We are planning a garden plot, an orchard and a lawn. Garden layout (36 photos) in combination with the general layout of the site. What can and cannot be planted nearby
Where to start building your garden? How to properly arrange trees and shrubs in the country?
The garden at all times was considered a wonderful decoration of any home. And one of the wonders of the world - the Hanging Gardens of Babylon - was a truly magnificent and unique creation. These gardens were maintained around the clock by several thousand slaves. Now gardens are planted mainly in order to provide themselves with berries and fruits for the winter. It is very important to properly plan the garden, because on small area I want to place as many different trees, shrubs, berries, etc. as possible on the land. The yield of fruit trees depends on various factors, and therefore, when placing trees on a site, it is necessary to take into account not only natural conditions, but also the biological characteristics of each type of fruit crop.
❧ The Mesopotamian king Gilgamesh of Uruk (early 3rd millennium BC) was famous for his gardens. The courtyards were shady and had many flower beds. Fruit trees in the gardens abounded with a variety of exotic varieties. Surrounded date palms pools were located. Bulls, lions, ostriches and monkeys were bred in enclosures in the far corners of the gardens.
So, for example, when placing trees in a garden plot, it must be remembered that different cultures have different requirements for light. Exists general rule for plant planning suburban area. Plant height should increase from south to north. In other words, in the southernmost part of the site you need to plant vegetable crops and strawberries, and in the north - apple and pear trees. In the middle of the site, medium-sized breeds are placed, such as cherry, plum, as well as a variety of berry bushes.
In addition, when planting various fruit crops in your summer cottage, you should pay attention to the fact that in the future, when the trees grow, they do not shade neighboring garden plots. When planting trees on the site, follow certain rules - for example, the distance from the trees to the boundaries of the site should be at least 3 m. And at a distance of 1 m from the border (fence), you can plant several bushes of raspberries, currants or gooseberries. These cultures feel good even with partial shading.
Among other things, you need to place plantings on the site in such a way that they do not interfere with the movement of air. If the area is too densely forested, then this will interfere with the outflow of cold air, which in turn will lead to difficult wintering conditions for trees. It often happens that in densely planted areas, trees and shrubs die from frost even in not the most frosty winters.
There are two main styles of garden planning: regular (or geometric) and landscape (or natural).
With regular garden planning, plantings are placed symmetrically with respect to the main axis of the composition, while the straightness of rows and paths is also observed, and the same distances between trees of the same species are maintained. In this case, you can choose a scheme for planting fruit trees, both square and rectangular, or even place trees in a checkerboard pattern on the site. Trees planted in a checkerboard pattern make good use of solar lighting. If the site is located on a slope, then the f direction of the rows should be done across the slope. The square scheme is suitable for areas that have a square or almost square shape. Rectangular placement is suitable for areas that have an oblong configuration. There is also a variation of the rectangular scheme. It is characterized by wide-row dense planting, and in contrast to the rectangular scheme, trees are planted more densely in rows, but a fairly large space is left between rows.
If you prefer natural style when the plants grow as they wish, then the second style of planting is suitable for you - landscape. Using this scheme, you can place plantings on your site in any way you want. Trees and plants arranged in a free-style yard make the yard more inviting. In addition, the use of landscape style provides for the widespread use of a variety of ornamental plants. landscape style very well suited for those areas that have natural bumps, small slopes and depressions, etc. All these features of the relief can be used to create an interesting landscape composition in your garden.
Thinking about what fruit trees you will plant on your site, you should pay special attention to the apple tree. In Russia, the apple tree is perhaps the main fruit crop, which is unpretentious to weather conditions and gives a rich harvest.
When choosing varieties of fruit trees, one should take into account the fact that a certain variety of any species can be grown on the site only on the condition that trees of other varieties grow in the neighborhood at a distance of no more than 50-70 m. Otherwise, pollination and fruit set will not occur in trees of the same variety.
When choosing berry crops, you can pay attention to berries such as garden strawberries, colloquially called strawberries, black, red and white currants, gooseberries, and raspberries. Strawberries are good because they reproduce easily and begin to bear fruit in the second year after planting. Currants, especially black currants, are very rich in vitamins, and therefore several bushes of this crop should grow in every garden plot. Raspberries also grow quite quickly, so if you want to get a crop of berries in the shortest possible time after breaking up the garden, then start with these crops. And if we talk about volumes (harvest), then the richest harvest is harvested from redcurrant and gooseberry bushes.
❧ Scientists have found that fruit trees that grew near heating mains develop faster and better, unlike trees of the same species and varieties that grow in other places. I wonder if it is possible to grow a garden that will produce a rich harvest in short term if you install a root heating system?
When planting a variety of berry crops on a garden plot, it should be remembered that they can be placed under trees only when the seedlings of fruit trees have just been planted and are still very small. As the trees grow, berry bushes should be removed from under them, as this makes pest and disease control more difficult. If any buildings are planned on the site, then it is better not to plant fruit trees or shrubs too close to the buildings. Over time, as crops grow, they can make it difficult to approach buildings, and even a low building will shade trees or shrubs, stunting their growth.
When planting fruit trees, pay attention to the fact that it is best to plant trees of each crop separately. This is necessary to optimize the control of pests and plant diseases. Since it sometimes happens that the timing of spraying trees of one species coincides with the fruiting time of other species. Considering that on the garden plot all work on the care of fruit trees is carried out manually, it is possible to leave the aisles not very wide.
When planning a garden on a personal plot, you should carefully consider all the points associated with planting fruit shrubs and especially trees, because the garden is laid once and for many years.
When planning a garden, consider the following:
❧ what species of fruit bushes and trees are suitable for a given climatic region;
❧ In order not to make a mistake with plant varieties, it is best to estimate their yield in advance. This will help determine the number of seedlings;
❧ wanting to get rich harvests, you need to take into account that the placement of trees nearby different varieties one ripening period will provide cross-pollination during the flowering period, which in turn will serve as a guarantee good harvest further;
❧ best to find out compatibility information different varieties fruit trees and shrubs, since the proximity of some crops can lead to a decrease in yield;
❧ in order to avoid problems with the placement of trees on the site, you can first create a planting scheme on the plan. Draw a site plan on paper, cut out circles of the desired diameter from another sheet of paper, which will indicate shrubs and fruit trees. So, for example, an adult apple tree of the Antonovka variety has a crown diameter of 3 m on average. This means that when planting apple trees of this variety, it is necessary to calculate at what distance fruit trees of other species or shrubs can be planted from them;
❧ It is useful to know that, as a rule, a very good microclimate is created on the southwestern side of any building, which is expressed in long-term illumination and protection from cold winds. And this means that temperature regime here it will be the most optimal for heat-loving plants;
❧ if in your area groundwater lies close to the soil surface, then use this circumstance to your advantage. In an area close to ground water you can plant shrubs or set up a garden on it;
❧ when planting a new garden in place of the old one, it is necessary to remember about crop rotation. If you plant a young apple tree in place of an uprooted one, then it will grow poorly.
The best option is to plan ahead for planting in the garden. But if, in addition to the garden, buildings are also planned on the site, then, of course, the garden should be laid out after they are completed. construction works. Otherwise, the equipment will crush the newly planted trees and raze the strawberry plantation to the ground.
Planning your summer cottage is very interesting, because you can come up with a bunch of all sorts of interesting solutions.
In order to beautifully and efficiently ennoble the territory, you need to have some knowledge.
Our article will help you step by step to complete the basic work and decorate your site.
Where to begin?
Before starting work, you need to make a plan. Reflect your site on it, sketch its shape, display all the buildings and be sure to take into account the terrain, streams can flow in such areas.
Consider also the location of your territory, whether your house is located in a lowland or on a hill. If the cottage is built under a mountain and streams enter the site, then its arrangement will take a lot of time and effort.
The layout of the territory implies dividing it into zones, this is a residential area, a recreation area, a garden and outbuildings. For each building, you need to allocate a specific place and set the area.
The residential area, that is, your house, should take up about 25% of the space of the entire territory, the toilet, bathhouse and barn should fit in 15-17% of the area.
The largest place on the site, as always, is reserved for the garden, which means that you can plant and grow berries, fruit trees, your favorite flowers, build an artificial reservoir, build a gazebo, in general, make the territory beautiful and ennobled.
The first thing that is built on the site is, of course, a house. Everyone builds it in a different place, someone in the center, someone likes the house to occupy the first line, right after the gate.
A gazebo or terrace is built near the house, closer to the garden, in order to enjoy fresh air and the scent of trees. The playground is also placed closer to the gazebo, it can be at its level or behind it.
The toilet, bathhouse and shed should take place closer to the fence. In this case, they will remain invisible on the site and will not take up space.
There is no single type of landscaping for a summer cottage, since everyone has different territories both in size and shape. The standard lot type is a square or rectangle.
On their territory, summer residents are very fond of creating rockeries from stones, plants and a reservoir.
Site planning is a creative and interesting process, but in order to make the cottage cozy and beautiful, it will not be out of place to look at some of the work of landscape designers.
We draw a diagram
After you have decided on the place of buildings on the territory, mark them on paper and sketch them. So, you will visually facilitate your work, and you will surely imagine what to place where, namely:
- Where the house will stand, from which side of the site the entrance will be.
- Place for outbuildings.
- Where will you put the gazebo and playground.
- Track direction.
- Place for flower beds and a pond.
- Communications.
Strictly observing the sequence of buildings, the main place on the site belongs to the house, then we build a garage, sheds, a bathhouse and a toilet.
Lastly, we choose a place for a gazebo, a barbecue area, a summer shower, etc. The garden and vegetable garden is given enough space, depending on what you plan to plant there.
Layout of the site depending on the size
Depending on how many acres the suburban area occupies, the location of the buildings should be designed.
If the plot is not more than 6 acres, then with proper zoning of the territory, you can build everything you need. A house on such a site will turn out no more than 20-25 square meters. m., parking - about 7 sq. m., garden - no more than 100 sq. m.
If your plot is large, from 12 to 15 acres, then this has a serious project on which you will have to work properly.
According to the standard plan, everything will be possible to build here, and even large objects, for example, the house here will be just huge, with a summer terrace and a spacious parking lot.
When developing a development plan for your site on your own, consider all the nuances regarding the construction and placement of summer cottages. Use a clear work plan and follow the advice of experienced craftsmen.
Photo of a successful layout of a summer cottage
orchard you need to plan slowly, having thought everything over well, since the future harvest will depend, among other things, on the right place. For the fruit garden, you need to allocate a bright open area. It is undesirable to lay an orchard in a lowland, where water will accumulate after bad weather or spring snowmelt.
Start bookmark orchard need with inspection and preparatory work, which include cleaning the site from old stumps, stones and other debris, digging all the land on the site and analyzing the soil. Soil analysis will show you what kind of fertilizer you should apply in the future. If you spill all the land in the area with water, this will provoke the growth of weeds for their subsequent removal.
The next step is the planning of the garden plot.
The following data can influence the location of the orchard:
- Location relative to the house (in front of the house, behind the house, on the side of the house)
- Regarding the cardinal points
- The presence of other garden areas on your site - flower beds, beds, ponds, lawn, etc.
Before you break orchard, you also need to decide which breeds and varieties will grow in it. Many trees reach maturity only after 7-10 years. In this case, the harvest will have to wait a long time. In case you don’t want to wait, and you want to get a crop next year, you can plant large-sized ones.
Large sizes - These are mature trees, aged 4 to 7 years, around the root system of which an earthen clod is formed. When transplanting such trees, as a rule, special equipment is used.
When choosing tree species, one must remember that many species do not like neighborhoods and inhibit each other's growth. In addition, different trees in the orchard have completely different preferences for light and soil. It is advisable to consult with a specialist, or study the relevant literature.
Moreover, each culture has its own structural features of the root system. For example, in an apple tree, the roots can grow up to 10 m in width, and up to 6 m deep. The pear root system, on the contrary, grows deeper - up to 10 m, and in breadth - up to 6 m.
If the soil in your garden is heavy, the tree will not be able to take root deeply. Such a tree is likely to be weak.
Certainly, ideal conditions in our orchards for each tree is difficult to find. But still, the basic rules for planting trees will help you set up a healthy orchard that pleases with its harvest. In order for a tree not only to grow, but to bear fruit and be strong, it is necessary to provide it with an optimal layer of fertile soil, which will be the source of the necessary moisture and nutrition.
When planting large-sized plants, your dream of turning the site into a blooming orchard quickly turns into reality. In addition, the root system of such trees is already practically formed, and they can be transplanted without fear.
Modern technology allows you to transplant mature trees ( fruit large-sized) without much problem.
Trees prepared for transplantation should naturally be healthy and not damaged. Trees that have a hollow are not suitable for transplanting.
The crown of a large-sized fruit must be significantly thinned out (remove some skeletal branches by about 1/3 of their length) in order to avoid moisture evaporation. Cover the wounds formed after pruning with garden pitch.
The soil ball should be cubic or cylindrical.
The pit is prepared in advance (1-2 weeks in advance). Its dimensions should exceed the earthen clod (twice in height, and three times in width).
The bottom is being prepared - a mixture of expanded clay is poured, then humus, sand, peat and black soil. The percentage composition of this mixture depends on the type of wood.
After planting the large-sized plant, all the free space in the pit is covered with good fertile soil. Then, it is slightly compacted.
And, of course, well watered. Moreover, an irrigation system (aeration tube or root watering) is provided.
Additional reinforcement with guy wires will help stabilize the transplanted tree.
It is necessary to choose young plants (1-2 years). So they get along better. The root system in older seedlings is easier to damage.
Orchard seedlings usually planted in autumn or spring at rest (when vegetative processes are slowed down).
When planting seedlings, a hole is dug in advance (approximately 80x80 cm) and filled fertile soil. The soil from the depth of the pit can be distributed along the trunk circle. If the seedling is planted immediately after digging a hole, the soil at the bottom must be compacted - tamped with feet and poured with 1-2 buckets of water.
Also, organic fertilizers (compost, manure) are introduced into the planting pit, and mineral fertilizers. The amount of fertilizer for each tree species is different. It is better not to add mineral fertilizers directly to the roots of the plant. Only the ground from the top layer.
Landing seedlings for orchard broken branches must be removed. The roots are trimmed (to a healthy part) only if they are damaged.
A healthy seedling should have a well-branched root system. If the roots have dried out along the way, they can be placed in water for about 12-24 hours. Immediately before planting, it is advisable to dip the roots in a clay mash.
If planting is not possible within a few days, the seedling should be wrapped with a damp cloth and several layers of newspaper.
Leaves, in order to avoid evaporation of moisture, it is better to carefully remove.
When planting, it is desirable to take into account the position of the seedling relative to the cardinal points. For 1-2 years, while they were growing in the nursery, they adapted to certain light conditions. The south side of the stem of the seedling can be distinguished by its darker brown coloration. More bright side- northern.
Do not bury the root neck! It should be at ground level. After planting, the soil near the trunk circle is mulched, and the seedling itself is tied to a peg (not tight, with a figure eight).
Main orchard seedlings- these are pears, cherries and plums.
The garden is usually perceived only as a source of fresh vegetables and herbs. Meanwhile, green beds can become important element garden design. In addition, a reasonable layout of the garden, taking into account the needs of plants, helps to get an excellent harvest.
The main principles of garden planning
1. Maximum light
Most vegetables are photophilous. It is better to choose a well-lit and evenly lit area for the garden. For example, tomatoes reduce yields even if they are in the shade for about 2 to 3 hours a day. So that both sides are heated evenly, the beds are oriented from north to south.
2. Calculate your strength.
Take as much space for the garden as you can - and want! - handle. If you are in the country only on weekends and then not every time, it hardly makes sense to plan a large garden and strive to plant as many crops as possible.
3. Wide beds are not always good.
layout personal plot usually begins with the marking of beds for vegetables. Traditionally, in our gardens, the beds are made 100-120 cm wide. This saves the usable area of the garden, but makes it difficult to care for plantings: it is not always convenient to stretch. 70 cm wide beds are much easier to care for. For the elderly, not only narrow, but also raised beds are convenient, over which you do not need to bend down. High beds are increasingly dressed in a frame made of boards, or ready-made ones are used, in which they fall asleep fertile land. In this case, both water and fertilizers are used by plants more rationally.
4. Do not get carried away with complex-shaped beds
This makes it difficult to care for and worsens the conditions for plants, since the earth dries out faster in the corners, so the plants may not develop evenly.
5. Passages between beds should not be the same width.
For normal care, a distance of 40 cm is sufficient; For high beds add 20 - 35 cm due to the presence of walls. If the garden is large, you need a through path for walking and walking, you can also make a platform for recreation. However, before proceeding with the formation of beds, think about how to lay a path. They should be wide enough, lead to all corners of the garden, it should be convenient not only to walk on them, but also to carry a cart.
6. Don't be afraid to combine cultures.
especially compatible with each other. Combination on the same bed different forms foliage, color shades and plant height looks much more attractive than monotonous rows of plantings.
Beautiful garden.
The basic principles of garden design are quite applicable to the garden, because voluminous decorative compositions can be created from almost any plant.
Tall plants are suitable for a single planting and creating a background: sunflower, corn, dill, amaranth, Jerusalem artichoke, lovage, rhubarb, tall tomatoes. Sorrel and horseradish will find their place under the rhubarb, mint, oregano, perennial onions, borage and spicy herbs will complement and decorate it with flowers and umbrellas.
Draw a garden plan
The main problems in planning a garden and a personal plot are the need to observe crop rotation and different needs for vegetables. Suppose a family needs one bed of radishes, a third of lettuce, and as many as three cucumbers. The next year, all the same things will have to be planted in a completely different way. On the one hand, this is a plus, since the picture looks different every time. On the other hand, it's a headache, as this puzzle has to be solved year after year. To see if all the desired volume of vegetables will fit in the beds or if some positions will have to be reduced, draw a garden plan.
Divide the area into squares, rectangles, triangles. In nature, their size should be such that you can reach the middle of the bed with your hand. Estimate how many sections for which crop you need (for example, zucchini - 4, radish - 2, etc.).
Then cut out the required amount from a sheet of paper and sign the names of the crop, its height and color. And then move these pieces of paper according to the plan of the garden, changing their places in accordance with the crop rotation plans.
Not tall plants place closer to the front edge, medium ones behind them, high ones in the background as accents. Insufficient height of vegetable plants can be compensated by the use of raised beds. Naturally, they have a ladder, the lowest ones are closer to the observer. Do not forget about lighting - this is very important when planning a garden: tall plants should not obscure low ones.
What can and cannot be planted.
There are garden crops that cannot grow and develop side by side due to the mutual intolerance of root and ether secretions. But there are also plants capable of "mutual assistance": planted in the neighborhood, they favorably influence each other. This must be taken into account when planning a personal plot.
Dislikes neighborhoods:
- tomatoes and kohlrabi;
- cucumbers and cabbage;
- onions (onions and garlic) and potatoes, cabbage, legumes, beets;
- legumes and nightshade (tomatoes, peppers).
They grow well next to each other.
Inexperienced summer residents, having planted their own garden, often complain that it does not have the abundance of fruits that they expected. And they begin to cut down trees, replacing them with cutting-edge seedlings. But in 90% of cases, people themselves are to blame for poor fruiting! Probably, the planting was carried out randomly, according to the principle “the more the better”, there was no garden layout, and here is the result - useless diseased trees.
Video: how to properly plan a summer cottage
Creating a garden, like creating a house, begins with design. Remember how a building design is chosen: they study the climate, the terrain, the availability of free space, family members, etc. And only taking into account all factors allows you to create the most comfortable and warm house.
Where does the garden begin?
The garden also begins with the study of the land on which the plants will live, and the climate, which directly affects the number of fruits. If the soil is too clayey or one sand, it is necessary to enrich it with black soil, peat and other useful components on which the nutrition of the roots will depend.
In the climate, the main factor that destroys fruiting are frosty winters, late spring frosts and excess moisture. Therefore, it is necessary to select an assortment of trees based on the climatic conditions of a particular area.
Choosing trees
Apple, pear, cherry plum and locally selected cherries are the most temperature-resistant trees. They adapt in almost any area and bear fruit, if not annually, then in a year.
Southern guests - apricot, peach - are afraid of wet springs, because early flowering at high humidity does not end with pollination. Pollen, along with moisture, settles to the ground. Dangerous and spring frosts, which just fall on the apricot blossom.
Cherry absolutely does not tolerate nearby groundwater, and if reclamation is not carried out, then in a couple of years it will wither away. Raw spring also leaves its mark: the fruits crack and rot, not yet ripe.
Therefore, when choosing an assortment of trees, consider their future performance. Is it necessary to allocate precious meters on five to six acres for trees that can bear fruit once every six years (under optimal weather conditions!). Wouldn't it be better to go to the nearest supermarket and buy a couple of kilograms of apricots or peaches, which will not be very expensive in season, and plant only those plants in the garden that will provide seven vitamins in winter?
Making markup
To decide how many trees to plant and how to do it correctly, you need to draw on paper all the buildings available and planned on the site: a house, a bathhouse, a gazebo, a fence, electric poles with wires (if any) and old trees that you do not plan to uproot.
Garden on a small summer cottage
Why is this needed? Each object that rises above the ground casts a shadow that affects the development of nearby plants. Trees, bushes, garden plants will begin to stretch into the zone of constant illumination, spending their strength not on planting fruits, but on the struggle for light. This will continue until the top is above the barrier. And since it is not always possible for trees to outgrow a house or a bathhouse, you will not expect fruits even after 10 years. Therefore, on your plan, mark the height of each building, as well as the cardinal points, with a number. Shadows will be located from the west and east of the objects, narrowing towards the south. Draw with strokes the places where there will be a shadow for more than half a day. This distance is equal to half the height of your buildings.
Everything that turned out to be shaded on paper is not suitable for the garden. There you can lay paths, arrange flower beds, break up a lawn, a pond, etc. In order for the trees to yield a crop, the shade zone is excluded from the plan of the future garden.
We plant plants
First decide how many trees and shrubs you plan to plant. If you don’t want to cut pears, apple trees, then you can “seat” a maximum of 7 trees per hundred square meters. Why not thicker? Because as they grow, they will begin to cast a shadow, interfering with each other in normal development.
If pruning is still planned, then the number of trunks can be increased to 15 (per hundred square meters). The most "advanced" summer residents should spend money on columnar forms of trees, which are planted at intervals of a meter.
Layout option for a rectangular plot with a garden and a vegetable garden
It should be noted!
Pruning reduces the number of fruits only in cherries and apricots, because they are located throughout the branch. They are not customary to cut. The rest of the trees are in dire need of pruning. The fruits from this will become larger, the extra branches will not take the light. It is best to keep the trees at a size of about 2 meters, forming a crown like a ball or a flat wall (if planting trees near the fence).
Trees are planted after four meters if it is planned to restrain their growth in the region of 2 m in the form of a ball, and after three meters if planted with a wall. The distance between shrubs (currants, gooseberries, etc.) is 1.5 m.
Rows should run from south to north. So the plants will cast less shade, and shade-tolerant crops can be planted between the rows.
Garden layout
The modern layout of the garden and vegetable garden has ceased to be strictly rectangular. And all because it is inconvenient to bend around right corners when moving with a wheelbarrow. That's why garden paths and garden beds mark out in such a way that it is convenient to walk with inventory. Interesting examples garden and vegetable garden layouts can be peeped from other summer residents, on the Internet or specialized directories.
But there are general laws that should be followed so that a minimum of beds gives a maximum yield.
Those owners who did not suffer with the layout suffer with the cultivation of garden crops. Having thoroughly puffed once, planning a garden and a vegetable garden, you will save yourself from unnecessary work.
