Mushrooms in the garden. How to grow champignons in the country? Preparation of mycelium - inoculum

Kira Stoletova

In the summer, gardeners practice the cultivation of champignons in the country in open field. The technology of disembarkation and care does not require special knowledge and is available even to beginners.

Preparing mycelium for planting

At the initial stage of growing mushrooms in the country, it is required to prepare planting material - mycelium. To do this, you need sterilized dishes. You can grow champignons in open ground from a mycelium obtained independently. The desired mushroom mycelium is available to grow in one of the ways: on potatoes, agar or grain. The latter is considered the simplest and most popular method of growing mushrooms.

It is permissible to grow champignons in open ground in a summer cottage or in a vegetable garden from mycelium sold in specialized stores.

The process of sprouting mycelium by the grain method includes:

collection of mushrooms grown in field or forest conditions, preferably overripe (very large, which are no longer used for food);
grain is boiled for 30-40 minutes, for which it is pre-filled with water, in which it is recommended to dilute hydrogen peroxide for disinfection at the rate of 200 ml per 10 l of water;
filtering the cooked grain, drying it and pouring it into sterilized containers;
the formation in the lids that will close the containers, small holes with a diameter of an average width of a sewing needle;
transfer of pieces cut from mushrooms into the grain mass.

Closed containers are covered with a sterile cloth (for example, a bandage) and placed in a cool room where the air temperature is maintained at + 17 ... + 23 ° С.

For your information. If you decide to get grain mycelium yourself, be prepared for the fact that everything will have to be done in almost sterile conditions so that your source material does not become infected with mold spores that are present in the air at home.

Growing champignons in the country and in the garden is also allowed from wild mycelium, which is taken from natural mycelium, removing the soil layer in the places where mushrooms grow, i.e. in which there are threads of mycelium in squares of 10-20 cm, 2-3 cm thick. The soil layer with mycelium is stored until planting at a temperature of +6 ... + 7 ° С.

Advice. Do not collect mycelium for growing mushroom beds in ecologically unfavorable places, for example, near busy highways. This can be dangerous as mushrooms grown from it will contain all the "additives" that the mycelium received "before leaving for permanent residence in your garden."

Site preparation

It is better to place a bed for growing champignons in the garden and summer cottage on the north side with a shadow in the absence of wind, creating conditions that provide diffused lighting and protection against precipitation. For planting mycelium, trenches are dug up to 1 m wide to a depth of 0.3 m, into which compost is buried.

For growing champignons in the country, about 0.4 kg of mycelium per 1 m 2 of planting area is required.

Compost consists of equal proportions of manure or chicken manure, straw and a hot solution of urea. The compost mixture is kept for 2 weeks, after which it is enriched with superphosphate. The fertilizer ready for laying has a light Brown color and becomes crumbly.

For greater efficiency, a drainage layer a few centimeters thick is laid at the bottom of the dug trenches before laying the compost: broken tiles, bricks or crushed stone.

Landing and aftercare

Start planting champignons in the country should be in warm weather, when the air is stably heated to + 20 ° C. Before planting, the soil layer is well moistened. It is necessary to plant a mushroom mycelium in the country in the holes to a depth of 5 cm, dividing it into pieces of 5-6 cm. The planted mycelium is sprinkled with a compost mixture and watered with warm water.

Grain mycelium, grown at home on their own, is not buried, but scattered on the soil at their summer cottage, then sprinkled on top with a layer of compost mixture.

If necessary, planting is covered with polyethylene. Do not water (you have already watered). After 5 days, the mycelium is checked for germination, for which it is raised upper layer soil soil. The compost is covered with white threads of mycelium 2-3 weeks after planting. When a silvery coating appears on the compost layer - the threads of the planting mycelium are covered with a loamy or sandy loamy soil layer, without tamping.

Care

In the process of caring for mushrooms planted in the country in the open field, the required temperature and moisture level are maintained. Optimal conditions for mushrooms they are + 24 ... + 26 ° С. With an increase in air temperature to + 30 ° C and further, the mycelium begins to die. It is possible to lower the temperature by spraying plantings cold water or by creating an additional shadow.

Watering mushroom plantings is carried out so that water does not reach the mycelium: otherwise, excess moisture leads to decay of the mycelium. To avoid such problems, watering the area where mushrooms are planted in open ground in dry weather is recommended by spraying the topsoil. For your information. To prevent the mushroom beds from drying out on hot days, they can be covered with newspapers or compost with straw and sprayed already.

picking mushrooms

Growing champignons in the country and in the garden will take about 3-5 weeks. During growth, ripe mushrooms acquire a light pink hue. They are harvested immediately, as soon as the fruiting body reaches a size of 2 cm, because overgrown ones lose their gastronomic qualities and weaken the mycelium.

Irina Selyutina (Biologist):
The first crop is harvested already 30-40 days after the mycelium was planted. It is important not to forget that ripening proceeds in waves: many mushrooms ripen in one day, and this process stops in a day. The next wave of harvest will need to be harvested in a week. Harvesting must be complete, not selective. Only in this case new mushrooms will grow faster. But if you leave some of the mushrooms in the garden, this can contribute to the spread of diseases.

By the way. In order for mushrooms to be better stored - to increase their keeping quality, it is better to collect mushrooms whose caps have not yet fully opened.

Subject to the terms of harvesting, the mycelium is able to bear fruit for about 2 months.

Harvesting takes place by twisting the fruiting bodies, followed by filling the resulting void with a soil layer. The average yield in the second and subsequent years is at the level of about 5-6 kg per 1 m 2.

It can be argued that representatives of champignon are one of the most common edible mushrooms, there are more than 60 species. You can meet representatives of this family on all continents except Antarctica, they can grow not only in the forest, but also in the field, in the garden or in the meadow, in open areas in the steppe and in the desert. Active growth of mushrooms, subject to sufficient nutritional value and soil moisture in middle lane can be observed from May to October. Having studied the conditions for growing champignons, you can easily master the technology of obtaining them at their summer cottage, not only in the warm season, but also in winter. Mushrooms are used to prepare various dishes, including original sauces. In Mediterranean countries, they are preferred to be used raw, in the preparation of salads.

Description of the mushroom

Since champignons are classified as saprophytic plants, humus-enriched soils can be considered an ideal habitat for them, so they can often be found on a forest edge covered with a thick layer of fallen leaves or on a pasture manured by cattle. Successful industrial cultivation of the fungus will also require an environment rich in decaying organic compounds.

For industrial cultivation, two varieties of champignon are used:

four-spore two-ring,
bisporous.

Meadow and field mushrooms are bred less frequently.

Champignons are hat mushrooms, they have a central stem, its height is 5-6 cm. The mushroom cap usually has a diameter of 5 to 10 cm, but you can find individuals with a hat more than 30 cm in diameter. At the beginning of growth, the mushroom has a bell-shaped or spherical cap, then it becomes convex-prostrate.

According to the color of the cap, mushrooms are divided into several groups:

milk color,
white,
cream,
brown, so-called. royal mushrooms.

As the mushroom grows, the shade of its plates changes, if in a young mushroom they have a delicate, pinkish color, then in an older one they are red-brown, then they become maroon.

Where are champignons grown?

For growing champignons under conditions suburban area can be used:

beds and trenches dug in the garden - in summer,
basements, greenhouses, greenhouses, dugouts, sheds - in the cold season.

Ideal conditions can be considered rooms with air humidity of the order of 85-90% and temperatures above 12°C, preferably in the range from 13 to 30°C. Regarding the illumination, it should be noted that champignon is not picky about it, good harvest can be obtained by growing mushrooms in a dark room.

Substrate preparation

The main attention should be paid to the preparation of the nutrient medium, i.e. substrate. Compost is prepared by mixing straw bedding with fresh horse manure. Often, straw obtained from winter cereals with a mixture of horse and cow manure is used. But if necessary, pig or sheep manure or chicken manure is also successfully used, straw is replaced with chopped corn stalks or leaves fallen from trees.

Experts warn: in no case should you use rotten straw and rotted manure!

To improve the quality of the substrate, add to it:

ammonium sulfate or urea,
alabaster, gypsum or chalk as mineral additives.

The stock of manure or chicken manure intended for the preparation of a nutrient medium is stacked on a leveled and covered with roofing material, or concreted area, well rammed, then covered - the possibility of falling on it should be excluded sun rays or rain water. You can also use the shed for storage. They begin to prepare the substrate in advance, about a month before you need to lay it in boxes, trenches or beds.

Straw mixed with manure is subjected to composting, i.e. provoke its decomposition under the influence of microorganisms. Since a host plant is not required for the growth of champignons, it is possible to grow champignons at home only if the champignon compost contains a sufficient amount of:

nitrogenous compounds obtained from manure,
carbon, which is contained in large quantities in wheat and rye straw,
calcium, which is contained in the chalk supplement.

In addition, the quality of compost is increased by adding complex mineral fertilizers and meat and bone meal. The addition of gypsum contributes to the structuring of the compost mass and the prevention of its caking.

The successful cultivation of champignons largely depends on what recipe and how accurately the compost mass is made in accordance with it. Experienced mushroom growers have their time-tested formulas of the highest quality substrate. For beginners, amateur growers can use the following formulas: add 1 kg of gypsum or chalk to 12 kg of fresh wheat straw, 25 g of ammonium sulfate, 8 kg of fresh cow or horse manure, or chicken droppings. Depending on the type of manure, it will take from 23 to 26 days to prepare the substrate.

If mushrooms are grown throughout the year, then it will be necessary to prepare a room with a temperature higher than +10 degrees - this optimum temperature to prepare the substrate. If it is planned to grow mushrooms in the summer-autumn period, then a moisture-proof canopy over a concrete or asphalt-covered site will be sufficient - the mass should not have contact with the ground.

The technology for preparing compost mass is as follows:

straw is crushed and moistened,
after two days, it is laid in layers, alternating a layer of straw and a layer of manure,
as they are laid, straw and manure are moistened with water, with previously diluted mineral fertilizers.

The optimal heap dimensions are 1.5 m in height and the same in width. When forming a heap-burt, it should be remembered that it must contain at least 100 kg of straw - with less straw, fermentation may be slow or not start at all - the heating temperature will be too low. How large quantity the substrate is prepared simultaneously in the pile, the higher its quality will be and the greater the amount of mycelium can be obtained.

Breaking the heap will need to be done after 5-7 days, when it is performed, additional moistening of each layer will be required. The perebivka is carried out in such a way that the sections located outside move inside the shoulder, and the internal ones move out. In the process of preparing one portion, it is recommended to perform overbending 4 times - each of them will lead to an equalization of the time required to complete the process - the fact is that it occurs at different depths in different ways. Humidification is carried out daily, but water should not be given more than the formed shoulder can hold.

Usually, readiness is determined by the disappearance of the ammonia smell and the acquisition of a dark brown mass. As a rule, this happens on the third day after the last heap breaking. Now you can form compost beds, with a layer of at least 10 cm thick, for planting mycelium, or lay out compost in special containers or polyethylene bags with a layer of 20 cm.

How to sow mushroom mycelium

Experienced mushroom growers recommend buying mycelium from well-known manufacturers- if technologies were violated during its production, or its storage and storage was carried out incorrectly, then it is very likely that the filamentous formations called hyphae died - in this case, the growth of the mycelium will not occur. The best option- vegetative propagation of champignons, when the mycelium obtained in the laboratory is sown. Most often, for sowing mycelium, rooms with constantly high humidity and a stable temperature are used, for example, cellars. If the mycelium is purchased in the form of compost blocks, then you will not need to prepare the compost yourself.

Only cooled compost is suitable for sowing mycelium - to reduce the temperature, it is laid out in a thin layer and waited until it falls below +25 degrees. It is recommended to withstand this condition - otherwise, the subsequent increase in temperature after sowing will lead to inhibition of the development of the mycelium or its death.

Sowing is carried out according to the following standards: for 1 ton of compost, 6 kg or 10 liters of grain mycelium will be required. If you grow mushrooms for your own consumption, in small quantities, then you can focus on such norms: one two-hundred-gram pack of mycelium per 40 kg of substrate. It is sown in prepared holes, having a depth of about 8 cm and located in increments of at least 15 cm between rows and holes in the row itself. Nearby rows should have holes arranged in a checkerboard pattern. Sowing can be done manually or with a special cutter and roller.

To maintain stable humidity, the substrate, after sowing the mycelium, is covered with straw mats or burlap. To prevent diseases of the mycelium, every third day it is recommended to treat it with a 2% formalin solution.

In the case of cultivation using non-covering technology, the air is moistened by watering the floor and walls - moisture ingress on the compost can cause mycelium disease. The best temperature for the growth of mycelium is + 23 C, while the temperature of the substrate should be in the range of 24-25 degrees.

For the growth of mycelium at optimal temperature conditions it will take 10-12 days. During this period, a large number of thin white hyphae will appear in the substrate. If the threads become noticeable on the surface, they need to be covered with a layer of peat mixed with a small amount of chalk. It is recommended to adhere to this proportion: for 6 parts of peat, take 1 part of chalk and 3 parts of dolomite chips. The thickness of the poured layer should be about 3-4 cm.

After 4-5 days after this procedure, the temperature in the room is recommended to be reduced to + 17C. You should also start watering the top layer of compost from a watering can. The amount of water should not be large - it should only moisten the top layer, without going into the compost.

It is very important that during the sowing of the mycelium and during the cultivation process, air flow into the room is established - if the carbon dioxide content in the air exceeds the norm, the growth of mushrooms will slow down. Humidity throughout the process should be kept at 60-70%. The fruiting of mushrooms will begin approximately on the twentieth to twenty-fifth day after planting the mycelium. Fruiting occurs amicably, the breaks between its peaks can become 3-5 days. The duration of the period is from 50 to 60 days.

Successful cultivation of champignons ends with harvesting, it is done by hand, as if twisting the mushroom from the mycelium. It is desirable that the air temperature during the collection period be from +12 to +18 C. So that spots do not appear on the mushroom caps, the room is well ventilated before starting work. Experienced mushroom pickers determine best time for harvesting, watching the film connecting the champignon cap with the leg - it is necessary that it stretches well, but it is undesirable to allow it to break. After harvesting, the mushrooms are sorted out, laying off damaged and overripe specimens.

Harvest every other day or daily. When fruiting ends with a substrate, it will be possible to fertilize the soil in the beds.

How to grow mushrooms in garden beds

For growing champignons, you can also use ordinary open-air beds. This method is more economical, it does not require large cash costs. The main task - proper preparation compost. For its preparation, you can use horse manure or chicken. In the process of its preparation, and it lasts about a month, you will need:

mix the manure, pour it with a hot solution of urea and compact,
after 10 days, shake the pile, add chalk and form a new pile, already less dense,
after the next 10 days, add superphosphate, compact again and wait until the substrate reaches a crumbly state and turns brown.

A layer of substrate up to 35 cm thick should be laid out on a bed, mycelium planting can be carried out at a compost temperature of the order of +23 + 25 ° C, while the air temperature should not be lower than +20 ° C. The size of the mycelium for planting in one hole should be chicken egg, the optimal depth of the hole is 5 cm. After planting, the holes are covered with a substrate, watered, covered with a layer of film or newspapers - to keep moisture in the soil.

After 20 days, when the mycelium appears, the shelter is removed, the bed is covered with a layer of peat mixed with soddy soil. Fruiting in open ground lasts for two months, harvest should be done in a timely manner - otherwise the mycelium will be greatly depleted. Watering the site should be carried out twice a week, with warm water from a watering can.

With the beginning of the mushroom season, many lovers of "quiet hunting" prepare the necessary equipment and pick up the time to travel to the forest. However, the anticipation of a good harvest is not always justified, because there are lean years. Of course, you can buy mushrooms in shops or bazaars. all year round, but the price is not acceptable for everyone. Today, the problem can be solved quite simply: you can grow champignons in a greenhouse or in the open field in the garden. In our article, we will acquaint you with how to grow champignons in the country, and how to properly harvest.

How to prepare planting material

The primary task of preparing for the cultivation of mushrooms is the preparation of mycelium (mycelium). It is not so easy to do this: you need some skill, carefully sterilized containers and special equipment. There are several options for preparing mycelium at home: on grain, on potatoes and agar. The most popular is the grain mycelium.

For her you will need:

collect champignons in a field or in a forest, and it is advisable to take mushrooms that are already overripe;
cut a small (several centimeters) piece of mushroom with a disinfected knife;
pour the required amount of grain or oats into the container, fill it with water so that it only covers the mass, no more. To disinfect the grain, hydrogen peroxide is added to the water (at the rate of 1 cup per 1 bucket);
cook for about 40 minutes;
strain the grain through a fine sieve and dry it;
pour the finished mass into sterilized containers;
it is recommended to use a quartz or bactericidal lamp for control disinfection;
make small holes in the disinfected lids (the diameter of a needle) and roll up the jars;
boil jars for an hour. Water during boiling should not fill the lids;
transfer a piece of mycelium into the grain with a disinfected instrument. The transfer must be carried out under the most sterile conditions: use a lamp or an alcohol burner, you can purchase a specially equipped sealed box;
the holes on the sterilized lid must be closed with a sterile bandage or cotton wool and secured with a disinfected tape;
jars should be stored in a dark, cool room at a temperature of + 17-23 degrees.

For the entire process, you need to put on sterile hands. medical gloves or sanitize your hands. Of course, there is an easier way, but it requires constant repetition and does not guarantee a successful result. You can harvest wild mycelium. To do this, you need to find a place where the mushrooms grow profusely, and remove the top layer, on which the hyphae threads are clearly visible. You can save such a layer until spring in a cold room with a low level of humidity.

Site selection and garden preparation

After preparing the mycelium, you need to start choosing a place on garden plot where you can grow mushrooms. The northern shaded side is best suited for the garden. Drafts are contraindicated. Optimal location there will be a plot near the house or under a canopy: the building will provide the mycelium with diffused lighting and protection from precipitation. In the garden, you need to dig the required number of trenches (width -1 m, depth - 30 cm). Next, compost is poured into the trenches, which can be prepared at home. To do this, you need to combine equal parts of horse manure (or chicken manure) and straw and pour them with a hot solution of urea.

Next, the mixture must be compacted and covered with a strong dense material. After about two weeks, the mixture is enriched with superphosphate and left until fully cooked. When the compost turns a light brown color and becomes crumbly, it can be used. Growing mushrooms in a greenhouse or greenhouse is also widespread. If you have any of this in your summer cottage, then champignons will delight you with their unpretentiousness and growth rates in greenhouse conditions. Naturally, mushrooms need suitable temperature conditions, lighting and humidity levels. But basically, growing mushrooms in a greenhouse depends on the right substrate.

Landing and further care

For planting mushrooms, you need to choose a part of the day when the air warms up well. The temperature should be within 20 degrees, the soil should be well moistened. Mushrooms are planted in shallow holes. The mycelium is divided into small pieces, about 6 cm, and placed in the wells. Then the mycelium should be sprinkled with compost and poured with warm water. You can cover the planted areas with special material or film. Mushrooms do not need to be watered.

After a few weeks, the shelter should be removed, and the seedlings should be sprinkled with peat and turf. Forest or field land, in which champignons previously grew, will serve as an optimal surface layer. It is recommended to lay the top layer in such a way that there is little space for air and moisture to penetrate.

Mushrooms do not require special care: it is only important to maintain a certain temperature and humidity level. The optimum temperature will be in the range of 24-26 degrees, at temperatures above 30 the mycelium dies. When the seedlings germinate well, the temperature should be reduced by 9-10 degrees. You can provide a reduction by spraying with cold water or additional shade. The soil should be kept slightly moist: regularly water the surface layer so that moisture does not penetrate to the mycelium. Too much moisture can cause mycelium to rot.

Harvest Features

Mushrooms grow 3-4 weeks. Ripe mushroom becomes pale pink. As soon as the first signs of readiness appear, the crop should be harvested. Mushrooms of large sizes are losing part palatability. In addition, overgrown mushrooms weaken the mycelium.

Timely harvested crops and proper watering will not allow the mycelium to deplete.

When the fruit bodies of grown champignons reach 2 cm, they are carefully twisted, and the resulting void is covered with soil. The mycelium will bear fruit for about two months. Perhaps in the first year the harvest will not be plentiful, but in subsequent years from 1 square. m it will be possible to collect up to 6 kg of mushrooms. As you can see, growing champignons in the country is not difficult, but troublesome. However, the result is worth your efforts and costs.

Video "Planting champignons in the country"

From this video you will learn how to grow mushrooms in the country.

Mushroom picking can be called a national Russian fun, which can seriously compete for first place among the most popular summer activities, even with a rest by the river or a hot meal in nature. However, not every warm season can please enthusiastic mushroom pickers with solid harvests of their favorite mushrooms. In this case, some Russians are left with nothing, or rather, with empty baskets. Our other compatriots, more enterprising, look at the problem from a different angle, and decide to try to grow mushrooms on summer cottages. In this material, we will talk about whether it is possible to mass grow champignons in the country, and how to implement it without experience.

The first thing to be identified as a very important nuance for the issue of interest to us is the climatic conditions of our country. Unfortunately, only the southern regions can boast of more or less stable weather conditions, under which it is possible to grow champignons in the open field. The middle and northern latitudes of the country cannot offer this either, so mushrooms can be grown on them only in a greenhouse.

Here you have two options. You can:

allocate an area for champignons directly inside the greenhouses already existing in your garden;
organize new greenhouses for planting mushrooms, equipping them as simply as possible, using plastic wrap.

When you decide on a future landing site, move on to solving the second important task.

How to get seeds for growing mushrooms

So, there are two possibilities to get first-class seeds for growing champignons at home:

the first involves the purchase of mycelium in a specialized package;
the second is the independent collection of seed in natural conditions.

Yes, due to the fact that humanity does not stand still, today we have the opportunity to buy mycelium even in a supermarket, while it will be potentially suitable for germination, as it is bred on special mushroom farms that grow and sell this product.

Nevertheless, we want to remind you that when mycelium was not yet sold in stores, we could already grow champignons in gardens, getting it from wild mycelium absolutely free of charge.

Note: it is also possible to grow mycelium at home using the fruiting body of mushrooms, however, this process is not fast.

We also want to say that the collected mycelium is suitable only for growing in open ground conditions, unfortunately, it is not suitable for living in a greenhouse, therefore, the best option nevertheless, there will be an acquisition of specially adapted planting material, which is guaranteed to give a good harvest.

So, let's consider how to independently collect planting material in a forest or field.

Prices for mushroom mycelium

mushroom mycelium

Step number 1 - looking for champignons

First of all, you need to find growing champignons in the forest. If you are not sure which mushrooms are safe and not poisonous, examine them for the presence of the following distinguishing features:

pink or brownish plates under the mushroom cap (become more brown as the mushroom matures);
champignons, as a rule, grow in clusters, and free-standing specimens usually turn out to be grebes;
champignons do not have a volva - a sac that includes a mushroom leg, but in poisonous representatives of this species it is almost always present;
on champignons can often be found small insects, but on the toadstool there will be no representatives of the fauna due to the content of poison in its flesh;
champignon has a characteristic pleasant aroma, while poisonous mushrooms practically do not exude a smell.

By the way, it is worth paying attention to one more nuance: a mushroom cap may look familiar to us, like a cap rounded down, or it may be slightly flattened and resemble an umbrella.

The thing is, a hundred exist:

forest variety of champignon (with caps);
field variety of champignon (with umbrella caps).

So, when you are sure that you definitely found the champignons, and not the pale grebe or some other mushroom, you can start collecting the seed.

Step number 2 - collecting seed

So, you have found champignons. Now you need to collect seed material, which, contrary to the opinion of people ignorant of this issue, is not the mushrooms themselves, but the mycelium located in the soil layer.

Actually, we will collect the land. Here's what to do.

Visually separate or really draw a small area around the perimeter of the mushrooms, about 30 centimeters in each direction.
Using a knife, carefully remove the layer of soil located next to the mushrooms, 2 centimeters deep.
Then you need to make squares of soil in which the threads of the mycelium are accumulated, which gave rise to fruits located on the surface of the soil. It would be better if the size of these squares is approximately 15-20 centimeters in length.

The collected soil layers should be placed in separate bags or containers and stored at a temperature not falling below or exceeding + 7°C.

Note: it is absolutely not recommended to collect material for planting mushrooms in your country house, growing next to:
factories;

tracks;

various enterprises of a different nature and just a roadway.

The fact is that the mycelium perfectly absorbs poisons that settle on it in the form of exhaust and emissions that will not go anywhere, get into the mushrooms you have grown and poison the body.

To grow mushrooms square meter land will need to be collected, purchased or grown up to 400 grams of mycelium.

Preparing a place for planting harvested material

So, we have already said before that we will plant champignons in a greenhouse, or, if you live in the south, then in open ground. Nevertheless, it is necessary to more specifically specify the parameters of the area on which these useful and tasty fruits will subsequently grow.

So, the best places for growing champignons are places that:

protected from cold drafts;
shaded.

By the way, the condition with shading must be taken into account. So, if a natural shadow does not fall on that part of the greenhouse or open ground in which mushrooms grow, then it must be created artificially.

To plant mushrooms on a specific land plot, you need to start preparing in the fall, which precedes the growing season for which you have planned the event in question. This is done by equipping special ridges for cultivation. What parameters the indicated ridges will have, we will see in the table below.

Table 1. How to equip ridges for growing champignons at home

Conditions	Description
Location relative to the ground	The ridges prepared by us in advance must be deepened below the soil surface without fail, so that they remain constantly moist and give the mushrooms the opportunity to remain cool, even while in a greenhouse.
Options	The parameters of the ridges of interest to us should be as follows: width not less than 40 centimeters; depth about 30 cm. The distance between each such ridge should be half a meter of free space before the location of the next one. As for the length, it will depend on how much mycelium you have accumulated for planting.
Drainage system equipment	It is imperative to drain the soil so that the mushrooms simply do not drown from an excess of moisture. Drainage is done by laying equipped ridges on the bottom: broken brick; shards from dishes; crushed stone; river pebbles, etc.
pre-fertilizer	The trenches prepared for planting mushrooms must be fertilized so that the next year the mushrooms feel as comfortable as possible in them. As a fertilizer is used: ordinary green grass left after mowing lawns; slurry. First, grass is laid out in the trenches, and slurry is poured from above - a mixture of manure and water.
Covered with turf	Prepared trenches must be carefully covered with turf, after turning it over. At this stage, the preparation will be completely finished.

How to prepare the fertilizers necessary for planting champignons with your own hands

slurry

In the table, we mention some kind of slurry, which needs to be fertilized trenches for planting mushrooms in them for the next year. Here's how it's made.

1. Materials are taken:

half a standard garden barrel of cow dung;
wood ash from the stove;
water.

2. We mix all the collected ingredients, and wait for 10 days until the desired mass is infused, continuing to stir it regularly.

3. After the specified period, we stop regularly interfering, and thus we wait another three days.

Note: it is best to install the barrel farther from the house, since soon after mixing the slurry will ferment and begin to exude very intense odors that can ruin anyone's appetite.

Manure prices

covering compost

Since we are talking about fertilizers, let's immediately consider how to prepare covering compost applied to mushroom beds immediately after laying out the seed.

1. To begin with, we will need to collect the materials necessary to create fertilizer:

straw in a volume equal to 100 kilograms;
horse or cow manure, also in the amount of 100 kilograms;
ammonium nitrate 3, 6 kilograms;
gypsum mixture up to 9 kilograms;
superphosphate 2 kilograms.

all one hundred kilograms of straw soaked in water, and we spill it in this way for 2 days, several times;
we divide the straw and manure into heaps of 25 kilograms, mix together;
to each collected heap add ammonium nitrate, in a volume of 600 grams;
we interfere with heaps 4 times: after 6 days of lying, then after 5 days, then after 4 and again after 4.

For each stirring there will be an addition of water, gypsum and other materials. So:

in the first stirring, a quarter of this material interferes with the heaps, and the mass is then wetted with water;
in the second, we add the entire remainder of the gypsum evenly in heaps and spill it again, and then mix in a third of the superphosphate;
the third and fourth times mixing, spilling and adding the two remaining parts of superphosphate are performed.

Thus, the compost will be enriched not only with the necessary for growing mushrooms nutrients but also oxygen.

Prices for superphosphate

superphosphate

Planting champignons

Before planting mushrooms, it is necessary to disinfect the soil by removing a layer of earth equal to 25 centimeters from it and soaking it with a solution of the Carbation preparation.

Then we put it back, and fix the trenches that could collapse during this procedure.

Planting the mushrooms themselves is carried out as follows:

we spread the mycelium directly to the bottom of the trenches;
pour pre-prepared compost on top;
we carry out tamping.

Along the edges of the beds we equip the taps, so that excess moisture is removed from them away. The beds themselves are lightly covered with soil.

Five days after planting, it will be necessary to raise the upper layers of the trenches and check if the mycelium sprouts.

It will be possible to finally understand whether the matter was successful in 2-3 weeks, when the compost should be covered with white sprouts.

How to care for mushrooms as they grow

So that you can successfully grow mushrooms in a greenhouse or in open ground conditions, and then enjoy them throughout the growing season, collecting more than one crop, you need to remember the various nuances that consist in creating certain conditions for the mushrooms.

Condition 1. So, first of all, it is necessary to observe the correct temperature regime. Remember that champignons can hardly tolerate temperature changes, they also cannot tolerate heat, as well as excessive cold. In other words, you should adhere to the following for them temperature regime(another argument for the arrangement of mushrooms in greenhouses, where this indicator can be at least somehow varied): from + 25°C to + 29°C.

Provided that the temperature drops below the minimum limit, myceliums can freeze and reduce productivity, but at temperatures above 29 ° C, your seedlings will simply burn out.

Condition 2. The second important parameter is humidity. Do not forget that wherever you grow mushrooms, whether on the street or in open ground, it is imperative to moisten them constantly, otherwise you will not see the harvest.

Note: we didn’t use the word “moisturize” for nothing, since mushroom watering is generally not recommended. So how to saturate the substrate in which mushrooms grow with moisture? Very simple: spray, creating the appearance of natural watering. Some gardeners even use newspapers to keep the compost moist.

Condition 3. When the compost is covered with small sprouts of mushrooms, it will be necessary to cover it with soil:

loamy;
or sandy.

Condition 4. Proper harvesting is also important to keep the beds productive longer. You will receive the first harvest of mushrooms in about a month or a half after you plant the seed on the ridges. Ripening will not occur in unison, but rather in waves:

in one day you will collect a lot of mature mushrooms;
in the next only 2 or even 1.

You need to collect only ripe mushrooms, the caps of which reach a diameter of at least 2 centimeters.

In order not to damage the mycelium, the mushrooms must be carefully twisted out of the ground. The holes remaining after them are covered with soil and sprayed with water.

Harvested mushrooms are stored in dry boxes or baskets.

Note: you need to collect all the ripened mushrooms, because, overgrowing in the beds, they quickly begin to deteriorate, and infect all the other inhabitants of the mycelium. In addition, the faster you free the bed from the tenant, the faster a new one will appear.

To keep the mushrooms longer, you can collect those whose caps have not yet fully opened.

Mushrooms are a valuable product that you will like

Summing up

Every gardener can grow champignons in the country, as it is not difficult. It is only important to learn how to collect mycelium or choose your favorite company for yourself if you decide to buy it, as well as correctly prepare a nutrient substrate for it. In this case, after some time, if you have a desire, you can even establish mushroom production, or provide the whole family with this valuable product.

Video - Growing champignons at home

Many of us love mushrooms, but not everyone can provide themselves with forest mushrooms enough. Therefore, we mainly buy fresh or frozen champignons in the store and cook our favorite dishes. But store-bought champignons often do not have the flavor that is inherent in freshly picked young mushrooms.

Therefore, a good alternative to them is the cultivation of champignons in the country, in personal plot. At the same time, you can not only provide them for your family, but also make good money if you grow professionally. Let's find out how to grow champignons on your own in your own country house?

Preliminary preparation

It must be said that it is not difficult to find seed material for our useful occupation (more on this later). The process of agricultural technology used is somewhat more complicated. But if you have the desire and small skills to work on the ground, everything will definitely work out.

In nature, there are more than six dozen species of champignons. In cultural breeding, only one variety is used - two-spore champignon (white, brown and cream - according to the color of the cap).

For successful breeding (in summer), unheated utility rooms, such as a cellar, dugout or basement, are excellent. You can use a country barn for these purposes. sunlight not needed for mushrooms, but they should be provided with an influx fresh air especially during germination and humidity.

You can grow mushrooms in open ground, but then they must be covered with greenhouse film to maintain moisture. Since not everyone in their dachas has premises suitable for growing, we will learn how to do this using open ground.

Planting and growing

First of all, choose a place on your site where you will place the mycelium. Shaded (but not dark), moist ground is ideal. If your cottage is located on the sunny side and it is difficult to find a place where there is always a shadow, build a light but durable canopy. To do this, drive in pegs on both sides of the future beds, nail slats between them or wrap them with wire. Cover the top and sides with cling film, secure and shade slightly.

Now let's deal directly with the bed. Dig up the ground, fertilize with manure. You can mix manure, rotted straw, compost and apply this mixture to the soil. To neutralize, add a small amount of lime. After that, compact the bed well, since the mushrooms themselves, as well as the mycelium, do not like loose soil.

Speaking of compost, you need to make sure that it is always a little warm. To do this, periodically put rotten leaves on the bed, stir the compost with your hands so that oxygen penetrates. Then the fermentation process will constantly take place in it, from which the bed will remain warm. This is very important for good development, growth of mushrooms.

Next, you need to get planting material. If mushrooms grow in your place of residence, this is easiest to do. Just go to the forest, to the edge or along the side of a forest, country road, find a mushroom place, collect the mycelium along with the soil, bring it to the dacha and spread it on the prepared bed. If the mushrooms in your area are regrowing, purchase ready-made mycelium.

If everything is done correctly, it is warm and humid outside, the first shoots will appear in two weeks. Now pay special attention to soil moisture. If it's hot and dry outside, spray them more often with water from a sprayer.

The mushroom picker grows quite quickly, its threads grow in different directions, entangling the entire compost. To improve its development, aeration, and accelerate reproduction, gently loosen the compost soil.

From the moment the first mushrooms appear, they will appear in sufficient quantities until the very cold. The first 3-4 collections are usually the most abundant. For the entire harvest period (8-9 weeks) you will harvest 6-7 crops. At this time, you can not only cook them, but also prepare a sufficient amount for the winter. Or sell the surplus.

In late autumn, the question of preserving the mycelium will arise. During this period, it is best to move it to the basement, cellar, etc. Place a compost bed there and continue to grow mushrooms. Also be sure to monitor the soil moisture, feed the mycelium. You can place it even in an empty garage, in a city. Well, with the onset of heat, again settle the mushrooms in the country.

Important!

Collect and eat young mushrooms when the film enveloping the plates on the cap is not damaged, the plates themselves have not darkened, but are still pale pink.

Do not take old mushrooms that are overripe. They usually accumulate substances harmful to humans that adversely affect the health of the digestive tract and circulatory organs.

When harvesting, champignons are not cut with a knife, but, as it were, twisted out of the soil. But in order not to damage the rest of the mycelium, do it carefully, slightly pressing the soil at the base of the mushroom stem. After you get the mushroom, be sure to sprinkle the resulting hole with earth.

And yet, in order for the mycelium to develop well, actively give new crops, do not forget to water the soil, spray it, but as it dries. When you move the mycelium into the room, make sure that there are no drafts there. Then fresh, fragrant champignon mushrooms will be present on your table all year round.