Even a child is familiar with the term "black gold" today. The possession of high oil reserves and the established oil production allowed many countries to literally step out of poverty into new life. Thus, the well-being of such countries as Kuwait, the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia is almost completely “grown” on oil.

10. UAE (960 million barrels per year)

The Emirates are systematically reducing the volume of oil production and the share of the oil sector in the country's economy. The state actively develops trade, re-export and tourism. However, the share of the oil and gas industry in the GDP of the UAE is just under 25%.

9. Kuwait (1 billion barrels)

In the 1960s, it was oil that freed Kuwait from British influence. About 9% of the world's oil reserves are located in the country. The share of the oil sector in GDP exceeds 50%, and 95% of exports are crude oil and refined products.

8. Mexico (1.1 billion barrels)

Mexico accounts for approximately 3% of the world's oil production. Due to the underdeveloped refining industry, Mexico exports crude oil and at the same time imports petroleum products, buying them from the United States.

7. Iran (1.1 billion barrels)

Approximately 45% of the country's budget revenues come from the sale of oil. The main buyers of Iranian oil are China, India, Japan, Turkey, South Korea and Italy.

6. Iraq (1.1 billion barrels)

The development of the oil field in the country is carried out by two state-owned companies - North Oil and South Oil Company. Oil exports provide 98% of Iraq's budget revenues. Compared to last year's rating, Iraq has risen by 2 lines, increasing the rate of oil production.

5. Canada (1.4 billion barrels)

Canada accounts for almost 5% of world oil production. A developed processing industry allows Canada to completely abandon the import of petroleum products, providing for its own needs on its own.

4. China (1.5 billion barrels)

Despite the fact that the growth of the Chinese oil industry is almost 3% per year, the country imports oil, buying it mainly from countries such as Iran and Iraq. China accounts for 5.1% of the global oil production market.

3. Saudi Arabia (3.6 billion barrels)

The share of Saudi Arabia in world oil production is almost 12%. The growth rate is more than 5% per year, which is an impressive figure. Meanwhile, Saudi Arabia was pushed out of the second line of last year's rating by the United States.

2. USA (3.7 billion barrels)

The United States is showing the most impressive growth in the oil industry - almost 11% per year. To date, the country accounts for 12.2% of the global production of "black gold".

1. Russia (3.8 billion barrels)

It is becoming increasingly difficult for Russia to maintain leadership in oil production. The country does not have enough reserves for a qualitative increase in production, so the increase is only 1.3% per year. If this growth rate is maintained, in a year Russia will be in third place in the rating, behind the United States and Saudi Arabia.

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2017: 546 million tons (-0.2%). List of largest mining companies

2015: New production record

The absolute maximum production in the USSR was shown in 1988 at the level of 11.07 million barrels per day. Then, in addition to the RSFSR, such republics as the Kazakh SSR, the Azerbaijan SSR, the Turkmen SSR and the Uzbek SSR also made a significant contribution to production.

In September 2015, Russia set a new oil production record for the post-Soviet period - the level of production, according to the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation, amounted to 10.74 million barrels per day. This is 0.4% (30 thousand barrels per day) higher than in August 2015. The previous maximum was shown in March 2015 at the level of 10.71 million barrels per day.

In general, Russia's September oil production figures were the highest for the entire period after the collapse of the USSR.

According to Deutsche Bank experts, cited by the Wall Street Journal, by the end of 2015, Russia is also likely to set a new record for average annual production: according to forecasts, oil production in 2015 will amount to 10.6 million barrels per day compared to with the former post-Soviet record of 10.58 million barrels per day, which was shown in 2014.

2013: Russia is the largest oil producer in the world

In 2013, Russia was the world's largest oil producer, ahead of Saudi Arabia, its closest competitor, by a million barrels per day.

In 2013, Russia set a new annual record for oil production, surpassing all the industry's best performance since the early 1990s. This was stated by the Minister of Fuel and Energy of Russia Alexander Novak. According to the minister, the volume of production amounted to 523.2 million tons, which is 4.5 million more than in 2012.

Novak noted that according to the forecast of the socio-economic development of the country, he assumed the volume of oil production at the level of 505-510 million tons. He added that last year's growth was due, among other things, to amendments to Russian tax legislation that stimulate the extraction of hard-to-recover reserves.

One of the components of this growth was the work of Rosneft at the Vankor field in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, where the company was able to significantly increase production. In addition, Gazprom began to produce more oil raw materials.

Transportation: The Role of Transneft

Oil export

2017: 252 million tons (-0.9%)

Pipelines

Another important export channel is pipelines. They were built for the most part during the Soviet era and now reach the borders of many CIS countries. For half a century now, the Druzhba oil pipeline, which was conceived to transport oil to the countries of the social bloc and now delivers fuel to Germany and Poland. In total, Druzhba helps to send more than 60 million tons of oil to Europe annually.

A new pipeline direction for Transneft in last years became China, which receives oil from a branch of the Eastern Siberia - Pacific Ocean pipeline running from Skovorodino in the Amur Region. According to the state company itself, the volume of deliveries to China via the pipeline in 2011 was almost the same as the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary combined (more than 15 million tons) buy via Druzhba.

Railway

Oil traders

Russian oil is delivered every year to dozens of countries around the world - from the states of Western Europe to Japan and. True, in most cases, delivery to end consumers is not the concern of the companies themselves. The fact is that when it comes to exporting oil to foreign countries, they prefer to work with traders who buy fuel from them and sell it on the market themselves. This reduces the profitability of the business, but insures the Russians against emergency situations. For example, if somewhere in Europe an oil refinery closed down, which used Russian oil, then it becomes a headache for the trader, not the manufacturer.

Litasco (Lukoil)

The choice between a trader and direct deliveries is relevant for companies that do not have their own traders. So, Rosneft created its trader, registered in Switzerland, only in 2011, but Lukoil has been working through its wholly-owned subsidiary Litasco for more than ten years (January 2013). At the same time, Litasco's trade volumes are not limited to Lukoil's oil and oil products: according to the company's official data, in 2011 it purchased 20 million tons of oil and 37 million tons of oil products "on the side".

Sunimex (Sergey Kishilov)

It is even more difficult to obtain information about traders independent of mining companies. Even companies traded on the stock exchange should not officially publish the structure of export deliveries. In turn, the traders themselves are also in no hurry to make any reporting available. For example, trader Sunimex has a leading position in the supply of Russian oil via the Druzhba pipeline to Germany, but the details of his business remain in the shadows. The only thing that can be said for sure about Sunimex is that it is run by businessman Sergei Kishilov.

Gunvor (Gennady Timchenko)

Even until recently, the largest trader of Russian oil entering the ports - the company Gunvor (Gunvor) - reports on the results of its activities only when it needs it and only in those volumes that it considers sufficient. It is known that Gunvor's sales in 2010 amounted to 104 million tons of oil equivalent, but it is not clear what Russia's share in them is.

The data for 2010 poorly reflect the current state of affairs also because the situation on the market has changed a lot. If earlier the main export volumes of oil from Rosneft, Surgutneftegaz, TNK-BP were sold by the company Gennady Timchenko, then in 2012 it unexpectedly lost several tenders in Russia. In September 2012, Reuters reported that Gunvor's trading volumes for the Russian brand of Urals oil fell several times, as its competitors Shell, Vitol and Glencore won the tenders of Rosneft, Surgutneftegaz and TNK-BP.

Gunvor, however, explained that they were not leaving the Russian market, but simply changing the business concept: if earlier the company was interested in long-term contracts, now a trader buys Russian oil on the open market, where sometimes the cost of raw materials is even lower than under long-term contracts. Rosneft, on the other hand, finds it profitable to conclude agreements for several years in advance and receive an advance payment on them. These funds can be used to pay for the shares of TNK-BP and, thus, not to take an expensive loan.

Glencore

Just before the New Year 2013, another blow was dealt to Gunvor: Glencore and Vitol agreed on a long-term contract with Rosneft for 67 million tons of oil. The Russian company undertakes to supply this raw material to traders within five years. In other words, Glencore and Vitol have contracted a fifth of Rosneft's yearly exports through Transneft.

Already in 2013, it became clear that the shares between Glencore and Vitol would be unevenly distributed. According to the same Reuters agency, Glencore will receive up to 70 percent of the total oil, making it one of the largest or even the largest trader of Russian oil.

Will there be new traders

The chances that some new trader will start trading in Russian oil in the near future are small: companies working through their own subsidiaries will try to develop them in the first place, while the rest have been cooperating with current market participants for many years and completely trust them. At the same time, there may be changes in the conditional rating of the largest traders, especially considering that competition will continue to grow, if only due to a reduction in the amount of oil exported.

Direct contracts

Until 2013, Rosneft was engaged in the supply of oil via the Druzhba pipeline to Germany to a joint venture between BP and Rosneft, but from 2013 the value of this company should increase. So, in February 2013, it became known that Rosneft signed a direct contract for the supply to Poland of about six million tons annually. Similar agreements have been signed with Total and Shell, and another one is expected to be signed with Eni in the near future. True, the volumes of purchases of Total, Shell and Eni are not indicated in official reports.

Not only market leaders, but also everyone else is gradually switching to direct contracts. So, the consulting company Argus in January 2013 reported that Tatneft had agreed with the Polish Grupa Lotos on direct deliveries to the Gdansk refinery. True, this information has not been officially confirmed.

Export duty and dependence of the economy on oil

The export duty on oil in 2012 was kept at the level of about $400 per ton of oil. This means that due to exports, the state budget received approximately $84 billion (2.5 trillion rubles) for oil duties to non-CIS countries alone. For comparison, total federal budget revenues (including other export duties and taxes) in 2012 amounted to 12.858 trillion rubles.

At the same time, the Russian economy is much less dependent on oil exports than most of the world's largest oil exporters.

Almost every country, even a small one, produces minerals on its territory. Some people got a lot of them, some didn't. In this plan Russian Federation, even after the collapse of the USSR, which remained the largest country on the planet in terms of its territory, it was lucky. Everything necessary is produced both for own needs and for export - from light helium gas to heavy rare earth metals. How much oil Russia produces per year is a strategic issue that determines the filling of the country's budget, the number of jobs, the price level, the implementation of government social programs, the regular supply of raw materials to oil refineries and chemical synthesis.

Black gold deposits

This is what they call oil, each large place of extraction of which is equivalent to a gold mine. Such deposits from year to year produce millions of tons of valuable raw materials from the earth's interior. The industrial extraction of black gold began in the second half of the 19th century. Previously used methods: collecting oil in the places of exits to the surface, the installation of stepped wells - were primitive, inefficient in terms of technology, the amount of extraction of a valuable mineral.

The largest deposits are where oil is produced in Russia. Most of these strategic reserves of the country with huge explored volumes of hydrocarbons are located in the West Siberian oil basin in the territories of the Yamalo-Nenets, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrugs, as well as in the Republic of Tatarstan and Eastern Siberia. In recent years, active oil and gas condensate production has been carried out on the shelf of Sakhalin Island.

List of fields where oil is produced in Russia in millions of tons per year, the development of which has been going on for many years:

• Samotlor. It is located near the "oil capital" of Russia - Nizhnevartovsk. The explored reserve contains 7 billion tons of raw materials. The volume of annual production is about 22 million tons.
• Priobskoye. Located near Khanty-Mansiysk. The reserves reach 5 billion tons. Mining has been going on since the days of the Soviet Union, currently amounting to 40 million tons per year. Exploration is specifying the volume of new oil horizons of the field under the Ob River, which makes Priobskoye one of the most successful and promising oil production projects.
• Lyantorskoe. It is also located in the Khanty-Mansiysk Okrug. The balance reserve of the deposit is 2.5 billion tons. The annual amount of oil produced is 7.5 million tons. In addition, gas condensate is extracted here in large volumes.
• Verkhnechonskoe. Located in the Irkutsk region. The annual volume is 7 million tons.
• The famous Urengoy deposit. Huge reserves, for which exploration continues, have not been specified to date. It was from this field that the Soviet Union began to supply strategic raw materials to Europe. Production per year - 11 million tons of oil.
• Romashkinskoye in the Republic of Tatarstan. The reserves reach 5 billion tons. Annual production - 15 million tons.

These are just the most famous deposits. In addition, production totaling more than 10 million tons per year is carried out at the Mamontovsky, Fedorovsky, Vankorsky oil fields, in the Salymskaya, Krasnoleninskaya groups of fields.

There are two answers to the question of how much oil Russia produces per year. The first is more than 500 million tons per year. The closest competitors are Saudi Arabia, the USA. Within this trio, with varying success, there is a struggle for first place in different indicators oil production, including related to the fact that the oil produced in these countries differs in grades, specific gravity, weight, content of fractions. The second answer is that the exact figures for the production of any strategic reserves in each state are classified information that is not subject to public disclosure.

Oil by grade

Often the words from the mouths of the leading television programs about the economy, the extractive industry sound absolutely incomprehensible abracadabra: some brands of oil, quotes, futures. Without going into details of exchange manipulations and forecasts, one should understand the main thing - what kind of oil is produced in Russia.

The variety, also called the brand of this hydrocarbon raw material, is determined, first of all, by its qualitative composition and uniformity. The oil from each well has its own characteristics. That is why there was a need for its classification. To simplify the assessment of export supplies, it was decided to divide oil into light and heavy, depending on the predominance of certain fractions in it, sulfur and other impurities. More than 20 varieties or grades of oil are produced in the world today.

What kind of oil is produced in Russia - six main brands for export:

• Urals. This heavy oil is high in sulfur. It is obtained by mixing raw materials from the Khanty-Mansiysk region and Tatarstan. The latter is somewhat worse in quality due to the sulfur content, which makes it more difficult to process, and therefore cheaper.
• Siberian Light. Light oil from Western Siberia. The sulfur content is up to 3 times less than in Urals.
• Arctik oil. The raw material is extracted by a drilling platform from the shelf of the Pechora Sea. The oil is dense, with an admixture of sulfur.
• Sokol. Production started on Sakhalin Island. Raw materials with a low content of impurities.
• ESPO (ESPO) from Eastern Siberia. Oil of low density, with a low sulfur content.
• Vityaz from the Sakhalin-2 project. Light oil.

It should be noted that the main part of the deliveries is the oil of the first two varieties listed, the rest are produced in a much smaller volume. It is to be hoped that they are at the beginning of a long journey to global recognition, export shares.

It is quite clear that the indicator - how much oil Russia produces per year for another decade will remain one of the determining factors, perhaps until a new round of the industrial, scientific and technological revolution, which today will provide sources of raw materials for fuel, chemical synthesis. Because the economy, defense capability, and the life of the country as a whole directly depend on it. Taking into account both the already explored, mothballed, and not yet discovered oil fields on the vast territory of Russia, the continental shelf, it can be said with confidence that it will be enough to ensure the prosperous life of many generations.

Oil is the main fossil of the 20-21st century, around which the world economy is built. It is not surprising that many countries are devoting considerable effort to the development of oil production. Residents of Russia know that our country is one of the leading energy powers, daily extracting record volumes of raw materials from the bowels. However, there are other countries whose oil production is not inferior to Russia's. In this article, we will talk about the leading countries in oil production.

To date, there are three powers leading in terms of oil production. These include:

• Russian Federation;
• Saudi Arabia;
• USA.

Russia, the US and Saudi Arabia are the closest competitors for the first position in this ranking. For example, in 2015, Saudi Arabia produced 10,192.6 thousand barrels per day, Russia - 10,111.7 thousand barrels per day, and the United States - 9,430.8 thousand barrels per day. One barrel - 159 liters of raw materials.

At the same time, in 2014, the United States produced more raw materials than the Russian Federation and occupied the second line in the ranking. In 2016, the situation changed and Russia became the absolute leader, producing a record 548 million tons of oil.

Behind the "big three" are such countries as (in descending order of production):

• Iraq;
• Iran;
• Canada;
• Kuwait;
• Venezuela.

In recent years, the pace of production has been increasing by Iran, which was previously under the influence of international sanctions prohibiting it from trading oil. After the sanctions were lifted, Iran entered the top five in terms of production and continues to increase the production of raw materials, expanding markets.

At the same time, OPEC countries and Russia agreed to freeze production in order to stabilize the price of raw materials.

Oil reserves in the world

To date, according to scientists, 240 billion tons of crude oil are concentrated on the planet. Most of this raw material is located on the territory of OPEC countries. OPEC is an organization that brings together 13 oil-producing countries, many of which are located in the Middle East and Africa. Russia is not a member of OPEC.

It is important to understand that the size of oil reserves and the size of oil production are not always directly related. So, for example, Russia, which is a leader in oil production, is not among the five countries with largest number stocks. On the contrary, Venezuela is the leader in proven reserves of raw materials. However, in terms of production rates, it is only on the tenth line.