Trees apple-tree pear varieties. Winter-hardy varieties of apple and pear trees that can be planted in autumn. Winter-hardy varieties of fruit trees: apple, pear, plum, cherry, sweet cherry. Early ripe apple and pear varieties

Apple varieties

Varieties of intensive type

These varieties are characterized by an early onset of fruiting, a rapid increase in yields, their abundance and regularity. In the full complex, all these properties are found only in some varieties, separately - in a large number. For example, while most varieties begin fruiting in the fourth or sixth year after planting and even later, some - Melba, Lobo, Welsey, Young naturalist, Orlik, Zhigulevskoe, Spartak, Papirovka's Daughter, Elite- begin to bear fruit in the first three years after planting. At the same time, it is important not only the early start of fruiting, but also the rapid increase in yields.

Varieties differ in the ability to regularly bear fruit. Some - regularly fruiting - produce crops annually, others - periodically fruiting, bear fruit in a year. Many varieties are characterized by an average frequency of fruiting: they alternate high yields with small ones, and in some years even a complete absence of fruits is possible. The frequency of fruiting in these varieties is usually associated with the conditions of their cultivation: with careful care, they bear fruit annually, with poor care - after a year. The main reason for the periodicity of fruiting is excessive yields. There is a "failure" in fruiting. That is why varieties with a fairly high, but at the same time regular fruiting, are especially valued, for example Zhigulevskoe, Northern Sinap, Kuibyshevskoe, Spartak, Papirovka's Daughter, Kutuzovets.

Since the frequency of fruiting is related to the size of the crop, it is clear that in young trees it manifests itself to a lesser extent, and with age, with increasing yields, it increases.

Evgeny Sedov, academician of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Orel: “I think that the future belongs to immune varieties. Extra 5-6 sprays can be eliminated. These varieties have quite high commercial and taste qualities.

Varieties immune to scab

Scab is a common disease of the apple tree and is truly the scourge of our gardens. It affects leaves, fruits, reduces tree yields, worsens their condition, winter hardiness. The infection in the garden is spread in the spring by spores of a fungus that hibernates in leaves that have fallen since autumn. Even cultivars such as Welsey and Cinnamon, previously resistant, have become vulnerable. The only way out is processing chemicals or new varieties that are immune to the disease, that is, they are not affected by the disease even in the rainiest summer. This advantage allows you to do without numerous spraying of the garden.

Here a brief description of new varieties.

VENIAMINOVSKOE

Winter, relatively winter-hardy variety. The trees are quite large, with a relatively rare crown. Medium-sized fruits (130 g), conical, wide-ribbed. The skin is smooth, oily, shiny. The cover color on most of the surface is in the form of a raspberry blush. The pulp is white, greenish, dense, juicy. Evaluation of the appearance and taste of fruits 4.4 points. Removable maturity mid-September. In storage or basement, the fruits can be stored until the end of February. The yield of a young tree is 15 kg.

KANDIL ORLOVSKY

The trees are medium-sized, with a rounded crown and drooping branches. Medium-sized fruits (137 g), oblong-conical, strongly ribbed, oblique. The integumentary color occupies half of the fruit in the form of a blurry raspberry blush. The pulp is white, greenish, tender, fine-grained, juicy, sweet and sour taste (4.4 points). Harvest in mid-September. The fruits can be stored until February. The variety is early-growing, productive (14 kg from a young tree) and quite winter-hardy.

KORNAKOVSKOE

The trees are medium-sized, with a pyramidal crown of medium density. Medium-sized fruits (125 g), oblong-conical, slightly ribbed, sloping at the top. The integumentary color occupies most of the surface of the fruit in the form of pink stripes. The pulp is creamy, dense, tender, fine-grained, juicy, good taste (4.3 points). The variety is early-growing and productive (15 kg from a young tree). Removable fruit maturity occurs in the second half of September. In storage, they can be stored until mid-February.

OREL POLESIE

Medium sized trees. The fruits are relatively large (170 g), oblong-conical, wide-ribbed. Integumentation on most of the surface in the form of stripes and specks of red. The pulp is white, creamy, dense, prickly, coarse-grained, very juicy ( appearance 4.4, taste 4.3 points). The variety is early-growing and productive (13 kg from a young tree).

SUN

Early winter variety. Trees are below medium size with a rounded crown. Winter hardy. The shoots are relatively thick, with close internodes. Fruits are above average size (160 g), oblong, wide-ribbed, oblique, with a short stalk. Integumentary coloration over the entire surface in the form of a bright solid blush of crimson color. The pulp is white, creamy, dense, fine-grained, very juicy (appearance 4.4, taste 4.3 points). Removable maturity occurs on September 15–20. The consumer period is from October 10 to the middle or end of January. The yield of young trees is 11 kg.

STROEVSKOE

Winter variety. Trees of medium size, fast growing, with a wide pyramidal crown of medium density. The variety is characterized by relatively high winter hardiness. The fruits are large or above average (150-170 g), conical, slightly ribbed, flattened. Cover color on most of the surface in the form of merging stripes and a blurred crimson blush. The pulp is white, greenish, dense, coarse-grained, juicy (appearance 4.5, taste 4.4 points). Removable fruit ripeness - mid-September. They can persist until mid-February. Productive variety (13 kg from young trees).

START

Winter variety. The trees are medium-sized, with a rounded crown, quite winter-hardy. Shoots are thin, straight. The fruits are harvested on September 15–20. The consumer period lasts from mid-October to mid- or late February. The yield of young trees is 17 kg.

Varieties with high resistance to scab

In addition to immune varieties, varieties with high resistance to scab (slightly affected by it in unfavorable years) have become widespread. These varieties include: Veteran, Venyaminovskoye, Imrus, Kandil Orlovsky, Orlovim, Orlovsky pioneer, Orlik, Orlovsky striped, Sinap Orlovsky, Zoryanka, Orlinka, Early scarlet.

Orlovim

Summer ripe variety. High-yielding - up to 25 t / ha. The fruits are large, one-dimensional. Integumentary coloration - in the form of bright red stripes and a blurry blush. Fruit pulp is creamy, very juicy, sweet and sour, with a strong aroma, taste - 4.5 points.

OREL PIONEER

Autumn maturity. High-yielding - 18.4 t / ha. The fruits are large (150 g), strongly flattened (ribbed). The main color at the time of removal is greenish, the cover color is in the form of a blurred blush and red stripes, the taste of the fruit is 4.2 points.

IMRUS(immune Russian)

Winter maturity. High-yielding -16.7 t/ha. The fruits are above average size (120–130 g), conical, slightly ribbed. Cover color in the form of stripes, strokes and a blurred blush of brownish-red color at the time of picking the fruit, raspberry color - during consumption, taste - 4.3 points. The fruits are stored until the end of February - mid-March.

BOLOTOVSKOE

Variety of winter ripening. The fruits are large (150–180 g), flattened, broadly ribbed. Cover color on the smaller part of the fruit in the form of a red blush, consisting of stripes and specks. The pulp is greenish, dense, juicy, fruit taste - 4.3 points. The fruits are stored until the middle and end of February.

Varieties of long-term storage

Now the number of varieties with long-term storage of fruits has increased significantly. Among them are Lobo, Orlik, Welsey their fruits are stored until February. Northern Sinap, Sinap Orlovsky, Spartan, Bogatyr, Kutuzovets, Late Sweet, Renet Chernenko, King's Seedling retain their qualities until April and later. But almost all of these varieties do not have high winter hardiness.

WELSI

The fruits are quite large, weighing 160 g, symmetrical, orange-yellow, almost completely covered with a strong blurred blush. The pulp is very juicy, sweet and sour, with a rose aroma, very good taste. The best pollinator is Melba.

summer varieties

Apples of summer varieties are almost never stored and are not transportable. Therefore, they are recommended to be removed a little earlier than they ripen. Many varieties are characterized by non-simultaneous ripening of fruits on a tree, but for a family garden this is even good, since apples can be used longer, selectively removing them as they ripen. There are few summer varieties.

Opening the apple season Quinty, Early Red, July Chernenko, Red Arcade, Candy, in about a week Papier's daughter and even later Lungwort, Mantet, Melba. Showed themselves well Sunshine, Carol, Early Scarlet, but they still need to be watched.

WHITE FILLING

This variety does not need a special introduction. Its name is widely known to the widest range of people, even those not connected with gardening. The fruits are large 100-120 g, round-conical. When fully ripe, the color is whitish-yellow. The pulp is light yellow, juicy, fine-grained, melting, pleasant wine sweet and sour taste. Productivity up to 170 kg per tree.

MELBA

Fruits weighing from 120 to 200 g, yellow at full maturity, with a bright, delicate, pink-red blush. The flesh is snow-white, pink under the skin, deliciously tender, juicy, fine-grained, excellent taste. The best tasting summer variety, ripens at the very end of August, is stored for two months. The best pollinator is Welsey.

SUMMER STRIPED

The tree is very beautiful, with a rare pyramidal crown, good winter hardiness, productive. The special value of the variety is in the very early ripening of the fruits, they begin to ripen already at the end of July. The apples of the Summer Striped, weighing up to 100 g, are beautiful, marketable, ovoid-elongated, greenish-white, with a red blush. The pulp of the fruit is tender, white, loose, fine-grained, juicy, with a good sweet and sour taste.

PAPIRING

An excellent summer variety of folk selection. It is very close to the White filling variety, with which it is often confused. Papirovka differs from White filling in larger fruits and a pronounced seam. The winter hardiness of the variety is high. Papirovka is one of the most unpretentious varieties, and feels good even in adverse soil conditions. The yield per tree is 225–350 kg. The variety is self-fertile, the best pollinator is Welsey.

AUTUMN STRIPED

It has another name - Shtreifling. One of the most popular autumn varieties. Mature trees of the Autumn striped are very beautiful, have a stocky, strong trunk, powerful branches, with drooping ends. Fruits of medium size or large (120–140 g). Throughout the fruit, bright red stripes harmoniously alternate with bright yellow stripes. The pulp is melting, loose, juicy, excellent dessert taste with a hint of raspberry. The best pollinators are Antonovka and Papirovka.

This text is an introductory piece. From the author's book

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Grushovka is a frequent visitor to dachas and village apple orchards. This is one of the oldest varieties of apple trees in Russia, which began to be grown more than two hundred years ago. Today, Grushovka is hardly used in commercial horticulture, but it is still honored by amateur gardeners today for its frost resistance, high yield and beneficial features fruits.

Description of the variety: an apple from an apple tree ...

Pear Trees large sizes, have a dense volumetric crown of a pyramidal or rounded shape. The average height of a tree is 6–7 m, the diameter of the crown is on average 8 m. The apple tree has a dense leafy cover.

The Grushovka tree has a dense volumetric crown of a pyramidal or rounded shape.

Apple trees of this variety usually live 50-60 years, and begin to bear fruit early - most often in the fourth year after planting. Harvest volumes can also surprise: in the first few years, up to 10 kg of apples can be obtained from one tree, and if it is more than 15 years old, then all 80 – 100 kg.

From one tree aged 15 years or more, you can get up to 100 kg of apples

The fruits of Grushovka are small, often even considered small (the maximum weight of the fruit is 100–120 g, the average is 60–80 g). They are round, slightly flattened, and greenish-yellow in color with pink or red stripes. The skin is thin, smooth, covered with a layer of natural wax.

Their flesh is soft, juicy, with a bright and pleasant aroma. When fully ripe, apples taste sweet, with a pleasant sourness that is barely felt. The calorie content of the fruit is at a fairly low level and is 47 kcal for every 100 g.

Pear pulp is soft, juicy, with a pleasant aroma

Comparative characteristics of Grushovka species: Moscow, early and winter

Often, when reading information about Grushovka, you can stumble upon new names - Grushovka Moscow, Grushovka early, winter. And not everyone knows what each of them means. Apple Grushovka and Moscow Grushovka are the same plant, the founder of this genus.

The average weight of an apple Pear is 60-80 g

But the apple trees Grushovka early and Grushovka winter are the result of crossing with another variety. Early apple trees appeared as a result of pollination of the Grushovka tree by Moscow Papirovka. Early pear is considered by experts to be the most successful variety. The fruits of this variety are twice as large as those of the progenitor. The yield reaches up to 200 kg per tree. The variety is resistant to scab, has good winter hardiness, but the fruits do not ripen at the same time, and most often bear fruit not regularly, but after a year. Therefore, early Grushovka is used only in amateur gardening and is common in most areas of the European part of Russia.

Grushovka early - the result of pollination of the Moscow Grushovka tree by the Papirovka variety

The winter version of the variety is the result of crossing Grushovka Moscow with the variety Kronselskoye Transparent. Grushovka Zimnyaya differs from Moscow in larger fruits. The variety is very productive - at least 100 kg of fruits are harvested from the tree. And yet, this variety has not received wide distribution, since its winter hardiness is rather low, and the disease resistance of apple trees is also low. You can meet them in Central Russia, Ukraine, Belarus.

Grushovka winter - the result of crossing the Moscow Grushovka with the variety Kronselskoye transparent

How is it different from other varieties

Advantages

1. High frost resistance. Pear is considered one of the most cold-resistant varieties. Trees without serious consequences endure frosts below 50 degrees Celsius and survive even the coldest and least snowy winters. That is why the variety is so common in Russia and neighboring countries (Ukraine, Belarus) - it is grown in almost any climatic conditions.
2. Early fruiting and rapid fruit ripening. Under normal conditions, Grushovka begins to bear fruit in mid-late summer, in July or August, starting from 4–6 years after planting.
3. High yield and useful properties of apples. As mentioned earlier, the yield from one adult Grushovka tree reaches 100 kg, which is an excellent indicator for a variety obtained naturally. Grushovka apples are rich in vitamin C, pectins and B vitamins, contain a large amount of ascorbic acid and P-active substances that have a beneficial effect on the body's activities. In addition, Grushovka has a low calorie content, so the fruits can be consumed during weight loss.

Flaws

1. High susceptibility to disease and strong susceptibility to bad weather conditions. The Grushovka apple tree is one of those trees that are most often subject to scab, especially during the rainy season. Also, Grushovka reacts very badly to hot and dry weather - without proper care, a tree can lose fruit.
2. Unstable and uneven fruiting. One of the main reasons why Pear is not used in commercial horticulture is precisely this. Even on one tree (not to mention the whole planting), the fruits may not ripen at the same time, and some will crumble even before harvest, while the other will remain unripe. There is also another problem with this variety - Grushovka apple trees do not bear fruit every season.
3. Short shelf life, unsuitable for long-term transportation. This can be called the second reason for the commercial unprofitability of the variety. The fruits of Grushovka are perishable, and due to their size they are not the best presentation.

Landing features

Grushovka is most common in the central part of Russia, but due to its resistance to low temperatures and early fruiting, it is often grown in colder regions. The most suitable soil for this variety is loamy, sandy loam or sod. Let's move on to the description of the landing.

A pear tree is an unpretentious tree, so the rules for planting and caring for it are not much different from others. fruit trees. You should not choose a wet area for planting where water stagnates, or a place in the shade, where, due to lack of lighting, apples can grow small and unsweetened.

Planting seedlings in the ground is carried out approximately in late April - early May or early autumn (September - October).

Pits for seedlings should be with steep slopes, 100 cm wide and 60 cm deep. Fertilizers are placed in the pit 4 days before planting. 25 kg of humus are added to each prepared pit. A recess is made in the dug hole so that the roots of the tree can be placed in it.

It is recommended to plant with stakes for tying seedlings. This will give them stability at the beginning of growth. The stake is driven in before planting, placing it on the north side of the trunk to protect the seedling from frost and sun.

Landing should be deep, with earthen rollers along the boundaries of the pit. Immediately after planting, 30 liters of water are poured into the recess. After soaking up water, the wells are mulched with humus or compost.

Pollinators

Variety Grushovka is self-infertile, i.e., pollination with pollen from another variety is required for fruit set. Good pollinators are such varieties as Antonovka, Papirovka, Anis Striped, Cinnamon, Bellefleur-Chinese. Cross-pollination requires 3-4 varieties.

Pollination in the orchard occurs with the help of bees. This means that the seedlings should be arranged so that the bees can easily transfer pollen from one apple tree to another. The optimal distance at which this condition is met is no more than 60 m.

Photo gallery: suitable apple neighbors for Grushovka

Apples of the Bellefleur-Chinese variety apples of the Cinnamon variety apples of the Papirovka variety apples of the Antonovka variety
apple varieties Anis Striped

Care Secrets

In order for the tree to develop intensively, cut off 85% of the flowers after the first flowering. Also cut off 50% of the fruit while still in the green stage. So you can further normalize the harvest. The remaining apples will grow larger and sweeter.

The pear tree does not tolerate drought, so water it regularly - for good growth and development, the tree needs about 2-3 waterings per week. It is necessary to completely stop watering only in mid-late August, so that the tree stops growing and directs all its forces to prepare for wintering.

They begin to feed the tree only from the second year - in the first season it is enough just to loosen it and water it regularly.

In early spring, to feed apple trees, rotted horse manure or humus is introduced into the soil in a proportion of 8–12 kg per 1 sq. m. For mineral top dressing use 400-600 g of urea.

In autumn, trees are fed with various complex fertilizers without nitrogen content or those in which it is not more than 5%, for example, Kemira Autumn. Enough 30-40 g per 1 square. m. The granules are not dissolved in water, but in dry form they are scattered around the trees, after which they dig up the soil.

The trunk circle of an apple tree needs to be constantly loosened, weeds removed.

In autumn, to improve the winter hardiness of the tree, you can mulch with horse humus (a layer 5 cm thick).

The first pruning of the Grushovka tree is done a year after planting for alignment and proper trunk formation. To do this, the upper branches are cut off by about a third, and the main trunk is shortened by 30-40 cm. Subsequent trimmings are made as needed.

In late autumn, to protect apple trees from lichen and moss, as well as to destroy pests and spores of pathogens wintering in the bark, it is recommended to whitewash the trees.

Before whitewashing trees, all cracks and wounds are carefully covered with garden pitch.

For whitewashing, prepare the following solution: 6 liters of water per 2 kg of quicklime and 1 kg of oily clay. Everything is thoroughly mixed and skimmed milk is added there so that the mixture sticks well to the bark of the trees. Whitewashing is carried out in November, when the autumn showers end. It is necessary to whiten not only the trunk, but also the forks, the bases of large branches.

You need to whitewash the trunk from the ground to the forks, including the bases of large branches

Grushovka is not covered for the winter - it is a frost-resistant variety. But you need protection from rodents. For this purpose, ordinary nylon tights, plastic bottles, black plastic bags, spruce branches are suitable.

At plastic bottles the neck and bottom are cut off. Then the bottles need to be cut lengthwise. They are imposed on the trunk, on top of each other in a tier and tightly tied. In the places where the trunk transitions to the skeletal branches in the bottles, the necessary cut is made.

You can also use spruce branches to cover the trunks, tying it to the trunk with the needles down. Young landings are recommended to be completely wrapped in pantyhose.

Another very simple way to scare away hares in winter is to tie black plastic bags to the branches of apple trees by the handles. The black color on the snow is visible far away, and in the cold, even with a light wind, they will develop and rustle, scaring away the eared ones.

In early spring, as soon as the snow melts, you need to remove everything that protected the apple trees. If this is not done on time, the trunk will begin to overheat, and the buds, if the tree was completely wrapped, will bloom prematurely.

Possible pests and diseases

Scab is one of the main problems of all gardeners growing fruit trees. This is a fungal disease that affects not only the shoots and leaves of the tree, but also spoils the fruits (they can turn black, crack, stain or deform). Pear is especially susceptible to this disease. To avoid damage to the garden by scab, it is recommended to get rid of old foliage and carrion every autumn, dig a hole and carefully treat all wounds of the tree with special means, for example, garden pitch.

Garden pitch can be purchased at a specialized store or prepared independently. To do this, you need only 400 g of wood resin and 2 tbsp. l. linseed oil. The ingredients are thoroughly mixed. In this semi-liquid form, the mixture is well stored and can be used in any weather.

Garden var can be purchased ready-made or prepared independently.

If the scab has already attacked the trees, treat them with Bordeaux liquid (1-3% solution). Bordeaux liquid is prepared by mixing the solution blue vitriol and notify. The prepared liquid is best used on the same day. It can be stored for a day, but for this, 5 g of sugar must be added to 10 liters of the mixture.

To prepare a one percent Bordeaux liquid for 10 liters of water, you need 100 g of copper sulfate and 120 g of quicklime. Copper powder is dissolved in 1 l hot water. Dishes should be enameled, earthenware or glass. Gradually, another 5 liters are poured into this mixture. cold water. In a separate bowl, lime is quenched with 1 liter of hot water. Then another 5 liters of cold water is poured into the solution. The prepared solutions must be filtered through a dense gauze. The procedure for mixing liquids occurs by pouring copper sulphate into lime mortar. The mixture must be thoroughly mixed. Adding water to an already prepared liquid is strictly prohibited. Trees are treated on both sides.

Trees are usually sprayed during bud break, and again - immediately after flowering.

Apple trees are sprayed during bud break, as well as immediately after flowering.

You can also get rid of scab with the help of special preparations. The most effective of them are considered "Strobe" and "Skor". Trees are treated with the Strobi preparation in early spring, as well as Bordeaux liquid, and "Skor" is used for repeated preventive spraying in the fall. In both cases, 1 ampoule of fungicide (2 ml) is diluted in 10 liters of water.

Strobi fungicide trees are treated in early spring

Harvest and storage

The fruits of Moscow Grushovka and Early Grushovka fully ripen from July to August, and Winter Grushovka - in September-October.

The storage of the fruits of the Moscow Grushovka is short (no more than 2 weeks), moreover, during transportation, they may lose their presentation.

Early pear apples can be stored for several months. The fruits of winter pear are lighter, they can lie until spring. They are usually stored in the basement at zero temperature.

Most of all, Grushovka apples are suitable for processing into juices, fruit wine, jams, baby food, jam and dried fruits. And of course, they are very useful fresh.

Delicious and fragrant apple jam from Grushovka will turn out

Video: harvest Grushovka Moscow

Pear is not in vain popular with gardeners. It has a high yield, rapid growth and fruiting, and apples of this variety contain many vitamins. In addition, Grushovka is frost-resistant, which makes it possible to grow apple trees in many regions of Russia and even neighboring countries. With the necessary care for 3-4 years, you will grow a strong and healthy tree, and then you can enjoy its beauty and fruits for many years to come.

Varieties of pears, as you know, are divided into winter, autumn and summer. Each category differs not only in terms of ripening, taste, but also the shelf life of fruits. So, which varieties can be attributed to winter, and which ripen in summer, see the description below.

August dew

The undisputed favorite among summer pear varieties is the result of crossing Tenderness and Triumph Pakgama varieties. The tree is quite low, does not even reach 10 m in height., bark gray color, smooth, the kidneys quickly "wake up" after the winter. The branches are spreading, slightly drooping, curved. The leaves are oblong, medium in size, dark green in color. Fruits of medium size, ripen in mid-summer. The taste is quite sweet, juicy, with white flesh and tender skin.

Unfortunately, not suitable for long-term storage, the pear quickly turns brown and disappears. It is resistant to diseases and pests, easily tolerates winters, bears fruit every year, increasing the number of fruits. The disadvantage of this variety is that it constantly needs to trim the crown, because of this, the fruits become smaller.

Bere Giffard

The same applies to summer varieties of pears. Distinguished from other varieties by their "ruddy" fruits, red-orange tones on one side of the pear, and light green hues on the other side. Formed on a branch in bunches, from 2 to 6 pieces and keep it that way until fully ripe. Due to the high yield, additional props are often required, otherwise the branches may break under the weight of the fruit.

The fruits are tender, have a sweet taste, juicy, with white flesh. The tree reaches a height of more than 10 m, a rare crown, branches are slightly drooping and thin. Crown Brown, peel off. The leaf plate is dark green in color, oblong in shape, with smooth edges. The variety does not tolerate harsh winters therefore, young seedlings require shelter. Fruits are badly stored in a plucked form, no more than a week.

Victoria

Winter-hardy pear variety Victoria

This variety is distinguished by its winter hardiness, is not afraid of drought and is rarely exposed to diseases and pests. Appeared as a result of crossing varieties Bere Bosk and Tolstobezhka. Tree of medium height, 8-10 m, with a dense crown, has a pyramidal shape of the trunk, the branches are long and thin. The variety is characterized by late vegetation, flowering. The yield is high, more than 150 kg of harvest is collected per year from an adult tree.

The pear begins to ripen in the second half of August, reaching its peak of maturity only by mid-September. Fruits have the correct pear-shaped form, with a smooth and thin skin. The pear tastes sweet, with juicy pulp, has a pleasant aroma. It is good to make jams from this variety. But the pear is stored for a short time, in a plucked form it does not deteriorate for about 3 days, it can hang on a tree for no more than a week, then it falls off.

Victoria is only half pollinated. To increase productivity, it is recommended to plant it next to varieties such as Bere Dumont, red.

Duchess

The name of the variety translates as Duchess, was bred by an English breeder in Wheeler. The tree is low, 6-7 m, with a dense crown, sprawling branches, thin. Crown tree light brown, smooth.

The fruits begin to ripen in mid-August, the fruits are bright yellow. On average, one pear can weigh more than 150 g, located on the branches singly or in groups of 4-6 pears. Stored up to 40 days on a tree and no more than 2 weeks when plucked. To taste, the fruits are juicy, sweet, with a thin skin and a delicate aroma. On the palate there are light notes of nutmeg and spices. The variety is frost-resistant, not afraid of cold weather. It is also not affected by scab, but the sucker and aphids are found on the tree very often.

How to determine that summer pear varieties can be removed from a tree? Firstly, if fallen fruits have already begun to appear on the ground, then the harvest is ready. Secondly, can be determined by the color of the fruit, ripened fruits acquire yellowish hues. Thirdly, if the pear has become soft to the touch, then it can be safely removed from the tree.

Severyanka

Bred by breeders for the northern regions, hence the name. Medium-sized variety, tree height from 3 to 6 m, with a dense crown and a pyramidal trunk shape. Young seedlings easily tolerate planting and quickly begin to grow, but the tree begins to bear fruit in 4-5 years. The leaves of the tree are light green in color, pointed in shape, with smooth edges. Blooms in early spring, has more than 6 petals in an inflorescence /

A variety with a high yield, the fruits are strewn with branches, every year the harvest becomes larger, just as the tree bears fruit every year. Large pear, up to 200 grams each fruit, they are formed into small brushes of 4-6 pears. At the beginning of ripening they have green tones, and then they acquire yellowish-orange hues. The skin of the fruit is not dense, it is quite rough. The taste is not inferior to other varieties, sweet, with juicy pulp, has a sour-tart taste and a light aroma. But there are few seeds in a pear, they are located in special chambers in the core of the fruit. It tolerates winters, diseases and pests quite well, does not need special care.

Cathedral

The same applies to summer, early-growing varieties. It was bred by crossing varieties and Duchess Hip. It mainly grows in the Central regions, but due to its resistance to frost, it grows easily in the regions of the North. The tree is medium-sized, from 4 m in height and above, with a wide and dense crown, the branches look up. The trunk is smooth, brown-gray. Young shoots are slightly drooping, reddish-brown in color, fruiting occurs on them. The leaves are green tones, smooth, medium in size.

Fruiting begins from the 6th year, by weight the pear can exceed 130 grams. Ripening occurs in mid-August, the fruits remain on the tree for no more than 2 weeks, even less when plucked. Fruits of lemon color, with many inclusions, change their shades closer from autumn to red-orange, which indicates the full ripening of the fruit. The skin is thin, the flesh is cream-colored or white, sweet with a pleasant aroma, medium density. In the middle of the fruit are brown seeds, elongated.

Summer pear varieties ripen by the middle of summer, it is important to remember about their proper care. Summer pears love moisture in spring and especially during fruit formation. In order for the harvest to be faster, the tree needs annual pruning and top dressing.

Winter

Saratovka

Obtained as a result of crossing Bere and Bergamot varieties. They worked on a new variety in the Saratov State Agrarian University. Vavilov. Refers to winter, plucked fruits, under the right conditions, can be stored until February!

Saratovka medium-sized variety, the branches look straight up, the tree is more than 10 m high. The crown is dense, the trunk is brown-gray. Young leaves are light green in color, oval in shape, with smooth edges. By autumn, they turn into dark green tones. The disadvantage is the dense crown, which needs proper pruning every year, otherwise, the tree reduces the amount of yield, gives more strength to the formation of young shoots.

The yield is high, but the tree begins to bear fruit only for the 5th year. The fruits are sweet, firm, thick-skinned, lemon-colored, with a red-orange blush. Begins to ripen from mid-August, remains on the tree for a long time, until the end of September. The variety is winter-hardy, rarely exposed to diseases and pests., also tolerates long-term transportation, does not lose taste and external qualities.

Kondratievka

Variety of winter pear, fruit ripening occurs in early and mid-September. High yields start from 5 years after planting. Gives a bountiful harvest every year, the tree does not need rest. The mass of one pear reaches up to 230 grams. Fruits are sweet, juicy, with tender pulp and spicy aroma. They have a regular pear-shaped shape, attached to a thick curved stem. Possess in green when ripe, slightly yellowish tones.

The tree itself is quite tall, 10-12 m in height, with a pyramidal trunk and slightly drooping branches. The variety differs from others in its slow growth, it mainly grows green mass. But then it gives a large number of fruits. Handles severe cold quite easily, tolerant to various diseases and pests.

Pass-Krasan

The same applies to winter varieties of pears. Unlike other varieties that do not need special conditions, this hybrid requires increased attention. Prefers to grow only in sunny places, does not tolerate close proximity to other seedlings. From lack sunlight, its fruits become sour and do not reach the right sizes . It also likes moisture and well-fertilized soil. Extremely cold tolerant and prone to many diseases.

But under all conditions, it gives large, juicy fruits with a slight sour taste. It bears fruit annually, does not require rest, but you should not expect a large amount of harvest from this variety. The mass of one pear can reach more than 200 grams, large pears are light green in color. The best time to harvest is mid or late October., by this time the fruits reach the optimal size and retain their taste. The advantage is the ability of the fruit to last until next spring.

In order for the variety to begin to bear fruit earlier, it is better to plant young seedlings on quince.

Pervomaiskaya

The result of crossing pear Daughter of the Dawn and Late. This variety differs from others in the duration of storage of fruits in a plucked form, up to 250 days! The pear is not exacting to leaving, it is frost-resistant. Rarely sick, many pests do not care for her. The height of the tree is more than 10 m, with a spreading crown. Young shoots are rather thin, gray-brown shades, smooth. The leaves are round in shape, with smooth edges, slightly curved upwards.

The average fruit weight is from 140 grams, have the correct form, smooth and thin skin. During the summer, the fruits are green, closer to autumn they acquire brown-red tones. Attached to the branches with a strong stem, form a brush of 4-6 fruits. Sweet in taste, with a pleasant aroma, slightly tart, with white flesh, has an attractive appearance and taste. The variety has a high yield, but fruiting begins at 5-6 years.

Lyra

A winter variety with a high fruit storage capacity, up to several months. A tree with a wide pyramidal shape of the trunk, light brown in color. Branches of medium thickness, most often gray, smooth. The leaves are elongated, smooth, dark green.

Pear weight more than 200 grams, fruits of greenish tones acquire a yellowish tint. They have an elongated fruit shape, with a smooth and thin skin. Harvesting can start from September. The taste of the pear is sweet, with white juicy pulp. Productivity is high, the tree does not need breaks, but the harvest begins to appear only 4-5 years after planting. Resistant to diseases and pests, but has an average winter hardiness. Especially young seedlings need additional shelter for the winter.

Patriotic

Winter variety of pear Patriotic

The result of the joint work of O.S. Kharchenko, A.V. Krasovsky and A.F. Mileshko. It blooms in late spring, white rounded flowers with a slight aroma. The tree itself is tall, more than 10 m, with a spreading crown, straight branches. The trunk is brown, smooth, regular shape.

The fruits are large, light green, more yellow when fully ripe. Fruit weight up to 180 grams, has an attractive view for sale, also protects the view during long-term transportation. It is recommended to harvest from the tree in early October, the fruits can be stored for several months in a cool place. Gives a crop regularly, the tree rarely gets sick and is almost not damaged by insects. It is also frost-resistant and does not need special care, endures scab and thermal leaf burns. Ripe fruits are stored for several months.

In order for pear fruits to be stored longer, it is important for them to provide the necessary conditions. Fruit must not be damaged or dented at harvest. Also, the pear should be dry and wrapped in newspaper or paper. It is better to store in small boxes, in 2-3 rows. The room should not be damp, too hot and humid. Optimum temperature storage + 8-14 degrees, in a dark place.

Late

Dessert Rossoshanskaya late

Rossoshanskaya - pear with fruits autumn term maturation

Refers to late varieties, fruit ripening occurs at the beginning of September. Dessert pear is stored until January under the right storage conditions. Hybrid, the result of crossing varieties and Tonkovetka, bred in 1952. The tree is vigorous, more than 6 m high, the seedling has a narrow pyramidal shape of the trunk, gray in color, an adult tree forms a wide and smooth trunk. The pear crown is branched, young branches are gray, looking up.

The fruit is quite large, weighing up to 180 grams, dark green tones at the beginning of ripening and brown-red shades by autumn. They are attached to branches of 6 pieces on thick stalks. Harvesting begins at 3-4 years, the percentage of yield is high. It tastes sweet, with soft skin and juicy pulp.

Belarusian

Released in Belarus. The variety is late, ripening occurs at the beginning of September. The tree is small, not more than 3.5 m high, the branches look straight up, the crown is gray-brown, smooth. The leaves are light green tones, oblong in shape, with jagged edges. Flowering occurs at the beginning of spring, the inflorescences are white, with a pleasant aroma.

The fruits are dull, light green tones, changing during the summer to orange-red hues. The skin of the pear is rough, quite dense, with small black spots. The stalks are short, the pear branches are crowded in pairs. The pear tastes fleshy, with white pulp, juicy, has a slight sourness.. The pear is winter-hardy, not exposed to pests and diseases. Minus - it does not bear fruit every year, it needs rest.

The variety is not always able to pollinate on its own, therefore, in order to have a successful harvest, it is recommended to plant additional pollinated varieties on the site, for example, or Bere loshitskaya.

The work of a French breeder. The variety is quite capricious, requires special conditions for growth and careful care. The tree is medium-sized, the crown is compact, the branches are directed upwards. Crown brownish shades, smooth, slightly flaky. During the summer, it forms many new branches, which reduces the yield, so it is important to remove excess branches in the fall. The leaves are shiny, dark green, rounded.

Fruits can weigh more than 400 grams. In appearance, the fruits are small, rounded, with a thick skin. The whole fruit is covered with red spots, the surface is bumpy, uneven. The pear is sweet, with white fleshy flesh and a light pleasant aroma. The pear ripens by September and is stored assembled until spring. . Resistant to diseases, but in severe winters it needs additional shelter, otherwise the amount of harvest decreases in the following year.

Bere Ardanpon

It was bred in Belgium by N. Ardanpon in 1759. This winter-hardy undersized hybrid requires special care. It prefers to grow in the sun, heat and well-moistened soil - only in these conditions the tree bears fruit. The tree is vigorous, with a dense brownish-gray crown.. Young branches are thin, not drooping, the leaf blade is pointed, dark green in color, slightly pointed in shape. It blooms in early spring, with white fragrant inflorescences.

The fruits are large, green in mid-summer and reddish hues when fully ripe closer to autumn. Pear with thin smooth skin. This variety is loved by gardeners because of its attractive presentation., which persists until cold weather. The taste of the pear is sweet, with white, fleshy pulp. It endures winter, but it is better to cover young seedlings.

Hera

The same applies to winter varieties, which appeared as a result of crossing Reale Turin and Daughter of the Dawn. Especially the variety does not differ from others, but gardeners fell in love with it because of its large fruits. One pear can weigh up to 280 grams! In addition, the fruits have light green hues that change to reddish in the process of ripening. Not inferior in taste, pears are sweet, with fine-grained cream-colored flesh. They have a delicate, slightly sour taste, with a pleasant aroma.

The tree is medium-sized, no more than 6 m high, with spreading branches, crown, brownish color. Able to produce a large amount of crops annually, not demanding on conditions and care. Plucked fruits can be stored for several months. In addition, the variety is quite resistant to diseases, not afraid of insects, frost-resistant.

IN Ancient Greece pear fruit was used as a remedy for nausea.

miraculous

Another winter pear, a hybrid obtained by crossing the varieties Daughter of the Dawn and. Has excellent frost and disease resistance. It has a pyramidal crown shape, no more than 5 m high. The branches are thin, look up, gray-brown in color. The leaves are rounded, dark green in color, small light streaks are clearly visible. It blooms in early spring, with white fragrant inflorescences.

High yield variety by weight one fruit from 140 to 210 grams, can remain on the tree for a long time and is stored for a long time when assembled. The fruits are light green in color, becoming yellowish closer to autumn, slightly elongated. Sweet to taste, with fleshy pulp, have a delicate pleasant aroma.

autumn

Autumn garden varieties differ from others in their long shelf life when assembled, they are not inferior in taste to summer or winter varieties.

Veles

Autumn variety of pears, one of the best. The fruits are quite large, the average weight of a pear is from 150 grams and above. Fruits of the correct pear-shaped form: narrow at a peduncle and rounded from below. On the branches grow in small clusters, 3-4 pears each. The pear ripens at the end of August, remains on the tree until October. It has beautiful view, until the end of summer, the fruits are dark green, and when ripe, they become red-orange tones. The taste properties are sweet, juicy, with fleshy pulp and thin skin.

Tree height no more than 8 m, with drooping branches and a pyramidal shape of the trunk, gray-brown. Young branches are formed throughout the summer, which affects the amount of the crop, it is recommended to prune in the fall. Resistant to frost, diseases and pests.

Bere Moscow

Frost-resistant, almost not exposed to diseases and pests. Appeared as a result of pollination of the variety Olga with pollen from the varieties Forest Beauty and. Tree no more than 6-8 m high. The crown of the pear is rounded, light brown. Young branches are rather thin, drooping, gray or brown. The leaf plate is dark green in color, rounded in shape. Pear blossoms in early spring.

The fruits are slightly bumpy, light green shades, there is a slight blush closer to autumn. It is better to pick the fruits slightly green and firm in early autumn., so they are better preserved and lie longer, up to several months in a cool and dark place. If the pear tastes a little tart, with sourness, it means that the pear lacks moisture. With proper care, the pear becomes sweet and fleshy, with delicate white flesh. In general, this variety is not capricious when leaving.

Red-sided

It is a misconception that this variety belongs to the winter, it is not, a variety of autumn ripening. It was obtained as a result of crossing varieties Zheltoplodnaya and Tenderness. Resistant to diseases and pests, especially scab. Frost-resistant, good harvest year after year. The crown is rounded, the branches are slightly drooping, brown-gray in color. The leaves are slightly pointed, light green in spring and dark green in autumn.

Does not require special care, is able to grow in a small shade, under taller trees, but loves moisture. Fruits of medium size, weighing no more than 200 grams. Green pears change their hues to raspberry blush as they ripen. Sweet to taste, with juicy fine-grained pulp and thin skin. Stay on branches, on short curved stalks. The fruits can be stored for a long time, both on the tree and in the assembled form, they are not afraid of transportation.

In memory of Yakovlev

Medium-sized tree with a dense crown. The height of the tree does not exceed 1.5-2m, with a spherical crown. Young branches are thin, looking up, brown-gray with small spines. The leaves are dark green, ovate, with smooth edges. Harvest gives for 6-8 years. A popular variety among gardeners due to regular fruiting and unpretentious care.

Pears with a smooth and thin skin, weighing no more than 200 grams. The fruits are collected in groups of 5-7 pears. The taste of the pear is sweet, with juicy pulp and a pleasant aroma. The fruits are golden in color, slightly reddish at the end of ripening. Full ripening of fruits occurs in mid-October. A pear can be stored on a tree for a long time, does not fall off, and even when assembled it can lie for several months. High yield, which increases with each year of tree growth. More than 30 kg of ripe pear is collected from an adult tree per year. In addition, it is capable of not only self-pollination, but also pollinates other varieties of pears. It greatly simplifies the care of the pear that it is winter-hardy and unpretentious in care.

For the first time the word "pear" is mentioned in chronicles in the 12th century, and it sounded like "pear". And all, because of the characteristic crunch, which was published when biting the fruit.

Muscovite

Obtained as a result of pollination of one of the American varieties of Kieffer pears. It has a standard shape, with a fairly dense and spreading crown., light gray colors, which eventually changes shades to brown tones. Quickly forms new curved shoots. The foliage is light green in color, oval in shape, slightly curved in the center. This variety gives a bountiful harvest in the southwestern regions. The first harvest is formed for 3-4 years.

Fruits are medium in size, up to 150 grams. They have the correct pear shape. They have a greenish-yellow hue, which is replaced by the end of summer to burgundy-raspberry tones. The skin is thin, fleshy with juicy pulp with a pronounced sweet-sour taste. It is recommended to pick pears when they are slightly underripe, because after lying indoors for a couple of days, the pear ripens and retains its taste. Under the right storage conditions, the fruits can not deteriorate for several months.. High resistance to scab and rot, also not afraid of frost.

Marble

The fruit of crossing varieties Bere winter Michurina and. The crop of this variety ripens by the very beginning of autumn, the first fruits can be plucked in early September. It differs from others in the height and density of the crown, the height of the tree is more than 8 m. A lot of light brown thin branches are formed every year, but the pear gives shoots extremely rarely. It blooms in early spring with white fragrant inflorescences. The foliage is dark green in color.

The fruits are large, from 170 grams, with yellowish-green hues and a slight blush. The pear is also distinguished by the correct conical shape of the fruit. The pulp is coarse-grained, tender, juicy. A rather dense peel, with small dots of a rusty color. The variety, like other autumn pears, is frost-resistant, not afraid of diseases and pests. The tree begins to bear fruit only for 5 years, but the yield percentage is high, the pear is able to please big amount harvest every year.

Pear for the Volga region and central Russia

Chizhovskaya

Olga and Lesnaya Krasiva were taken as “parental” varieties, as a result of the long work of S.T. Chizhov and S.P. Potapov and the variety Chizhovskaya was bred. One of the popular self-pollinating varieties in middle lane, especially in the Volga region and surrounding areas. The tree is no more than 3 m tall, the young tree has a narrow crown, grayish shades. Older branches acquire a brownish color, the branches look up, medium in thickness, slightly curved. The leaves are oval in shape, dark green in color with smooth edges.

The fruits themselves weigh no more than 150 grams. At the beginning of summer, the pear is of light green tones, the fruit is quite hard, but closer to autumn they acquire yellow hues and become soft. In this state, the pear will not hang on the tree for a long time, so it is recommended to pick it in early autumn. Green fruits can lie for several weeks. Sweet and fleshy in taste, they ripen in mid-August. They have white, medium-grained flesh with a pleasant aroma. In addition, she inherited from her “relatives” resistance to frost and disease.

The peculiarity of the variety is that the older the tree, the smaller the fruits. You can deal with this with timely pruning.

Lada

The result of crossing varieties Forest Beauty and Olga, a variety suitable for planting in the middle lane. Differs in precocity of fruits, you can taste fresh fruits already in the middle of summer. frost-resistant, not exposed to diseases and pests, annually gives a rich harvest. A tree with a branchy crown, the branches are slightly drooping, looking down. The height of the tree is not more than 3 m, with a pyramidal shape of the trunk, closely gray in color. The leaves are shiny, smooth, dark green tones. Winters quite well even in the most severe winters, resistant to diseases, partially self-fertile.

Fruits of medium size, not more than 100 grams, light green tones with thin skin. Closer to ripening, the fruits are given in yellow tones become soft to the touch. It is important to catch the moment to remove the fruits from the tree, otherwise they become soft, covered with rusty spots and fall off. The fruit is attached to branches in pairs on short stalks. It tastes sweet, with a slight hint of sourness and is stored for a long time in a plucked form, especially in a cool place.

Bessemyanka

Popular and quite interesting for planting, especially spread in the Central regions, it also grows well in the middle lane. The tree is vigorous, the growth rate is fast, it produces a stable crop, it does not need rest. Productivity is high, more than 50 kg of fruits are harvested per year. A tree over 6 m high, with spreading and curved branches. The leaves are oval, dark green in color, with rounded edges. The variety is also resistant to frost, but prone to scab and other diseases.

Annually pleases with a large number of crops, although the fruits are quite small, more like apples. Light green in color, firm when ripe, the fruits turn yellow and soft when ripe. They are attached to the branches by one fruit on short stalks. Ripening occurs at the end of summer, when the fruits acquire yellowish hues.. It does not last long on the tree, quickly falls off. In addition, it does not lie long and in a torn form, no more than 2-3 weeks.

In Europe, before the introduction of tobacco, crushed pear leaves were used for smoking.

Early maturing from Michurinsk

This variety beats all records for the speed of fruit ripening. Bred by I. V. Michurin, as a result of crossing varieties Citron de Carm and Bere Ligelya. Refers to early varieties pears, the harvest ripens by mid-summer. It is a tall tree, the shape of the trunk is pyramidal, light brown in color.

Fruits no more than 90 grams, green in summer, turn yellow when fully ripe. Small fruits are compensated by taste: sweet, juicy, this pear is loved not only by gardeners, but by bees and birds. Therefore, it is better to collect them when they are a little hard, they are stored for no more than a week. The tree itself is winter-hardy, with a dense crown, resistant to diseases and pests.

Allegro

Bred due to artificial pollination of the variety Autumn Yakovleva. Another variety for the middle lane, which bears fruit annually, is unpretentious in care, resistant to diseases and severe cold. Fruiting begins at 3 years old, with time the fruits become larger in size. Medium-sized tree, over 5 m high, with a lowered crown. The branches are curved, light gray in color, the leaves are slightly elongated, closely green in color.

Pear weighing from 120 grams with a thick skin, but juicy and sweet pulp, with a spicy aroma. The correct pear-shaped form, the fruits are slightly elongated. They are attached to branches with a thick stem, grow singly on a branch. Ripens at the beginning of August, the fruits turn yellowish-red and become soft. The variety is not stored for a long time, mature fruits hang on a tree for no more than 2 weeks, but when assembled they can lie for more than a month.

Central Russia has a special climate that is not suitable for growth for all varieties of pears. There are pronounced hot summers, harsh winters, and transitional periods with high rainfall. Only those who “love” such weather can grow, bear fruit here, and proper care will provide a greater yield of pears.

Garden varieties for the Moscow region, description

Prominent or Lumpy

A variety of pear, which has long been loved by those near Moscow. A tree no more than 5 m high, with a fairly sprawling young crown, which subsequently acquires a pyramidal shape. During the summer, the tree forms many young branches, which must be cut in the fall, otherwise the fruits will shrink. The leaf plate is elongated, with light veins, dark green in color. It blooms in early spring, with many white inflorescences with a pleasant aroma.

Fruiting begins in the 5th year, the fruits are medium in size, regular pear-shaped. The color is greenish-yellow during the summer, with a red tinge towards autumn. Fruits with thick skin and coarse-grained pulp white color . The taste is sweet and juicy, with a pleasant aroma. When assembled, they can be preserved for several months, but it is recommended to collect the fruits in mid-August, when the fruits are quite hard and a little underripe.

Tenderness

A variety obtained by crossing Tyoma and. It gives a particularly large amount of crop in the Volga region, the middle lane and in the Moscow region.. The tree is medium-sized, not more than 4 m high, with a rare crown. The branches are thin, light gray. The tree blooms in mid-spring, with white, small inflorescences. The leaves are rounded, with smooth edges, smooth. Frost-resistant, able to bear fruit annually. Prefers to grow in sunny areas, resistant to diseases, not afraid of pests, so growing this variety will not be difficult.

The fruits are large, weighing more than 200 grams with the correct pear-shaped fruit. The pear tastes soft, juicy, coarse-grained with a pleasant aroma. Attaches to branches with short stalks. In the middle of the fruit is a chamber with brown seeds. The fruits of this pear are stored for a long time both on the tree and when assembled, especially at a temperature of 0 degrees.

A pear tree is not able to deform, which is why, for example, rulers for architects are made from it.

fabulous

It got its name because of the beautiful fruits. Obtained as a result of crossing varieties Hanging and Tenderness. The pear has a high yield, more than 30 kg of ripe fruits are collected per season from one adult tree. The height of the tree reaches 4 m, the branches are thick, thin with a gray-brown crown. The leaf plate is smooth, rather small, of green shades, with small serrations along the edges.

When the pear ripens, it acquires a yellow-reddish hue on one side and greenish on the other. Has the correct shape of the fetus, moreover one pear can weigh more than 150 grams. Pear pulp is white, fleshy, medium-grained. In the center of the fruit are chambers with dark brown seeds. Steadily tolerates diseases, is not afraid of frost, seedlings easily take root in a new place.

Another suitable variety for planting in the suburbs. A tree over 6 m high, with a pyramidal trunk shape, with brown-brown upright branches. Young leaves are light green tones, by autumn they change color to dark green shades. Frost-resistant, does not need special care. The pear ripens in mid-September. It differs from others in that it has yield declines, the fruits become smaller, but after a couple of years the pear again pleases with a large harvest.

The fruits are green throughout the summer, but change to yellow-orange colors in autumn. Fastens on short stalks, grows 2-3 pears in bunches. The taste of the pear is fragrant and fleshy, medium-grained flesh with a thin skin. Good storage ability, especially in a cool place.

Elegant Efimova

It turned out as a result of crossing the varieties Lyubimitsa Klappa and Tonkovetka. It grows well and gives a rich harvest in the Central region, the Moscow region and other nearby areas. Productive, winter-hardy, not exposed to pests and diseases. The tree is tall, more than 5 m in height, with a dense crown, dark brown in color, pyramidal in shape. The leaves are small, dark green in color, with smooth edges.

Beautiful appearance of the fruit, red-orange tones are intertwined with green hues. But the fruits are small in size, weighing no more than 120 grams, regular, slightly distant shape. Soft, juicy flesh, with a pleasant sweet aroma. The thin skin of the pear is prone to dark spots during the summer. The fruits ripen at the end of August, quickly overripe, therefore, it is better to collect them a little hard, and it is recommended to store them in a cool and dark place.

Venus

Another popular variety for planting, due to its winter hardiness and unpretentious care. Tree up to 4m high, the crown is quite spreading, young branches are slightly lowered down, light brown in color. The variety blooms in early spring with white inflorescences with a sweet aroma. The variety is also distinguished by high yields, an adult tree can produce more than 40 kg of yield over the summer. Does not need rest, is able to bear fruit annually. In addition, the variety is fairly resistant to frost, disease and pests.

The variety ripens in early autumn, the fruits are large, weighing up to 200 grams. Red-yellow in color, when ripe green tones. The taste is soft, juicy, slightly sour with a thin skin. They are stored for a long time both on a tree and in assembled form.

Regardless of the specific variety, of which there are a huge variety today, the main thing in a pear is its taste and useful trace elements, which are so abundant in ripe fruits. Winter, summer and autumn varieties differ from each other not only in taste, but also in the speed of fruit ripening, care features, and the ability to preserve fruits. Which variety to choose is up to you.

If the variety has all the components of winter hardiness, it is not afraid of any winter. But perfection is almost unattainable, each variety has its pros and cons. Therefore, it is worth planting several varieties of each crop.

Western European, southern and Central Russian varieties are resistant to frost after the thaw (), and Siberian and Far Eastern species can withstand absolute temperatures up to -40 ... -45 ° С. This is true for pears, cherries, plums. Breeders crossing Siberian varieties with Western European and Central Russian, received varieties and hybrids that combine productivity and dessert taste. In the conditions of the Moscow region, varieties of folk selection showed high winter hardiness: Antonovka ordinary, Cinnamon striped, Moscow Grushovka, as well as new varieties: Arkadik, Mayak Zagorya, Imrus, Freshness, Medunitsa, Candy and Kitayka Kerr - a decorative medium-sized apple tree with a drooping crown, with tasty, well kept fruits.

The most winter-hardy varieties are Lada, Chizhovskaya, Cathedral. Unlike an apple tree, a pear does not have a periodicity of fruiting, which ensures a constant harvest. In addition, many varieties show a tendency to parthenocarpy - the ability to set fruits without fertilization. The Veles variety deserves attention - winter-hardy autumn with tasty large fruits.

The most cold-resistant plum varieties are the Ussuri and Canadian plums - they withstand frosts down to -40 ... -45 ° C, but, unfortunately, they freeze slightly in slight frosts after a thaw. Of interest to the middle lane is the highly winter-hardy variety Skoroplodnaya (a hybrid of Ussuri and American). From home, the most hardy are Skorospelka red, Hungarian Moscow, Blue gift, Zayatnaya, Kantemirovka and Alexy - a winter-hardy, self-fertile, productive late-ripening plum variety.

Cherry common came from crossing with steppe cherries. It has the third component of frost resistance, and steppe cherry - the second. Therefore, it is better to plant both those and others. For the Central region, varieties of common sour cherries are recommended: Molodezhnaya, Pamyat Enikeeva, Rastorguevskaya, Assol, Bulatnikovskaya, as well as those obtained from steppe cherries Malinovka, Shchedraya, Shakirovskaya and Japanese cherries Rusinka.

Cherry is considered a southern crop. However, in the last 15–20 years it has been bred. They tolerate absolute temperature drops down to –35…–37 °С. The most hardy are Bryansk pink - a fruitful variety of late ripening cherries, Iput, Revna, Fatezh, Tyutchevka. Fatezh and Italian are more resistant to spring frosts. Leningradskaya black - sweet cherry of medium ripening, high-yielding variety.

Planting an apple tree in autumn fertilizer. Fertilizing the soil for planting seedlings

Known to be preferable autumn planting apple trees. This allows the root system to gain strength over the winter, recover from transplant stress and prepare for the next growing season. Trees should be planted in mid-autumn after leaf fall.

When choosing apple seedlings for planting, you need to know the composition of the soil. This will allow you to estimate how much and what fertilizers need to be applied to the land to increase its fertility.

The best fertilizers for planting apple trees are organic. They are included in the following amounts:

• ash - 1 kg per pit;
• humus - 2 small buckets per pit;
• compost - 3-4 buckets per pit;
• peat - 3-4 buckets per pit.

You can mix all these components in a ratio of 1: 4: 5: 5 and feed the earth with a bucket of the resulting mixture.

Mineral fertilizers for planting should not be applied. You can often find disputes about what fertilizers are needed for apple trees, and tips on applying phosphate, nitrogen or potash fertilizers for seedlings. However, as practice shows, the application of mineral fertilizers does more harm than good. Trees get sick and often die. This is due to the ability of mineral fertilizers to cause root burns. And the roots of the seedlings are still young and tender, so injuries are painful. Organics only bring benefits. It's better to start making mineral fertilizers for apple trees in the fall, on the 3-4th year after planting the tree.

It is also necessary to take into account the climatic conditions and the purpose of the apple variety for these conditions. If in the south of our country there are no restrictions on planting any varieties, then in the northern regions it is necessary to control the winter hardiness of apple trees. If you plant a tree unsuitable for harsh conditions, it will simply die, and efforts will be wasted.

In order for young trees to have time to adapt to the cold and successfully endure them, it is necessary to choose the right time for planting and take into account all the features of the region in which the apple tree is grown.

Did you know? Apple trees can live for hundreds of years. In the Sumy region of Ukraine, a tree grows that celebrated its 300th anniversary. During this time, he had several trunks.

Landing dates

The most successful planting dates in the southern regions are from late October to early November, in the middle lane - from late September to mid-October. Trees planted at this time will be able to receive enough moisture during the period of frequent rains for the normal development of the root system, strengthen before the onset of frost, and also enter the growing season normally.

Planting an apple tree in autumn is considered the best time

Weather

Planting a seedling should be done at least 20–30 days before the onset of the first frost, since lowering the temperature even to minus levels can cause great harm to the root system that has not yet adapted.

By this time, the leaves should have completely fallen on the trees. It is believed that it is at this time that the soil has the most suitable temperature for planting. Up to + 4 ° C, new roots will appear. The planting of the seedling is planned on a cloudy windless day in order to Sun rays did not harm it, and the winds did not break the stem.

Region features

Planting features will depend on the region in which the tree is planted. So, if in the ground where it is planned to plant an apple tree, there is too high a percentage of clay, then sand, peat, humus should be added to it. The bottom of the hole must be equipped with drainage from stones, tree trimmings. In such conditions, the pit should be dug shallow.

When planting in depleted, sandy soil, it is improved by introducing peat, humus, and potassium-containing fertilizers. The bottom of the pit should be covered with clay, which will retain moisture.

Did you know? The largest apple in the world was grown by the Japanese Chisato Iwasaki in 2005. Its weight was 1.849 kg.

If the acidity of the soil is high, lime is added to it for digging. When planting an apple tree in a site with a close occurrence of groundwater, it is required to equip a hill from the ground with a height of 0.8–1 m.

Planting an apple tree with a closed root system in autumn. Planting an apple tree in autumn step by step

Landing technology requires strict adherence to the algorithm:

1. A seedling (if it is not a ZKS) is placed in a bucket with a solution of a root formation stimulator per day.
2. On the day of planting, the pit is plentifully watered - a bucket of water.
3. The apple tree is “tried on” in height: the root neck at the end of the work should rise up to 3 cm above the ground. Later it will be "drawn in" by the subsiding earth.
4. The roots are cut with a clean sharp pruner, leaving 20-25 cm each. This stimulates the growth of lateral root shoots. Sections are disinfected with crushed coal.
5. From the ground in the pit, a mound is formed with such a height as to plant an apple tree at the level necessary for the root collar.
6. A seedling is installed on the south side of the peg on a mound, the roots are straightened.
7. Fill the seat with a fertile mixture. The seedling, as the pit is filled, is slightly shaken. So the earth will fill all the voids.
8. When the pit is completely filled, the soil is trampled down.
9. An earthen roller is made along the edge of the pit. It will not allow irrigation water to spread.
10. Gently pour 2-3 buckets of water into the trunk circle.
11. When the water leaves, the near-stem space is mulched within the earthen roller. Overripe sawdust or peat, compost or humus, cut grass, or better mowed green manure - everything is suitable for mulch.
12. The stem is tied to a peg, stepping back 10 cm from above and below from the support.
13. If there are leaves, they are cut off.
14. The shoots are shortened by a quarter of the length, making cuts above the kidney on the opposite side from it. Cover with var.

The best time to plant trees is when they are dormant. So the tree is easier to adapt to new conditions after waking up. If you were unable to plant trees at the right time, then try planting them at another time of the year. And we will tell you how to plant an apple tree in the summer.

How to choose

Carefully choose planting material for summer planting. Pay attention to three important criteria.

1. root system. Saplings with open roots may die in the summer under the scorching sun. It is better to choose trees in a container. The chances of rooting in a new place are much higher.
2. Tree age. Annual and biennial seedlings are well suited for planting in the summer. A one-year-old seedling has only a trunk; on a two-year-old seedling you will see several branches.
3. Appearance. Carefully inspect the trunk, bark, root system. The seedling must be alive. You can slightly scratch the roots and the tree itself. Do not choose plants with a lot of leaves, in summer time they don't root well.

Preparation

In the summer, prepare the planting hole in advance so that the earth has time to settle.

Optimal size pits for summer planting - 60 cm deep and 50 cm wide.

The soil should be nutritious and not dry. Consider an irrigation system. Ideal for summer planting drip irrigation, irrigation.

Planting material does not need to be stored. As soon as possible after purchase, plant an apple tree on permanent place. Do not injure the roots! In a hot summer, it will be difficult for a plant to take root.

Apple trees love bright places. Of course, they need to be planted in the sun. But the young seedling is already under stress, putting all his strength into rooting. Bright sunlight can adversely affect its survival. Think in advance how you can shade the plant at lunchtime.

Landing

It remains to find out which date is best for summer planting. The ideal option is the beginning of June, when the air temperature is not high, and the sun is not so scorching.

Is it possible to plant apple trees in early August or at another inappropriate time? It is possible, but very carefully. Do not injure the roots, carefully transfer the tree from the container. Land very quickly.

Choose a cloudy day for planting. It is best to plant an apple tree in the early morning or after sunset. The ideal option is prolonged cool weather.

It is better to plant an apple tree in the summer together, so as not to waste too much time. One person places the seedling in the center of the planting hole and holds it, while the second person spreads the roots very carefully and digs in the plant. You can drive a stake into the center of the pit, a seedling is tied to it.

The plant is better to fertilize. In summer great content The apple tree does not need nitrogen. Purchase complex and top dressing with phosphorus and potassium. Stay away from a lot of organics. Weak and damaged roots can burn from such fertilizer.

Care

After planting, you will have to pay special attention to the apple tree. Watch out, the earth should not dry out. Water the plant once a week. Use one or two buckets of water. It is even better to consider drip irrigation so that moisture always goes to the roots.

It is better to mulch the soil so as not to fight weeds, which grow very actively in summer.

Prepare the apple tree for frost, because usually summer trees do not take root well. It is enough to wrap the barrel with burlap.

Unfortunately, the survival rate of summer seedlings is not high, but if you properly looked after the tree, then it will definitely take root!

The first step is to decide on the variety. Plants should be selected zoned for the climate of a particular area. It is best to make a purchase at specialized points of sale, which provide complete information about plants and sell high-quality specimens that can be carefully examined.

Did you know? Previously, all fruits of a rounded shape were called apples.

The second selection criterion is the degree of culture growth.

Distinguish:

Here you need to focus on the size of your own site. When selecting plants, it is worth considering that most varieties will require pollinating apple trees with a similar flowering period to increase productivity. This means that at least 2 trees will have to be planted.

If a distance of 1.5–2 m is allowed between columnar varieties, then vigorous and medium-sized varieties will require much more space. The "step" between such plants is 3-5 m.

In addition to the above, it is worth deciding on the purpose of using the resulting products.

So, regarding the timing of maturation, they distinguish:

• summer - ripen from the middle - the end of July to the end of August, the fruits are poorly stored and are more suitable for fresh consumption or quick processing;
• autumn - ripen in August - late September, stored for about 3-4 months, in use - universal;
• winter - removed from trees in September - October, but they reach consumer maturity after 1-2 months of storage, and general term keeping quality is from 6 to 12 months.

Autumn and winter varieties apples tolerate transportation well, which allows them to be used in commercial activities. After all the criteria necessary for choosing a seedling are taken into account, you can proceed to purchase planting material. The most suitable specimens are one-, two-year-old plants.

They have a higher survival rate than older apple trees. When choosing them, more attention should be paid to examining the root, stem and grafting site. The root must have a length of at least 30 cm, consist of several main and a large number of additional roots. The color of the root system is light gray, without inclusions and signs of rot.

If the plant is one year old, then it will not have side branches. Biennial sprouts have up to 5 skeletal branches, about 30 cm long. The bole itself and shoots should be evenly colored, without tubercles, blotches of a darker color. The grafting site is located 5 cm above the central root. It looks like a small bend with a healed wound or rootstock stump. If this place looks somehow different, it is better to refuse the purchase.

Important! In a seedling, the main thing is a healthy root system, the quality of the bole is not so important. It is better to buy a seedling with a large root and a small above-ground part than vice versa.

Seedlings can be offered with an open or closed root system. Bare-rooted plants are dug up before being sold, and after the purchase is made, they are packaged for transport. The advantage of such an acquisition is the ability to carefully inspect the underground part.

But, planting a tree will need to be carried out in as soon as possible, so it is better to buy them just before planting. Closed root plants are sold in the containers they were grown in.
The downside of the purchase is the inability to carefully examine the root. But such plants can be planted at any time convenient for the buyer.

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