When is the best time to plant yellow plums? Rules for the autumn planting of plum seedlings. Good Neighbors for a Plum

To fruit trees on garden plots not only grew, but also brought delicious fruits, rich in vitamins and microelements, you need to grow them correctly. Plum requires special care therefore, experienced gardeners strictly adhere to the basic rules for planting and caring for a tree.

For the tree to bring good harvest, residents middle lane you should choose plums with a short or medium ripeness period. Trees that are resistant to frost, drought and disease are highly valued. Many gardeners opt for the following varieties:

• Yakhontovaya.
• Early.
• Chinese.
• Giant.

These plums are also called early or fruitful. The described varieties tolerate transportation over long distances well, so they are planted in different parts Sveta.

Having decided on the variety, gardeners must decide how to plant the plum. Plum planting in the ground is done in three ways: from the stone, cuttings and processes of the roots.

Of greatest interest is the process of growing plums from the stone. But this method of planting requires the most labor and time.

Growing from the bone

If you are going to grow a plum from a stone, pay attention to the following nuances:

• The process is labor intensive and requires patience.
• Plum may differ from "parent" palatability.
• Not every tree planted in this way will bear long-awaited fruits.

If you decide to plant a plum from the stone, you must follow simple recommendations:

• Bones should be taken only from juicy and tasty plums.
• You need to plant several seeds at once.
• Initially, the seed should be planted in a pot, and transplanted into open ground in the fall.

Before planting, preparatory measures are taken: the seeds should be hardened by placing them in the refrigerator for a day. It is necessary to set the temperature + 2 degrees. Then the bones are placed in a damp cloth and left for six months. The fabric with seeds needs to be moistened periodically. When the seeds swell and crack, it is necessary to plant them in the ground. The soil must be well moistened. After planting, the plum needs top dressing and good watering.

When choosing a plum seedling, be sure to pay attention to the following factors:

• The sprouts should have a strong root system with 4–5 roots 25 cm or more in length.
• According to the method of pollination, plums are divided into 2 types: the first ones pollinate themselves, the second ones definitely need a company of a different variety of plums in order to start fruiting. In this case, planting a tree away from other plums is not recommended, since close planting contributes to their pollination, without which the plum will not bear fruit.
• Plum seedlings are grafted and rooted. The second type has the property of self-healing during frost.
• Seedlings come with an open and closed root system.
• There should be no stains or damage on exposed roots.
• A healthy seedling does not show signs of drying out, the trunk and branches should be fresh and clean.

A tree with open roots should be well examined, its condition and size of the roots should be assessed, if appearance seedling does not meet the above criteria, it is better to refuse to plant it.

Seedlings with a closed root system are already rooted in the ground, therefore they have a clod of soil, which does not allow assessing the size and condition of the root. In this case, it is difficult to make the right choice, since the actual state of the germ can only be assessed by its appearance.

Plum must be planted at strictly defined times: before the buds swell in spring or at the end of September.

Landing in the ground and the nuances of growing

Plum is a capricious tree, so the landing site should be treated with special attention. It grows in any suburban area, but it cannot be guaranteed that the plant will definitely bear fruit. The most favorable for planting plums are sunny places on the hills, well protected from the winds. It is preferable to land on a site near the fence from its northern part, in such conditions the seedling will be protected from cold gusts of wind and will have access to the sun from the south side.

It is necessary to plant the plum in fertile soil, preferably with a sandy or loamy composition, in addition, the tree gives a good harvest on alkaline soil. The landing pit should be made about half a meter deep and no more than 1 meter wide. Transplantation is carried out in moist soil, but care must be taken that there is no stagnant water in this place.

The distance between seedlings depends on the plum variety. For trees that spread widely, it is necessary to provide a free space of about 3 meters. If the variety is with a small crown, then the distance should be made smaller.

A plum tree does not need inorganic fertilizers; humus diluted in water in a ratio of 1: 2 will be an ideal top dressing for it. After planting, the fruit tree needs abundant watering with heated water. Plum is a plant that loves heat and light, so when choosing a place to plant, you need to pay special attention to these factors.

The plum tree is moisture-loving, so drying out is very detrimental to it. In hot weather, watering should be done once a week: 6 buckets of water for an adult tree and 4 buckets for a young one. A signal of a lack of moisture will be cracks covering the fruit. But it must be remembered that excessive watering is harmful to plums. With an excess of moisture, the leaves of the tree turn yellow and the top dies off.

IN winter period you need to make sure that the snow around the seedling is not higher than 60 cm, the excess cover must be removed.

Planting period

Since plum trees can be planted in spring and autumn, gardeners need to determine the most favorable period for themselves.

Each season has its pros and cons to consider.

spring

Spring planting is preferred. For planting, you should choose stronger annual seedlings..

In the spring, the plum should be planted in warm ground, immediately after the buds swell. This is usually done in early April. If this time is missed, you can land a little later, in the spring this will not be such a serious mistake as in the fall.

Planting pits are prepared in the fall, they are dug out with a diameter and a width of 60 cm. If a tree is planted in a cultivated area, it must be dug up by 1–2 bayonets of a shovel within a radius of 1.5 meters near the landing site.

The place under the tree is prepared in advance - it should be sunny and high, humus with earth is poured into the hole in a ratio of 1: 1, a wooden stake or a straight stick is placed in the center of the recess, and then a seedling is tied to this support so that the rope does not press on the bark . When planting, the upper part of the root adjacent to the trunk is left 5 cm above ground level, after a while the soil will settle, and the roots will be on the same level with it. This is done so that the trunk does not begin to rot.

Juicy, sweet, with a delicate taste plum is one of the most popular fruits growing on summer cottages. It can be eaten freshly picked, cooked from it fragrant jam, compotes and other preparations. At the same time, plants often become a real decoration of the garden - the plum blossoms very beautifully in late spring, and its trees are lush and easily create a cute and cozy corner in the garden for relaxation.

Plum is a genus of perennial shrubs and trees that belong to the Rosaceae family. It unites more than 250 plant species. Thanks to selection, varieties were bred from some species, which are now grown in summer cottages. They differ in color and size of fruits, ripening time, and sometimes in taste. The following are the most popular:

There are a great many types of plums that summer residents cultivate in their garden plots. But they have a lot in common:

• the fruit is a drupe;
• pink or white flowers are collected in inflorescences or solitary;
• leaves lanceolate, toothed.

Plum is cultivated almost throughout Russia, but it is rarely grown on an industrial scale.

This plant is not highly resistant to low temperatures, therefore, with sharp and severe frosts, there is a high risk of losing all the trees to a single one and being left without a crop at all.

We buy seedlings

It is best to buy plum tree seedlings in specialized nurseries for growing garden plants, since in spontaneous markets there is a high risk of running into a sick tree or being deceived and buying the wrong variety that you would like. In nurseries, plums are most often sold on the so-called seed rootstocks - these are rootstock plants germinated from seeds, to which a scion is grafted - another plant. Thus, we get the same tree, which will then give us fruits. Trees grown from these seedlings begin to bear fruit early and abundantly.

It is also sometimes possible to purchase self-rooted seedlings, that is, those that are grown from root shoots or cuttings. They are good because in case of freezing of a tree, it can be restored, and it is also convenient to grow seedlings on their own.

It is best to choose plum seedlings that meet the following parameters:

Following this table, it will be more convenient to choose the right plum seedlings.

Conditions for growing plums

A plum tree after planting grows for about 7 years - at this time it bears fruit weakly. Then, at 12-15 years old, the most fruitful period begins, when the plant will annually delight you with a huge amount of juicy plums. Then the tree begins to age, and gradually the yield decreases. These are average figures, which largely depend on the plant variety. Before purchasing seedlings, it is necessary to create optimal conditions for the existence of the plum - the rate of growth and development of the tree, the beginning of the fruiting period and productivity will largely depend on this.

Plum is a light-loving plant, so find a well-lit and sunny place on your site. If it is slightly shaded in the morning or evening - it's okay, it will not harm the plum.

You should not plant a tree in a lowland - in spring or autumn, cold air can accumulate there, which is detrimental to the plant. It is good if the plum grows in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe fence or house, where it will be protected from the winds.

The ideal place for plum growth is in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe fence or house

Humidity is also a significant factor when growing plums. It does not tolerate drought well, but you should not plant it where the soil water stagnates. The soil should have good drainage and a pH in the region of 6.5-7.2.

You can not plant a plum near other trees - they will deprive it of the necessary amount of moisture

Plum planting in autumn

Plums are planted both in spring, starting from mid-April, and in autumn until mid-October. The main thing is that at least 25 days remain before the first frosts. The technology for planting plums in the fall is as follows:

Everything, the plum is planted.

When tying the plant, do not use wire - it can damage the bark of the tree.

Video - How to plant a plum

Video - We plant a plum

Taking care of the plum

Pruning of a plum tree is carried out annually, starting from the first year of life - thanks to this procedure, a neat and beautiful crown is formed. Old branches are also cut off - this is a healing pruning, which is done in April as needed.

In a fruit-bearing tree, it is important to thin out the fruits by removing part of them. The remaining plums will be bigger, tastier and juicier.

Since the plum is a heat-loving plant, it must be well prepared for wintering. To do this, the plant is fed, and the soil around it is well compacted. The tree trunk should be whitewashed with lime mortar both in autumn and in winter - this will help it to more easily endure temperature changes and weather variability in the spring and autumn. Lime mortar is prepared as follows: 3 kg of freshly slaked lime is mixed with 2 kg of clay and diluted in a bucket of water. It also saves well from frost and watering the plant. To protect the plum from birds that can peck at the buds, it is covered with a net for the winter.

It is not worth fertilizing the plum for the first 2-3 years - the fertilizers applied during planting will be enough for it. But then you should regularly introduce into the soil around the trunk both organic matter and mineral fertilizers. In spring, nitrogen-containing complexes can be added to the soil; from the middle of the season, nitrogen-potassium and potassium-phosphorus top dressings are introduced. Before wintering, you can add a little organic matter and potassium-phosphorus fertilizers.

The earth around the trunk is periodically loosened and weeds are removed. It is also important to periodically remove root shoots, about 4-5 times during the summer. It appears at a distance of up to 3 meters from the mother tree. It is necessary to remove it, as the growth weakens the adult tree and reduces productivity. The procedure is simple: the soil is dug up to the place where the process is connected to the main root, and it is torn off. If the growth is removed in this way, then it will grow less often and more slowly.

Video - Preparing young trees for winter

You can plant a plum tree both in autumn and in spring. But very often, during the autumn planting, plum seedlings do not have time to take root well and get stronger, which is why they freeze out in winter. Let's deal with the question - how to plant a plum and how to fertilize it.

Plum prefers clay and medium clay, that is, heavy, moist soils. Of fruit crops, it best tolerates high soil moisture.

Plum develops well and gives a large yield on soils with a sufficient content of Ca (calcium), and on acid soils it becomes ill, languishes, and reduces yield. Therefore, when planting seedlings of plums, 300 g of lime is added to each pit - fluff (instruction), or dolomite flour, or chalk, or wood ash.

Types of plums

These mineral fertilizers can be replaced with 2 cups of nitrophoska. The main thing is not to forget to add 300 g of lime - fluff, or dolomite flour, or wood ash. Everything is mixed well and, if there is not enough soil mixture for the pit, ordinary soddy soil is added.

The eggshells accumulated over the winter are thrown to the bottom of the pit - this is very useful for plums. Then the entire soil mixture, well mixed with fertilizers, is laid in the pit, after which it is well watered. If the pit is not filled to the top, add earth and water again.

When planting, it is necessary to ensure that the root neck of the plum is at the level of the soil or slightly higher. Sprinkling the straightened roots with earth, watering and tamping are carried out at the same time. So that the water does not evaporate, after planting and watering, peat or sawdust is poured into the near-trunk circle.