Pepper multi-colored vegetable
It's green, yellow, red
And orange
And different sizes and shapes.

What suits - choose

Sweet, or as we most often call it, bell pepper "won" the love of domestic gardeners in the eighties of the last century. At that time, it was difficult to get not only imported seeds, but even domestic ones.

Pepper variety "Gogoshary"

Gardeners who dreamed of growing sweet peppers on their plots in a greenhouse or hotbed bought bell peppers and took out seeds from it, trying to germinate and grow seedlings. If there was an opportunity, then seeds or fruits of sweet pepper of the Gogoshary variety, which was grown in Moldova, were bought on the market.

Over time, such varieties of sweet pepper for greenhouses and greenhouses as “Swallow”, “Health”, “Gift of Moldova”, “California Miracle”, “Mirage” and “Winnie the Pooh” began to appear on the shelves of stores.

Then new varieties of sweet peppers appeared, such as "Pygmalion", "Star of the East", large-fruited and thick-walled "Juliet", "Romeo" and many others. However, over time it turned out that the fruits of these varieties and hybrids can only be processed fully ripe.

To date, a great variety of various different varieties sweet pepper, which plunges into a state of confusion not only novice gardeners, but even experienced gardeners. (See also Growing bell pepper) Varieties of sweet pepper for growing in open ground, greenhouse or greenhouse today have not only the most diverse color, but also a different shape. So how do you choose the most suitable varieties sweet peppers for the greenhouse?

What are the varieties of sweet pepper

Pepper varieties are amazingly diverse, but you need to choose them based only on the climatic conditions of your region.

Conventionally, all varieties of sweet pepper for greenhouses and open ground are divided according to ripening time into:

• ultra-early (less than 100 days pass from the moment of germination to fruit ripening to technical maturity);
• early (101-120 days);
• medium early (120-135 days);
• late (136-150 days);
• very late (more than 150 days).

Sweet peppers are also subdivided according to the height of the bush:

• undersized (up to 50 cm);
• medium height (up to 100cm);
• tall (150-200cm).

If you plan to grow bell peppers without a greenhouse and a greenhouse, on an ordinary garden bed, then such varieties as Slastena, Kazachok, Hercules and other varieties are suitable for you.

Such varieties of bell pepper as "Accord", "Alyosha Popovich", "Freckle", "Dolphin", "Dawn", "Hedgehog" and "Violet" are quite resistant to sudden temperature changes.

In order for the sweet pepper in the greenhouse not only to grow, but also to ripen, it is better to choose undersized, early ripening varieties or hybrids, such as Bianka, Eroshka, Yunga, Turquoise, Venti, Victoria, " Hercules", "Gullible", "Flamingo", "Golden Jubilee" and others. All of them should not only be early ripening, but also be resistant to low temperatures and various diseases.

Pepper variety "Yunga"

If you have a good glazed or polycarbonate greenhouse with warm beds or the possibility of heating, then you can grow almost any variety of sweet pepper for the greenhouse, even tall, thick-walled large-fruited hybrids late deadline maturation.

Such varieties of early and medium ripening "Ilya Muromets", "Orange Miracle F1", "Player", "Green Miracle", "Karapuz" showed themselves well in unheated greenhouses.

What kind of pepper to choose?

There are now a great many varieties of pepper, and each gardener chooses the ones he likes best in color or shape.

Many gardeners, when buying seeds, think about whether it is worth planting different varieties of sweet pepper for greenhouses or planting one single one.

It all depends on the needs of your family and how much you love this culture. If you want to please yourself with juicy and tasty peppers throughout the summer and until mid-autumn, and save a dozen jars of various pickles and marinades with bell pepper for the winter, then it is better to choose several varieties of different ripening periods and different in height, color and shape .

No matter which greenhouse bell pepper variety you choose to grow, there are general rules and recommendations for growing pepper seedlings and subsequent plant care.

How to grow sweet pepper seedlings

Growing sweet pepper in a greenhouse begins with the preparation and sowing of seeds for seedlings. This vegetable crop in our conditions can only be obtained seedling way. Let's, in general terms, consider all the stages of growing sweet pepper intended for planting in closed ground.

Preparation and sowing of sweet pepper seeds

It should be immediately noted that the seeds of sweet pepper have a maximum germination capacity only in the first year after harvest. With each subsequent year of storage, the percentage of germination decreases significantly.

Seeds of bell pepper are sown for seedlings, as a rule, in late February, early March. This is due to the fact that the seeds of this vegetable crop germinate for a rather long time: from a week to one month.

Before sowing seeds in the ground, you need to carry out several preparatory work:

• Be sure to disinfect the seeds in a 1% solution of potassium permanganate (in a pink solution of ordinary potassium permanganate) for 20-30 minutes, then rinse with clean water.

Tip: before disinfecting the seeds, you can select the strongest ones. To do this, dilute 2-3 tbsp. tablespoons of ordinary table salt in a liter of warm, room temperature water.

We lower the seeds into the solution and, after mixing, leave it in it for 5-10 minutes. Weak and damaged seeds will float, while strong ones will sink to the bottom. The seeds floating on the surface of the solution are discarded, and those that are at the bottom are washed and dried on clean paper.

• It is optional, but desirable, to soak the seeds of sweet pepper, for a day, in a solution of wood ash or humic acids, or in any stimulant preparation.
• After soaking, rinse again with clean water and leave to “peck” on a saucer, covering with clean, damp gauze. Make sure the fabric is always kept moist.
• After the seeds have hatched, they are immediately sown in containers or pots prepared in advance, with well-moistened soil. The planting depth should not exceed 10 mm.
• Containers with planted seeds are covered with glass or plastic wrap, you can use ordinary packing bags, and put in a warm place, for example, to central heating batteries.

Important: pepper seeds germinate at a temperature environment above +200 C. The most favorable temperature is +250 C.

Growing seedlings

As soon as shoots appear in the containers, they are rearranged into the light, gradually removing the polyethylene in order to "accustom" the plants to new conditions.

When caring for sweet pepper seedlings, you must:

• water the seedlings in a timely and regular manner;

• feed seedlings of peppers with liquid complex fertilizer 12-14 days after germination;
• when the first pair of true leaves appears, pick the plants into individual containers or pots;

Sweet pepper seedlings are considered ready for planting in a greenhouse or hotbed at the age of 60 days and provided that the plants have formed 16-17 true leaves.

Planting seedlings in a greenhouse or greenhouse

In the conditions of the middle lane, sweet pepper seedlings are planted in unheated greenhouses in mid-May, having previously prepared the soil and created an additional shelter system in case of low night temperatures and return frosts.

It is important that the soil in the greenhouse warms up to +180 C, is saturated with organic and mineral fertilizers and well hydrated, since sweet peppers can be grown in a greenhouse only when the necessary microclimate is created for the plants.

Important: when preparing the soil in a greenhouse for seedlings of peppers, 1-2 buckets of rotted mullein or compost, 30 g of potassium chloride, 40 g ammonium nitrate and 60 g of superphosphate. After applying organic and mineral fertilizers, the soil must be dug up.

Sweet pepper planting scheme

The scheme for planting sweet (vegetable) peppers in a greenhouse depends on the size of the bush of the selected variety. Plants that are tall are planted at the rate of 4-5 plants per 1 m 2. In this case, the distance between seedlings should be at least 40 cm, and between rows, at least 70 cm.

Plants of undersized varieties are planted more often, at the rate of 6 plants per 1 m2, with a distance between them of 30-35 cm. The width between rows is maintained at 70 cm.

Important: when planting, pepper seedlings should not be buried, since side roots do not form in it. In case of deepening, the plant may rot in the area of ​​​​the root collar and die.

When planting seedlings on permanent place it is necessary to transplant plants very carefully, together with an earthen clod. Pepper is very difficult to tolerate damage to the root system and can recover for a long time after transplantation.

After the sweet pepper seedlings have been planted, they must be well shed (see How to water pepper in a greenhouse correctly).

Additional shelters

As already mentioned, pepper is planted in greenhouses at a time when there is a threat of return frosts and negative night temperatures. That is why it is so important to provide for the possibility of additional shelter.

To create such a shelter, you can install arcs and cover them with a thick film or special non-woven material. On warm days, such a covering material rolls up, and at night it falls back onto the arcs. Completely additional shelter is removed after the threat of returning frosts has completely disappeared.

Features of further care

It often happens that the seedlings turned out to be successful, and even in the greenhouse the plants took root remarkably and bloomed profusely, but the ovaries, and even more so the fruits, did not form, and the gardeners have a question: what was done wrong? Since growing sweet peppers in a greenhouse and getting good harvest?

Consider the main features of growing sweet (Bulgarian) peppers in a greenhouse:

• Pepper is a moisture-loving plant. If it does not have enough moisture, then the plant develops poorly and discards the ovaries. However, this culture does not tolerate waterlogging, it immediately starts to hurt. Watering peppers should be regular and carried out only under the root and only with warm, settled water.
• For sweet peppers, not only soil moisture is important, but also air humidity. To maintain a normal level of humidity, you can spill the paths or water the glass of the greenhouse. With low humidity levels in the greenhouse, peppers can shed flowers and ovaries.
• Modern varieties of sweet pepper are intensive hybrids. For the normal formation of ovaries and the maturation of a bountiful harvest, they need fairly frequent top dressing. To this end, with each watering, you can add an infusion of mullein or herbs, the so-called "herbal tea".

Tip: When the peppers are in bloom, they can be sprayed every two weeks with a solution of honey and water. For this purpose, half a teaspoon of honey is diluted in 1 liter of water. It turns out at the same time attracting pollinating insects to the greenhouse and foliar top dressing.

• The root system of pepper needs air. If, due to the compaction of the topsoil, the amount of air entering the roots is reduced, the plant slows down its growth, and the crop suffers significantly.

Loosening the soil under peppers is quite dangerous, since their root system is superficial and easy to damage. For this crop, it is preferable to use mulching of the soil around the trunk with sawdust, mowed grass, humus or straw. The layer of mulch should be at least 3 cm.

• For sweet peppers, lighting plays an important role. In order for each plant to receive the amount of light it needs, bushes need to be formed. As a rule, on plants after 8-10 leaves, depending on the variety, several side shoots appear.

The two strongest shoots are left, and the rest are pinched.

It is important to periodically remove all stepchildren from the plant, as well as all leaves and shoots, flowers and ovaries that are located below the main branching of the stem.

• Pepper plant is quite fragile, its stems and branches can easily break off.

To prevent this from happening, the plant must be tied up. This applies not only to tall plants. The branches of undersized plants can break under the weight of the fruit, and the trunk itself, with a large number of ovaries, can break.

parnik-teplitsa.ru

Undoubtedly, eating vegetables is a great way to provide your body with positive micronutrients. Pepper is one of the most healthy vegetables and it is not for nothing that they say that it actually contains the entire periodic table (naturally, we are talking about positive elements).

This gift of nature in the summer costs literally a penny - kilograms of pepper are sold at bargain prices. But in winter, when there is a catastrophic lack of vitamins, it is almost impossible to find pepper, or the price for it increases almost tenfold.

In this article, we will look at how to grow sweet peppers in a greenhouse in order to get the necessary vitamins. all year round. And for clarity, the material will be illustrated with photographs, which will help you understand the basic principles of obtaining a quality crop.

First of all - choose a variety!

Before telling how to grow pepper in a greenhouse, you need to study in detail the different varieties of this vegetable and choose the best one for your climatic conditions.

The main distinguishing features of pepper

All varieties are:

• fruit size;
• form;
• color.

In particular, if we talk directly about the form, then it can be as follows:

• conical;
• curved;
• cuboid;
• globular;
• prismatic.

The weight and length of the fruits also differ. So, the weight can vary from a few to two hundred grams, and the length - from one to thirty centimeters.

The color of the fruit, of course, largely depends not only on the variety, but also on the degree of ripening of the pepper:

• light green;
• yellow;
• red;
• brown;
• orange;
• purple, etc.

The most popular varieties of pepper

Talking about how to grow sweet peppers in a greenhouse, it is necessary to briefly describe the most popular and productive varieties of this vegetable.

Gardeners and gardeners prefer the following varieties:

1. California Miracle:
   1. fruits are large, bright red color.
2. Night:
   1. hybrid variety;
   2. mid-season;
   3. fruits of a bright red color, shape - a truncated pyramid.
3. Orange miracle:
   1. hybrid variety;
   2. early ripe;
   3. the fruits are bright yellow in color, the shape is cuboid.
4. Negotiator:
   1. hybrid variety;
   2. early ripe;
   3. fruits of red color, shape - prism.
5. Alyonushka:
   1. hybrid variety;
   2. medium early maturation;
   3. the color of the fruit is red, the shape is a truncated pyramid.
6. Tenderness:
   1. early ripe variety;
   2. color - red, shape - truncated pyramid;
   3. pulp is tender.
7. Pinocchio:
   1. hybrid variety;
   2. early ripe;
   3. color - red, shape - conical;
   4. fruits are ribbed.
8. Winnie the Pooh:
   1. early ripe variety;
   2. fruits are cone-shaped, slightly shortened;
   3. color is bright red.
9. Martin:
   1. variety of medium early ripening;
   2. the color of the fruit is red, the shape is cone-shaped.

The above varieties are characterized by high yields, resistance to certain diseases, and therefore are successfully used when growing pepper in a year-round greenhouse.

Features of planting and care

To get a quality crop, you need to know all the subtleties of how to grow bell peppers in a greenhouse.

In particular, it is about proper preparation seeds, which includes three stages:

• carry out disinfection- place the selected planting material in a one percent solution of potassium permanganate and hold for 30 minutes, then rinse with clean, warm water;
• planting material is recommended to be treated with a growth stimulator, which you can buy in a garden store;
• since pepper quite often affects the fungus, it is recommended to process them "Immunophytom".

Sowing and optimum temperature

After you have processed the planting material, you can start sowing it. Everyone who knows how to grow peppers in a greenhouse has prepared pots for this in advance.

You can use any container:

• plastic pots;
• ceramic pots;
• metal boxes;
• wooden crates, etc.

Instructions on how to sow seeds implies the following procedure:

• sowing depth fluctuates from 5 to 12 millimeters;
• optimum temperature for seed germination 25 to 30 degrees on the Celsius scale.

Usually seedlings germinate already on the fourth day after sowing, after which it is recommended to lower the temperature. up to 16-18 degrees and keep it up for seven days.

Advice. Lowering the temperature is essential. This will prevent active growth of the stem and leaves.

After a week of coolness, the temperature is raised again - up to 22-28 degrees on the Celsius scale.

How to feed

If you want to not only learn how to grow bell peppers in a greenhouse with your own hands, but also really get a quality crop, pay special attention to plant nutrition.

It is necessary to start top dressing after three full leaves appear on the sprouts.

The composition of the nutrient mixture is as follows:

• ten liters clean, not cold water;
• 125 grams of superphosphate;
• 50 grams of urea;
• 30 grams of potassium salt.

All ingredients are mixed well, after which the plants are watered. In conclusion, all plants must be watered with clean water.

Advice. After the appearance of two or three leaves, it is also important to ensure good illumination of the pepper. It is necessary to illuminate the plants for about twelve hours a day, it is desirable that the blue spectrum prevails in the light.

The second feeding is carried out with the same composition, but after the plants have four leaves. It is especially important to provide good nutrition after the seedlings have about seven to eight leaves, since it is during this period that future fruits are formed.

Seedling hardening

Those who know how to grow peppers and eggplants in a greenhouse are convinced of the need to carry out a full-fledged hardening of seedlings, which must be done two weeks before planting plants in a greenhouse. To do this, pots with grown seedlings should be taken out to the balcony or terrace, removing them indoors at night.

Advice. The day before planting seedlings in garden greenhouse it is recommended to spray all plants "Elina"- a special solution, which includes growth stimulants of natural origin. This will strengthen the root system and the resistance of pepper to various adverse conditions.

Transplanting

Many who are interested in how to properly grow peppers in a greenhouse will definitely find out detailed information on how to properly plant seedlings in a greenhouse.

This procedure involves the following procedure:

• planting seedlings in a greenhouse must be carried out after each stem has at least twelve leaves;
• in such plants, the stem is already quite dense, and its height reaches up to twenty-five centimeters;
• soil temperature should be about 15 degrees;
• the age of the seedlings must exceed 55 days.

Do not forget to prepare the soil using fertilizers for this purpose:

• based on phosphorus - 40 grams per square meter of soil;
• based on potassium - 40 grams per square meter of soil;
• based on nitrogen - 30 grams per square meter.

Planting density is as follows:

• the distance for vigorous and hybrid varieties is about thirty-five centimeters;
• distance for medium-sized varieties - about twenty-five centimeters;
• the distance for undersized varieties is about fifteen centimeters.

Before planting seedlings, about two liters of water must be poured into each hole.

Features of care

There are certain rules for caring for peppers planted in a greenhouse. In particular, we are talking about the following:

• timely watering;
• no sudden temperature changes.

Advice. Remember that various pests often appear on greenhouse peppers, including aphids, spider mites and much more. To get rid of them, it is recommended to use karbofos.

Be sure to use tying if growing tall varieties or hybrids.

For this purpose, follow these steps:

• when forming a bush, choose two strong shoots;
• leave two shoots for collection;
• tie them to the trellis.

Pay attention to the fact that in order to ensure the quality development of the plant, it is extremely important to remove the lower buds.

In addition, the following are subject to regular removal:

• side shoots;
• side leaves;
• diseased leaves;
• shoots without fruit.

How to Avoid Bitterness in Peppers

A feature of pepper is that all its flowers are same-sex, and then this plant performs pollination on its own. However, if insects enter the greenhouse through an open window or door, so-called cross-pollination may occur, which should not be allowed. Especially if in one greenhouse it grows not only sweet, but also bitter varieties. In this case, you can get all the bitter fruits instead of sweet ones.

In conclusion

Now you know the features of growing sweet peppers in a greenhouse. By adhering to all the above recommendations, you can get a guaranteed quality harvest.

By the way, you can even experiment with the taste of fruits if you plant several varieties in one closed area and allow insects into the greenhouse, which will be cross-pollinated. But first, just master the cultivation of pepper, and only after that proceed with the experiments.

In the presented video in this article you will find Additional information on this topic.

oteplicah.com

Sweet pepper in the open field. Growing experience.

Hello dear friends!

Among the favorite vegetable crops of Nina Vladimirovna Gubanova, the oldest member of the Volzhanka gardening club, peppers have a special place. I hope that the observations that the experienced gardener systematized while growing sweet pepper outdoors, will be of interest to you and will assist you in growing this wonderful crop.

Why is sweet pepper bitter?

Sweet pepper is a self-pollinating plant. Like most nightshade crops, the pistil in the flower is located below the stamens, which causes self-pollination. In sharp varieties, the pistil protrudes above the stamens - in this type of pepper, cross-pollination of flowers.

However, sweet peppers are also prone to cross-pollination. Many gardeners observe confirmation of this by planting seedlings of sweet and bitter peppers, close to each other. The fruits of sweet pepper in this case are bitter. I was convinced of this in my own practice, and therefore I try not to plant seedlings of bitter and sweet peppers nearby.

About seedlings

The optimal age of seedlings is 55 - 65 days. It should be 20 - 30 centimeters high, have 10 - 15 true leaves and single buds. This is an important point in growing, since overgrown seedlings are sick for a long time, leaves often turn yellow and even fall off, as well as flowers and the first ovaries.

Why remove the first flowers?

If the seedlings have bloomed, it is better to remove the first flowers, otherwise few ovaries form on the bush, sometimes the seedlings transplanted into the soil do not bloom at all. This happens because in a small volume of soil (pot) the plant gives all its strength to the formation of flowers and ovaries. Having transplanted sweet pepper outdoors, You increase the area, but all the forces of the plant go to the formation of the underground part (roots), and not the above-ground organs.

In addition, the formation of fruits in peppers occurs in waves: the plant blooms - then forms fruits, rests and blooms again ... And so on until the plant is healthy.

If the fruits are on the plant until fully ripe, the crop is lost by 20-30%.

When harvesting fruits that have reached biological ripeness, the yield increases. By the way, green pepper contains 40% more vitamin C than ripe red pepper. Therefore, the harvest must be harvested more often, and let the fruits, having reached right size, ripen in the process of maturation.

When to plant seedlings

Seedlings are planted at a soil temperature of 10 - 12 degrees. At this time, the air temperature usually warms up to 14 - 15 degrees. If the planted plants remain at a temperature of 10 degrees for a long time, they turn into "stubborn", that is, they stop development: no care and feeding will make them grow. There is a process that I call "aging vascular system pepper." In this case, the plant for the whole season forms only one fruit or does not produce a crop at all.

About pollination

Pepper is a heat-loving plant, the optimum temperature for its growth and development is 25 - 26 degrees. At a temperature of more than 30 degrees, the pollen becomes sterile, pollination does not occur, the flowers fall off.

Pepper does not like waterlogging and overdrying of the soil. When waterlogged, plants often get sick, and when overdried, the fruits become bitter and their taste worsens.

Why do fruits fall

In the summer, when the temperature is kept within 30 - 35 degrees, and the relative humidity of the air drops sharply, there is a mass fall of buds, flowers and ovaries. This happens because the stamens and pistils dry out. No fertilization - fruits are not formed.

In the heat, water reserves in the soil are sharply reduced, and evaporation from the leaves increases. This leads to an imbalance - there is not enough moisture for the growth and development of plants. The flow of water begins and nutrients from generative organs (fruits) to growth points and leaves. In places of attachment of buds, ovaries, flowers, a separating layer of cells is formed, as a result of which the flow of water and nutrients to these organs is limited. That is why flowers and ovaries fall off.

In addition, the fall of flowers and ovaries causes shading of plants, it is especially dangerous when the air temperature drops: the influx of organic substances to flowers and fruits is sharply reduced, and the absorbing light activity of the plant is weakened.

The reason for the fall of buds, flowers and ovaries may be associated with irregular watering.

Blossom rot can be prevented

In some years, blossom end rot develops in peppers. This is the result of a lack of potassium and calcium in the soil. Timely feeding of plants with potassium sulfate and calcium nitrate will prevent the development of diseases. But you should not think that everything will work itself out if you observed the disease in the past year. Stock up this season necessary fertilizers and for prevention, introduce them into the soil in time.

About deep planting seedlings

I checked: additional roots are also formed when seedlings are deepened to cotyledon leaves. That is, deep planting allows plants to get additional nutrition from the soil. During the autumn harvesting of fruit-bearing plants, it is clear that a beautiful root lobe has formed on them. That's why I think: theory should be learned from books, and everything should be checked in your garden.

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See you!

ayatskov1.ru

Many summer residents know how to grow peppers. After all, this is a very popular culture. Pepper has long been popular in cooking and medicine. It contains many vitamins, and there is even more vitamin C in pepper than in lemon. However, not everyone knows how to grow a good pepper. In this article you will find useful information for growing peppers.

• It is better to plant seedlings in separate pots, since when diving, the root system of seedlings can be damaged, and it is poorly restored in peppers. It is better that these pots are made of peat or easily broken materials. You can also use bags of soil, in which you can easily adjust the amount of soil.
• Planting seedlings in open ground or a greenhouse must be done 50-60 days after sowing seedlings. If planting outdoors, peppers can be covered with a non-woven material (such as acrylic).
• Water the seedlings thoroughly before planting.
• Do not fertilize the soil under pepper manure right before planting. If you didn’t have time to do this in advance, it’s better to use compost.
• The distance between plants should be 30 cm, between rows - 60 cm.
• Planting depth should not exceed the first leaves, but the plant should not be planted so that the roots stick out, as they will die.
• The air temperature during disembarkation should not be very high, but the average temperature per day should be above 15°C.
• Peppers are quite demanding on soil moisture, they must be watered regularly, but little by little, so that soil rot does not appear. Watering should be in the morning, strictly under the root.
• When the soil dries out a little after watering, it must be loosened, but not deep, so as not to damage the root system (by 6-8 cm.).
• It is necessary to monitor the growth of the plant. After 3-4 lateral shoots appear, the 2 strongest are selected, the rest are pinched. This is necessary for the formation of a strong skeleton of the plant. After the shoots begin to branch, only 1 strong shoot is left on each branch, the rest are pinched.
• The first flower that appears is removed, this is done so that the plant has time to finally develop, and increases its yield.
• Peppers need to be fertilized every week. The first top dressing must be done 15 days after planting.
• Keep an eye on the health of the seedlings, when planting, you need to take only healthy plants, and of course, there should be no pests on the seedlings.

How to grow pepper seedlings

In different climatic zones, the time for planting peppers in the ground is different. Seedlings must be sown 50-60 days before planting in the soil. IN middle lane seedlings are usually sown in March. More early boarding seeds can lead to the formation of flimsy shoots due to lack of light.

Seeds can be sown both in a long tray, and in hotel pots or in separate bags with earth. Pre-seeds can be soaked in warm water or a solution of potassium permanganate. Seeds are immersed in the soil by a maximum of 1 cm.

We prepare the land for seedlings by mixing peat, humus and earth in a ratio of 1: 1: 1. The soil during sowing should be well moistened, its temperature should be 25-27°C. Such conditions must be maintained until sprouts appear. This is easiest done by covering the tray with plastic wrap, which is removed when all the sprouts have risen and levelled. It is very important to control the soil moisture, you can only water the peppers with warm water. As soon as the seeds have sprouted, it is necessary to provide them with access to light, daylight hours should be 12-14 hours. You can put several lamps.

After the emergence of sprouts, the soil temperature can be reduced to 15-18 ° C for a couple of days. All the remaining time it is necessary to maintain the temperature equal to 25 ° C. If you are going to dive seedlings, then you should do this when the first true leaf has formed on the plant, you should not do it later.

Saplings need to be fed every 10 days, watering with diluted fertilizers. The first feeding should be done after the appearance of the second true leaf. In case of picking 10 days after it.

Secrets: how to grow sweet peppers

• Lack of moisture can make your peppers bitter, so water the plant regularly.
• If you do not grow seedlings, but buy, do not take plants with flowers, or with already set fruits - they will not bear fruit well.
• Pepper loves warm soil, do not plant it before the soil warms up to at least 15 ° C.
• If it is more than 34 ° C outside, then peppers should be shaded, as the flowers may wither.
• It is better to remove weeds with your hands so as not to damage the root system of pepper, because it is poorly restored.
• If frosts are coming, harvest all the fruits or pluck the whole plant and let the fruits ripen by hanging the plants in a dry and cool place.

How to grow peppers at home

Usually bitter varieties of pepper are grown on the window. At the same time, the soil for pepper is prepared in the same way as for seedlings. The requirements for caring for homemade peppers are exactly the same as for those grown on the street. The only difference is that such peppers will please you for several years with their picturesque appearance and the benefits of vitamins. When growing pepper on a windowsill, one should remember about lighting; in the winter months, with the help of lamps, it is necessary to increase the daylight hours of pepper to 12-14 hours. And don't forget to cut the ripe fruits. Can you grow bell peppers in a window? No one forbids you to do this, you just need to use a larger pot.

In this article, you learned how to grow peppers from seeds and how to grow peppers on a windowsill. Now you can delight yourself and loved ones with your own grown peppers all year round!

elhow.ru

Bell pepper. How to grow large peppers

How to grow large peppers

Growing large sweet peppers is so easy that anyone who can give them a little attention at least twice a week can do it. However, not always and not everyone succeeds in growing large, 500 g each, peppercorns.

Size depends on variety

First of all, the size of the fruit depends on the variety. If the characteristics of the Gift of Moldova indicate a weight of 90 g, then at least fill the bed with all known fertilizers, but you will get the maximum size of peppercorns 120-150 g, and no more. Although, the better you look after, the fatter the bushes will be and the more peppers you can collect from them, but you won’t be able to grow special giants.

In fairness, it must be said that varieties, such as Gift of Moldova, Korenovsky, Belozerka, California miracle stably bear fruit, are more resistant to "doubtful" care, and often by weight of all fruits are more productive than capricious hybrids.

But if you do not spare fertilizers and stimulants, spray on time from pests and diseases, then you can squeeze out record yields from hybrids. If you want to grow the most beautiful and largest peppers, then you will have to fork out to buy seeds. Large-fruited hybrids are 5-10 times more expensive than varietal ones and 3-4 times more expensive than ordinary hybrids.

Of the hybrids we tested, the largest-fruited ones are Gromada F1, Dennis F1, Kalif F1, Montero F1, Titanic F1, Indalo F1.

And the thickest - Dutch Jupiter and our viking And Merchant. However, do not strongly believe the advertisement - even the "fattest" peppers do not exceed 1 cm in wall thickness (many are only 5 - 6 mm). If we compare with conventional varieties with a wall thickness of 2 - 4 mm, then it is clear that it is better not to chase thick-walled ones, but to buy large-fruited hybrids.

Shaping is not for everyone

You can often hear from some gardeners that peppers need to be shaped by breaking out flowers and cutting out shoots. Similar sadistic methods migrated from greenhouses. In open ground, they are less useful. Yes, following these tips, you can get larger and more beautiful fruits, and if you overlook, then half the entire crop.

The fact is that the pepper is very capricious, and if the soil has dried up or a dry wind has blown (which never happens in greenhouses!), Then the ovaries and flowers themselves crumble, and the more forks, the more peppercorns - flowers appear in peppers only in forks.

But the first flower is still better to remove, so as not to delay the development of the bush. Those who grow peppers from their seeds, on the contrary, should leave it - from the first pepper, the seeds are of the highest quality and most productive (you should not take seeds from hybrids - plants grow from them are very diverse and usually do not differ in particular productivity).

We also break out the shoots without much fanaticism. We remove only the weakest from each fork, leaving at least two shoots.

Now there are a lot of high-yielding varieties and hybrids, which form 2-3 flowers in each fork. They are also recommended to be removed. But I think it’s better to leave it (reinsurance against falling off the ovary), because if the bushes are fed and watered well once a week, then the size of the peppers will not suffer from tightness. The only thing is that they will not be very symmetrical, but, as they say, the harvest requires sacrifice.

Watering the more often the better

You can talk a lot about how to care for peppers, how to feed them. The most interesting thing is that each grower has his own “secret method”, which often contradicts his neighbor. But there will not be much difference in the yield if it is properly watered.

"Normal" watering for peppers at first glance will seem completely abnormal. Perhaps, it really cannot be watered in the northern regions, where there is an excess of moisture and a lack of heat. In the hot south, one must take an example from the Koreans. They love to pour saltpeter under the plantings and at least twice a week they fill the plantings so that they begin to resemble rice checks.

The classic recommendations are to water often, but little by little (the root system of the pepper is weak and it doesn’t seem to make sense to pour it heavily) will not work. By flooding the plantings in 2-3 approaches, there is a guarantee that the soil will not dry out (which means that the ovaries with flowers will not fall off), even worse if it cracks, the roots will break and the fruits will be affected by top rot.

About 3 years ago I saw a quarrel between two farmers - they grew pepper together, but could not agree on watering, as a result they divided the plantation into 2 parts. One flooded the plantation day and night (the bushes grew to the waist and were strewn with fruits), and the second - only once a week - the bushes were inconspicuous, a lot was affected by phomosis (bushes and fruits wither for no reason), the harvest is more than modest ... But top dressing and spraying were carried out the same way!

You also need to feed

Top dressing in terms of importance is probably in last place. Of course, if the soil was filled with manure properly in the fall - not bad, fertilizing was carried out once a week - good! Sprayed:

- Humate or Novosil - after planting seedlings to give impetus to growth;

— Epinom - on especially hot days to relieve stress;

— Bud or Ovary - during mass flowering, to increase the amount of "live" ovary;

— 25 days before harvesting, they sprayed with Ridomil and Alatar from pests and diseases, and after that they went through Fitosporin a couple more times.

All this is very good, the harvest will only grow, but it is not of decisive importance.

The fact is that fertilizers are so expensive that many simply cannot afford it. Usually a gardener brings in 1-2 kg of saltpeter per hundred square meters and is all worried - the ghost of nitrates will not let you sleep peacefully at night. In fact, "gardeners-pests", pouring out 4 - 4.5 kg per hundred square meters, do not compensate for the removal of nutrients by plants. Having poured out even 8 kg per season (of course, feeding in small doses, but more often), you can sleep peacefully, nothing threatens your health, unless, of course, the peppers were planted under the crowns of trees. In the shade and without any fertilizing, vegetables can accumulate excess nitrates.

Therefore, because of our poverty, we have to pour fertilizer into the holes when planting seedlings, add a tablespoon of water to a bucket of water in order to feed the seedlings every 1 - 1.5 weeks.

More serious top dressing is timed to the beginning of flowering and the mass pouring of peppers.

Most importantly, stick to simple rules- in spring saltpeter, then complex fertilizers (azofoska, kemira, crystals ...). If the plants grow weakly or are weakened, then we urgently feed again with ammonium nitrate at the rate of 10 g / 10 l of water. If you want to harvest a tastier crop, feed with potassium sulfate (15 g / 10 l) and superphosphate (20-30 g / 10 l) 5-7 days before harvest.

Sweet pepper is a thermophilic culture. Growing a full-fledged pepper by sowing seeds immediately in open ground is problematic even in the southern regions. The plant has a long growing season, so seedlings must be grown to harvest a good harvest.

We cannot control the weather outside the window, but we can create optimal conditions for growing seedlings under the power of everyone. After transplantation, peppers successfully take root in open ground, fruiting begins a month earlier - you are guaranteed to have time to harvest.

How to choose a variety of sweet pepper

When choosing a variety, consider a number of parameters:

• The length of summer in your area. Choose early and medium varieties if the summer is short. If warm weather is guaranteed for 2-2.5 months, varieties with an average ripening period will do. In the southern regions, it is possible to grow late-ripening varieties.
• The shape of the fruit is also important. Cylindrical and cone-shaped peppers with thick walls are good for salads, cubic peppers are best for stuffing, small peppers are best for pickling.
• Fruit Color: The darker, the sweeter the taste.
• Bush height. Low-growing and medium-sized plants are planted on beds under film shelter, tall ones are usually grown in greenhouses.

Terms of planting sweet pepper for seedlings

To obtain good planting material, timely is necessary. If sown too early, young peppers will overgrow in pots, then the lower fruits will begin to set. This takes strength from the plant, they may not take root in the open field, normal fruiting will be delayed.

How to calculate the time of planting sweet pepper seedlings:

• Varieties of early ripening should be sown 60 days before the intended transplantation into open ground,
• later - for 70-75 days.
• The best time for sowing sweet pepper for seedlings is the end of February-beginning of March, if you plan to plant immediately in open ground.

Take into account the subsequent place of growth. In a heated greenhouse, young seedlings are planted by the end of April, in greenhouses and film greenhouses - throughout May, and planting in open ground should be carried out in the first decade of June.

Also note that without a pick, the peppers will be ready for planting two weeks earlier.

It can be carried out in early February, but sweet pepper seedlings will need additional lighting. Use LED or phytolamps. Daylight hours should be 12 hours.

Preparing sweet pepper seeds for seedlings

To soak or not to soak, to process or not to process sweet pepper seeds before planting, everyone decides for himself. But experienced vegetable growers recommend showing a little patience in order to speed up germination and choose the highest quality seed. Alas, to increase the shelf life, sweet pepper seeds are often dried out - but this must be indicated on the packaging.

To get friendly shoots, it is necessary to carry out the selection and processing of seeds.

How to select the best seeds

Prepare a brine solution (30 g of table salt per 1 liter of water), immerse the seeds in it and stir well. See what happens in 5-10 minutes. Weak seeds will float to the surface, and high-quality, healthy ones will sink to the bottom. The latter should be washed well with water, laid out on paper and allowed to dry.

Disinfection from pathogens

The next step is disinfection. You will need a weak solution of potassium permanganate (per 1 liter of water 1 g of powder), in which you should hold the seeds for 15-20 minutes. Then rinse and dry slightly.

Strengthening germination

Can be used folk remedies: take 2 g of wood ash for 1 liter of water. Infuse the solution for a day, then keep a bag of seeds in it for about 3 hours.

Soaking can be replaced by bubbling - seed treatment in oxygenated water. To do this, you will need an aquarium compressor. You need to take a large glass container, fill it 2/3 with water (temperature about 20 ° C). Lower the compressor so that its tip is at the bottom and turn on the appliance. When bubbles appear, lower the bag of seeds there and let it stand for a day.

seed hardening

Seedlings should have good immunity. Resistance to changeable weather conditions, diseases will help increase the hardening of seeds. Hold the seeds in warm water until swelling, then move them to the bottom shelf of the refrigerator and stand for a day, then proceed to sowing.

Soil preparation for sowing sweet pepper

The soil needs to be nutritious.

The following options will work:

• Most reliable option- a special mixture for growing seedlings of pepper. Such soil has already been treated against diseases and pests.
• You can prepare the soil mixture yourself. Take 4 parts of peat, 2 parts of sod land, 1 part of humus and rotted sawdust, 0.5 parts of river sand and add 2-3 tbsp. spoons of wood ash.
• Coconut substrate - can be easily found in flower shops.
• Soil with hydrogel. Hydrogel balls are great for retaining moisture in the soil. Lay them already swollen.
• Peat tablets - very convenient option. For subsequent transplants, simply transfer the seedling with it to a container of a larger diameter.

It is recommended to add a little soil to the soil from the area where pepper will grow in the future. This contributes to the successful adaptation of seedlings after transplanting into open ground. Before entering into the soil mixture, this earth must be shed with a solution of potassium permanganate or calcined in the oven for 30-40 minutes.

What container is best to plant

As a container, it is best to use individual cups with a volume of about 100 ml. It is desirable that they are not transparent - exposure to sunlight negatively affects the development of the root system. You can make homemade cups, as shown in the video above.

Growing sweet pepper seedlings at home

How to sow sweet pepper for seedlings?

• The main condition is to plant immediately in separate cups so as not to disturb the fragile root system with a pick. Peppers after picking are very sick and stunted, fruiting is delayed.
• Planting depth 0.5-1 cm.

Preparing containers and soil for seedlings

Lay a drainage layer at the bottom of the tank (pieces of polystyrene foam, broken bricks, expanded clay).

Fill the cups with soil ¾, compact a little, pour. Make a groove about 1 cm deep, place 1 seed in each cup. Lightly cover with soil.

Lighting and heat

For healthy growth, it is necessary to provide an optimal microclimate: cover the crops with glass or film. To protect the seedlings from drafts as much as possible, place the containers in a box, install a dense wire along its edges, stretch the plastic film on top so that it completely covers the ground with crops.

The cold will destroy the plants, direct sunlight is vital for them. Southern window sills, flooded sunlight- an ideal place for growing seedlings of bell pepper. When the days are warm, you can take out the seedlings to the insulated balcony, loggia. Be sure to place a heater under the cups with seedlings.

How many days does sweet pepper germinate for seedlings? We maintain the correct temperature

Compliance with the correct temperature regime is an important condition for growing seedlings:

• Until the first shoots appear, it is necessary to maintain the air temperature within 25-27 ° C.
• Sprouts will appear in 7-14 days (depending on the variety). During this time, ventilate the greenhouse every 2 days and spray the soil with a fine sprayer.
• The cover can then be removed. Maintain daytime air temperature at 23-25 ​​°C, nighttime - 16-18 °C.
• The air temperature should not fall below 12 ° C, otherwise the plants will lose their leaves and may die.

From the lack of lighting, seedlings begin to reach out to look for a source of light. Older specimens stop growth, the root system may begin to rot. The optimal length of daylight hours for pepper is 9-10 hours. Light up during the daytime (from 8.00 to 20.00).

How to water

Abundant, but not often. The soil should be slightly moist, do not allow stagnant water. Watering is best done in the morning. Use softened water (thawed water, rainwater, or tap water that has been standing for a day), warm it up to room temperature.

The roots need to receive oxygen - after each watering, loosen the soil with a carnation or a match, only slightly breaking the crust on the surface. Do this very carefully, since damage to the root system leads to inhibition of growth, fruiting may not occur.

How to prepare sweet pepper seedlings for planting in the ground

Seedlings that have grown strong need to be hardened off. 10-12 days before transplanting into open ground, take out for a while for Fresh air or leave open window in room.

It is useful to spray seedlings with herbal infusion (use onions, garlic, pine needles, marigolds, calendula flowers for infusion).

Thus, the seedlings will become more resistant to diseases and pests.

Immediately after spraying, seedlings should not be taken out under the sun, let the leaves dry. Droplets of water on the leaves can cause sunburn.

top dressing

Sweet peppers need to be fed. Do this twice: apply the first top dressing at the stage of appearance of 3-4 true leaves, the second - with the appearance of 5-6 leaves.

Organics can be added under the root: a solution of mullein (1 part of humus to 10 parts of water) or an infusion of chicken manure (1 part of dry manure to 20 parts of water). For foliar top dressing, use complex mineral fertilizers.

How to sow sweet pepper seedlings video

Disease protection

A slowdown in growth is a phenomenon that is possible for 2 reasons:

1. The roots are damaged after picking. If you are a beginner gardener, it is better to refuse this procedure.
2. Lack of fertilizer. In addition to stopping growth, in this case, pallor of the leaves is observed. It is important to feed the seedlings so as not to destroy them.

The plant loves moisture, but do not overdo it with watering. Excessive watering leads to black leg infection: the root neck becomes soft, darkens, the sprout withers and falls. The causative agent of the disease can be initially infected soil.

To prevent this from happening, you need to ensure proper care:

• When watering, water should not fall on the stems. While they are very tiny, apply water through a pipette or syringe into the aisles.
• Do not keep under cover for long. Ventilate the greenhouse regularly until seedlings emerge. Make sure that there is no dampness near the stems.
• Provide warmth: spores of a harmful fungus become active in cold, damp soil.
• There should be no sudden changes in temperature, so as not to weaken the immunity of seedlings.

External characteristics of good seedlings of sweet pepper

Young peppers are ready for transplantation to a permanent place of growth in 60-80 days. Their height should be 17-20 cm. The thickness of a strong stem at the root should be 3-4 mm. A healthy plant should have 7-10 well-developed leaves, buds may be present.

Transplant in open ground with the establishment of real heat (late May-early June).

Stick to a 40x50 cm planting pattern, you can plant seedlings two plants in one hole if you want to use a piece of land more economically.

When and how to plant sweet pepper seedlings in the ground, we look at the planting patterns in the video:

Sweet pepper is an ingredient in dozens of dishes. This vegetable conquered many with its juicy fragrant fruit pulp and versatility of use, no matter what dish it is used in. In addition, this vegetable is very diverse in appearance. Green pepper, yellow, red, orange, brown and even purple - all these fruits grow next to us and delight the eye. In addition, growing peppers is quite simple. Everyone can do this, you just need to know certain secrets of growing.

Choose a variety

Today, there are many varieties of sweet pepper, differing from each other in the size of the fruit, their color, shape, wall thickness. Also, each variety has its own cultivation secrets. This is a vegetable that needs light. After all, it belongs to the heat-loving nightshade.

Varieties of sweet pepper can be divided into two groups.

Early varieties give a good harvest in a short period of time. These types of vegetables are ideal for growing in cool climates, which are characterized by frequent rains. The most famous early varieties are:

• Swallow - suitable for growing in a greenhouse or under a film. The fruits are red in the shape of a cone.
• Snow White is a variety with cone-shaped fruits, intended for growing in a greenhouse. The color of mature peppers is red.
• Madonna F1 is a pepper hybrid obtained by crossing different varieties. Its yellow fruits are cubic in shape.
• Dwarf - a low variety with cone-shaped fruits. Green peppers are yellowish in color when ripe.
• Winnie the Pooh is a low-growing variety, excellent for growing both in open ground and in a greenhouse. The fruits are small. Their specific feature is simultaneous maturation.

Mid-season varieties in a warm climate should be grown in a greenhouse, and in hot climates in open ground. The following varieties are widely used:

• Maria F1 is a pepper hybrid that gives a rich harvest. The bushes of the plant are tall, its stems reach a meter. The fruits have a ribbed structure and a rounded flat shape. At maturity they are red.
• Othello F1 - a hybrid with large cone fruits. Peppers have a specific purple, changing to brown during maturation.
• Tenderness - designed for growing in a greenhouse. The variety gives a good harvest. Fruits in the form of truncated oval cones are red.
• Novogoshary is a low-growing variety with red large fruits of a flattened-rounded shape. The fruiting period of the plant is quite long - 45 days.

Growing seedlings

Most often, peppers are grown from seedlings. Important is right choice plant varieties and following the rules for growing vegetables at home. In areas of Ukraine with hot summers, pepper grows well in open ground. If the summer is cool with precipitation, a good vegetable harvest can only be obtained in a greenhouse.

Many gardeners grow early ripe varieties pepper on the site and in the greenhouse, motivating this by the rapid ripening of the fruits and their pleasant taste. But such vegetables need to be grown only through seedlings at home.

When growing seedlings, it should be borne in mind that pepper is very fond of heat, moisture and light. But the plant does not tolerate transplanting well.

Before growing seedlings, the seeds must be prepared. After all, they can be stored for no more than 4 years. Therefore, old seeds must be checked for germination.

Seeds collected from actually grown fruits can be discarded in a salt solution. That is, right away at home, you can weed out those that do not sprout.

It is necessary to prepare a solution in the proportion of 40 g of salt per liter of water. Pour the pepper seeds into this mixture and leave for a few minutes. Further, the seeds that have surfaced are taken out and thrown away, since there will definitely not be a harvest from them. The remaining seeds must be washed with clean water and dried. After that, you can begin preparing for planting seedlings.

In order for the seeds to swell and germinate quickly, it is enough to pour them into a cloth bag and rinse with water. After the seeds need to be placed in a bag and leave them warm for a day.

Before planting seedlings, it is necessary to clearly determine the timing due to a number of factors:

• the specificity of the variety (early or late);
• growing method (with or without dive);
• geographical and climatic conditions;
• place to grow seedlings.

Seeds are sown in special dishes (boxes, pots) with home-prepared soil ( a good option- substrate of coconut). The soil is watered, holes are made a centimeter deep, seeds are sown (at a distance from each other, not nearby) and sprinkled with earth.

After the planting site is covered with a film or glass, and the temperature is maintained at 25 ° C until the seeds germinate. The first sprouts appear after 7–12 days, but sometimes germination begins only after half a month. Once every couple of days, the soil should be sprayed with water.

When the first sprouts appear, the glass from the box must be removed and the necessary illumination of the seedlings provided. After all, light has a positive effect on the development of plants and prevents rotting of their roots. The process of additional illumination of seedlings should be carried out only during the day (no more than 10 hours).

It is important for pepper sprouts to maintain correct temperature air (25 °C during the day, 18 °C at night).

Watering seedlings should be carried out with warm water, preferably in the morning. The soil needs to be loosened periodically.

Sprouts are negatively affected by contact with other plants. Therefore, you can not sow thickly and put seedlings next to other plants.

Seedlings can be grown in different ways:

• With a dive. The procedure is carried out on the 20th day after the appearance of sprouts. The main root cannot be pinched.
• No diving. In this case, transshipment is carried out - they change the smaller seed germination capacity to a larger one.

For the entire time of growing seedlings, it is fed twice: with a solution of mullein and dry bird droppings.

10 days before transplanting the sprouts into the soil, they can be taken outside for a short time, and also sprayed with garlic, onion, coniferous infusion. All this protects peppers from pests.

disembarkation

Planted sprouts are usually nearby. You can plant seedlings of sweet pepper in open ground after the formation of 7-9 leaves on the plant. You can plant plants only after the end of all frosts.

Planting sweet pepper in an open area is carried out with a distance of 40-45 cm between the sprouts, in no case nearby.

Plant bushes should also not grow nearby. Between them, the distance should be at least 30 cm. A smaller interval can be observed between undersized bushes.

Sweet peppers, both in the greenhouse and on the plot, cannot be grown next to the bitter ones. After all, this vegetable is self-pollinating, and can adopt bitterness from a relative.

The soil for culture begins to be prepared in advance. Up to 5 kg of fertilizer is applied to open ground per square meter territory (humus or compost).

It is also necessary to fertilize open ground with mineral additives: 20-30 g of top dressing per square meter. Such soil enrichment can be carried out in the spring, a few days before the peppers begin to be planted.

plant peppers better near or in rows in a wind-sheltered area. The previous cultivation of cucumbers, legumes and green crops in this area will have a positive effect.

When transplanting pepper seedlings into the ground, the seedlings do not bury. Otherwise, the risk of lengthening the fruit ripening process and reducing the yield is significantly increased.

Planted plants must be watered abundantly and mulched with light material (dry earth or grass).

If there is a risk of frost, you can protect the planted seedlings with lutrasil or film.

Video "10 Mistakes of Growing Sweet Peppers"

Remember these 10 "don'ts" to avoid mistakes when growing sweet and fragrant peppers.

Further care

To get a rich harvest, you need to provide good care for sweet pepper and optimal conditions for its growth. Plants should be planted in a site with good illumination, because with a lack of light, inflorescences and fruit ovaries fall from plants. Moisture in the soil should also be enough, because if you irrigate without a regimen, you can grow small ugly fruits.

In early August, it is necessary to pinch the upper part of the stem and remove all the flowers that do not have time to bear fruit before the onset of autumn. After half a month, the procedure must be repeated.

Tall fruits need to be tied for support.

Sweet pepper needs periodic feeding with bird droppings or mullein, as well as potassium phosphate fertilizers.

During the growing season, you need to eliminate all weeds and loosen the soil. The fruits can be harvested unripe. If the peppers are fully ripe on the bushes, the yield can be much reduced.

So, growing peppers in the open field or in a greenhouse is not difficult, no matter what climate they grow in. The main thing is to know the secrets of successful gardening and properly care for the plant at home. Indeed, the success of cultivation is due to a number of factors. Pepper care has both common features for all nightshades, and specific features inherent only to this culture.

​Related articles​​To grow pepper seedlings, a mixture of soddy soil, peat and humus is usually prepared. Since this crop requires a lot of potassium, a glass of wood ash is sure to be added to the soil substrate. Due to its high alkaline reaction, the soil must be thoroughly mixed, otherwise you can burn the roots with an unstirred lump of ash.

With a black leg

. To do this, you need to take 1 kg of mullein and mix it with 10 liters of water, in which 30 g of superphosphate are dissolved.

Row spacing

Sowing seeds of pepper

Pepper shoots are very fragile, break easily, so they must be tied to pegs. And in a circle of beds, it is better to plant tall crops that will protect your planting from the winds.

Delicious, sweet, fragrant pepper, which is suitable for many salads, preservation, stuffing, etc., can be grown simply in your country house in the open field. Gardeners have long proven that rather heat-loving crops, such as peppers, can grow in more severe conditions if certain rules are followed and appropriate care is taken. In our article we will talk about how to grow pepper in the open field.​

In order to grow sweet peppers on your own, you can take the most various varieties, which grow equally well in open ground or in greenhouse conditions. These are such as Olympia, Swallow, Gift of Moldova, Winnie the Pooh and many others.​

For planting, it is necessary to correctly select varieties with fleshy, thick fruits, as they are more unpretentious. We start doing this in March or the end of February, using ordinary clay pots for this, into which a mixture of soddy soil, sand, peat and leafy soil is poured.

Pepper pests: (1-aphid, 2-Colorado potato beetle, 3-mites, 4-scoop).

Seedling feeding

The birthplace of pepper is America - in areas where a tropical climate prevails, you can still find wild-growing individuals of pepper. ​

It is worth noting that today special ready-made soil mixtures based on biohumus are sold in stores, which are perfect for planting peppers.

The rot of the root part of the plant appears, which leads to its death. Affected peppers should be removed immediately, and the beds with the remaining ones should be watered with a 3% solution. blue vitriol and sprinkle with ash.

How to plant seedlings and create favorable conditions for growth?

This solution is enough for 1m2 beds. You can also take chicken manure in the proportion already indicated above.

Ideally, it should be 50 cm, between plants - 30 cm. Plants should be planted in separate, well-spilled holes. It is impossible to deepen the peppers when planting: from this they begin to hurt and dry. It is necessary to sprinkle with earth to the first leaves. But if you plant peppers very shallowly, then the upper roots will begin to die off, and this should not be allowed.

As soon as you plant pepper seedlings in open ground, care must be taken to protect the plants from frost. As an excellent protection from the cold, it is recommended to use tents that are made of wooden blocks, cardboard, burlap and other materials. Peppers should be covered with such tents in the evening, and opened in the morning. If the cold snap drags on, it is better to use a portable temporary film shelter.

Before you start growing peppers, you need to prepare open ground. In regions where the climate is mild, sweet peppers grow well outdoors in areas protected from the effects of the wind, provided there is sufficient sunlight. These requirements are met by the site, which is located next to the southern wall of the house. If wind protection is not provided, you can build a rocker protection consisting of plants or create a windproof fence in the form of a wattle fence.

Swallow is a semi-standard, medium-sized bush, the fruits are oval-cone-shaped, the peel is very smooth. The weight of one fruit is approximately sixty to ninety grams, the color is light green. This pepper is early ripe, the conditions for its cultivation are very simple.

Like any plant, pepper has its enemies. Representatives of flora harmful to pepper are aphids, mites, scoops, Colorado potato beetles, etc.

Sweet pepper is a plant that loves moisture, it is important to water it regularly. If you water the plant irregularly during the appearance of fruits, then cracks appear on the fruits.

How and what to feed?

The plant is very thermophilic and at the same time moisture-loving. It represents the nightshade family and is distinguished by its capriciousness.

First of all, you need to select full-fledged healthy seeds. Having immersed them in a saline solution, it is easy enough to reveal the empty ones, they will float on the surface, full-weight seeds will always sink to the bottom. So they continue to prepare for sowing. After keeping for some time in warm water, the seeds are wrapped in a damp cloth, placed in a plastic bag and placed in a warm place to germinate.

From phytophthora, spraying with infusion of garlic helps.

Need a few more times in the summer

Harvest

It is important to plant

Another long-known remedy for protecting plants from frost is sprinkling and smoking. The material for burning is better to choose one that can provide thick smoke. The sprinkler should provide a fine mist of water. This will get the greatest effect.

It is worth saying that the cultivation of peppers cannot be done earlier than 3 years after the growth of nightshade crops on the ground (for example, tomatoes, eggplant, potatoes). A large number of diseases of such plants can be transmitted through the soil. Before planting, you can grow cabbage, zucchini, cucumbers, other pumpkin and legume crops, table root crops.

​The gift of Moldova is a variety of more large size, its skin is thin, and the flesh is very tender, reaching five to six millimeters in thickness. The shape of the fruit is cone-shaped, three-tetrahedral. Pepper color - light green, taste - soft, memorable. The yield of this variety is quite high. The unpretentiousness and ease of cultivation makes this pepper the most common in summer cottages.

Pepper's little enemies

Planting seedlings in a greenhouse is considered the best option, since the height of such a bush will be greater, the yield is also much higher. In addition, it will be easy to follow the conditions.​

The scoop is one of the most common pepper pests. It is difficult to fight with it, since there are a large number of its varieties and the period for the release of larvae is extended for a long time.

Constant access to sunlight will allow the plant to develop and grow normally. In order for the pepper to develop well, provide additional illumination, provide seedlings with a 12-hour day.

Fresh seeds collected, for example, last year will germinate faster. The longer the period of their storage, the worse the germination will be. It is better not to use seed that has been stored for more than three years at all.

About the beneficial properties of pepper

1. To do this, mix 100-150 g of crushed dry leaves or flakes of garlic heads in 10 liters of water, leave for a day and spray the plant with this solution. You can also use 1% Bordeaux mixture. To prevent late blight, peppers should be planted away from tomatoes and potatoes.
2. feed the plants
3. Sweet and hot peppers as far apart as possible
4. Peppers can be susceptible to the same diseases as other vegetable crops from the nightshade family. The causative agents of diseases can serve as a variety of viruses, bacteria and fungi. The most famous diseases of peppers are wilting and blackleg. "Black leg" is associated with the defeat of pepper seedlings. To solve the problem of this disease, you need to adjust temperature regime and humidity. Adult crops are susceptible to wilting. The manifestation of this disease occurs in a change in the color of the leaf blades, dropping the leaves and browning of the vessels on the stems. In the end, all this leads to the death of plants.
5. The soil in the area where you are going to grow pepper should be well-drained, fertile, and retain moisture well. The preparation of the site must be done in the fall. After the previous crop is harvested, you need to completely free the soil from the remains of plants and dig up the soil.

ParnikiTeplicy.com

Peppers in the greenhouse and on the windowsill

I grow hot peppers separately from the usual.

When to grow bell pepper seedlings? It is necessary to start two months before planting in the ground, that is, approximately in mid-March, in which case in mid-May it will already be possible to prepare the substrate, move future bushes to a permanent place. It is best to plant two plants in one cup, they develop best in a pair.

Aphids and the Colorado potato beetle can harm the plant less, however, a high degree of infestation with these pests leads to slower growth and deformation of the fruit. Moreover, affected plants become a place for the spread of fungal and viral diseases.

Growing Rules

The plant does not tolerate strong wind or draft, you can not plant it in partial shade. Under such conditions, it will stretch in length, which will interfere with the normal development and fruiting of the plant.

Growing on a windowsill

​If you are partial to the process of planting cultivated plants, then tips on growing peppers will be very useful information.

For sowing bell pepper seeds, most gardeners use small plastic boxes that are filled with pre-prepared soil. For each variety, a separate box is usually prepared and signed by all means. If necessary, you can find out about the characteristics of the variety from the packaging bags.

Planting seedlings in a greenhouse

In greenhouses, peppers are most often affected

A mixture of mullein with superphosphate. Apply 0.5 l of the mixture per 1 plant. The next top dressing must be done through

so that cross-pollination does not occur. Otherwise, sweet peppers will be bitter, and bitter ones will not please with spiciness.

​Disease control and prevention measures are primarily the purchase of quality seeds and seedlings, the elimination of pests and weeds, crop rotation and the removal of diseased plants. The main pests for peppers are mites, slugs and aphids. To combat them, the good old proven folk methods. This solution will help to overcome aphids: 200-250 grams of wood ash is taken per bucket of water (+ 50 ° C). To protect peppers from spider mites, you can use chopped onion or garlic (200 grams), as well as dandelion leaves (200 grams) in a bucket of water. The above solutions must be infused for at least a day. Before use, they must be mixed and filtered. To increase the effect, you can add a little to the solution. liquid soap(gram 30-40). Regular loosening and soil treatment with dry mustard or crushed red pepper (one teaspoon per 1 m2) will save you from slugs. Straw mulch can also help.

Outdoor cultivation

It should be noted that from 30 to 50 grams of superphosphates, from 50 to 80 grams of wood ash and from 5 to 10 kg of humus or manure are applied per 1 m2. At the same time, I would like to focus your attention on the fact that you should not plant peppers on the ground, where fresh manure has just been added. An excess of soluble nitrogen adversely affects the preservation of the ovaries, as well as the ripening of the fetus.

Adept is a hybrid variety, the crop of which will ripen one hundred and ten days after the start of cultivation. The color of the ripe fruit is light yellow, almost lemon. The taste is sweet, the pulp is very juicy and tender.

Properly planted seedlings of peppers have about eight to twelve leaves, its height is up to thirty centimeters. It is not necessary to loosen the soil in the greenhouse when planting, but fertilizing and watering should be regular. Before planting seedlings, you need to make sure that the temperature of the soil is not lower than fifteen degrees, as the pepper loves heat. In order to avoid infection of the pepper with pests, you should not miss the time of their first appearance. Treat the plant immediately if you notice them. After all, only healthy seedlings of pepper guarantee a good harvest.

Pests and their control

If you want to grow a bountiful crop of pepper, then you need to consider that for this plant need warm soil. To do this, treat the beds and raise them to a level of 40 to 70 cm. Timely weeding will help the pepper develop faster.

So, we read about the secrets of growing sweet peppers.

Prepared pepper seeds are laid out after about 2 cm in small grooves, covered with soil for 1 cm and slightly compacted. If you close them deeper, then the shoots will be weak. Insufficiently deepened seeds will not be able to free themselves from the shell, which will remain on the cotyledon leaves and will interfere with the development of the plant. After sowing, the soil is watered with water.

Pepper harvest

gray rot

2 weeks. On a bucket of water, take 2 tbsp. l. nitrophoska and water the plants with this mixture. The main thing is that the solution does not get on the leaves, for this it must be carefully poured under the root. Otherwise, burns will appear on the leaves.

The ground around the plants can be mulched with straw or grass so that the ground retains moisture longer and there are fewer weeds.

Types of pepper for self-growing

As you can see, growing a good quality pepper crop in the open field is quite simple. You just need to follow the recommendations in this article. We wish you a rich harvest.​

In the autumn, you need to carefully dig up the area where you are going to grow peppers. In the spring, it is necessary to loosen the soil, add 30 to 40 grams of fertilizers (potash and phosphate) and 20 to 30 grams of nitrogen fertilizer per 1 m2.

Catherine refers to large fruits, whose color is bright red. The pulp of such pepper is tender and very sweet, has a pronounced spicy aroma.

Pepper seedlings begin to ripen in April.

Pepper contains a large amount of ascorbic acid and vitamin A. According to the content of vitamin C, it is ahead of both lemon and blackcurrant.

When pepper shoots appear, the weak ones are often removed and the stronger ones are left. During the next branching of the shoots, each of them is pinched again, leaving strong and strong shoots.

You can grow peppers by seedlings. And for this it is necessary to sow the seeds in advance, 50-60 days earlier than the seedlings begin. Choose only fresh seeds for seedlings.

It is better to cover the box with crops with a film so that the soil does not dry out quickly. It is advisable to keep it in a warm place until the first shoots appear. Even when favorable conditions are created, the first shoots can be expected only after 10 days. When they appear, the box with seedlings is moved to a cooler place with a temperature not higher than 16 degrees. After a week, the seedlings are exposed to a warm and well-lit window sill. Temporary stay in cooler conditions helps to slow down the growth of plants and allows you to protect the shoots from stretching. Additional illumination of seedlings with fluorescent lamps also helps to prevent stretching of sprouts, at first it should be around the clock.

1. . This is usually due to high humidity. Therefore, for the purpose of prevention in greenhouses, it is necessary to regularly ventilate the room and plant peppers at large intervals between each other.
2. If necessary, you can feed the plants a couple more times. All top dressing is carried out at night, on wet ground.
3. After landing,
4. Secrets from an experienced gardener. She will tell you how to care for pepper, what top dressing to use and how to determine the missing trace elements by appearance pepper.
5. To get a really great harvest, planting must be done according to certain rules.
6. In addition to these varieties, a lot of other species are grown, including bright orange Aria with plump fruits, Red chrysolite with a delicate aroma, California miracle with thick, juicy fruit walls. For the cultivation of some, agricultural technology is necessary, other varieties are very simple and unpretentious. When choosing, one must take into account the ripening time, growing conditions and many other factors.​

Many people wonder when to grow bell pepper seedlings so that the harvest is plentiful and tasty. They begin to do this around mid-May, when the prepared seedlings are planted on the beds in accordance with the scheme forty-five by forty-five centimeters. When growing outdoors, it will be correct to organize a small shelter on top of a stretched film. Bulgarian pepper itself must be hung on trellises, although a large bush will not work on open ground, its maximum growth is up to sixty centimeters.

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Secrets of growing peppers outdoors

The presence of a substance called "rutin" has a beneficial effect on the system blood vessels person.​

Growing conditions

Pepper seeds are capricious, and therefore you need to take the process of growing seedlings with all responsibility. They can be sown in trays or pots, and then put in a warm place.

Pepper seedlings can be grown with or without a pick. Some people think that this vegetable culture picking is not required, because it does not tolerate transplanting well. In fact, a damaged root system, of course, can slow down the growth of plants, but if you pick carefully, then it is not at all harmful and even necessary.

Peppers accumulate vitamins before the seeds ripen. Therefore, there are more vitamins in ripe red and yellow peppers than in green ones.

When flowers appear, peppers should be monitored especially carefully. If it gets too hot (more than 33-34 ° C), then the flowers may fall off, and the peppers will wilt, so it is best to shade the plants in strong heat.

Landing Rules

Pay close attention to soil moisture. Peppers do not like dryness. They need to be watered often and regularly, but not too plentifully.

Leaves and a strong stem 3-4 mm thick at the roots.

Outdoor cultivation of pepper is usually carried out in the last days of May. At this time, the risk of frost is minimized. Pepper is planted according to the scheme 60-70 x 20-30 cm. Before planting, you need to water the seedlings abundantly so that during the planting process your pepper does not look wilted, can take root better, grow faster.

Growing sweet peppers is quite simple, but you need to do this only in accordance with all the recommendations of specialists. We offer several useful tips that will help grow a tasty and healthy vegetable:

What should care include?

You can start harvesting peppers at the end of August or at the beginning of September, when the fruits are not yet quite ripe

If you take sweet pepper with food every day, it will improve hair growth, vision, skin.

Before sowing, it is necessary to prepare the seeds of the plant, for this, treat the seeds in a 1% solution of manganese for 15 minutes, then rinse and place the seeds in a wet cloth for 2-3 days.

The appearance of two true leaves on the seedlings indicates that the seedlings growing in the box should be dived into separate containers. Until the flower buds are laid, the seedlings grow slowly, so a 200 ml cup is enough for picking.

Ripe peppers should be carefully cut with secateurs. Cutting off the fruits, as many mistakenly do, can damage a fragile plant. It is important to regularly remove the fruits as they ripen, without leaving them on the bush.

Cold protection

It is better to tear off the first flower that appears so that the peppers do not deplete their strength and development is not delayed.

If you pour peppers, they can be affected by blossom end rot. If the peppers dry out, especially during the period of tying peppers, then subsequently the fruits will have a bitter taste. It is best to water in the morning, pour water carefully, under the root.

Pest and disease control

In May, it's time to prepare the ground for peppers, if it has not been prepared since autumn. Peppers feel best in the beds after cucumbers and cabbage. They do not tolerate fresh manure - it is better to take rotted compost and put it into the ground - for 1m250-60 g of superphosphate, 20 g of potassium salt.

When planting peppers in the heat, it is better to choose the second half of the day to allow the plant to get stronger overnight. When the weather is cloudy, the landing can be made in the morning.

Water the plant regularly, as even a slight lack of moisture can make it bitter.

Video "Growing pepper in the open field"

. If harvesting is delayed for two to three weeks, the fruits will turn red, the number of new ones will decrease.

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How to grow a large Bulgarian (sweet) pepper - Good-Tips.Pro - Useful magazine

Pepper Care in May

It is necessary to feed the plants every seven days with mineral fertilizers or compost, having prepared a solution in advance with the addition of water and a small concentration of fertilizer. After 15 days after planting, the first top dressing is carried out. You can use mullein, diluted in ten parts of water, with the addition of 25 g of superphosphate.

Pepper seeds are sown in containers at a short distance from each other, then covered with a film until the sprouts sprout.

Usually they do it as follows: the seedling is carefully removed from the well-moistened soil in the box by the stem, and, trying not to shake off the earthen ball, is moved into a glass. The stem is buried to the first leaves, the soil is poured, compacted and watered. Such a transplant with a clod of earth does not damage the root system, therefore it is easily tolerated by the plant. If ripe fruits remain on it for a long time, then the plant stops blooming and producing new ovaries. If you remove the peppers on time, then the plant blooms and bears fruit further.

Although with proper agricultural technology the risk of diseases is minimized, peppers are still not immune from various infections. The water must be warm Planting in the ground or in a greenhouse should begin when the air temperature reaches 15 °. Frosts are detrimental to peppers, so plants should not be planted before the end of May.

Prepared wells should be poured abundantly with water: at the rate of 1-2 liters per well. In this case, it is better to use water heated in the sun. Gently pulling the seedlings out of the pots, it must be placed in the holes in vertical position and plant a little deeper than she grew in pots. This is necessary to provide your pepper with additional nutrition, which will help the adventitious roots that appear on the stems covered with earth. When buying seedlings for growing, you need to make sure that there are no flowers and the fruits are not sluggish.

In order to grow a beautiful and tasty pepper, you must remember that taking care of it includes the prevention of diseases, the fight against various insects. Most often, lesions are possible from aphids or spider mites, in which case spraying with karbofos or decomposing insecticides is recommended. Pepper contains K, Na, Fe, Zn, Mg, I and is a necessary component for baldness, manifestations of osteoporosis, and a low level of immune defense of the body .​ 5 liters of solution can be used per 1 m². You can also feed peppers with Sudarushka, Ideal, Biomaster fertilizers, chicken droppings.

The soil for pepper is chosen rich, with a high degree of fertility. To grow seedlings, it is important not to forget that the soil must be warm. So, the temperature of the soil should be at least 25 degrees Celsius. In addition, it must be kept moist until the seedlings emerge.

In the process of growing pepper seedlings should not be watered often, but as the earth dries up, that is, you do not need to fill it, but do not let it dry. Watering can be combined with top dressing with any complex fertilizers. If frosts begin, and ground peppers have not yet fully ripened, it is best to tear the plants out of the ground with roots and hang them in a warm place. The peppers will soon ripen on their own.

Most often, plants are affected by late blight, fusarium, brown spot, black fruit rot, black leg. Almost all of these diseases are fungal in nature.

- from cold water, peppers stop growing, yields decrease. In the first days after planting, watering should be frequent. Then you can water it every 10 days.Peppers love moisture

To grow a good crop of pepper, it is necessary to carry out certain care, which consists in ensuring proper watering, weeding, fertilizing, garter and other actions. The soil for planting pepper should be warm, its temperature should be about fifteen degrees.

Among the diseases, gray rot is possible when the plant does not have enough moisture. In this case, small gray spots can be seen in some areas, the fruits begin to soften. It is especially important to prevent disease infection if the pepper is grown in containers, pots, then it will be right to constantly monitor the sufficiency of moisture, the condition of the leaves and fruits. Sweet pepper is one of those vegetables that are great for any dish, being a real table decoration . It can be called a treasure trove of vitamins, especially vitamin C, the amount of which in pepper even exceeds its content in lemon and currant! It is enough to eat fifty grams of sweet pepper to get the required daily dose of this vitamin. But this vegetable is also rich in mineral salts, organic acids, glucose, fructose, while cooking, valuable substances are completely preserved, so pepper can be eaten raw, dried, stewed, pickled, canned, salted. It is important to feed the plant during fruiting fertilizer, which contains more N and Ca.​

Pepper seeds are sown in a warm and moist soil substrate (a depth of 1-2 cm is enough). To prevent the topsoil from drying out, cover the crop with polyethylene film. And after the first shoots of pepper sprout, the film can be removed.

Bulgarian pepper care in summer

To obtain powerful seedlings that are resistant to environmental factors, they are hardened: they gradually lower the temperature by opening the window, if it is already warm enough outside, the cups installed on the tray are taken out to open air. During hardening, it is very important to protect the plants from drafts. There is another way - in the fall, peppers can be dug up and transplanted into a pot. At home on the windowsill, they will grow and bear fruit until next summer (after all, this is a perennial plant). Diseases such as mosaic are caused by viruses. Blossom rot, when plants begin to rot, appears due to errors in watering and care.

Loosen the aisles

Therefore, before transplanting, they need to be well watered.

​When growing, the optimum temperature should be from +20 to +25 ° C. If the temperature is below +13°C, you need to cover the peppers with a special material or film. If you see lilac shades on the fruits, this will indicate a violation of the temperature regime.

When the ambient temperature rises to thirty-four degrees, it is necessary to do a little shading so that the flowers do not fade.

Prevention and treatment of diseases

Otherwise, bell peppers are hardy and resistant to germs and insects, often even used as a crop that disinfects the soil before planting cucumbers, tomatoes and other agricultural plants.

Very often, pepper is used to improve the soil before planting other plants, great content essential oils repels insects, after pepper, cucumbers, tomatoes, watermelons grow remarkably.

The flowering process in pepper lasts until the very frost. Do not allow the plant to overheat during flowering. The norm of temperature indicators is + 24- + 26 degrees.​

The seedlings are grown, now you need to think about feeding. Peppers are fed every ten days 2-3 times. The first time feeding is done when the seedlings have two leaves. And if a pick was previously carried out, then they are fed after two weeks, not earlier. To do this, use mineral fertilizers or compost, but the plant does not tolerate fresh manure. And if you want to protect the plant from diseases, then a phytosporin solution will be useful for this: 1.5 liters of water and 0.5 teaspoon of the solution. Protection is carried out along with the procedure for enriching the plant with mineral elements. Seedlings are planted in open ground when the plants begin to form buds and have about 10 leaves, this usually happens in May towards the end of the month. Peppers are responsive to care. If you put your soul into them, they will amaze with their productivity and rich taste. Dare!​

To protect plants Need more often, a couple of days after watering. These procedures provide air access to the roots. But since the roots of the peppers are close to the surface, loosening should be shallow - no deeper than 6 cm.

Water your peppers water is better that has settled, or rainwater. Optimum temperature water for irrigation is from + 24 ° C to + 26 ° C. Before flowering, you need to water once a week, and in the heat - 2 times. The rate for irrigation is up to 12 liters per 1 m2. During flowering and fruiting, it is worth watering 2-3 times during the week. At the same time, the irrigation rate is up to 14 liters per 1 m2.​

Weeds near the pepper must be removed by hand, otherwise the root system may be damaged. In order for the pepper harvest to please you, you must also remember to care for it. It is necessary to prevent the appearance of pests. Sweet pepper is stored for a very long time, and taste qualities it is not lost. Pepper is also used to improve the soil before planting other plants, the high content of essential oils repels insects, after pepper, cucumbers, tomatoes, and watermelons grow remarkably. At home, you can easily plant seedlings that will give a bountiful harvest even when grown on a windowsill. If there is a summer cottage, then sweet, very tasty and full of vitamins pepper can be quite simply grown in greenhouse conditions or on open ground.

We harvest

The plant has been grown, but now, for the purpose of good pollination, it needs a slight shaking during flowering. When fruits are formed, flowering slows down. Pepper stalks should be tied up during fruiting - this way you can protect them from breakage.

Pepper seedlings will delight you with a bountiful harvest if hardened from time to time sunbeams, as well as aeration of the soil (weeding). Therefore, periodic loosening will not interfere.

When transplanting from a cup, the plant is removed along with all the earth in it. This is not difficult to do if the soil is well moistened and the cup itself is soft enough. With such a transplant, the root system remains intact. The plant is carefully placed in the holes dug in advance, sprinkled with earth, and abundant watering of the entire garden is carried out. The most convenient for this culture is a two-row planting, when the plants are planted in a checkerboard pattern, and the distance between the rows is approximately 45 cm.

Sweet pepper is a popular garden crop, most gardeners everywhere are engaged in its cultivation. True, it is not always possible to get a good harvest. Although there are many warm days in the middle lane in summer, the nights often remain quite cool, therefore, due to a lack of heat, it grows and develops slowly. The only way out in this case is the cultivation of this crop through seedlings, which must be sown in the most early dates. As a rule, they start it in February. Experienced gardeners when choosing a day for sowing, they are most often guided by lunar calendar, because the influence of the moon on plant growth has been known for a long time. According to the calendar lunar phases the most favorable for sowing sweet pepper this year is February 10 - 12, 23, 25 and 28.​

from black rot

15 days after planting, they should be the first time

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For landing it is better to choose

The first feeding should be done when 1-2 leaves appear on the pepper seedlings. You need to mix 3 grams of superphosphates, 1 gram of potash fertilizer and 0.5 grams of ammonium nitrate in one liter of water. After 14 days, you need to re-feed your pepper. In this case, the dose of mineral fertilizers should be doubled.

Soil preparation

Planting seedlings if the weather is planned to be cold should not be done, and when frost occurs, all fruits should be immediately plucked. You can also remove the entire plant by hanging it in a dry place for further maturation.

Bell peppers begin to be harvested at a time when the fruits reach maturity, that is, the color characteristic of this variety appears on the surface. It is necessary to collect the fruits carefully, picking each one with both hands, preventing the branches from breaking. Such a collection is carried out once in ten to twelve days, the fruits should not have time to turn red, and the seeds should ripen. If this condition is not met, then the bell pepper will begin to yield crops with a delay, and their abundance will greatly decrease.

Seed preparation

There is no need to create specific conditions for growing sweet bell pepper, expensive agricultural equipment is also not needed.

When the fruits are ripe, carefully pick them up, as they are very fragile. If, after harvesting the first crop, complex top dressing with mineral fertilizers is carried out, then a secondary crop awaits you ahead.

Sowing seeds

On the sixtieth day, seedlings can already be planted in the ground. The ideal time for planting pepper seedlings in open ground is the first half of June, because by this period the danger of frost is reduced to almost nothing.

If the need arises, peppers can be tied up, but this is extremely rarely required.

It is carried out, as a rule, in two stages: first they prepare the soil, and then they begin to prepare the seed.

Seedling picking

, Before planting seedlings, it is necessary to pickle the seeds with potassium permanganate according to the scheme indicated above, and do not plant peppers in the garden after nightshade.

feed with complex mineral fertilizers

cool cloudy day. Plants should be carefully removed from the boxes, being careful not to disturb the roots. It is optimal to plant peppers and peat cups and plant them in the ground together - then the peppers will hurt less.

The soil under the pepper needs to be loosened. Loosening is carried out to a not very great depth (up to 5 cm), since the roots are located in top layer. In addition, it is necessary to hill and weed the plants.

As we can see, it is quite simple to grow sweet peppers correctly even at home, if it is not possible to do this in the country. All care conditions are as simple as possible, harvesting is carried out approximately four months after planting in the soil.​

Transplantation in open ground

You can store pepper for a very long time, from this it does not lose flavor, beneficial properties, which greatly distinguishes the plant from other crops.

You can plant seedlings of bell pepper at home. This is usually done when it is not possible to take advantage of greenhouse conditions or in the absence suburban area. The harvest in this case will not be very plentiful, for a small family this is more than enough.

Pepper has the property of pollination, in this regard, do not plant bitter and sweet peppers next to each other. This can lead to the fact that bitterness can be transmitted to sweet.

It is necessary to plant a plant in one row, keep the distance between plants - 30 - 40 cm, and between rows - 45 - 60 cm. It is undesirable to plant sweet pepper in hot weather, this will cause the leaves to dry out and the plant will wither.

zhenomaniya.ru

For the formation of new shoots in young plants, 18 cm high, you can pinch the growth point.

The cultivation of sweet pepper in our area began from the moment it was brought to us from Bulgaria, in fact, that's why they began to call it Bulgarian. In fact, this vegetable comes from America, from which it migrated to Portugal, then to Turkey, then to Bulgaria, and only then to the lands of Ukraine, Moldova and Russia. Gardeners in our country grow sweet peppers in a greenhouse and on open ground.

Which variety to choose for growing sweet peppers depends on where it will grow.

Since there are lovers who grow peppers on the balcony or on the windowsill, varieties are bred specifically for this purpose. These include undersized plants with medium-sized fruits:

• Watercolor;
• Tomboy;
• Sweetie;
• Chanterelle;
• Yarik;
• Treasure Island.

On the open ground it is advised to plant:

1. Etude;
2. Curiosity;
3. Carat.

Suitable for growing sweet peppers in greenhouses:

• Arnes;
• Alyonushka;
• Chord;
• Atlant;
• Bonus;
• Vesper and others.

Quite common and favorite varieties of this vegetable are:

1. Tenderness;
2. Gift of Moldova;
3. Health;
4. Martin;
5. Winnie the Pooh;
6. California miracle.

But it is not enough just to choose a variety, it is necessary to follow the technology of growing sweet pepper, starting with the selection of seeds and ending with the collection of fruits.

seedling preparation

This tasty, juicy vegetable leaves gardeners no choice but to grow sweet pepper seedlings. It's not at all difficult to do this.

The end of February is the very time when you can start growing sweet pepper seedlings in order to plant flowering shoots in the ground in May.

Let's start with the fact that, first of all, you need to prepare what the seeds will be sown in for further growth. It can be boxes or pots. It is worth noting here that the root system of pepper does not accept crowding.

Seeds. The first step is to soak the seeds to disinfect them. In the technology of growing sweet pepper, it is recommended to do this in the usual 1% solution of potassium permanganate for half an hour.

• pepper is immersed in water with a temperature of up to 50C for 5 hours to swell;
• placed in a damp cloth to pip at room temperature (the process usually takes 2-3 days).

When buying, pay attention to the freshness of the seeds. The fresher they are, the faster the first shoots will appear and the greater the harvest.

The soil. Important point- the bottom of the tank must be drained to avoid stagnant water and rotting. The soil is made up of:

1. one part of peat soil;
2. two parts of humus;
3. one part of sand;
4. recommended for 1kg of a mixture of the above components, add 1 tablespoon of ash.

Before sending the seeds to the ground, it must be watered. For irrigation, warm water and a weak solution of potassium permanganate are used. After sowing, the seeds are sprinkled with a layer of soil for half a centimeter.

Top dressing. To fertilize seedlings use the following solution:

• water - 0.5 liters;
• ammonium nitrate - 0.5 g;
• superphosphate - 3g;
• potash fertilizers - 1g.

1. the first - when 2 full leaves appear, using the fertilizer solution in the indicated quantities;
2. the second - when there are 4 leaves or 14 days after the first, using a fertilizer solution, doubling the dose;
3. the third - 2 days before transplanting seedlings into open ground, increasing the dose of fertilizers in solution up to 8g.

It should be done once and foliar top dressing (i.e. spraying) in order to obtain the best fruits.

Sowing seeds. Here it is necessary to separate sowing in a box and sowing in cups.

If sowing will be done in a box, then this should be done like this:

• put drainage on the bottom;
• pour 7-8 cm of earthen mixture over it;
• level the surface of the soil in the box;
• make grooves at a distance of 5-6 cm;
• spread the seeds into grooves at a distance of 1-2 cm from each other;
• on top of the grooves in the box, cover with a layer of humus soil or sand about 0.5 cm thick;
• lightly compact the soil without pressing it.

If the seeds are placed in glasses, then:

1. the soil is moistened in a glass;
2. holes are made, the depth of which is approximately 1 cm;
3. 1 seed is placed in the hole and sprinkled with earth;
4. a plastic bag is put on the glass, which remains on it until germination.

Temperature regime. Pepper is a thermophilic plant. The daytime temperature for growing seedlings should be 25C-27C, at night it should not be lower than 13C-11C.

There are some nuances in the question of how to grow sweet pepper seedlings:

• container with seedlings should be in a warm place;
• it is very good if the container is covered with polyethylene;
• daily you need to check the soil and prevent drying out;
• watering seedlings should be carried out with warm settled water;
• do not allow drafts and a cold window sill for seedlings;
• loves light, so seedlings need to be provided with bulb light for as long as the day would last if it were summer (from 8 am to 8 pm).

Garden preparation

The soil for growing sweet pepper is prepared in two stages: in autumn and spring.

In autumn, it is necessary to remove the earth from the predecessors of pepper. It is better if the pepper is planted in the soil in which it grew before:

1. cabbage;
2. beans;
3. cucumbers;
4. carrot;
5. pumpkin;
6. vegetable marrow;
7. grain crops.

In autumn, the ground should be prepared by the following actions:

• grind plant residues;
• fertilize the land with phosphate and potash fertilizers;
• plow the soil to a depth of 30cm;
• carry out land planning;
• perform deep cultivation.

In the spring, prepare the ground as follows:

1. harrow the soil, which will close the moisture and level the ground;
2. before planting seedlings, cultivate the earth up to 15 cm deep;
3. before planting seedlings, treat the beds with trichodermin to destroy spores of pathogenic fungi.

Landing

Planting seedlings in the ground is best done on a cloudy June day or in the late afternoon on a normal day. The period for planting in open ground lasts from late May to mid-June.

If a decision is made to grow sweet peppers in a greenhouse, then best time for this will be the beginning of April.

Plants are placed in holes, the distance between which should be 50-60 cm, the distance between the beds - 60 cm. At the end of the planting of sweet pepper seedlings in the ground, it is recommended to cover the bed with plants with a film, which will speed up the process of acceptance and the beginning of growth.

Further care

When growing sweet pepper, we must not forget that this plant is quite fragile and is prone to breaking off not only leaves during careless handling, but also entire branches.

Further care and technology for growing sweet peppers come down to timely watering the plant, weeding the beds, feeding and garter.

If sweet pepper is grown in a greenhouse, then when planting seedlings, pegs are immediately installed to avoid injury to the plant later.

Pepper in the first one and a half - two weeks looks a little wilted, but do not be afraid - this is its normal state. It is very important at this moment not to “fill in” the plant. Your care of the vegetable at this stage is to gently loosen the soil around the plant, and thus provide it with additional oxygen.

Watering when growing this crop before flowering occurs twice a week, after the appearance of flowers, ovary and fruit growth, it becomes more plentiful, and must be done under the root, preferably with warm water (about 22 degrees). The ideal type of irrigation is the drip method.

• water - barrel;
• mullein - 1 bucket;
• coltsfoot;
• dandelion;
• nettle;
• woodlice;
• ash - 10-12 tablespoons.

All components are mixed in a barrel, left for 7-10 days, and after a week, natural, natural complementary foods are ready. Each bush is watered with one liter of this mixture. In order for the harvest of sweet pepper to please you in the end, you should adhere to all the rules of agricultural technology.

Video “How to grow a good crop of sweet pepper”

A video from gardening experts showing you how to grow sweet peppers for maximum yield.