Early spring radish. Radishes: planting and care in the open field, growing from seeds Soil temperature for planting radishes

Growing radishes in the autumn has some peculiarities. And in order to get large, juicy root crops of this crop, you need to know when to plant radishes in the fall, how to care for them, which varieties to use.

When and what kind of radish is planted in autumn in a greenhouse and open ground

It is necessary to plant radishes in open ground in early September (at the end of August). In greenhouses, planting is carried out no later than September 20. With such sowing dates, root crops will ripen in the fall. The best predecessors of radish on the ridges will be:

cucumbers;
tomatoes;
pepper;
potato;
legume crops.

Radishes can be planted on the ridge after growing pepper on it

Do not plant radishes after radish, daikon, cabbage, and other cruciferous. He and these cultures are united by the same diseases.

Radishes should not be grown in one place for more than 3 years, otherwise it will lead to soil depletion.

The last wave of autumn planting of radishes can be made in late autumn, after November 15, during the period of stable cold weather (before winter). The harvest from this planting will be ready in the spring, but it will ripen 2-3 weeks earlier than with spring crops of any radish variety.

For autumn plantings predominantly choose early-ripening varieties with elongated root crops:

18 days. The root crop is not very large, pink in color, with a white tip.
French breakfast. Resistant to bloom.
Duet. The fruits are pink with a white tip.

Photo gallery: early ripening radish varieties

Duet is an excellent variety for planting in the fall Radish French breakfast is good for autumn cultivation Radishes 18 days grown for autumn consumption

The maturity of these varieties is from 18 to 25 days. Such root crops are not stored, but eaten. For storage, the Red Giant, Autumn Giant varieties are suitable.

The red giant is a late variety with cylindrical large pink roots weighing about 120 grams. The time interval between the emergence of seedlings of radishes and harvesting is estimated at 50 days. Root crops are stored for up to 4 months at a temperature of about zero.

Variety Red giant is planted in a greenhouse to obtain a crop for storage

The autumn giant is also stored for a long time (up to 2 months). Its growing season is one month. Rounded flattened fruits have a white skin.

The harvest of the Autumn giant ripens in a month

In order for these varieties to fully mature, in the fall it will be more reliable to plant them in a greenhouse.

Video: correct agricultural practices for autumn radishes in a greenhouse

For the last plantings, before winter, it is worth choosing varieties Zarya (18‒25 days) and Heat (15‒18 days). The main criterion for their selection is resistance to the formation of arrows, frost, lack of light.

Radish Zhara is chosen for sowing in late autumn

These varieties are also suitable for sowing for autumn consumption.

Video: Heat and Zarya varieties - September harvest

Seeding Instructions

When planting radishes in September, fertilizers are applied to the ridges freed from plant residues based on 1 m 2 of land:

2-3 kg of humus,
1 st. l. potassium sulfate and superphosphate (these fertilizers can be replaced with a glass of wood ash),
1 tsp urea.

The earth with fertilizers is dug up or loosened well.

In autumn, radish seeds are planted in the ground less often than in spring.. It is necessary to take into account that the plants have enough space to grow, and they have good lighting. sunbeams during short daylight hours.

The norm (standard) of autumn sowing of radish seeds is 1g / 1m2 (about 125 pieces).

Landing is carried out as follows:

In the garden, furrows are made 15–20 cm apart.
Water them with water, you can from the dispenser.
The seeds are scattered into the grooves, keeping the distance between the seeds 5–7 cm. The seed planting depth is 1.5–2 cm.
From above they fall asleep with earth.

Features of care

For getting good harvest In autumn, radishes need to be properly looked after:

After 4–5 days after germination, when two true leaves appear on the sprouts, the extra sprouts are removed and 8–10 cm are left between plants.
Every 4-5 days the ridge is weeded from weeds.
To maintain moderate humidity, the ridge is watered twice a week. If the weather is hot, plantings are irrigated every 2 days.
During the growth period, when the size of the root crop reaches the size of a match head (cherry seed), the radish is fed by scattering ammonium nitrate (1 tbsp / 10 m 2) over the bed, and the bed is well watered.
So that the earth is not covered with a crust, after watering or rain it is loosened.

Radishes are harvested before the onset of autumn frosts, preferably in the morning.

Video: planting radishes in the fall

Radish is one of the record holders for the content of vitamin C, it contains B vitamins and a whole range of minerals important for humans. Eating the product improves the functioning of the urinary system, bronchi, liver, heart, and helps to restore and cleanse the body. There is no summer resident who would not grow radishes in his garden. The agricultural technology of this culture is not complicated, but it has its own characteristics that you need to know.

When determining the timing of planting, one should take into account the growing season of the variety, the climatic features of the region, and the recommendations of the lunar calendar.

Depending on the cultivar

Depending on the length of the growing season, radish varieties are divided into several groups with different terms maturation. This factor affects the timing of planting crops:

early ripe - ripen in 18-20 days;
early - ripen in 20-30 days;
mid-ripening - ripen in 30-35 days;
late-ripening - ripen in 36-45 days.

Landing the most early varieties can be produced as soon as warm weather sets in and the sun begins to bake. Radish is a cold-resistant crop and can easily withstand frosts down to -5-6°C, but at low positive temperatures, it will take a long time to wait for seedlings.

If it is +10°C to +15°C outside, the sprouts will sprout in a week. When the air warms up to + 18-22 ° C, shoots will appear on the 4th day. The root crop itself develops best at a temperature of +20°C. It is from these data that you need to build on when sowing.

In the regions

When carrying out sowing work, it is necessary to take into account the climatic features of the current spring. In each region, the weather, favorable for sowing radishes in the ground, comes at its own time:

for the South of Russia, sowing is allowed in the last days of March;
in the middle lane, radishes are sown closer to mid-April;
V Leningrad region in favorable weather, sowing begins at the end of April;
in Siberia and the Urals, sowing is done in early May or somewhat later.

On a note! To harvest radishes continuously for a long time, sow them 2-3 times with an interval of 1.5-2 weeks.

When to sow radishes in the spring in 2019 according to the lunar calendar

According to the lunar calendar, each culture has its own favorable and Not auspicious days sowing. For vegetables that produce crops in the aerial part, and root crops, these dates do not coincide.

All other days are considered neutral in terms of the influence of the phases of the moon. Planting in such time periods will not give either a significant acceleration or a delay in the growth of radishes.

Growing radishes outdoors

Radishes are good because they do not require a seedling method of growing. Seeds can be planted directly into the ground. The agrotechnics of this culture is simple, but, nevertheless, it must be adhered to.

Location selection

For a garden bed for radishes, you need to allocate a place that will be illuminated by sunlight from the south, east or west for at least several hours a day. The site must be protected from strong winds drying up the soil. Clay soil is not suitable for this culture.

Radish prefers loose and light soil with a neutral or slightly acidic reaction. Heavy clay soil can be improved by adding additional sand and peat.

On a note! Radishes are among those crops that do not benefit from greenhouse soil. In the greenhouse, the plant begins to actively grow tops, and the root crops are loose and tasteless.

A bed for a root crop is prepared in the fall. If you haven't had time to do this, it's not too late to start preparing the soil in the spring. The earth must be dug up, loosened and organic fertilizers applied (1 bucket of compost or humus per square meter of area). Together with fertilizers, the earth is once again dug up on a shovel bayonet.

Additionally, mineral fertilizers are also applied for digging (40 g of superphosphate and 20 g of potassium sulfide per sq. M from autumn and 15 g ammonium nitrate spring). 2 weeks before sowing, the earth is loosened and the surface of the beds is leveled.

Crop rotation

Crop rotation rules should be observed so that the land is not severely depleted and not infected with insect larvae and fungal spores, to which the crop that will be planted in this area is vulnerable. Each cultivated plant has its own list of desirable and undesirable predecessors, as well as followers.

All crops are suitable for radish as predecessors, except for related plants from the cruciferous family (these are vegetables such as cabbage, lettuce, mustard, daikon, radish and radish itself). If you want to get good large root crops, consider the recommendations of experts.

Presowing preparation of seeds increases the percentage of their germination, accelerates germination, and increases the viability of seedlings. For this, the following procedures are carried out:

Calibration. Seeds are calibrated with a saline solution to weed out empty and dried seeds in advance. The solution is prepared from 200 ml of water and 1 tsp. salt. Seeds are poured into salt water and wait 5-10 minutes. Those seeds that settle to the bottom are suitable for planting, they are washed in clean water. Floating seeds can be thrown away, there will be no sense from them.
Disinfection. The easiest method to pickle the seeds is soaking in a weak solution of potassium permanganate for 20-30 minutes. As a result of this procedure, bacteria, viruses, fungal spores that could be stored in planting material. Some use a solution of hydrogen peroxide instead of potassium permanganate. After manipulation, the seeds must be washed in running water.
Soaking in a solution of growth stimulants. You can use drugs such as Epin, Zircon, Heteroauxin, aloe juice. The drugs must be used in accordance with the instructions. Such processing increases the immunity of plants, improves their adaptive abilities, and accelerates growth. After soaking in stimulants, the seeds are not washed in water, but immediately dried and used for planting.

It is necessary to dry the seeds so that they do not stick together, but remain free-flowing. After carrying out all three types of processing in stages, you will receive material completely ready for planting.

On a note! When sowing in early spring it is recommended to harden the seeds, which consists in alternating contrasting temperatures. For 3 days, the seeds wrapped in cloth contain during the day room conditions and placed in the refrigerator overnight.

Sowing radish can be done different ways. Here, as they say, who is into what much. The classical method involves sowing in grooves 2-3 cm deep and row-spacing 15-20 cm wide. Before planting, the furrows must be shed with water, and after sowing, the seeds are sprinkled with earth and compacted. Sowing technology may be somewhat different:

The sowing method under the film is applied in early spring at low temperatures.. Radishes sown under cover will give an earlier harvest.

At the initial stage, they act in the same way as with the classical method of sowing. Seeds are planted in grooves, sprinkled with soil and the plantings are compacted. Then, arcs are installed above the bed, which are covered with a film on top. This method is also used in dry windy weather so that the soil does not dry out.

Recently, the sowing method using a lattice from under the eggs has taken root. It's perfect for owners. small plot which save space.

The land before such sowing does not require thorough cleaning of weed rhizomes, since weeding will not be needed in the future. In this case, the egg grate is used as a kind of cassette. It is pressed into the ground, resulting in evenly spaced cells. A small hole must be made in each of the cells in advance. Then the seeds are laid out in the holes at the bottom of the cassettes and covered with soil.

An even more economical method of sowing involves the use of a board with teeth made on it. leaving holes in the ground with a depth of 1-2 cm and located in increments of 5x5 cm.

The board, which plays the role of a marker, is placed with the teeth down and walked on it so that it presses more tightly into the ground and leaves holes there. Seeds are then placed in each of these holes. Landing is carried out without row spacing, per 1 square. m area in this way you can place up to 400 pieces of seeds and collect up to 5 kg of crop.

Proper landing is only half the battle. Without proper care, seedlings will not germinate or will be weak.

It is not necessary to fill the beds with the same crop. Combined plantings allow you to get more vegetables in one area. In addition, plants can have a beneficial effect on each other. For example, planting bush beans next to radishes will improve their flavor and repel the cruciferous flea.

Crops such as lettuce and head lettuce can also act as pest protectors.

Greens are suitable as neighbors for radishes: spinach, dill, parsley. Nearby you can plant,, cabbage,.
In the immediate vicinity will grow well: cucumbers, , , corn, peas.

Caring for radishes after sowing

The first days after sowing, the radish especially needs careful and regular care. When the plants get stronger, they need less attention.

watering

Radish is a crop that needs high humidity. Only regular watering can provide it. It is necessary to irrigate a bed with a radish daily. Drying out the soil can cause the sprouts to die. Radishes are best watered in the morning. Plants will need the most moisture during the period when root crops begin to pour. But you need to remember that everything needs a balance. From excessive waterlogging, radishes can rot, so do not turn the bed into a swamp.

Radish thinning is started 5 days after germination. By this time, the plants have two true leaves. Thin out the seedlings so that the seedlings are at a distance of 2 cm from each other. This will cause the foliage to stretch upward, which prevents the formation of arrows.

After 30 days, you can thin out the radishes again. This time, weak sprouts are pulled out and attention is paid to thickened places. The third time, the procedure is carried out shortly before harvesting, removing ripe and large root crops, and leaving small ones to build up mass.

Thinning is carried out only after watering, when the ground is soft enough. When pulling out very young shoots, the soil near the remaining plants is held with hands. This procedure is necessary to increase the quantity and improve the quality of the crop.

If the radish was sown in fertilized soil, it does not need top dressing. The growing season of the plant is quite short. In the event that the soil has not been fertilized and the plants do not grow very well, a single nitrogen fertilization is carried out.

You can add an infusion of mullein, chicken manure or mineral fertilizer to the soil (1 tablespoon of ammonium nitrate per 10 liters of water).

During the fruit pouring period, it is permissible to feed the radish with ash infusion, but this is completely optional.

Many summer residents avoid fertilizing under radishes, as it is widely believed that the culture is prone to the accumulation of nitrates.

Diseases and pests

Any diseases simply do not have time to develop in a short growing season. The most formidable pest that can damage the radish is the cruciferous flea.

The impact of insects can be recognized by the slow growth of seedlings and the appearance of malformed leaves. As a preventive measure, plantings are dusted with wood ash or tobacco dust. You can also cover the crops with a film or agrotextile.

Answers to frequently asked questions

For beginners, it is not always clear what kind of mistakes when growing radishes lead to certain problems. But the answers to such questions are known to specialists who willingly share information with everyone.

What to do so that the radish is not bitter

There are several reasons why the root crop grows bitter. This can happen if the radish did not have enough moisture or oxygen as a result of overgrowing of ridges with weeds, too dense plantings. Fruits also acquire a bitter taste as a result of overripe. That is why radishes need to be watered in a timely manner, thinned out, weeded and loosened. It is necessary to harvest the crop in a timely manner.

On a note! You can remove bitterness from radishes by soaking the roots for half an hour in salt water.

The most common cause of radish bolting is hot weather, which is why it is best to grow the crop in spring and late summer. The optimum temperature for growing root crops is 18-20°C.

Improper watering, both too rare and plentiful, can also lead to the appearance of an arrow. Water the bed in such a mode that the earth always remains slightly moist..

The lack of moisture is especially dangerous at the time of the appearance of the first pair of true leaves. The third reason is the excess amount of light. Radishes are among the crops that need a short daylight hours. If growing during the summer months, cover the bed with opaque material from 6 pm to 6 am.

How to prevent radish cracking

On early stages growing radishes to cracking is caused by uneven watering and too dense plantings. With dense sowing, the plants begin to experience a lack of light, which leads to the fact that the roots burst. The same thing happens if the plant is deficient in moisture and suddenly receives it immediately in large volumes.

It is impossible to overexpose ripe radishes in the garden, this will also lead to cracking. Additional prevention of an undesirable phenomenon will be the use of selected fresh seeds and compliance with crop rotation rules.

How many times can radishes be planted per season

To get a good harvest of radish, it is planted up to 4 times per season with a break for hot summer periods. The first sowing is done in April, the second time the crop is planted with seedlings in early June, the third planting is carried out again by seedlings at the border of July and August, the 4th sowing is carried out in the last days of summer. In order to harvest radishes in the fall, heated greenhouses are used in the northern regions, and in the middle lane the crop ripens right on the ridge.

How to grow a large radish - video

The benefits of the root crop have been proven scientific research. Juicy sweet radish is loved by both old and young, and to make it just like that, use the tips that we shared. Then you will be happy to send the root crop to your mouth directly from the garden or add it daily to salads on your table.

It is possible to plant radishes in open ground in spring only at certain times, which depend on a number of factors. It is also important to follow the recommendations of the Lunar calendar, since sowing seeds on favorable days contributes to a rich harvest.

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What determines the timing of planting radishes in the spring

Sowing time depends on several factors:

from weather conditions and climate;
from a radish variety;
from the phase of the moon.

Weather conditions of the region

To choose the right sowing time, you need to focus not on the month in the calendar, but on the air temperature in the region:

during the day it should be more than + 10 ° C;
around +5°C at night.

During this period, the soil is still wet, and daylight hours are short. These are the most favorable conditions for seed germination, so they will sprout in a week.

If you plant radishes at temperatures below +10°C, then the emergence of seedlings will be slightly delayed, although it will not affect their yield. Late plantings will germinate in 3 days, but there is a chance of arrows appearing early due to the heat and long daylight hours. This will greatly reduce the amount of harvest.

Moscow region and middle lane. Here it is better to plant a vegetable from the third decade of March until the end of May.
In the Leningrad region optimal timing will be the beginning of April - the third decade of May.
In the European part and Siberia, the root crop is sown no earlier than the beginning of May. In the Urals, this period can be shifted downward by 7–10 days.
In the southern regions of Russia, in Krasnodar, Rostov region or in the Kuban, radishes are planted at the end of March.

Vegetable variety

The planting time of varieties is calculated based on weather conditions and ripening dates. The period of active growth of the vegetable should fall on a warm time, but before the appearance of summer heat. Optimal conditions for root growth +20°C.

There are 3 types of radishes:

early ripe;
mid-season;
late ripening.

From early varieties, you can start harvesting fruits 3 weeks after germination, from medium varieties - after a month, and a late-ripening vegetable ripens for about 40 days.

Recently, early ripening varieties have appeared that give the first fruits already 18 days after germination. This is possible only when the necessary temperature conditions are created.

Early varieties:

18 days;
Alyoshka F1;
Ultra Early Red.

Varieties with a white tail (18 days, French breakfast) should not be planted too early. With a long stay of their seeds in cold ground, the fruits will be hollow.

Radish variety 18 days Radish variety Ultra early red Radish varieties Alyoshka F1

In order to please yourself with a vitamin-rich vegetable for longer, it is better to sow several varieties. The beds are planted with a difference of a week, they warm one after another, extending the harvesting period.

early ripe radish

Of the early ripe varieties, they showed themselves well:

Kitty Kitty;
Cherry bella;
Dawn;
Heat;
French breakfast;
Early Red;
Premier.

These varieties can be planted from the third decade of March until April 5-6. The maximum landing date is April 10 (under bad weather conditions).

auspicious days

The most suitable days for growing radishes in 2019 are:

in March - from 20 to 23;
in April - from 6 to 9, 20, as well as in the period from 23 to 26;
in May - 7,8,9,10 numbers, as well as the time from May 19, 20, 22, 23 and 24.

bad days

Such days of 2019 are not suitable for planting radishes:

in March - 2, 4, 13, 14, 16;
in April - 1, 14, 15, 19;
in May - 1, 2, 6, 14, 21, 30, 31.

Radishes are a popular spring vegetable. It is grown in vegetable gardens and fields because of its cold resistance, precocity, productivity, excellent palatability, opportunities to receive early products. It is not difficult to grow root crops, but it is still useful to know the intricacies of planting radishes in open ground in spring, so that you can count on a good harvest and avoid plant shooting. Let's consider all the stages in detail.

Radish varieties are divided into early, mid-season and late-ripening. The first are for spring sowing and early harvest, the second - for summer and autumn sowing and harvesting, respectively, in September-October. Early radish ripens on average in just 3 weeks, mid- and late-ripening - in 1-1.5 months, but its roots are larger and can be stored.

The most famous varieties of radish for growing in their summer cottage:

18 days - ultra-early variety, elongated cylindrical root crop, pink color, white tail. The pulp is dense white color, mildly acute.
Zhara is an early variety, ripens in 18-20 days. Radishes are round in shape, red-raspberry in color, their flesh is tender, juicy, with a slightly spicy taste.
French breakfast - an early variety, you can harvest on the 21-23rd day. Root crops of a cylindrical form, red-crimson color with a white tip. Pulp of slightly sharp taste.
Carmen is an early variety, ripens in 20 days, the root crop is rounded, red in color, slightly spicy in taste.
Cardinal is a mid-early hybrid. Resistant to bloom. Radishes are round and red.
Red giant - the variety belongs to mid-season. The carmine-red root ripens in 1-1.5 months and grows up to 150 g. The flesh is white-pink, with a good taste.
Octave - mid-season radish. The root crop is rounded, white in color, with delicate pulp, dense, no voids are formed in it.
The red giant is a late variety. Root crops are large, weighing up to 300 g, with pink-red skin and white sweet-spicy pulp.

When choosing a variety for planting, many gardeners are interested in whether a radish called 18 days really grows in such a period? In fact, this result can only be achieved under ideal weather conditions, so it is mostly harvested a few days later. However, it is not worth it to deliberately overexpose the root crops in the beds, hoping that they will still grow: in this case, they quickly coarsen, become fibrous and hollow.

When to sow radishes outdoors

The quality of the entire crop directly depends on the timing of planting radishes. This vegetable is cold-resistant and can easily endure a cold snap or even slight frosts, so you can start growing early radishes from the end of March to the beginning of April, as soon as it gets warmer. You can sow the whole of April and until mid-May and use only early varieties.

It is not recommended to sow later, plants in the conditions of a long day will go into the arrow, while the roots will be small, hard, or they will not exist at all. The optimal length of daylight hours for this crop is 8-10 hours, after it reaches 14 hours, you need to take a break in sowing the vegetable.

You should know that radish sprouts after sowing through:

1.5-2 weeks at air temperature up to +10 °C;
1 week at a temperature of +10…+15 °С;
3 days at a temperature of +15…+20 °С.

Ground temperature during planting should be at least 2-3 °C.

When choosing the right time for planting, you can navigate by lunar calendar. In 2018 auspicious days for planting radishes are:

March 20-23;
6-9, 19-20, 23-29 April;
7-10, 19-24 May.

To create a vitamin product pipeline, radish seeding can be done all spring every 1-2 weeks. Summer sowing is carried out throughout July, and at the onset of August they are already finishing. In this case, the crop is harvested in September-October. You can sow radishes before winter.

Sometimes a radish is transplanted to another place if it has been heavily sown. Do this when she has 2 true leaves. But, some gardeners argue that nothing good can be expected from transplanted plants, since their root system is damaged.

How to grow radishes outdoors

Important components of growing radishes in open ground are: the choice of a suitable variety, the right time for planting and the correct sowing, compliance with necessary rules plant care. Only by fulfilling all these conditions of agricultural technology can one count on the fact that it will be possible to get a decent harvest.

Site selection and soil preparation for planting

For growing radishes in open ground, you do not need to allocate a special area, you can plant it on a garden bed, where you can then place some other vegetables. A place for radish should be chosen so that it is lit by the sun in the first half of the day, and in partial shade in the second half. If the selected area is illuminated by the sun throughout the day, then over the ridges you need to install arcs on which to stretch the agrofiber in the afternoon.

Before this crop, cruciferous plants should not grow on the selected beds: cabbage, mustard, watercress. The best predecessors of radishes are nightshade, legumes, pumpkin, bad ones are all cruciferous and the vegetable itself. In general, it is better to sow this vegetable every year in a fresh place.

For early spring radishes, it is better to prepare the site in the fall. The earth needs to be dug deep, add a bucket of rotted humus for each m2 and leave until spring. Fresh manure cannot be brought in. Break the clods in the spring, dig the ground again and level it. If fertilizers were not applied in the fall, then this can always be done in the spring. For each m2, add 10-15 g of saltpeter, 15-20 g of potassium sulfide and 20-25 g of superphosphate. Add sand to clay soil to make it lighter.

Seed preparation

You need to purchase seeds of the variety you like in special packages from trusted manufacturers - this is a guarantee that the radish is really varietal. Before sowing it on the beds, seeds should be prepared in order to select the best ones and enhance their germination. For example, in order to select only viable strong seeds, you need to prepare a saline solution in a cup (50 g of salt per 1 liter of water), pour seeds into it and wait until some of them float. Remove them, drain the water, disinfect the remaining wet seeds in a 1% solution of potassium permanganate for 15 minutes. Then rinse them in water and dry until dry. Optionally, you can soak radish seeds in growth stimulants such as Zircon or Epin.

With early spring sowing of seeds, which is carried out at the end of March, hardening can be carried out, which will increase their resistance to possible temperature changes. Hardening is carried out as follows: wrap the seeds in a damp cloth, leave warm for 1 day, then put in the refrigerator for about 4 hours, then keep warm again. Alternate exposure to different temperatures until the seeds germinate.

How to plant a radish in open ground

The soil on which radishes grow best should be loose and moist. Grooves for seeds need to be made superficial, it is not necessary to bury them deep into the ground. Best Depth planting - 1 cm. The grooves are shed with water, then the radishes are laid out piece by piece at a distance of 5 cm and sprinkled with earth. Row spacing is 10 cm or more.

In order not to thin out seeds accidentally sown too thick, you can sow them under the marker. It is made from a wooden plank with cloves spaced 5 cm apart. To use this marker, you need well-leveled soil in the garden so that the ruler lies flat and the teeth leave prints on it. Such a marker can also be used to form dense plantings when no row spacing is left. Then from m2 of beds it will be possible to harvest up to 5 kg of crop. Another option for precision seeding is to plant radishes in egg trays that are pre-cut at the bottom. Such trays need to be laid out on the ridges next to each other, covered with earth and sown in each cell 1 seed.

You can also plant radish seeds in open ground in spring with a manual seeder - in this case, sowing will be the most accurate. If, nevertheless, the culture is sown densely, then it is thinned out approximately on the 5th day after germination. The weakest plants are pulled out and the strongest ones are left.

For winter planting of radishes in open ground, a site is chosen on level ground or with a slight slope to the south or southeast. It should not be flooded with melt water and be located in a place blown by the winds. Radish before winter is sown in the second half of October, with the onset of frost. Close up according to the same planting scheme, cover with earth, and cover the beds with peat or compost from above, mulch with a leaf, straw, hay. A layer of mulch should be sufficient so that the seeds do not disappear in winter, if suddenly it is not snowy enough. In the spring, as soon as the snow melts, the mulch is removed. Winter sowing makes it possible to get an ultra-early harvest earlier than any radish sown in the spring can keep up.

Care

Everyone can grow early radishes in their beds, but you need to follow some rules. After sowing the seeds, the earth is watered every day until shoots appear. Soil moisture should be within 80%, so watering is necessary not only for seedlings, but also for adult plants that form a root crop: if there is little moisture, the radish will be bitter, and at high temperatures it can go into the arrow.

There should be no stagnant moisture either: in wet ground, radishes can get sick with a black leg or keel. It is also necessary to ensure that the irrigation is uniform, otherwise, with a sharp change in soil moisture, the roots will crack. Watering is best in the mornings and evenings. It is also necessary to loosen and weed the beds in a timely manner. You need to act carefully so as not to hurt the plants and not cut them. You can also sprinkle the ground around the radishes with sawdust, hay, grass, so as not to loosen and weed.

You can feed radishes both organically and mineral fertilizers. Manure can only be used rotted, fresh radish does not like - plants shoot from it. After the next fertilization, vegetables need to be mulched with peat to make the soil more airy. At proper cultivation radish is neat, juicy, crispy, without coarse fibers and voids.

Harvest and storage

Harvest radishes as they ripen. Root crops are pulled out selectively, taking the tops and simply pulling on it. First, those vegetables that have reached the size characteristic of the variety are harvested. The rest remain to ripen and enlarge. The smallest radishes, if they do not grow, will have to be pulled out as they are - they will not become larger. A few of the largest and most beautiful specimens can be left to seed if the radish is varietal.

Harvested vegetables can be consumed immediately, or sent for storage in the refrigerator (for early varieties, where they can lie for 1-2 weeks) and in the cellar (for late varieties, they will lie in it for up to 2 months).

Diseases and pests: the fight against them

Radishes can be attacked by pests and infected with diseases. If you do not fight them, there will be no harvest. Therefore, at the first signs of morbidity or damage, measures must be taken. For example, if the radish is sick:

Kiloy - pull out plants and burn them. Add lime to the ground and do not plant a crop in this place for 4 years.
Powdery mildew - treat plants with copper-containing fungicides + crop rotation.
Bacteriosis - spray plantings with Bordeaux mixture.

Processing from pests of the cruciferous flea and whitefish can be carried out with insecticides, but first it is better to try using infusions of wormwood, tobacco, celandine or wormwood. On early ripe varieties it is best to do with folk remedies.

Expert opinion

Maria Vlasova

gardener

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Planting radishes in open ground and growing them is a simple process, any gardener can master it. And in order for them to be successful, it is necessary to adhere to the sequence and rules for growing a crop: only in this case it will be possible to hope for a return on its part.

For all its unpretentiousness, radish is a specific culture, quite cold-resistant, but not tolerant of heat. Maintaining the optimum temperature at different stages of radish growth will allow you to control the development of tops and the formation of root crops.

With a lack of heat, the growing season increases, with an excess, the chances of shooting increase.

Differences between growing in open ground and in a greenhouse or greenhouse

Growing radishes in greenhouses allows you to regulate the microclimate, get a crop in early spring, while planting in open ground is a less troublesome task. There will be no significant difference in the temperature regime, with the only difference being that plantings in open ground are subject to large changes in heat and cold, depending on cloudy or sunny weather.

It is also possible to achieve a good harvest if it is possible to place plantings outside residential premises - for example, on a glazed balcony or loggia. For a home garden, you should choose early-ripening varieties that are resistant to low light., drought and flowering - such as:

"Dawn".
"Early Red".
"18 days".
"Quart".

The maximum and minimum allowable values of the thermometer reading

Since radish is an early ripening crop, crops are not buried in the soil, the seeds are laid to a depth of 2 to 2.5 centimeters(read more about sowing radishes in April). At what minimum temperature seeds germinate? Due to the frost resistance of the grown radish, this value for seeds will be -4°C on the soil, and adult plants are able to tolerate short-term frosts down to -6°C.

But the limit high temperature is +24°C air. An increase in temperature will stop the growth of the root crop, make it flabby, dry and bitter.

When can I sow outdoors?

in the garden should be loose, and with early sowing - April 12-20, the grooves are additionally shed hot water. For radish germination, +1..+2 °С is enough, but under such conditions, the development of plants will be slow.
Before germination (usually 4-5 days), the most favorable temperature will be +20 ° C, which can be achieved by covering the beds with agro-canvas or.
Important! When shoots appear, daytime covering with a film should be stopped and, until the formation of the first leaf, focus on a temperature of +6 to +14 ° C.
This is required so that the development of the tops is not overly active to the detriment of the formation of root crops. In April-May, daily temperature changes are most noticeable, so early spring plantings can continue to be covered with a film at night.
The advantage of the agricultural canvas is that the tender shoots of young sprouts do not suffer under it from overheating on sunny days. And besides creating a greenhouse effect, the canvas also performs a protective function against the appearance of earthen fleas, so its use is also recommended for late sowing of radishes.
For already grown plantings and during growth, the temperature can reach +24 ° C, subject to daily watering (read more about how to properly water radishes in open ground, in a greenhouse and on a windowsill). At a relative humidity of air and soil of 70% and proper care, the radish crop can be obtained 20 days after the seeds are planted in the ground.

Optimal soil and air temperature conditions

Before fruiting radishes on sunny days, it is appropriate to fluctuate air temperature from +20 to +22 ° C, while the soil should be warmed up to +15 .. +16 ° C. In cloudy weather, favorable air temperature is from +7 to +9 °С. At night, cooling down to +5 .. +6 ° С is permissible.

During the formation of radish root crops in sunny weather, the temperature should not exceed +18 °C, on cloudy days it should not fall below +14 °C. At night optimum temperature air +8.. +10 °С, on soil - also +15.. +16 °С.

Thus, from 6 to 20 days after sowing, it is important to maintain a moderate temperature without shading the beds artificially not to provoke.

To get several harvests of radishes per season, when planting in July or August, in order to prevent an excess of heat, you can resort to watering on hot days. cold water.

What should be for rapid growth?

From radish variety and quality seed depends on the timing of the harvest. However, the time from sowing to harvest can be controlled by controlling soil and air temperature. Consider the most comfortable temperature regime for growing radish and its seeds in open ground:

for seed germination, air and soil temperatures of +5 .. +8 ° С are needed;
for the growth of radishes, the air temperature should be +14 ° C, soil +10 .. +12 ° C;
grows rapidly at air temperature +20 °С, soil +16 .. +18 °С.

Note! maintenance temperature regime for accelerated growth is unacceptable during the initial stage of root formation, otherwise only the tops will grow quickly.

Is the vegetable afraid of frost or not, what can it withstand?

Often, radishes are sown immediately, as soon as the snow has melted, and the earth has thawed at least four centimeters deep. Short frosts from -4 to -6 °C can stop growth, but will not affect the quality of the future crop. For adult plants, small frosts are even useful - radishes will grow juicy and tasty.

But prolonged cooling significantly slows down the development of plants, reduces beneficial features root crops that grow hollow and tasteless. A significant drop in temperature is guaranteed to destroy crops.

Are radishes that sensitive?

It may seem that the plant, declared as unpretentious, is too sensitive to violation of the temperature regime, and it is too difficult task. But in practice, correctly selected varieties are already half the success. A little attention, the use of agro-cloth or covering with a film, watering with cold water on hot days - and all spring, summer and even the beginning of autumn, a harvest of juicy and beautiful radishes will be provided.

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