, 1 part of leaf, 1 part of humus, 1 part of small pebbles (3-4 mm - coarse sand), 1 part of vermiculite.

The acidity of the soil for citrus fruits should be pH = 6.5-7. Avoid planting in highly acidic soil.

Top dressing: with the beginning of the growth of a tangerine tree in the spring, you need to start top dressing, but not earlier than a month after transplantation. It is best to alternate organic top dressing with mineral for flowering plants. As an organic, use an infusion of mullein or horse manure (1:10 with water). And mineral fertilizers - any for flowering, for example, Fertika-lux, Agricola, Pokon, etc. There are also special fertilizers for citrus fruits. Mandarin is very sensitive to a lack of potassium: the edges of the leaves turn yellow and dry out. If similar symptoms appear on your tangerine, you need to carry out additional foliar (by leaf) potassium nutrition. Use potassium sulfate (potassium sulphate), potassium carbonate (potassium carbonate, potash) or other chlorine-free fertilizers for dressing tangerines, do not use fertilizers containing chlorine - potassium chloride, potassium salt, etc.

• If in winter the tangerine is not grown in warm home conditions, but at rest it stands in a cold place (balcony, loggia, winter garden), then top dressing is not needed. If growth continues, the formation of new leaves or fruit ripening. Continue to feed, as in the summer, but be sure to illuminate.

reproduction

Reproduction of tangerines, as well as lemons, is usually carried out by grafting, cuttings, layering and seeds. At home, the most common way to propagate citrus fruits is cuttings, in which case the plants can bloom immediately after rooting. In this case, it is better to cut off the flowers, first let the plant grow and gain strength.

Tangerine tree - care

But fruit trees grown from seed can bloom at best in ten to fifteen years.

• By the way, if mandarin can be a scion and be grafted onto various citrus fruits: lemon, orange, grapefruit, etc., then mandarin is practically not used as a stock. The reason for this is poor, slow formation of callus, poor wound healing, vaccinations do not take root, and if they take root, they are often rejected.

Another way to get a tangerine tree at home is to buy a fresh delivery of tangerines in the store, which have preserved cuttings at the base of the fruit. If the leaves are still fresh, urgently put a sprig to root in a mini-greenhouse (soil, as for seeds) or root in a zip bag, or graft if you have a suitable rootstock.

How to grow a tangerine from a seed

Mandarin is easy to grow from the seed - you just need to soak the seed from the eaten fruit for 2-3 days in clean water. When the root hatches (the seed will crack, a small white tip will stick out of it), you need to plant it in a pot 6-7 cm in diameter, in a mixture of soil (universal for citrus fruits from the store) and vermiculite to a depth of 1 cm. Keep the soil in a moderately moist condition - do not overdry! The seed germinates within 2-3 weeks. After germination, put on a sunny windowsill.

It is also almost impossible to graft a tangerine on wilds, it is a very weak and unpromising stock.

Growing problems

Mandarin can be affected by powdery mildew and other fungal infections: in this case, it is necessary to spray and water the mandarin with a solution of foundationazole, topaz, blue vitriol and other fungicides.

• New leaves become smaller, old ones turn yellow and fall off, there is no flowering, fruits do not set - the plant does not have enough nutrients, it needs to be transplanted into nutrient soil, similar symptoms can also be observed when affected by ticks.
• Yellow spots appear on the leaves or the edges of the leaves turn yellow, the leaves fall prematurely - with excessive watering, watering should have time to dry out at least in the upper third of the pot.
• Gray dry spots on the leaves, shriveled leaves - sunburn, pest damage.
• Sudden fall of leaves - waterlogging of the soil, lack of light in winter, watering cold water, low indoor temperatures in winter, excess nutrients in the soil, or cold drafts.

Mandarin pests

Scale insects: look like brown convex plaques on the surface of leaves, petioles and stems, mainly along the veins, suck out cell sap. Leaves lose color, dry and fall off. Buds and flowers dry, fruits fall off.

Control measures. Spray the plant thoroughly and water with a solution systemic insecticide- actors. After a day, wash off the leaves with a strong pressure of warm water.

Spider mite: it is especially harmful when it is too dry and hot - the tops of the shoots shrivel and do not grow, the leaves turn yellow and dry out, often the edges of the leaves twist inward and on reverse side leaf, you can see the web. The fruits fall off. There are many spider mites - some are visible to the naked eye (running red dots 0.5 mm in size), others can only be seen with a magnifying glass or microscope.

Control measures. The plant is washed with soapy water (baby soap, fairy), hold the foam for 2-3 minutes, washed under a hot shower (temperature about 45 ° C). Then dilute the garlic solution: 1 clove per glass of water and spray the leaves, do not rinse. Repeat after 3-5 days. With a very severe lesion, mandarin can be sprayed with a 0.15% solution of actellik (1-2 ml per liter of water) or karbofos.

Good results in such cases are obtained by spraying with a solution of Epin, Narcissus or other stimulant

Mandarin

Mandarin(citrus reticulata).
Mandarin is an evergreen, subtropical, fruit tree, Rutaceae family. Origin - South China.
Along with the orange, the most common citrus fruit crop. It is grown in all countries with a subtropical climate. It has many varieties and hybrids with other citrus fruits.

Mandarin is a low tree or bush, with a rounded, dense crown.
The leaves are ovate-elliptical in shape, dark green in color, lionfish are almost absent.
Run without thorns.
Flowers white, solitary.

The fruit is multi-celled, up to 8 cm in diameter and weighing from 50 to 250 grams.
The peel is thin, well separated from the pulp, orange color.
The taste of mandarin is sweet, with a slight sourness.
The fruits are very juicy and fragrant. Mostly used fresh.

Growing mandarin

Mandarin is propagated by grafting on seedlings of other citrus fruits.
Seedlings begin to bloom and bear fruit for 2-3 years.

Mandarin is a subtropical plant open field withstands temperatures down to -6 ° C, but in a room or greenhouse culture it is better to keep the plant in spring summer time at a temperature of + 20-25 ° C, and in the autumn winter period+5-15°C.
Mandarin prefers fertile soils, weakly acidic reaction. You can use ready-made mixtures for citrus fruits.
In the spring-summer period, fertilizing with humate complex fertilizers should be applied every 2-3 weeks.
Air humidity is desirable at the level of 65-75%, spraying with water and "bath" days are required.

Mandarin at home: growing from seeds

Mandarin is affected by many pests, especially California scale insects and thrips, so insecticide treatments should be carried out regularly.
The tangerine tree withstands diffused light well; it does not like open sun. If possible, then for the summer the tangerine can be taken out into the garden.

The mandarin culture is very productive - it is one of the most grateful plants that responds well to caring care.

Buy mandarin seedlings

In our nursery you can buy mandarin seedlings at a price of 650 to 1000 rubles, depending on age and variety.
Available varieties: Barcelo, Rio Grande, Large-fruited, Anniversary, Unshiu large-leaved, Kovano-Vase, Miagawa-Vase.

Photos mandarin

It is not at all difficult to grow a tangerine tree from a stone at home., you just need to adhere to certain rules, and if you are not too lazy and pay a little more attention to your pet, then a tangerine tree grown at home from a stone will certainly delight you with its delicate flowering and sweet fruits. True, the first harvest will have to wait for several years, but we assure you that your own fruit-bearing and evergreen tree will give the house such comfort that you will not be disappointed in this undertaking.

What you need to grow a tangerine tree from a stone

We propose to figure out right away what is required for the successful cultivation of a tangerine tree from a stone at home:

• 10-15 pieces of tangerine seeds (not all will sprout), which can be extracted from the tangerine you like;
• gauze;
• potassium permanganate solution;
• flowerpot or box with a height of at least 60 cm;
• soil for citrus fruits (neutral soil with the addition of superphosphates and ash is also suitable);
• drainage materials;
• mineral and organic fertilizers;
• stalk or peephole with which the grown tree will be grafted;
• garden pitch;
• adhesive tape and a knife for vaccination.

With these simple tools, you can safely start growing your tangerine tree from the stone.

We grow a tangerine tree from a stone at home

At home, growing a tangerine tree from a stone invariably begins with the germination of seeds. To do this, the bones are placed between several layers of gauze soaked in a weak solution of manganese and make sure that the fabric always remains wet. A few days later, when the seedlings “hatch”, they begin to plant the seeds in the ground. Expanded clay or small pebbles with sand are poured at the bottom of the pot, then a layer of soil, into which they are lowered carefully so as not to damage the delicate roots, sprouted tangerine seeds. The tree has been planted, and very soon it will be possible to observe its rapid growth. It is best to place the pot on a windowsill on the south or southwest side, where there is plenty of sunlight.

How to transplant a tangerine tree at home

With the appearance of sprouts above the soil surface, it is time to fertilize with organic and mineral fertilizers, which are recommended to be carried out once every couple of weeks, after watering. In the warm season, the tree requires daily moderate watering and spraying with water. room temperature, in winter, the number of irrigations is reduced to 2 procedures per week. The plant is transplanted annually, in February - March, but when the home-grown tangerine tree from the stone reaches 8 years of age, the transplant is done once every two years.

Properly grafting a tangerine tree from a stone

The fruits that a tangerine tree grown from a stone at home will give will be unfit for food, however, this is easy to fix by grafting the plant. Vaccination is carried out during the period of active sap flow - in April or in August. The procedure for this operation is as follows:

Perhaps these are all the rules that should be followed in order to have a beautiful one on your windowsill. exotic plant evoking the admiring glances of guests. Be sure to try to grow a tangerine tree from a stone at home, attracting children to help, this will give them great joy and the warmest, “tangerine” memories.

Tangerine trees take root in city apartments more easily than lemon or orange trees. They do not wither when the room temperature drops to +14, and can produce up to 70 juicy and sweet fruits per year. Citruses purify and disinfect the air, protecting the tenants of the apartment from colds and viral diseases, pleasing to the eye with a dense dark green crown and pale white flowers that smell much better than any air freshener.

Rules for buying a tangerine

On the Internet or specialized nurseries, mature fruit-bearing trees are sold, which are enough to bring home, water and feed. Formed citruses will cost a round sum, so it's easier to grow your own tangerine from a sprout or seed.

The first option is less troublesome, but when buying a young tree, you should ask the sellers for a certificate. Some merchants pass off calamondins as tangerines, which smell like citrus and bear fruit, but the orange fruit is completely tasteless. They cheat mainly in markets or supermarkets, because nurseries value their reputation, but even when visiting a specialized center, you should ask employees for documents.

Land preparation

Citrus fruits are intolerant acidic soils containing peat. Land for growing tangerines should be light and nutritious, breathable and retain moisture. To prepare the right soil for young trees, you need to mix 4 components:

• sheet and soddy soil in equal proportions;
• coarse-grained river sand, which must be disinfected;
• humus obtained from cow dung.

The last ingredient can be replaced with compost, which has no less nutrients. When the mandarin is 3-4 years old, oily clay is added to the soil, which will retain moisture and protect the root system from drying out.

Pour a drainage layer 3-5 cm thick into a pot or tub intended for citrus. Expanded clay, small pebbles or clay shards will do. Use large pebbles that allow air to pass through better and prevent water from stagnating at the bottom.

Do I need to transplant tangerine

Every year, the citrus tree is moved from a smaller pot to a larger one, because a growing tree needs more space. A four-year-old mandarin is recommended to be transplanted immediately into a wooden tub, where he will live and bear fruit for the next 2-3 years.

relocate the plant better in spring when the citrus wakes up and actively develops. First, they make a small dig to check the condition of the root system. If the tangerine is tightly braided with an earthen ball, it is transplanted. If not, change the top layer of soil and leave in the old pot until next year.

How to relocate a citrus without injuring it?

1. Moisten the earth around the edges so that it better lags behind the walls of the pot.
2. Lightly tap the container with a spatula or hand. This makes it easier to separate the roots with soil from clay or wooden walls.
3. Take the mandarin by the trunk and take it out along with the ground. It is not necessary to clean the old soil from the plant so as not to damage it.
4. Prepare a new pot in advance with drainage and a layer of earth. Put a tangerine in it, cover it with soil on top.
5. Tamp the soil, but not much. Water the citrus and put in the sun.

When transplanting a tree, it is impossible to completely cover the root neck with earth. Its upper part should remain on the surface so that the citrus takes root faster.

Reference: The root neck of a mandarin is a line separating the trunk and skeletal roots. In this place, the tree has a small seal, which is half covered with earth.

Lighting

Tangerines need sunlight. The more, the healthier the tree and the juicier the fruits. Adult citruses are placed next to the western or eastern windows. Pots with young trees are placed on the northern windowsill.

Plants also feel good next to southern windows if they have blinds or translucent curtains that scatter light. It is undesirable that direct sunlight falls on citrus leaves. Ultraviolet burns the crown of tangerines and dries out the earth.

In summer, it is useful to take citrus fruits to the balcony or leave them in the garden. The tub is placed under tall spreading trees that will scatter and soften the light. Plants located in the apartment by the window should be closed from the sun at noon, and opened in the evening, closer to 4–5 o'clock.

In winter, tangerines must be illuminated with phytolamps. The duration of daylight hours is 8–12 hours, no less, otherwise the citrus weakens, the leaves turn yellow and fall off. The tree is restored for a long time and is difficult, spending a lot of energy and nutrients, and some specimens cannot cope with the shock and die.

Tip: When using special lamps, the citrus tub needs to be rotated around its own axis from time to time so that all sides of the plant receive approximately the same amount of light.

Temperature and humidity

In the spring, the first buds appear on the tangerine tree, and it is important that the temperature in the room does not fall below +20–25 degrees. When the thermometer drops to +17-15, the citrus is covered with barren flowers that smell good, but do not yield.

In winter, the plant is transferred to a cool room. The temperature in the room is reduced gradually, due to a sharp cold snap, the tree can shed its leaves. The room should be at first +18, after +16–14, and some gardeners lower it to +10. Why keep citrus in a cool room? So that the mandarin has time to relax a bit and gain strength. After a short winter holiday, more buds bloom on the tree, and the fruits become juicier and sweeter.

You need to prepare a tangerine for hibernation after harvesting. In mid-January, the temperature in the room begins to gradually increase so that the citrus “wakes up” and has time to prepare for spring flowering.

The tangerine tree loves heat and moisture, so in the heat it needs to be sprayed twice or thrice a day from a spray bottle. In summer, a bucket or basin of water is left next to the plant to prevent the air from drying out. In winter, it is advised to install special humidifiers or ionizers. If the tub with tangerine is located near the battery or radiator, cover the heater with a damp towel.

The room in which the citrus stands is regularly ventilated. But the tree is moved away from the window, because the mandarin does not tolerate drafts well.

Watering citrus

When the earth in a tub of tangerine dries up, spider mites may appear on the plant. The soil should always be slightly moist, but not wet, so in summer the tree is watered daily, and in winter it is reduced to 2-3 times a week.

The soil should be tested with a finger, and if it seems crumbly and too dry, add a little water. Before watering, look into the pan. The accumulated liquid indicates that there is too much water, and the tree does not have time to absorb it. Watering must be stopped before the pallet dries, otherwise the root system will begin to rot or a fungus will appear.

Use only purified melt or rain water. The liquid is defended for 3-4 days in a large saucepan or plastic bucket, and then passed through a kitchen filter. You can not water the mandarin with water just from the tap, because heavy impurities and salts settle in the soil, oppressing the plant.

The amount of liquid depends on the size of the tree and the air temperature. The hotter the room, the more moisture evaporates. If a small tangerine needs 0.5–1 l, then an adult tree will need three to four.

Water must be heated to + 35–40 degrees. How to check the temperature of a liquid without a thermometer? Dip your finger into it. Should be nice, but not hot.

Pour water onto the root, trying not to let droplets fall on the leaves and trunk. Moisten the crown separately from the sprayer so that the liquid is distributed evenly. During the flowering period, make sure that water does not fall on the buds. If a few drops fall on green or ripe fruits, it's okay.

It is better to water the tree in the morning. Water helps the plant wake up and starts metabolic processes.

Fertilizer

In winter, the mandarin does not need to be fed, but from April to September-October, when the buds open and the fruits ripen, the tree needs to be fertilized. Apply nutrients twice a month. Buy complex fertilizers containing:

• phosphorus;
• nitrogen;
• potassium.

You can find suitable fertilizers in flower shops. Recommended to stay at:

• Uniflor-bud during the flowering period;
• Kemira-lux;
• Uniflor-growth during fruit ripening.

Mineral fertilizers alternate with organic ones. Natural nutrient solutions are prepared from cow dung or bird droppings. Part of the dry matter is diluted in 10-12 parts of water, infused for 2-4 days, and then added in small portions.

The soil is moistened before fertilization. When using chemicals, it is important to follow the instructions. If you increase the dosage, you can burn the roots of the mandarin or poison the tree. Citrus leaves are also treated with a weak solution. Mineral fertilizers should not fall on the fruit.

In the spring, before flowering, the tree is pruned. Remove dry and thin branches, tear off yellowed leaves. Garden shears must be sharpened and disinfected before pruning. Treat the sections with wood resin so that they heal faster.

It is easy to form an oval crown in a mandarin. It is enough to pinch the tops of the branches and cut off the extra shoots that are not able to bear fruit, and only pull nutrients from the tree.

When the plant blooms for the first time, only 10-15 buds should be left. The rest are carefully cut so that they do not deplete the young tree. The older the tangerine becomes, the more ovaries you can leave.

In the tub, install one or more wooden poles, to which branches with fruits are tied. Large fruits are attracted to the ground, and the tangerine may break or split into several pieces.

Citrus should be bathed monthly. Cover the pot and the ground with plastic wrap and take the plant to the bath. The leaves are first moistened and then lathered. You can gently rub them with a soft cloth to remove dust and cobwebs. Turn on low pressure and wash off the soap suds. Water should be at room temperature or slightly warmer.

It remains to blot the leaves and branches with a dry towel. Let the tangerine stand in the bathroom until completely dry, and then you can return it to its old place and remove the film.

Caring for a citrus tree is no more difficult than caring for an apple tree in the garden or an orchid growing on a windowsill. A lot of light, a little water and fertilizer - and the tangerine will stretch out, covered with dark green leaves and delicate buds. In summer, citrus will delight with a rich aroma, and in winter it will thank you with sweet and beneficial fruits, which are associated with the New Year and magic.

Video: how to grow a tangerine from a stone

Mandarin is an evergreen plant that belongs to the Rutov family. The specific Latin name of the mandarin is Citrus reticulate. Like orange, lemon, lime, grapefruit, it belongs to the genus Citrus. The life form of this plant is interesting - it can be a shrub and a tree, reaching a height of 5 meters.

Like other representatives of the genus Citrus, mandarin has long been grown in greenhouses, conservatories, and winter gardens. Despite its size, mandarin at home can be grown on a balcony or on a windowsill. Currently, breeders have bred many varieties of dwarf and undersized tangerines for home growing, the maximum height of which is 0.6-1.1 m. Indoor mandarin may not belong to dwarf varieties, then the plant needs to be severely cut and shaped.

Indoor mandarin is a very effective pot plant. And not only because of the bright, fragrant and appetizing orange fruits that can be stored on it for several months. Sometimes the plant gives pleasure only by its flowering, because the delicate white flowers of the mandarin exude an amazing aroma. In some varieties, flowering begins in spring and may continue all year round. Indoor mandarin, grown in the form of bonsai, is a real work of art.

The fruits of indoor mandarin are tied without artificial pollination, usually ripen at the end of the year. Often indoor tangerine in a pot is bought in a store with fruits already hanging on it. Despite the fact that they are very appetizing, they should not be eaten. Indeed, in order to achieve such a high decorative effect plants receive high doses of fertilizers. Leathery and corrugated leaves are beautiful in mandarin.

Popular mandarin varieties for growing at home

Unshiu- Japanese variety, the most unpretentious, begins to bear fruit for 3-4 years, in room conditions grows up to 0.8-1.5 m. It branches well. It blooms profusely in spring, forms fruits in late October-November. Pear-shaped fruits do not have seeds.
Kowano-Wase, Miha-Wase, Miyagawa-Wase- dwarf tangerines of the Vasya group - suitable for growing on a windowsill, height 40-80 cm. Orange-yellow fruits ripen for the first time in the second year of cultivation, abundant flowering. Like all dwarf varieties, they do not need crown formation.
Shiva Mikan- early compact fast-growing variety. Fruits are small, not more than 30 g
Murcot t - the fruits of this compact mandarin variety are very sweet, ripen in summer, taste very sweet, which is why the name of the variety is translated as "honey".
Clementine- a hybrid of mandarin and orange, bears fruit at home in the second year. One adult domestic tree per year produces up to 50 medium flattened orange-red fruits, very fragrant, with a shiny skin. Plants of this variety with numerous seeds are called monrealis.

Mandarin: home care

Tangerine lighting at home

The first step in successfully growing an indoor tangerine is choosing a location for the plant and lighting it properly.
Indoor mandarin, as well as grown in open ground, needs good lighting with some direct sunlight. In low light, the plant slows down growth, throws out a small number of flowers or does not bloom at all. With a strong lack of light, the leaves of indoor tangerine become faded, new shoots are elongated, thin and painful in appearance. Therefore, it is better to grow a plant on the eastern, southeastern and southern windows, shading from midday direct rays. In summer, the plant can be taken out to the balcony, gradually accustoming it to the street.
In winter, with a short daylight hours, indoor mandarin should be placed in the most illuminated place with straight lines. sunbeams. But sometimes this is not enough: you need artificial lighting. For this purpose the usual one will do a phytolight bulb that can be screwed into a chandelier or table lamp. It is necessary to transfer the plant to supplementary lighting gradually. With a sharp change in the length of daylight hours, it can shed its leaves.

Content temperature

Optimum temperature for indoor tangerine in the summer + 20-25 ° C. During the period of budding and flowering, so that the flowers do not fall off, it is better to keep the plant at a temperature slightly below + 20 ° C. IN winter time to ensure a relative dormant period, tangerines are kept at + 5 -10 ° C. A plant that has rested over the winter will flower and bear fruit better.

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In search of the sweetest and juiciest tangerines »

How to water and spray tangerine at home

Indoor mandarin, like its wild ancestors, is adapted to endure dry periods. In a pinch, the plant will shed its leaves to reduce the amount of liquid that evaporates. Frequent problem when growing mandarin at home, this is excessive watering, which leads to the development of fungal diseases.
The amount of water for watering indoor mandarin depends on several factors:
- the size of the plant;
- the size of the container in which the tangerine grows;
- ambient temperature;
- duration of daylight hours and light intensity.
The larger the surface of the leaves of an indoor tangerine, the stronger the evaporation, and the more it needs to be watered. The temperature also affects the rate of evaporation: the higher it is, the more the plant loses moisture. The length of daylight directly affects the amount of moisture that evaporates. Stomata - formations on the underside of terrestrial plants that serve for gas exchange, open during daylight hours.
Watering indoor tangerine should be carried out in the morning, when the plant has activated its vital processes. When the temperature drops, watering is reduced, up to stopping for several days during the period when the temperature in the room is only + 12-15 ° C. In this case, the tangerine is watered with a small amount of water, only to maintain life.
Mandarin at home needs regular spraying of the leaves. Strongly dry air has a bad effect on the plant and is often a prerequisite for its infestation with spider mites. If indoor tangerine blooms, then you need to make sure that water does not fall on its flowers.

How to feed mandarin at home

Complete care for mandarin at home is not possible without additional mineral and organic feeding. The soil in a pot is quickly depleted and washed out during watering, and recreational processes practically do not occur in it, unlike the soil in nature.
For top dressing, you can use soluble or dry fertilizers. In the spring, with an increase in daylight hours, top dressing for indoor mandarin is increased. It is in the early spring period that vegetative and generative buds begin to develop intensively, at which time the plant requires additional nutrients.
At home, mandarin is fertilized, like everyone else. houseplants, that is, in the morning. The ambient temperature should be at least + 18-19 degrees.
Soluble fertilizers are often used for top dressing. They can water the plant, and in a weaker concentration spray its leaves. For feeding indoor tangerine, any complex mineral fertilizer containing phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium is suitable - the main elements, necessary for plants.
Dissolve fertilizers in soft or settled water at room temperature. The main thing is not to increase the dose. If the instructions say: 1 cap of the product per 1 liter of water, do not think that 2 caps will make the solution more useful. This will lead to the opposite effect - a chemical burn or toxic poisoning of the plant.
You need to feed mandarin at home during the period of intensive growth (from March to September) 2 times a week. Maybe less often, but not more often.
Dry fertilizers, which are applied to the soil and gradually dissolve, giving the soil trace elements, must be applied even more carefully. Their advantage is that by making them in the spring you can forget about feeding for a long time. However, they can be quickly used by the plant, and it will be difficult to guess about it. The introduction of an additional dose of fertilizer will lead to the above overdose.
Mandarin cultivation also requires organic fertilizers. To do this, you can dilute infused cow dung in a ratio of 1/10. The best option would be to use organic fertilizer in combination with mineral fertilizers for ground dressing.

Additional care for mandarin at home

To form a lush tangerine tree, pinch the tops of its branches.
Caring for a tangerine at home also consists in removing dried leaves or stretched twigs.
On young flowering plants, flowers are partially removed so as not to deplete them and allow several fruits to ripen. For 15-20 leaves of an adult plant, one ovary can be left. The fewer fruits left on the tangerine, the larger they will be.
The fruit-bearing branches of indoor mandarin are tied, tied to a support, otherwise they may break due to the severity of the fruit, and the plant will not have an attractive appearance.

© "Site about plants"

Transplanting a mandarin at home seems like a daunting task for many. But you can’t do without it if you want to grow a full-fledged indoor tree. The mandarin is growing, and not only its crown is increasing, but also the root system. Therefore, from time to time it is necessary to transplant it without fail. Moreover, the flower pot should be picked up a little more than the one in which the tangerine grew before. Transplantation is an infrequently foreseen procedure. If we are talking about young trees, it is carried out once a year. When the tangerine tree reaches the age of seven, it is recommended to move it to another pot and change the substrate at the same time no more than once every two years.

Pay special attention right choice season and time suitable for land works. Experts recommend transplanting tangerines in early spring, when the home tree has just moved away from wintering and has not yet fully awakened. This must be done before the start of the flowering period. In no case do not disturb a flowering plant, otherwise there will be little use from its transplant. Knowing when and how to properly perform this kind of anti-aging procedure, you can achieve high results.

How to choose a pot

Many flower growers are worried about how to choose a new pot for planting a tangerine correctly. However, there is nothing complicated here. If we are talking about young seedlings, which you may be growing from seed, you can use small cups about 7-9 cm deep as the first flower containers. It is not necessary to save.

Some flower growers plant young tangerine trees in miniature flower pots from the first days. Decide for yourself whether it is advisable to spend money on such containers. For those who want to save money, small cups are the right solution. But only for the first time. In the future, the size of the flower pot will constantly increase, as the root system of the tree grows actively. Do not forget that the pots must certainly have drainage holes, no matter if you use plastic cups or ceramic flowerpots.

Soil and substrate

Transplanting a homemade mandarin begins with the choice of a nutrient substrate. This moment is very important for any grower, and you should not save here. The first thing you need to pay attention to is that the tangerine tree prefers slightly acidic soils. Among the varieties of substrates, it is best to choose a ready-made soil mixture, which can be purchased at the store. But if you don’t want to spend money on a store substrate, you can prepare the ground for a mandarin transplant with your own hands.

To do this, mix the following ingredients:

• 1 part of humus;
• 1 part of leaf land;
• 3 parts of sod land;
• 1 part coarse sand;
• a small amount of clay.

You need to worry not only about high quality soil, but also about the presence of drainage. To do this, lay a layer of broken brick or expanded clay on the bottom of the flower pot. Fill the pot by 3-4 cm. When all the preparatory points are settled, you can begin to transplant the tangerine tree. Seedlings are mainly transplanted by the transshipment method. The main thing is to prevent damage to the root system.

Another important point: the root neck should remain at the same level above the ground as in the previous container. Immediately after transplanting, the soil must be moistened. Thus, the top layer of soil is compacted. Wait about 30-40 minutes and then add to flower pot some more land. Water the transplanted plant thoroughly again.

Caring for a transplanted tree

Features of growing a particular tangerine tree depend on the description of the key characteristics of its varieties. Agree, there are many varieties of this plant today; recently, breeders have bred a large number of hybrids. Nevertheless, there are also basic points for caring for a tangerine tree:

• regularly try to moisten the soil. It should not be allowed to dry out, but it is not worth watering the tangerine too much;
• spray the leaves and stems of the plant;
• lighting should be continuous. In winter, some flower growers even organize the presence of lighting. But in summer it is recommended to protect the mandarin from the midday sun;
• in order for the seedlings of a houseplant to gradually harden and get used to the fresh air, they must be taken out into the street for a while. But choose a site protected from the winds.

When the tangerine blooms, finally, try to keep the room temperature at 10-12 degrees. Do not moisten the plant often, the soil during the flowering of the tree should dry out a little between waterings.

Special attention should be paid to spraying the tangerine tree. This must be done very carefully, since moisture should not fall on the mandarin flowers. What else is recommended to take care of the grower? Home tangerine always turns towards the sun. Therefore, in order for the flower to absorb sunlight evenly, try to turn the flowerpot every few weeks. But do not get carried away with this activity: it is often impossible to disturb the tangerine tree, as this does not have a very beneficial effect on the plant.

Video “Growing a mandarin from a bone”

This video shows how to grow a tangerine from a seed at home.

myorchidea.ru

Homemade tangerine is a citrusy evergreen that can be a real decoration for your home. However, in order for the plant to bring joy, you need to know all the nuances of caring for a tangerine and the rules for transplanting it.
You will need:

• - sod land;
• - leaf land;
• - humus;
• - sand;
• - drainage;
• - a larger pot
• - warm water.

With proper care at home, a tangerine tree can grow up to one meter in height, bloom and even bear fruit. But in order to get such results, it is necessary to care for the plant, which requires an annual transplant at a young age. To transplant a tangerine, first of all, you need to make sure that the soil is suitable for a citrus plant.
In order to get the right soil, take half the volume of a pot of soddy soil, and make up the other half from equal proportions of leafy soil, humus and sand. Mix the soil.
Prepare a new pot for your homemade tangerine. It should be several centimeters larger than the previous one, but you should not transplant a small tangerine into a large pot, as its root system may rot. Be sure to put drainage at the bottom of the new pot, it is necessary so that the water does not stagnate in the pot. You can use stones as drainage small size or expanded clay.
When everything is prepared for transplanting the tangerine, pour the indoor tangerine with warm water, the water should be 15-20 ° C. Give the plant time to soak in water, and after a few minutes carefully remove it from the old pot, making sure that the roots of the tangerine are not damaged. In no case do not shake off the old earth from the roots of the plant, otherwise the tangerine may not take root in a new place.
Take a new pot, fill it with prepared soil and stand the plant upright, then cover it with the remaining soil.

pour tangerine with warm water and leave. This completes the transplant of the tangerine tree. In order for the plant to take root better in a new place, be sure to monitor the climate of the room. Tangerines do not like heat and sudden changes in temperature, but they need high humidity. Domestic tangerines up to four years old must be replanted every year, in the future, the plant requires a periodic transplant every 3-4 years. In no case do not transplant a tangerine tree during its flowering period, it is best to transplant a plant in early spring, when it begins to wake up after wintering.
2-3 days before the direct transplant, stop feeding the plant, and after you have already transplanted the tangerine, do not use fertilizer for another two weeks. Comments 1 LiliyaLiliya wrote Is it possible to transplant a tangerine now in November if the roots have come out of the drainage hole?

Source

1agronom.ru

Preparation process

By buying a tangerine or growing it from a stone in an apartment, you will make sure that this culture is not too spoiled. If a person decides to grow a citrus tree at home, he should understand the intricacies of plant care.

How to understand that it's time to transplant a tangerine tree:

• the plant is transplanted annually in the first 6 years;
• citrus at the age of 7 years should be moved to another pot every 2 years;
• manipulations are carried out at the beginning of spring: tangerine trees are transplanted in March, at this time the tree has not fully awakened after winter, the juice is slowly moving along its branches and roots;
• a plant that has begun to bloom is not transplanted, otherwise the citrus will weaken and drop buds;
• an adult tangerine should not be disturbed at the beginning of autumn, especially when fruits appear on it: in autumn, only young trees that are less than 3 years old can be transplanted.

In order not to create unnecessary stress for the tree, the grower must make sure that it is time to "relocate" the tangerine. After watering, you should make a small dig and feel the condition of the roots. After making sure that the root system of the plant is tightly wrapped around the soil, get ready to transplant the citrus.

If the roots are loose and you see that they are not crowded in the soil, it is undesirable to move the tree to another pot. To add nutrients to the southern plant, you can change the topsoil, and let the pot remain the same.

Selecting a new capacity

When choosing a new mandarin pot, you need to consider important nuances:

• the root system of citrus trees grows rapidly, so cramped flowerpots are not the best choice for these plants;
• pick up a miniature flowerpot for a plant that was in a plastic cup for the first year of its life;
• pots made of ceramics or plastic are suitable for a citrus tree;
• drainage holes must be in the pot;
• in long narrow containers, tangerine trees do not grow well, there is a risk of root rot;
• the new flowerpot should be 3 cm larger in diameter than the previous container.

If you are using a container in which another flower has recently grown to transplant a citrus tree, it is worth sterilizing the flowerpot. After the pot is thoroughly washed, it is doused with boiling water. So you protect the mandarin roots from bacteria.

Give up the idea of ​​​​planting a tangerine next to a tree of a different kind. The experience of flower growers has shown that tangerine trees feel uncomfortable next to flowering ones. perennials(geranium, clivia). In one flowerpot, 2 mandarin seedlings can develop well, and the trees must be of the same age.

Soil mix requirements

In order for indoor tangerines to develop well, they need a suitable substrate. The plant loves light slightly acidic soil.

When choosing soil for your homemade citrus, give up on the idea of ​​buying something cheap. High-quality mixtures are more expensive in stores than their "average" counterparts.

After opening the package, carefully inspect the soil mixture. The grower should be alerted by the smell of mold emanating from the soil. The second sign indicating the low quality of the material is the presence of large seeds and plant roots in the ground. It is highly undesirable to transplant a tangerine tree into such a dubious substrate.

If the grower does not trust store mixes, he can prepare the soil for planting on his own.

You should take one part of humus (cow dung), one part of coarse river sand and the same amount of leafy soil. The main component of the mixture is turf land. It will need 3 parts. All components are mixed, then clay is added to the substrate in a small amount.

Transplant Features

Having made the soil mixture, the grower prepares high-quality drainage for planting the plant. What material is suitable for this purpose:

• expanded clay;
• broken brick.

The flowerpot is filled with drainage material by 3 cm. Soil is laid on top of it. How is a mandarin transplant carried out:

• the tree is transplanted by the transshipment method; do not strongly destroy the earthen lump taken out of the old pot;


• attention is paid to the root system of the tree: when transplanting a tangerine into a new flowerpot, make sure that its roots do not twist or wrinkle;
• the plant should not be immersed too deep into the ground, because the tree may rot; after transplanting "events", make sure that the root neck of your homemade citrus has remained at the same level above the soil as in the previous flowerpot;
• the position of the tree in the pot should be vertical;
• moisten the soil after the procedure, the top layer of soil will immediately compact;
• half an hour after watering, add a little soil mixture to the pot, water the transplanted tangerine again.

Caring for transplanted tangerines

Mandarin, placed in a new pot, needs careful care. The necessary conditions to adapt a citrus crop in a new container are as follows:

• regular moderate watering: tangerine does not tolerate drought, in the summer the plant should be watered daily;
• normal soil moisture: it is undesirable to waterlog the soil under a citrus tree, this rule is especially true in the autumn months;
• tangerine trees are watered with settled water: cold liquid is not suitable for watering citrus plants, it must be heated to room temperature;
• the first month after transplantation is the most difficult for the plant, at this time, without special need, do not move the pot with a green pet to another place, protect the tangerine from drafts;
• constant spraying of the leaves and stems of the tree is necessary;
• prolonged lighting is necessary so that the plants do not get sick: in the winter months, lighting should be organized for the southern plant with fitolamps; the duration of daylight hours for citrus plants should be 8-10 hours;
• in the summer season, citrus seedlings should be protected from the midday sun;
• hardened tangerine trees will take root better: in spring and summer, flowerpots with plants are taken out into the street for several hours. If you live in an apartment in a multi-storey building, you can take flowerpots with plants to the balcony. When hardening a tree, it is important not to allow the north wind to blow in its direction.

Other important nuances

There are cases when a recently transplanted tangerine slowed down growth, and the leaves on the tree began to turn yellow. This situation signals that the citrus did not fit temperature regime or the florist waters the plant illiterately.

Having figured out how to transplant a tangerine tree, you should remember the important nuances of caring for it:

• it is recommended to keep a flowerpot with a plant on the windowsill of a southeast window; in the southwest, tangerines also feel comfortable;
• choose morning for watering homemade citrus: in the winter months, tangerines are watered no more than 3 times a week, if liquid accumulates in the pan, you should reduce the number of waterings;
• consider age: the older the tree, the more it needs to be fertilized with fertilizers, use combined mineral fertilizers and cow dung slurry; the procedure is carried out in June, nutrients should be added under the trunk of the tree after watering;
• do not overmoisten the soil: during the flowering of tangerine trees, excessive moisture can harm them, the ground under the citrus trees should dry out a little;
• keep the humidity level high in the room where the tangerine grows. Spray plants preferably three times a day. On hot summer days, flower growers place basins of water near tangerine trees. This measure protects the plant from drying out. Maintaining high humidity in the room is important not only in summer, but also in winter. If the indoor tangerine is located next to the heater, you should purchase a humidifier.

Citrus trees always turn towards the sun. In order for sunlight to evenly fall on the plant, flower growers turn flowerpots with trees every 3-4 weeks. This rule does not apply to plants that have recently been transplanted. The first 5 weeks after transplantation, it is better not to disturb the tree.

In order for the tangerine to grow and begin to bear fruit in an apartment, you should observe the correct temperature regime. During the summer months, the room temperature should not exceed 25°C. When the mandarin blossoms, it is desirable that the air temperature be 10–13 ° C.

Conclusion

Novice flower growers are often interested in how to transplant a tangerine tree at home. The procedure for moving a tree to a new container is quite simple. To prevent the transplanted plant from rotting and dropping leaves, you should pay attention to caring for it. In the first month after transplanting, the tree is very vulnerable to drafts. The humidity level in the room where citruses grow should be high at any time of the year.

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Mandarin is an evergreen plant that belongs to the Rutov family. The specific Latin name of the mandarin is Citrus reticulate. Like orange, lemon, lime, grapefruit, it belongs to the genus Citrus. The life form of this plant is interesting - it can be a shrub and a tree, reaching a height of 5 meters.

Like other representatives of the genus Citrus, mandarin has long been grown in greenhouses, conservatories, and winter gardens. Despite its size, mandarin at home can be grown on a balcony or on a windowsill. Currently, breeders have bred many varieties of dwarf and undersized tangerines for home cultivation, the maximum height of which is 0.6-1.1 m. Indoor tangerine may not be a dwarf variety, then the plant needs to be severely cut and shaped.

Indoor mandarin is a very effective pot plant. And not only because of the bright, fragrant and appetizing orange fruits that can be stored on it for several months. Sometimes the plant gives pleasure only by its flowering, because the delicate white flowers of the mandarin exude an amazing aroma. In some varieties, flowering begins in spring and can continue throughout the year. Indoor mandarin, grown in the form of bonsai, is a real work of art.

The fruits of indoor mandarin are tied without artificial pollination, usually ripen at the end of the year. Often, indoor tangerine in a pot is bought in a store with fruits already hanging on it. Despite the fact that they are very appetizing, they should not be eaten. Indeed, to achieve such a high decorative effect, plants receive high doses of fertilizers. Leathery and corrugated leaves are beautiful in mandarin.

Popular mandarin varieties for growing at home

Unshiu- Japanese variety, the most unpretentious, begins to bear fruit for 3-4 years, grows up to 0.8-1.5 m in room conditions. It branches well. It blooms profusely in spring, forms fruits in late October-November. Pear-shaped fruits do not have seeds.
Kowano-Wase, Miha-Wase, Miyagawa-Wase- dwarf tangerines of the Vasya group - suitable for growing on a windowsill, height 40-80 cm. Orange-yellow fruits ripen for the first time in the second year of cultivation, abundant flowering. Like all dwarf varieties, they do not need crown formation.
Shiva Mikan- early compact fast-growing variety. Fruits are small, not more than 30 g
Murcot t - the fruits of this compact mandarin variety are very sweet, ripen in summer, taste very sweet, which is why the name of the variety is translated as "honey".
Clementine- a hybrid of mandarin and orange, bears fruit at home in the second year. One adult domestic tree per year produces up to 50 medium flattened orange-red fruits, very fragrant, with a shiny skin. Plants of this variety with numerous seeds are called monrealis.

Mandarin: home care

Tangerine lighting at home

The first step in successfully growing an indoor tangerine is choosing a location for the plant and lighting it properly.
Indoor mandarin, as well as grown in open ground, needs good lighting with some direct sunlight. In low light, the plant slows down growth, throws out a small number of flowers or does not bloom at all. With a strong lack of light, the leaves of indoor tangerine become faded, new shoots are elongated, thin and painful in appearance. Therefore, it is better to grow a plant on the eastern, southeastern and southern windows, shading from midday direct rays. In summer, the plant can be taken out to the balcony, gradually accustoming it to the street.
In winter, with a short daylight hours, indoor mandarin should be placed in the most lit place with direct sunlight. But sometimes this is not enough: you need artificial lighting. For this purpose, an ordinary fitolamp is suitable, which can be screwed into a chandelier or table lamp. It is necessary to transfer the plant to supplementary lighting gradually. With a sharp change in the length of daylight hours, it can shed its leaves.

Content temperature

The optimum temperature for indoor tangerine in the summer is + 20-25 ° C. During the period of budding and flowering, so that the flowers do not fall off, it is better to keep the plant at a temperature slightly below + 20 ° C. In winter, to ensure a relative dormant period, tangerines are kept at + 5 -10 ° C. A plant that has rested over the winter will flower and bear fruit better.

How to water and spray tangerine at home

Indoor mandarin, like its wild ancestors, is adapted to endure dry periods. In a pinch, the plant will shed its leaves to reduce the amount of liquid that evaporates. A common problem when growing mandarin at home is excessive watering, which leads to the development of fungal diseases.
The amount of water for watering indoor mandarin depends on several factors:
- the size of the plant;
- the size of the container in which the tangerine grows;
— ambient temperature;
- the duration of daylight hours and the intensity of illumination.
The larger the surface of the leaves of an indoor tangerine, the stronger the evaporation, and the more it needs to be watered. The temperature also affects the rate of evaporation: the higher it is, the more the plant loses moisture. The length of daylight directly affects the amount of moisture that evaporates. Stomata - formations on the underside of terrestrial plants that serve for gas exchange, open during daylight hours.
Watering indoor tangerine should be carried out in the morning, when the plant has activated its vital processes. When the temperature drops, watering is reduced, up to stopping for several days during the period when the temperature in the room is only + 12-15 ° C. In this case, the tangerine is watered with a small amount of water, only to maintain life.
Mandarin at home needs regular spraying of the leaves. Strongly dry air has a bad effect on the plant and is often a prerequisite for its infestation with spider mites. If indoor tangerine blooms, then you need to make sure that water does not fall on its flowers.

How to feed mandarin at home

A complete care for a mandarin at home is not possible without additional mineral and organic top dressing. The soil in a pot is quickly depleted and washed out during watering, and recreational processes practically do not occur in it, unlike the soil in nature.
For top dressing, you can use soluble or dry fertilizers. In the spring, with an increase in daylight hours, top dressing for indoor mandarin is increased. It is in the early spring period that vegetative and generative buds begin to develop intensively, at which time the plant requires additional nutrients.
At home, mandarin is fertilized, like all other indoor plants, that is, in the morning. The ambient temperature should be at least + 18-19 degrees.
Soluble fertilizers are often used for top dressing. They can water the plant, and in a weaker concentration spray its leaves. To feed an indoor tangerine, any complex mineral fertilizer containing phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium, the main elements needed by plants, is suitable.
Dissolve fertilizers in soft or settled water at room temperature. The main thing is not to increase the dose. If the instructions say: 1 cap of the product per 1 liter of water, do not think that 2 caps will make the solution more useful. This will lead to the opposite effect - a chemical burn or toxic poisoning of the plant.
You need to feed mandarin at home during the period of intensive growth (from March to September) 2 times a week. Maybe less often, but not more often.
Dry fertilizers, which are applied to the soil and gradually dissolve, giving the soil trace elements, must be applied even more carefully. Their advantage is that by making them in the spring you can forget about feeding for a long time. However, they can be quickly used by the plant, and it will be difficult to guess about it. The introduction of an additional dose of fertilizer will lead to the above overdose.
Mandarin cultivation also requires organic fertilizers. To do this, you can dilute infused cow dung in a ratio of 1/10. The best option would be to use organic fertilizer in combination with mineral fertilizers for ground dressing.

Additional care for mandarin at home

To form a lush tangerine tree, pinch the tops of its branches.
Caring for a tangerine at home also consists in removing dried leaves or stretched twigs.
On young flowering plants, flowers are partially removed so as not to deplete them and allow several fruits to ripen. For 15-20 leaves of an adult plant, one ovary can be left. The fewer fruits left on the tangerine, the larger they will be.
The fruit-bearing branches of indoor mandarin are tied, tied to a support, otherwise they may break due to the severity of the fruit, and the plant will not have an attractive appearance.

CALAMONDIN: HOME CARE. WHY THE LEAVES FALL. REPRODUCTION AND CUTTING

KUMQUAT. GROWING IN HOME CONDITIONS

Diseases and pests

Mandarin at home can be affected by scale insects, red spider mites and mealybugs. Spraying the plant with a soapy solution (2 tbsp. L) will help from the scale insect. liquid soap, you can "Fary", for 3 liters of water). It is better to pre-clean pests by hand. After keeping the solution on the leaves for half an hour, it is washed off with warm water. In case of damage by a spider mite, the pest is collected by hand, after the leaves and twigs are wiped with a cotton swab moistened with cold water or alcohol, then sprayed with a two-day infusion of garlic or onions (crush 200 g and pour warm boiled water). Against the mealybug, removing the pest with a cotton swab and 3 times spraying with infusion of garlic (1 time in 7 days), or rubbing with a cotton swab dipped in alcohol (can be replaced with calendula tincture) will also help. With persistent damage by any pest, potent chemicals are used, which are used according to the instructions.
With improper watering, mandarin leaves become stained and fall off. To prevent or eliminate the problem, follow the rules for watering citrus plants.

Mandarin transplant at home

Proper care of a mandarin at home involves a plant transplant. Usually, a transplant is carried out if the plant, in our case, indoor tangerine, is cramped in a pot. As a rule, young indoor tangerine plants are transplanted annually, plants older than 7 years - once every 2 years. For transplanting, use a special soil mixture for citrus fruits or make it yourself from soddy soil (50%) and leaf, humus and sand, taken in equal parts.
For transplanting indoor tangerine, choose a pot with diameters 5-8 cm larger than the previous one. You can not plant a small plant immediately in a large pot: this often leads to rotting of the roots. In addition, it is neither aesthetic nor practical.
Mandarin at home, as in nature, prefers a light substrate with low acidity. Drainage must be placed at the bottom of the transplant tank - this is the prevention of stagnant water and root rot. As a drainage, you can use: expanded clay, small stones, fragments of ceramic dishes, pieces of foam.
Transplantation of indoor mandarin can not be carried out during the flowering of the plant. It is better to do this in the spring at the beginning of the awakening of the plant from a relative dormant period.
You can not feed the plant 2-3 days before transplanting, and also use fertilizers within 12-14 days after transplanting.
After transplanting, indoor tangerine is lightly watered so that the soil settles down. After 30-40 minutes, if necessary, a substrate is added to the pot and watered again.

Video: propagation of indoor tangerine by cuttings, rooting

Reproduction of indoor tangerine

Mandarin at home can be propagated in two ways:
- vegetative (rooting of twigs);
- generative (growing from the stone).
For rooting cuttings, it is better to use a rooter - the percentage of survival will be 3-4 times higher. To do this, cuttings with 2-3 leaves are dipped in a rooter and planted in moist soil, covered with a film or a cut plastic bottle on top, be sure to leave ventilation holes in them. Cuttings take root within a few months.
Growing mandarin at home from the stone is the most long way reproduction, especially since some varieties almost do not form seeds. In addition, indoor tangerine grown in this way will need to be grafted, otherwise it will not bloom. For rootstock better fit indoor lemon or grapefruit, grown at home from a grain.
Since both methods of propagating indoor tangerine take too much time, more often amateur flower growers buy already grafted indoor tangerine in stores.

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Photos used:
photo 1-room mandarin (http://www.directgardening.com)
photo 2 - Unshiu mandarin flowers (KENPEI http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Citrus_unshiu2.jpg?uselang=ru)
photo 3 - indoor tangerine (http://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/fruits/calamondins/growing-calamondin-trees.htm)
photo 4 - indoor tangerine grown as a bonsai (http://www.naszecytrusy.pl)

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One of the most beautiful fruit trees suitable for growing at home is the ornamental mandarin. Despite the exclusivity and unusualness of the plant, it does not cause any particular difficulties in care. And gardeners will not have to rack their brains over the question of how to transplant a tangerine. Transplantation of this ornamental plant should be carried out annually until it reaches the age of four, and then once every three to four years. The new pot should be 2-3 centimeters larger than the previous one, but it is not recommended to use too large pots, because the soil can turn sour in them. When transplanting, do not cover the root neck with earth, this can lead to damage to the bark, infection and death of the tangerine tree. The soil should be light and nutritious, although universal soil for indoor flowering plants is also suitable, be sure to use drainage.

Very often, these plants are bought as a gift, and the happy owner involuntarily raises the question: how to care for a decorative mandarin? The process of caring for your favorite citrus tree begins with choosing the right location. Mandarin belongs to light-loving plants and with a lack of light, unscheduled leaf fall may begin, so in winter it will have to be highlighted, but in summer it should be protected from excessive overheating in the sun. The optimum temperature for citrus fruits is 18-20 degrees. It is recommended to water the tangerine tree abundantly in the warm season, but if it remains in a warm room in winter, watering should not be reduced. Especially important for the growth of the plant is the high humidity of the air, to maintain it, the tangerine will have to be constantly sprayed, wiped, and placed next to wet pebbles.

Subject to these simple rules of care, citrus will delight its owners beautiful flowers. How does a tangerine bloom? It blooms abundantly, and is observed in early spring and continues with proper care all year round, the flowers are small white. The tangerine tree begins to bear fruit at the age of two years, and the fruits can remain on the trees for several months. Very often people ask how to plant a tangerine? Is it possible to grow it from an ordinary small bone? Decorative mandarin can be grown in two ways: from seeds or cuttings. In order to grow it from a stone, the stone will need to be soaked for a day in water, and then planted in a pot. But the plant will begin to bear fruit at best in 7-8 years, and the fruits will be small and bitter. It is much easier to put a grafted cutting in a greenhouse for a month and grow a real house tree.

And how do tangerines grow in natural conditions? The tangerine tree is a small evergreen plant no more than 4 meters in height. It bears fruit once a year from November to January, about 500 fruits can be harvested from one tree. This is the most hardy and frost-resistant plant of all citrus fruits. It is grown in China - a sweet orange variety of tangerine; in the Mediterranean - sweet fruits without seeds of the clementine variety; in Japan - the frost-resistant Ushimu variety. Even though mandarin is southern fruit tree, not adapted to the cold weather of Russia, with proper care, everyone can become the happy owners of personal orange happiness in the form of a decorative homemade tangerine.

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When is a mandarin transplant needed?

A tangerine tree is transplanted in the spring, when the plant wakes up after winter and all its processes are activated. Because given plant develops very quickly, it is recommended to transplant a young tree once a year, while the new pot should be 2–3 cm larger than the previous one. And at the age of seven, when the flower is already considered an adult, a mandarin transplant is carried out every three years.

First, make sure that a transplant is necessary, for this, make a small dig and feel the condition of the roots. If the root system is tightly wrapped around the soil, then replant, and if the roots are loose, it would be better to change the topsoil and leave the pot the same. Do not forget that there will be no point in transplanting if the plant is blooming at this moment. It is better not to touch the tangerine tree at all in the flowering phase. Therefore, knowing how to properly and when to transplant a mandarin at home, you will achieve the most positive results.

Choosing a transplant pot

There is no reason to worry about choosing a new pot for planting a citrus tree. If your plant is on preparatory stage to cultivation, then a simple plastic cup may be suitable for him. But if you want an exquisite pot for the future plant, then any other miniature container up to 10 cm deep will do. But do not forget that the root system grows very quickly, and soon you will need another glass or flowerpot for proper transplanting indoor tree.

Required soil and substrate

Proper transplanting of a homemade tangerine tree begins with choosing the right substrate. This is one of the main points and it is not worth saving on it. Acquire ready soil better in a specialized store, pay attention that it is slightly acidic, without other impurities. The earth should be very airy and nutritious, retain moisture well and pass air. If you do not trust universal soils or just have a desire to prepare the substrate yourself, then the opportunity to prepare the right mixture always exists. For tangerine trees, the following components are suitable:

• turf and leaf soil in the same proportions;
• coarse river sand, which must be disinfected before use;
• humus;
• clay in very small quantities.

When transplanting a plant, do not forget about the need for drainage. At the bottom of the flowerpot, 3-5 centimeters thick, drainage is lined, expanded clay and small pebbles are ideal. The indoor tangerine will really like large stones at the bottom, which perfectly pass air and do not allow stagnant water. One little secret: the neck of an indoor tangerine tree, after you have transplanted it, should remain at the same level above the ground as in another pot.

After completing the process, immediately water the soil, it will settle a little, then add a little more soil and water the last time.

Rules for caring for a transplanted tree

One of the basic rules is that indoor tangerines need light! And the more it is, the better: the tree is gaining health and energy, and the fruits - juice. Place it in the house near the windows, and if it is the south side, then it is still desirable that the glass is covered by blinds or any other diffusing device. It will be bad for the leaves if they are in direct sunlight. In the warm season, you can put homemade tangerine flowers in the open air: balconies, loggias, Orchard but stick to sun protection rules.

In winter, it is a little troublesome with this plant, since the daylight hours for it should last at least eight hours. It will be necessary to highlight with phytolamps, otherwise the tree may get sick, and in rare cases die altogether. Therefore, this item must be taken with great responsibility.

As for the air temperature, the optimal value would be 20–25 degrees, if this figure drops, then do not wait for the fruits, they will ripen, but they will turn out to be hollow inside. In winter, it is recommended to remove the plant to a cool room - this is necessary so that it can rest before the important and active phase of flowering in the spring. Having gained a lot of strength, indoor citruses give much more fruits, and they are also juicier and sweeter.

Humidity should be high, so three times a day it is worth spraying the flower with clean water. In a hot period, it would be better to place a bucket or basin of water near the pot to prevent the air around the tangerine from drying out. In winter, it will generally be ideal to use a humidifier, especially if the flower is located next to heating appliances. And don't forget to ventilate the room: Fresh air favorably affects development, but do not allow drafts to appear - the indoor tangerine does not tolerate this, like any other home plant.

After you transplant a tree, be sure to water it, and then monitor the condition of the soil. It should always be kept moist, but not wet, to prevent rotting. Most often it turns out that in summer watering is done once a day, and in winter approximately 2-3 times a week. Pay attention to the pan - if water accumulates in it, then reduce the number of waterings.

Use purified and settled water for irrigation, tap water contains a lot of salts and impurities that linger in the soil and have a bad effect on appearance plants. When watering, try not to get on the trunk and leaves. Morning is considered the most successful time, since the tree, like all living things, wakes up, and some water starts all metabolic processes in the body.

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Where can I get indoor tangerine?

The simplest solution to the issue is to buy a seedling in a flower shop. Among the many tangerines presented, you can choose the one that best suits the conditions of a particular apartment and the requirements of the grower. You can buy dwarf varieties for growing on the windowsill, and large bushes for the winter garden, and variegated ornamental plants.

The size of fruits, their color and taste can also vary significantly. So, in the Keraji mandarin, numerous flattened fruits are small in size, when ripe they turn yellow and have a pleasant taste with a honey tint. The Pavlovsky variety will please the owner not only with large, rounded orange tangerines, but also with remontant properties: it bears fruit throughout the year.

Domestic variety Kartuli-Saadreo is considered dwarf. These bushes can be completely grown in a small city apartment. Numerous fruits ripen together, have a very pleasant taste, juicy sweet and sour pulp.

There are many other varieties that can be purchased at retail outlets. A tangerine tree from a store usually begins to bear fruit the very next year after purchase. These are grafted bushes, the care of which requires only timely transplantation, top dressing and watering. An inexperienced grower can also contain such a plant.

You can grow a decorative mandarin in a pot yourself. To do this, it is enough to sow seeds from ripe fruits, which many people buy for the New Year holidays. The disadvantage of this method is that indoor tangerine can bloom only 3-4 years after sowing. Some seedlings do not begin to bear fruit even after 10-12 years.

Soil for planting mandarin

When compiling a substrate for sowing or transplanting a mandarin, its age must be taken into account. A young plant needs a slightly different soil composition than what is suitable for an adult, fruiting tree. Best Option can become a purchased soil for roses or biohumus. These nutrient mixtures are quite permeable and fertile.

You can make a soil mixture to plant a tangerine tree in it yourself. For sowing seeds and young seedlings in the first 3 years of life, you need to take the following components:

• leafy earth - 1 part;
• soddy soil - 2 parts;
• fine river sand - 1 part;
• compost or humus - 1 part.

The resulting mixture must be poured into containers on a drainage layer of crushed stone or broken brick. Light soil allows the young plant to actively develop the root system. But for an older tree, a different soil composition will be required:

• leaf ground - 1 part;
• soddy soil - 3 parts;
• sand or ASG - 1 part;
• humus - 1 part;
• oily clay - 0.5 parts.

Such a composition involves obtaining a denser soil in which moisture is retained longer. This allows the plant to more fully utilize the nutrients needed to form buds and fruits.

Tangerines on the windowsill (video)

When to transplant tangerine?

It is important to remember that a growing tree up to 4 years of age needs frequent transplants. Planting a small seedling immediately into a large container is not very convenient, but the active growth of the root system does not allow keeping the plant in a small pot. You need to transplant indoor tangerine when the roots fill all the space inside the container. At the same time, the earth lump looks braided with a web of thin white threads - the roots of the plant.

When transplanting, you need to take a pot with a diameter of 10-15 cm larger than the one in which the tree grew before. Place 5-7 cm of drainage from crushed stone at the bottom, fill it with approximately the same layer of soil mixture for young plant. Carefully remove the tangerine tree from the container, put in a new container. The top level of the soil should remain at the same depth (2 cm below the edges of the pot). If necessary, the soil must be poured to the bottom of the new container, lifting the earthen clod. The tree trunk cannot be covered with new earth.

Having established an earthen ball with roots at the right level in the center of the container, fill the gap between it and the walls of the container with soil mixture. This should not leave any voids. The soil can be lightly crushed with your fingers, evenly filling all the free space. Pour the transplanted tangerine with warm, settled water.

Depending on the rate of growth, the next transshipment will take several months. It is important to correctly determine its need so that the plant does not have to starve. When the root system develops the entire volume of soil in the pot, new shoots also stop actively growing. Stopping mandarin growth may indicate the need for a transplant. In the warm season, the seedling usually begins to intensively increase its green mass. In the period from November to February, transplantation can be omitted, since indoor mandarin is at rest even in a warm room.

An adult mandarin needs a container with a capacity of about 50 liters for successful flowering and fruit formation. The tree will be able to fully master this volume of soil in about 3 years. After that, it needs to be transplanted into a larger pot or tub.

Other care requirements

How to care for a tangerine tree depends on success in getting fruits from it, and even their taste qualities. The main rule is to provide the plant with enough light, otherwise the fruits will turn out small and sour or bitter. A light-loving tangerine tree is best placed near the south window. Eastern or western window sills are also suitable. If in the summer the plant is taken out to the balcony, then it is necessary to foresee the possibility of shading it in the hottest daytime hours.

It is very difficult to maintain the necessary soil moisture in the heat in a small container: the mandarin at home will have to be watered daily, and sometimes several times a day. It is necessary to focus on the drying of the top layer of soil more than 2 cm in depth. Constant humidity is especially relevant for a flowering or ovary-forming bush. Mandarin flowers can fall off even with a slight overdrying of the plant. A lot of moisture is needed to pour the fruits, otherwise they will turn out dry and bitter.

Water consumption can only be reduced by spraying or increasing air humidity. Evaporation of water by leaves is significantly reduced if the air around the tree is saturated with moisture. But in the summer time outdoors it is very difficult to maintain the required level of water vapor. This is achievable only in greenhouse conditions. Therefore, it is recommended to spray the tree 2-3 times a day.

A large fruiting plant in a small container consumes nutrients very quickly. During the growing season, during flowering and the formation of ovaries, caring for tangerine trees includes fertilizing. Citrus fruits need to be fed every 2-3 weeks, during the next watering. For top dressing, it is better to use ready-made mixtures designed specifically for citrus fruits. A large selection of these funds is in flower shops. If it is impossible to buy a special fertilizer, you can use complex fertilizers diluted according to the instructions (nitroammophoska, Kemira-plus, etc.).

Reproduction of indoor tangerines

Citrus producers have long bred varieties of tangerines in which there are practically no seeds. This happened due to the fact that the flowers of the plant are capable of self-pollination. But if you are lucky enough to find a seed in the fruits bought on the market, then the indoor tangerine grown from it will repeat all the maternal qualities. The only difficulty will be to determine the type of plant.

With a high degree of probability, one can judge this by the country where the fruits were brought from. European, Turkish and American tangerines (tangerines, mineolls, clementines) are heat-loving plants. Chinese varieties (Changshi, Keraji, etc.) and Caucasian varieties are cold-resistant. Knowing the difference between them is necessary in order to get a fruit-bearing seedling under room conditions, otherwise even the most careful care of the tangerine will be ineffective.

Depending on the variety, indoor tangerines will need different conditions wintering:

1. Cold-resistant Chinese varieties require a dormant period. The temperature in the room where the plant will rest should not rise above + 5 ° C. The rest period should last from the end of November to the end of February. After that, you can gradually begin to increase the temperature, bringing it to +25 ° C by the beginning of April. Without such preparation, an adult plant will not bloom. A dormant period is also necessary for young trees, but in this case, you can not monitor the temperature so carefully. Plants up to 3 years of age can overwinter on the windowsill at a temperature of about +10°C. Watering in winter should be limited to 1-2 times a week, but do not allow the earthen clod to dry out.
2. European and American tangerines hibernate at temperatures not lower than +20°C. In early March, daylight hours should be increased to 10 hours with fluorescent lighting.

Another way to propagate mandarins is by grafting. This operation helps to obtain varieties designed specifically for indoor citrus growing, or to purchase a tree that you like (from friends, relatives, in the office, etc.). Propagation by cuttings is not used, since the cambium of tangerines is not capable of forming roots.

We grow tangerines at home (video)

How to plant a mandarin?

A 1-2 year old seedling of a lemon or orange is suitable for grafting. A pomelo is also considered a good stock. By the time of grafting, the tree should have a trunk as thick as an ordinary pencil, i.e., about 0.7 cm in diameter.

A green shoot for a scion can be asked from the owners of the plant that you want to propagate. If you managed to buy fruits with twigs on the market, then even they will do. It is important that the kidneys are not frozen and dry. You can check the suitability of such material by wrapping the cuttings in a damp cloth and polyethylene and leaving it in the refrigerator for 7-10 days. Live branches will remain green. They can also be used for vaccination. Blackened and moldy cuttings can be thrown away, they will not be useful.

Grafting method in a split

You will need a well-developed small branch with buds and leaves, taken from a cultivated, fruit-bearing tree. Its thickness should match the stem diameter of the rootstock-seedling. In this case, the vaccination is done like this:

1. Cut off the stem of the seedling at a height of 10-15 cm from the soil, where its thickness ideally matches the size of the cultivated shoot.
2. Make a cut, that is, split the cut trunk vertically to a depth of 2-2.5 cm.
3. With a sharp knife, remove some of the wood from the bottom of the grafted branch. The handle should take the form of a double-sided wedge 2-2.5 cm long.
4. Insert the wedge-shaped part into the cut, combining as carefully as possible the layers of bark and cambium on the rootstock and scion.
5. Wrap the injection site with polyethylene tape. You need to wrap it very tightly, pressing the grafted branch to the stem of the seedling.

It is very convenient to use FUM plumbing tape as a strapping. It does not allow moisture to pass through, which is very important for the successful fusion of the parts of the graft. The tape on the reel can be considered a sterile material, it is convenient to wind and stretch it for a tighter connection of the parts. During wrapping, you only need to ensure that the grafted branch does not move from its place.

How to do budding?

If the indoor tangerine is already large, and the shoot for the scion was very thin, then it is better to bud. For her, you also need to prepare a sharp knife and tape for winding. With this method, several seedlings can be grafted at once to increase the chances of obtaining a quality result. Oculation is carried out in the following order:

• remove the leaves from the scion shoot, leaving only the petioles;
• make a T-shaped incision on the bark of the rootstock at a height of about 10 cm from the soil;
• bend the corners of the bark with the tip of a knife;
• cut off a well-developed bud with a thin shield of bark and wood from a cutting (scion), holding it by the leaf petiole;
• insert the shield under the rootstock bark, between the bent corners;
• tightly bandage the budding with FUM tape, without covering the bud itself and without removing the petiole of the leaf.

The rest of the leaf serves as a kind of indicator that the vaccine has taken root. If it turns yellow and falls off, then the operation can be considered successful. On unsuccessful budding, the petiole will simply dry out.

The grafted plant in both described cases shows signs of growth after about 3-4 weeks. When this happens, the wrapping tape can be carefully removed so that it does not interfere with the flow of juice.

When grafting by budding, the seedling must be cut a few centimeters above the established bud. Soon it will start to grow, and the rest of the trunk will dry out. It can be gently removed down to living tissue.

Home care for grafted plants, in addition to the standard procedures for watering, fertilizing, etc., should include careful removal of shoots that will appear below the grafting site. It is the dormant buds that sprout on the stem of the seedling. They do not have the qualities that a citrus grower needs, most likely they will not bear fruit, but they take away nutrients from the shoot, which develops from a grafted cutting or bud.

Growing indoor citrus fruits is an exciting experience. It is not difficult to take care of indoor tangerine, while ornamental trees not only bear fragrant fruits, but also perfectly purify the air of carbon dioxide, phenol and formaldehyde vapors. Phytoncides and essential oils drastically reduce the number of pathogenic bacteria in the air. Numerous white flowers have a pleasant smell, and a fruit-bearing tree is considered a symbol of prosperity and well-being.

soil for lemon Soil for mandarin at home