Filter for an aquarium: types of filtration, which is better. Aquarium water purification Aquarium water purification filters

Choosing the right filtration system for your aquarium is an important decision that will affect not only species and populations, but also how much maintenance the aquarium needs to maintain the system. The filtration system helps keep the water clean, free of particulate matter (tiny fragments of plant material, food debris, feces, fish waste, etc.) and toxic compounds that are dangerous to residents. In this article, we will discuss the strengths and weak sides commonly available types of aquarium filters so that you can accept correct solution when choosing equipment for your aquarium.

First, let's look at the types of filtration that are used in closed aquariums, and then the types of filters and their filtration capabilities.

There are three types of filtration that are essential to maintaining the health of any aquarium:

• mechanical;
• chemical;
• biological

Before choosing an aquarium filter, you should understand how all three types of filtration work for the benefit of your aquarium.

Filtration types

mechanical filtration

Mechanical filtration is the process of removing solid particles from water. To do this, aquarium water is driven through some substance (material) in order to catch and hold these tiny particles. The filter material can be presented in many forms: fibrous threads, sponges made of foam rubber or synthetic winterizer, pressed paper or diatomaceous earth, gravel. For correct operation it is important that the filter material regularly purifies the water, keeping the solid particles until they are completely broken down and the decomposition products are released back into the aquarium.

A very common misconception among aquarists is that the more powerful the filter in an aquarium, the more fish can be kept in the system, and the filter requires less maintenance. All filters with a mechanical filtration function will become clogged with solid particles over time. When a filter becomes heavily clogged, it will either reduce the flow of water through it or cause water to move around the filter media. In this case, mandatory filter cleaning is required. The filter can become completely clogged within a month, which means that the filter should be cleaned from clogging at least once a month. Even if the aquarium appears to be completely free of solids, the filter will constantly release large amounts of decay products (tiny particles of decaying plant and animal materials) and other debris that will slowly rot, contaminating the water with toxic waste products such as ammonia, nitrite and nitrates. This waste will actually lead to a reduction in the population of the aquarium population.

Chemical Filtration

Chemical filtration removes toxic or unwanted chemicals by passing water through a filter media. Recently, many advances have been made in this field, as a result of which new filter media have appeared, focused on the elimination of specific chemical substances or excess nutrients of water. These products can be added to a filtration system and when used correctly will help improve water quality as well as reduce the number of water changes needed to maintain a healthy aquarium. However, it should be remembered that with chemical filtration it is necessary to control chemical composition water and do water changes as needed. Commonly used for chemical filtration Activated carbon.

biological filtration

In biological filtration, different types of bacteria convert the toxic chemical waste products of the aquarium inhabitants into less toxic nutrients. This bacteriological recycling process is called the nitrogen cycle.

Let's see how it goes nitrogen cycle. As a result of the processing by bacteria and fungi of the waste products of fish, plants and invertebrates, as well as dead organisms and food residues, ammonia is formed. Ammonia is extremely toxic to all aquarium inhabitants. Ammonia is converted to nitrite by nitrifying aerobic bacteria from the genus Nitrosomonas. Although nitrites are not as toxic as ammonia, even at low concentrations they are still harmful to fish and invertebrates. Other aerobic Nitrobacter bacteria, acting like Nitrosomonas, essentially convert nitrites and convert them to harmless nitrates. At low to moderate concentrations, nitrate does not harm most fish and invertebrates, but excess nitrate can cause algae and overgrowth if regular water changes or chemical filtration are not used.

The diagram shows the nitrogen cycle.

In order for the nitrogen cycle to work properly in an aquarium, there must be enough room for growth in sufficient numbers of the bacteria required for the nitrogen cycle. Also, aerobic bacteria need oxygen for growth and full-fledged life, so their need for it must be replenished.

Biological filtration occurs to some extent in an aquarium wherever the necessary bacteria can be found: in all filters, on all surfaces, in water, in soil and on decorations. The capacity of a biological filter is determined by the available surface area for bacterial growth and the oxygen content of the water passing through it. Not all filters are equal when it comes to biological filtration. Filters in which the filter medium passes air better will have the highest capacity.

Aquarium filters. Types

There are many aquarium filters on the market today that vary in size, price, and ability to perform the three main types of filtration. There are such filters:

• domestic airlift
• bottom (under the ground)
• external power (mounted)
• canister internal
• wet-dry external

Before you buy an aquarium filter, decide who and what will inhabit your aquarium. For example, a freshwater aquarium with live aquarium plants usually does not require a filter with active biological filtration, but effective chemical and mechanical filtration is needed. And in an aquarium without live plants, densely populated by African cichlids, you need a filter, or a combination of filters, in which all three types of filtration will be effective. Below is a look at the currently available filters and their ability to perform all three types of filtration, their price range and care. At the end of the article is a summary of the information in the table.

Internal airlift filters

Internal airlift filters are different types: there are those that are installed in the aquarium directly to the bottom or the ground, others are attached to the wall of the aquarium with suction cups. These filters have an air supply line that is connected at the inlet and is driven by an air pump located outside the aquarium. Air is pumped in at the bottom of the filter, passes through the filter media and is expelled to the outside at the top of the filter, where it is dispersed over the surface of the water. The action of air bubbles creates movement of water through the filter, which allows it to perform filtration.

Corner filter in the form of a box. As a rule, such a filter is made in the form of a box so that it fits into the corner of the aquarium. It's just a box with slits at the top and bottom that allow water to pass through freely. Air is supplied to the bottom of the filter by a pump (compressor) mounted on a surface outside the aquarium. Air pushes water through the filter from below and pushes it out at the top of the filter.

An angle filter performs all three types of filtration, but the effectiveness of all three types is limited due to low oxygen content and low level water flow. As a filter material for mechanical and chemical filtration, sponge and activated carbon are usually used for these types of filters, but other mechanical and chemical materials can also be used. Bacteria growing on the filter media provide biological filtration.

Such a filter must be washed / replaced depending on the load of the aquarium. And take care not to destroy the biological environment that has multiplied on the sponge. To do this, it is better to rinse it in water that was drained from the aquarium during the change, and not under running tap water. And in no case should the sponge be boiled or treated with hot water!

sponge model. U-shaped model, in which air with water passes through a sponge with a large surface area. A separate pump (compressor) is needed to ensure the air flow.

The sponge material is capable of mechanical and biological filtration. The sponge retains solid particles from the water passing through it, thereby performing mechanical filtration. Biological filtration is performed by beneficial bacteria living on the sponge. The mechanical and biological functions of such a filter are limited due to the low flow of air and water passing through the sponge.

Airlift filters very cheap and easy to care for. It is enough to wash the filter material once a week, cleaning it of organic substances before they start to spoil the water. The use of aquarium water to clean the filter material is very important so as not to kill the beneficial bacteria involved in biological filtration.

Both types of internal airlift filters are of limited use, they are only effective in small aquariums with big amount population. Most often this type of filter is used in aquariums for fry or for quarantine aquariums. Since there is no movement of the water flow, the suction of newly hatched fry into the filter is excluded, which reduces their mortality. Such a filter is placed in a quarantine aquarium in order to pre-populate it with beneficial bacteria. In addition, the lack of water flow reduces the additional burden on sick fish. Well, again, these filters are inexpensive and very easy to operate.

Bottom filters (under ground)

The bottom filter uses a slotted plate installed under a substrate (under gravel, for example) and has several tubes, called lift tubes, that extend up to the surface of the water.

Mechanical filtration occurs when water flows through a substrate that traps all solid particles. It is very important to siphon ("vacuum" with a hose) the soil every week, removing solid particles before they begin to decompose.

Biological filtration is carried out with the help of bacteria living on a large surface area of ​​the substrate through which water passes. However, biological filtration is limited due to the low oxygen content of the water passing through the gravel. In addition, the level of biological filtration falls also because the water does not flow evenly through the ground due to its different levels and because of the decorations located on it. This creates dead zones inside the filter layer. Detritus builds up in these dead zones and pockets filled with dangerous levels of hydrogen sulfide are possible. Therefore, it is important to regularly stir, mix the soil in the aquarium and, again, siphon it. Some types of bottom filters have carbonate cartridges for chemical filtration.

Aquariums that use bottom filters tend to have high levels of nitrate and phosphate if they are not properly cared for. Weekly soil cleaning along with water changes are essential to keep your aquarium system healthy.

These filters are usually in the low to medium price range depending on whether they have additional filter media (cartridges) and water flow under the plate. They can be used in various aquarium systems, but the number of aquarium inhabitants with a bottom filter is limited. In addition, bottom filters are not recommended for freshwater planted aquariums (herbalists) as plant roots can grow into the gravel filter and obstruct the water supply.

External mounted (power) filters

"Power Filter" is the term used to describe the vast array of filters on the market that hang from the back of an aquarium. Most of these filters use all three filtration types and are very easy to maintain. Such devices are equipped with a pump capable of drawing the required amount of water into the filter and are completely self-sufficient. Aquarium water is drawn into the filter using a U-tube and passed through a cartridge or other type of filter media. Most models have filter cartridges containing activated carbon. Each specific filter model has its own type of cartridge.

Mechanical filtration is carried out when water passes through the filter material - synthetic winterizer and foam rubber - and is moderately effective. The weak point in mechanical filtration with all electric filters is that the cartridges tend to clog rather quickly, making it difficult for water to pass through it. Therefore, it is very important to clean the filter and rinse the filter material regularly. The frequency of cleaning and replacement of cartridges will depend on the bioburden of the system.

For chemical filtration, a filter cartridge containing activated carbon is usually integrated. Some models have chambers that can have more specialized chemicals and resins added. The efficiency of chemical filtration is similar to that of mechanical filtration and will depend on the percentage of water passing through the cartridge. Again, the biological load on the systems will dictate how often the cartridge and filter media need to be replaced.

Biological filtration takes place inside the filter cartridge. The mechanical and chemical sections of the filter harbor a large number of beneficial bacteria that help carry out the nitrogen cycle.

The effectiveness of the biological filtration in the cartridge is limited due to the moderate amount of oxygen present in the water passing through the filter medium. The disadvantage of these cartridges is that once they are replaced, you lose all bacteria along with the old cartridge. Before replacing the old cartridge, you can place a new one anywhere in the aquarium or next to the filter so that beneficial bacteria begin to grow before the old one is removed.

In some mounted power filters, there is a bio-wheel in the composition. The Bio-Wheel is a biological filter because it has folds on the surface that rotate as water passes through it. The Bio-Wheel provides excellent biological filtration due to the fact that the surface of the pleats is in contact with air as the wheel rotates. These wheels require very little maintenance and only need to be washed periodically in aquarium water to remove any build-up.

Due to the fact that power cartridges are in the low to medium price range, as well as due to the ease of maintenance, these filters are ideal for beginner hobbyists. However, they are not suitable for freshwater aquariums with live plants (herbalists) and marine aquariums. Ideally, the surface of the water in a freshwater aquarium should remain untouched in order to maintain the concentration of carbon dioxide in the water. All mounted filters disturb the surface of the water, making them less suitable for a planted aquarium with a carbon dioxide (CO2) supply system. The disadvantage of using this filter in a saltwater aquarium, again, is the movement of water on the surface, resulting in the formation of salt deposits on the walls of the tank and on the instruments. These filters can also be used in a marine aquarium, but be prepared for the extra maintenance and potential damage that salt encrustation will cause.

Canister internal filters

Canister internal filters are usually located in an aquarium under water and perform all three types of filtration. They are available both in assembly, which has its own pump, and in modular form, which requires an additional pump. Typically, such filters have a U-shaped water intake, in which water enters from below and is discharged to the outside in a spray or jet. As soon as the filter is installed in the aquarium and connected, water begins to flow into the canister through the filter material (foam rubber, synthetic winterizer, etc.), then it passes through chemical filtration through the filter medium. After the chemical filtration is completed, the water enters the last chamber containing the biological medium, where the nitrogen cycle takes place and the water is returned to the aquarium.

The mechanical filtration in a canister filter is far superior to that of any other type of filter. This is because the filter container is pressurized and water is forced through the filter media, allowing it to hold more solids. These materials or cartridges are, in some cases, capable of holding the most minimal particulate matter.

The chemical filtration in the canister filter is also the most efficient compared to other types of filters available. And again, this is due to the fact that water is supplied through the filter material under pressure. Another advantage of the canister filter is that any material can be used as a chemical filter. Activated charcoal is usually used, by default, but other substances can be added. Special tools are designed to remove the widest range of chemical compounds and excess nutrients from the system and can be used in emergency situations for immediate cleaning of the system.

Biological filtration is limited due to the low oxygen concentration in the water passing through the filter. There are many types of fillers that are used for biological filtration in this type of filter: glass, ceramic rings, and porous gravel. There are canister filters, which include a bio-wheel rotating in the aquarium.

Canister filters are in the moderate price range and require an average level of maintenance. The strength of this type of filter is the ability to install it in any type of aquarium. If it does not have a bio-wheel, it can be placed in an aquarium with live plants (a filter with a bio-wheel disturbs the water surface and will reduce the CO2 concentration in the aquarium, which is bad for plant growth). Canister filters, with the addition of biological filters, are an excellent choice for salt water and live reef aquariums. In combination with a biological filter, the canister filter can be used very effectively for purely mechanical and chemical filtration. In any case, the filter material for mechanical cleaning must be washed regularly to avoid the growth of nitrates in the aquarium. The frequency of cleaning will depend on the degree of biological load on the system, but at least every 4 weeks.

Wet-dry external filters

Wet-dry filters are usually placed under the aquarium, below the water level, using an aquarium water control device. The filter consists of two boxes: one is in the aquarium, the other is outside. The U-shaped siphon brings the water from the aquarium into the outer box. As it enters the outdoor unit, the water is mechanically pre-filtered (usually through a sponge material) before being passed on to the main filter. When it enters the main filter, water mixes with air and enters the chambers through spraying. After that, it passes through the biological media and flows through the bottom of the chamber to another part of the filter, often called the sump. Several filter media can be used in this compartment to remove various chemicals, including chlorine and calcium. In the same compartment, there is usually a pump responsible for returning water back to the aquarium.

Due to the fact that water is supplied to the filter material with a low pressure, mechanical filtration in such devices is very weak and the water is purified only from large solid particles. Chemical filtration is also very weak for the same reason - the water in the filter moves by gravity.

The biological filtration in the wet-dry filter is far superior to all previously described filter types. First, the large filter surface provides room for the bacteria colony to live. Secondly, not only does water come into sufficient contact with air, but the oxygen concentration in the filter medium is quite high. There are many types of wet-dry filter media such as organic glass, plastic cylinders and live rock. Consider surface area when selecting filter material to increase biological filtration.

Wet-dry filters are in the high price range and require little maintenance. Due to their high biological filtration capacity, these filters are often used commercially, they are ideal for overcrowded aquariums, and are used in both freshwater and marine aquariums. However, these filters are not suitable for use in aquariums with live plants due to excessive oxygenation of the water, which reduces the CO2 concentration. To compensate for insufficient mechanical and chemical filtration, this type of filter is often combined with canister filters. Wet-dry filter maintenance requires weekly rinsing of the filter media and adding fresh water to the aquarium. The water box in the aquarium must be kept submerged at all times, otherwise the pump may fail.

General table of data for all considered types of filters.

Corner airliftLowAverageLowLowLow

Filter type	Price range	Maintenance complexity	Filtration efficiency
			Mechanical	Chemical	biological
Sponge airlift	Short	Low	Low	Low	Low
Bottom filter	Low - medium	high	Low	Low	Medium
External hinged (power)	Low - medium	Low	Medium	Medium	Low
External hinged (power) with a bio-wheel	Low - medium	Low	Medium	Medium	high
canister internal	Average	high	high	high	Medium
Canister internal with bio-wheel	Average	high	high	high	high
wet-dry	High	Low	Medium	Medium	high

Achievements that have been made in last years in the field of filtration greatly simplified the life of amateur aquarists, allowed to save the life of the population of aquariums. Before buying, be sure to decide on the type of aquarium system, the inhabitants of the aquarium and their number, and after that, study the recommendations for choosing filters and decide on the necessary equipment.

An aquarium is a small artificial reservoir with a closed space, in which there are no processes of natural water purification from the waste products of the inhabitants.

As a result, the water is polluted with waste, a population of small algae, pathogenic bacteria grows in it, and the environment becomes detrimental to the life of fish. Aquarium pumps are designed to solve the problem of purification, providing mechanical, chemical, biological water purification.

Another one of them useful property- mixing of water flows. Thus, the environment is maintained in a qualitatively homogeneous state throughout the entire volume of the aquarium.

The filter is a container with a compressor and a cleaning filler, which is sponges, carbon components and other complex systems. According to the location of the device, they are divided into 2 types - internal and external.

Experts from the online magazine EXPERTOLOGY have chosen the best aquarium pumps in terms of performance and reviews in two categories: indoor and outdoor devices.

The best internal filters for an aquarium

Indoor type devices are great for small aquariums with a small number of inhabitants.

The filters are a compact plastic cylinder, inside which, in addition to the compressor, there are filter layers made of organic sponges and carbon.

Such devices are easy to maintain (clean), the risk of leaks is completely eliminated, they are economical in terms of price and power consumption.

XILONG XL-F131

Perfect Performance
Country: China
Average price: 600 rubles.

The glass design of the device meets all modern requirements for this aquarium equipment. It is made of non-toxic, durable plastic, which does not lose its operational properties during prolonged stay under water. The internal filter is completely immersed in a container with fresh or marine bio-environment. The filter basket located in the housing has a large area, which means that mechanical cleaning is carried out efficiently and quickly. In numbers, this figure is 1200 l / h.

Saturation with beneficial microorganisms contributes to additional biological filtration. Therefore, the water in the aquarium becomes clean and transparent. During the operation of the device with a power of 15 W, vibrations are not created and the usual rhythm of life of the inhabitants of the depths is not disturbed. The kit also includes a flute and an injector nozzle for aeration. It is recommended to install such a model in containers up to 100 liters.

Dennerle Nano Clean Eckfilter Inner Corner Filter

2,500 (for XL model, for aquariums from 30 to 60 l)

The filter differs in noiselessness, compactness and high efficiency. An excellent choice for small aquariums, safe for shrimp and other crustaceans, including juveniles, thanks to narrow intake openings and a fine sponge. Economical energy consumption (only 2 W), performance up to 150 l/h and two filter compartments ensure excellent water quality. The water flow is adjustable and can be directed by turning the nozzle 90° in any direction.

Main advantages:

• 2 compartments;
• safe for shrimp;
• low power consumption;
• works quietly;
• flow can be adjusted and rotated.

• no aeration;
• suction cups quickly lose their elasticity.

Hydor CRYSTAL Mini K10 Internal filter 170 l/h, 4 W, for aquariums 20-50 l

The CRYSTAL Mini K10 internal filter is designed for marine and freshwater aquariums from 20 to 50 liters.

The filter is installed in the corner of the aquarium using a special tripod.

Thanks to regulated systems aeration and flow direction, the device guarantees efficient water circulation.

The filter provides two-stage filtration: mechanical (removal of large particles using foam rubber), biological or chemical (the chamber is filled with different types of filtration materials).

The filter is easy to maintain.

Its design prevents leakage of filtered waste when removing the filter from the aquarium.

Specifications:

Dimensions: 8.5 x 9.3 x 19.5 cm

Productivity: 170 l/h

Power: 4W

Weight: 0.44 kg

JUWEL Bioflow 8.0 1000l/h

The JUWEL Bioflow 8.0 water filtration system is designed for aquariums with a capacity of up to 500 liters, but it is not advisable to install it in a tank of less than 350 liters. The filter of the increased volume of 8 l. works in all directions: catches solid waste, chemical impurities, proliferating colonies of bacteria.

The active layers are easy to remove and clean, and there is access to the compressor and heater for easy maintenance. The device is fixed on the inner wall with silicone glue included in the kit. A feature of the filter model is the two-flow principle of purification, the device creates different speeds of water movement: from above - high for better trapping of solid and chemical impurities, from below - slow for the development of anaerobic bacteria and purification of water from organic matter.

The JUWEL Bioflow 8.0 system is relatively quiet for a device of this productivity up to 1000 liters per hour, it is also possible to install a water heater of the same brand - together they form an organic circuit for even purification and distribution of a warm environment to all corners of the aquarium. The JUWEL Bioflow 8.0 filter is ideal for a large aquarium with exotic inhabitants. It can be bought from 9,000 rubles.

ADVANTAGES Efficient cleaning all types of pollution; Two streams to improve the quality of water purification; Reliable device without hose connections; Convenient maintenance and cleaning; Mounting adhesive included.

FLAWS Too big for a compact aquarium; High price.

JEBO 1200FAP

Quality build
Country: China
Average price: 600 rubles.

An inexpensive indoor device that has proven itself in fresh water filtration. It is usually installed in aquariums with a volume of 150-200 liters. The plastic case is ergonomic, has no extra parts, protruding elements, backlashes between structural elements. It is designed for continuous operation without shutdown. To ensure high-quality work in the device, it is necessary to maintain the power declared by the manufacturer of 8.5 watts. Its average productivity is 600 l / h, which makes it possible to purify water well and saturate it with oxygen.

The owners attribute the design of the outlet pipe to the advantages of this product. It is equipped with a special swivel nozzle that adjusts the flow direction. The aeration option makes it possible not to use additional aquarium accessories. Not all filters are easy to maintain. However, this model is assembled and disassembled in a matter of minutes, unpretentious in care.

EHEIM Biopower 240 l

Powerful and very efficient filter with rotating pump and modular design EHEIM Biopower, designed for aquariums from 160 to 240 liters. It drives water through a complex of filter layers at a speed of up to 750 l/h. The direction of the liquid inside is from the bottom up, the active component is the SUBSTRATpro filler, which, in combination with an organic sponge, performs a comprehensive cleaning of solid particles and excess bacteria, the filter also maintains nitrates at zero. I have an opportunity additional installation carbon filter (optional). The output is water that is ideal for the quality of life of the fish. A feature of the system is a rotating pump that sets the direction for the movement of water, imitating natural flows, additionally enriched with oxygen. The device is attached to the wall with suction cups, the set includes replaceable SUBSTRATpro modules. You can buy EHEIM Biopower 240 l from 4,600 rubles.

ADVANTAGES Suitable for sea and fresh water; Solution for an aquarium densely populated with fish; Comprehensive cleaning of solid particles, bacteria and chemicals; Rotating pump to change the direction of water flow; Easy fastening to the inner wall of the aquarium.

FLAWS With frequent movements of the device, the suction cups weaken.

BARBUS WP-300F

Extended set for miniature tank
Country Russia
Average price: 400 rubles.

Owners of aquariums up to 20 liters should definitely pay attention to this model. Despite its mini-parameters (with package dimensions of 13x8x6 cm, the filter weighs only 155 grams), internal organization received a lot of positive feedback. Firstly, it is in complete harmony with the underwater flora in color and does not violate the general appearance of the interior. Secondly, the device is optimally functional, since at a power of 2 W it is able to process 150 liters of water per hour.

However, its main advantage lies in its excellent configuration. The set includes such nozzles as "Water flute", "Filtration and sprinkling", "Filtration and aeration", "Filtration and circulation". Therefore, you can always choose the option of flow movement that is necessary in a particular case. Made of metal and plastic, the glass-type body is quickly attached to the container wall using suction cups. Coarsely porous sponge that collects dirt, easy to maintain. What users also highlight is the quiet operation of the device.

JBL CristalProfi i200 greenline

The JBL CristalProfi i200 greenline internal corner filter for biological and mechanical cleaning is designed for small aquariums up to 200 liters with adjustable flow from 300 to 720 l/h. Its feature is the possibility of expanding the modular filtering structure, which collects contaminants and reliably blocks them, perfectly clean water enters the tank. The nozzle can be rotated up to 900. The design is attached to the suction cups. The active cleaning component is anaerobic bacteria that process organic pollution, mechanical particles are retained by a sponge. All modules can be easily removed for cleaning. The device is compact and ready to use, just connect it to the mains and attach a flute to dissect the water at the outlet. The cost of the JBL CristalProfi i200 greenline device is about 7,000 rubles.

ADVANTAGES Economical power consumption of only 8 W; Efficient cleaning of solid particles and organics; Rotary nozzle; Velcro for fastening.

FLAWS Does not regulate the chemical background.

Tetra Tetratec EasyCrystal

1 150 (for model 250, for aquariums from 15 to 40 liters)

The double-sided filter sponge ensures that the water is purified from the smallest particles of dirt: the white side filters out large conglomerates, the green one produces finer filtration. Activated charcoal eliminates unnecessary chemicals. And to top it off, the bio-sponge and balls with a large surface area on which colonies of beneficial bacteria form, provide biological cleaning, decomposing the remaining harmful components. The filter is very easy to maintain: it is enough to replace the cartridge once a month by attaching a new one using a special clip. Suction cups securely fix it in a comfortable position. Powerful magnetic turbine improves water flow.

Main advantages:

• affordable price;
• compact;
• 3 types of cleaning;
• no need to rinse the sponge - just replace the cartridge.

Best filter chamber capacity (six elements)
Country: Germany
Average price: 11500 rubles.

Fine filter designed for containers of 200-350 liters of water. The tank's own volume is 6 liters, according to this indicator, Juwel Bioflow 6.0 comes close to external type devices. In addition, 6 types of filter elements are located inside the capacious chamber: special dense cotton wool and 5 sponges of various degrees of density. They perform the function of complete mechanical and fine chemical-biological treatment, due to which water retains its suitability for a long period of time. If the question arises of choosing an expensive but good model of an internal filter, then experienced aquarists prefer this particular contender. Disadvantages include: high cost device, rapid wear of rough cleaning materials.

The main function of the filter in the aquarium is cleaning (water filtration) in the aquarium, it is also needed to eliminate the remains of the life of the inhabitants of the aquarium, as well as to mix the water and enrich it with oxygen.

Do right choice our rating of the best filters for aquariums in 2020, which is compiled according to customer reviews and opinions, will help.

TOP 3 best filters for 40 liters aquariums

1. SunSun HJ-511 (500 rubles)

The internal filter for aquariums with marine life works with a sufficiently high power for its class of devices and has a large throughput, which buyers pay attention to.

This model is attached with suction cups to the glass wall, and cleaning is carried out only as it gets dirty.

2. Eheim aquaball (2800 rubles)

The remarkable filter is famous for its round head, which is able to rotate intensively, aeration, as well as a modular compartment scheme.

In addition, the owners are pleased with the fact that, if necessary, you can replace the filtering substrate yourself.

The only drawback of this model is the loss of elasticity of the suction cups in case of prolonged use.

3. Dennerle Nano Clean Eckfilter (2600 rubles)

The option with a couple of necessary compartments is actively bought up by the owners of small aquariums with fish.

It purifies water silently, does not pose a risk to shrimp and consumes minimal energy. In addition, this model can be easily adjusted and changed the direction of flow.

The negative qualities include the lack of aeration.

TOP 3 best filters for a 50 liter aquarium

1. LIFT (1000 rubles)

In aquariums with a capacity of 40-50 liters, people often purchase this particular filter.

It is liked by buyers not only for low price, but also for other features.

Most aquarists note

• the ability to saturate the liquid with oxygen,
• work from any compressor,
• delicate cleansing,
• high-quality fastening and complete safety for shrimps.

2. Tetra Tetratec EasyCrystal (1200 rubles)

The filter with a double-sided sponge eliminates the smallest particles of dirt and chemicals from the liquid.

It differs from competitors in three types of cleaning, compact dimensions and no need to rinse the sponge, as it will be enough just to replace the cartridge.

As for the cons, they include:

• financial costs of use (at the end of each month you need to purchase a new cartridge),
• small amount of substrate.

3. Minjiang NS F260 (450 rubles)

For tanks small size devices with convenient fasteners on the inner wall, as well as minimal dimensions, are perfect.

This device is in demand among aquarium owners due to its high power, complete safety in the process of water purification, as well as durability, which is confirmed by many real customer reviews.

TOP 3 best filters for a 100 liter aquarium

1. AQUAEL ASAP 500 (1 thousand rubles)

Users like the device at a favorable price for the excellent quality of both mechanical and biological types of cleaning, as well as for the possibility of self-replacement of cleaning elements.

In addition to the advantages of this filter, there are also disadvantages, but there are only two of them - no standard function removal of excess chemicals and the frequency of changing filter elements.

2. EHEIM BIOPOWER 160 (3 thousand rubles)

One of the best filters according to the reviews of aquarists combines reasonable cost and excellent quality of work.

In addition, people are pleased with the presence of three stages of purification with fine biofiltration.

A significant disadvantage of the device is its fragility, if you have to cope with a large amount of waste.

3. AQUAEL MINIKANI 120 (4 thousand rubles)

This filter is great for purifying liquid in aquariums with inhabitants.

It is equipped with an additional large-sized compartment for the filler and carries out as many as three types of filtration, which is very popular with customers.

In addition, people are pleasantly surprised by the universal placement of the suction pump.

It is almost impossible to find flaws in this model, since it is ideal for its category.

TOP 3 best filters for a 150 liter aquarium

1. Aqua Design Amano (ADA) Super Jet Filter ES-600 (50 thousand rubles)

It creates a real ecosystem in the habitat of fish, greatly facilitating their life.

In addition, this model has a sufficient degree of purification and as many as three filtration options.

Speaking about the negative qualities, people point only to the cost, but few people consider it overpriced, because you can pay an order of magnitude more for such opportunities.

2. AQUAEL Turbo (3 thousand rubles)

The model for aquariums has not only the lowest cost in this category of devices, but is also famous for other advantages.

These include:

• there is an opportunity to increase productivity,
• liquid cleansing speed,
• biological type filtration in two stages,
• the chance of installing cleaning layers in the required quantity.

As for the disadvantages, it is important to note the heating of the motor during long-term operation without interruptions, as well as the low-frequency hum during the filtering process.

3. EHEIM 2275 professional 4+ (30 thousand rubles)

The German filter for external mounting is famous for its high performance, relatively low power consumption, as well as the presence of reliable nozzle protection with a delay procedure function.

This device can be safely used in combination with other accessories of the manufacturer, which will provide better performance and durability.

The only drawback is the need to purchase filter media, since there are no spares in the kit.

TOP 3 best filters for a 200 liter aquarium

1. JUWEL Bioflow 8.0 (10 thousand rubles)

An internal filter for impressive aquariums is known in fish lovers circles as a device that can effectively deal with any contamination.

It does not have hose connections, which makes it much more convenient to use, but there are two streams here, which aim to improve the quality of liquid filtration.

It is also worth noting the glue included in the kit - it allows the owner to independently carry out installation work.

The only drawback is the large size, which is why this device will not fit in a small tank.

2. JBL CristalProfi E1501 greenline (14 thousand rubles)

An expensive filter for large aquariums with fish and other marine life differs from other models in its interesting design, a powerful pump, as well as maintaining the purity of the liquid in tanks with a volume of up to 700 liters.

In addition, the owners are enthusiastic about high quality cleaning.

3. JBL CristalProfi i200 greenline (9 thousand rubles)

The corner filter for indoor placement has a set of high-quality suction cups for fastening, consumes electricity economically and perfectly cleans organic matter.

The only negative is the lack of control over the chemical background.

TOP 3 best filters for a 250 liter aquarium

1. EHEIM 2073 professional (18 thousand rubles)

It has three cleaning options, is energy efficient and has an easy-to-clean pre-filter.

In addition, branded fillers are included in the kit.

This device is equipped with a six-liter cartridge and a high-quality pump.

It pleases its owners every day, as it is able to purify the liquid with three types of filtration (from the finest to the most coarse).

A negative quality is the fragility of filters for rough cleaning.

The model with excellent filtering qualities is famous for its ease of maintenance and installation, the presence of an automatic pump start function, as well as a high-quality valve to shut off the flow of water into the tank.

Moreover, this filter is suitable for almost all aquariums with a capacity of more than 200 liters.

Criterias of choice

Two main criteria will help you choose the best aquarium:

• Power . This criterion implies the volume of liquid that the device can process per hour. It depends on the dimensions of the tank. So, for example, a 100-liter aquarium will require a device capable of distilling 1,000 liters of liquid in 60 minutes.
• Price . The most expensive are Chinese goods, which are distinguished by their durability and lack of interruptions in work. Prominent representatives of the middle price category are German filters. And among the cheapest options are domestic models.

You should also pay attention to the type of filler:

• Sponge. This option is considered the easiest. It is easy to deal with in terms of flushing. In addition, over time, the sponge begins to perform not only mechanical, but also biological cleaning.
• Zeolite. This material is natural, it consists of zeolite clay. It is able to eliminate ammonia and harmful chemicals from the liquid.
• Activated carbon. The well-known absorbent absorbs many organic substances, as well as chemical compounds.
• Sintepon. It is used for fine cleaning and perfectly copes with the smallest mechanical impurities. As a rule, synthetic winterizer is used in combination with other fillers.

  These devices are designed to purify the water in which fish and other representatives of marine life live. For a full life, they, like people, need a clean environment, otherwise living beings will simply die. In nature, fortunately, running water goes through natural filtration, but the still environment in the aquarium requires forced purification. This is where the importance of filters and compressors lies.

  What is the best filter for an aquarium - internal or external?

  When choosing a filter for a home aquarium, taking into account the installation method, people often think about which option is best. In fact, each owner of marine life must answer this question on their own, because both varieties have their advantages and disadvantages:

  • Internal filter. It is installed in the aquarium itself and is attached with special suction cups that are included in the kit. Here, foam rubber and a sponge act as filter elements. Speaking of the shortcomings, it is worth noting the impressive dimensions.
  • Outdoor filter . It is usually chosen by professional aquarists. This type is installed outside the tank and attached to its inside. Inside the device there are compartments for installing various cleaners. The external filter has tubes that run to the aquarium water and pump out contaminants from there, replacing them with a clean liquid. The disadvantages of the device include fragility.
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A comfortable living environment is one of the main conditions for the health of pets. Aquafilters help keep the aquarium clean. Before buying them in the store, you need to decide on the volume of the aquarium, flora and fauna.

Water in reservoirs with marine life becomes polluted very quickly. This is facilitated by their excrement, food residues. They are especially dangerous in aquariums with a water temperature of + 24 ... + 30 ° C, as they quickly turn into poisons: ammonium, ammonia. To do this, aquarists purchase and install a water filter. It acts on pollution in two stages:

• delays them;
• releases clean water into the aquarium.

Additionally, for cleaning, a third or half of the volume of the tank is regularly replaced.

What are aquarium filters?

Each aquarist chooses a water purifier that is right for his tank. There are three main criteria by which they can be divided:

• by type of filtration;
• according to the installation method;
• on the filter element.

By type of filtration

They are divided into:

• Mechanical filters are suitable for small aquariums. They are equipped with a pump that pumps water inward, where it passes through an absorbent sponge that traps dirt. In this way, large contaminants are cleansed. Above the pump is a tube for discharging filtered water back into the tank.
• Chemicals purify water through absorbents (the most popular is activated carbon). Absorb harmful impurities. If the substance is not replaced in time with a new one, everything that has been absorbed can be thrown back into the tank.
• Biofilters (biological) are based on the cultivation in an aquarium of special bacteria that live on a certain substrate (for example, unfired ceramics). With their help, organic waste that emits toxic substances is processed into less dangerous nitrites, and then into nitrates.
• Combined combine several types of filtering into one. For example, coal is added to the mechanical one, and purification takes place in several stages (through a sponge, then through a substance).

By installation method

There are internal and external.

The first are divided into:

• Air:
  • The sponge filter consists of a plastic tube that comes to the surface and supplies air to the tank, and is also attached to the end of the sponge. When air is supplied, water is sucked in and passes through the cleaning element. Attached to the wall with suction cups.
  • Donny in everyday life is rare, usually used in conjunction with other species. It is attached to the bottom of the aquarium and covered with soil from above, which acts as a cleaner. Comprises plastic pipes, performs biocleaning. Does not allow the substrate to sour. There is a risk of hydrogen sulfide or methane bubbles.
• Electrical:
  • Mounted is suitable for small and medium aquariums and combines several types of cleaning. Mounted on suction cups to the tank wall so that two-thirds are under water. The liquid is dissected when exiting, which avoids a strong current.
  • The filter glass is one of the popular types. Performs bio- and mechanical cleaning. It consists of a body with a lower removable part in the form of a glass, a cleaning sponge and an air supply tube. Attaches with suction cups to the vessel wall. It is completely hidden by water, on the surface there is only a pipe for supplying air to the aquarium.

The external ones include canister and irrigated. In the first case, the container is placed outside, two tubes are launched into the tank to capture dirty and supply clean water. Provides all types of filtration. Additionally, heating and disinfection using ultraviolet radiation is installed in it.

In the irrigated area, biological treatment is used. Inside the vessel are special bio-balls on which bacteria are located. When the water passes through, they purify it and release it back. Suitable for professional aquarists only.

By type of filter element

Cleaning materials are divided into mechanical and biological. The first include sponges, absorbents. The second - bacteria and peat. Sponges are the most common cleaning element, present in many types of aqua filters. Small and large pores trap dirt, the water comes out clean. In the process of purification, bacteria appear on them, which contribute to the transformation of toxic substances. Rinse your sponge once every two weeks.

Activated charcoal is rarely used. It cleans better than a sponge, but it needs to be changed constantly. If it is not replaced in time, it can burst and throw everything that has accumulated back into the water. This will lead to the death of the inhabitants.

To breed bacteria-nitrites, biological multi-porous ceramics are used. Colonies quickly form on it, cleaning is better. Best in tandem with a mechanical cleaner.

Granulated peat is used to create the effect of natural conditions and weak water oxidation.

How to choose the right filter

To select the optimal filter, consider:

• the volume of the aquarium, the number of inhabitants and the frequency of feeding - for small and medium ones, internal ones are suitable, for large ones, external ones;
• purifier performance - how many liters of water can be pumped per hour (for example, for a 50 l tank, a power of 150 l / h is enough);
• filler type;
• price.

The internal filters are suitable for tanks with a capacity of up to 200 liters. In rare cases, if they develop a high speed, they are used in aquariums up to 500 liters. Basically, for larger ones, external ones are used. They are more powerful and more efficient in purifying water from contaminants. In addition, they do not take up space in the aquarium. The level of hum depends on the model and manufacturer - silent, noisy, vibrating.

If the aquarium is made to order and has non-standard dimensions, then during assembly, the master must think in advance where the filter element will be installed.

View	Model	Description	price, rub.
Internal	Used in tanks with a capacity of 300 to 500 liters. Intensity of work is 1000 l/h. Inside the plastic housing is a compressor and cleaning materials: a sponge and coal. It creates two streams: the upper one is fast, for water intake and purification from large solid waste, the lower one is slow, for passing through the absorbent and bacteria. There is enough space in the case to accommodate the heater. Attaches to the wall with the included adhesive.	9000 - 11000
	Housing with a rotating pump for water supply, streams are directed from the bottom up. Inside is the substrate that comes with the kit. Develops a speed of 750 l / h, suitable for containers 160-250 l. Attaches to the wall with suction cups.	4500 - 6000
	Filter with a capacity of 300-720 l/h, thanks to which flows can be increased or decreased, and a rotating nozzle. Cleansing elements - sponge and bacteria. Used in vessels up to 200 liters.	4000 - 6000
	AQUAEL Turbo 2000 h.max 1.9 m	Frameless cleaner, installed in large densely populated aquariums up to 350 l. Develops the maximum speed of 2000 l/h. Sponges and bioceramics, included in the package, perfectly cope with water purification. The flow direction can be changed. If necessary, additionally purchase a case. Among the disadvantages: it creates a rumble, the sponge must be cut off for the body, otherwise a vacuum is created and the throughput is difficult.	2000 - 4000
	Low-power filter with a speed of 150 l / h, for containers up to 40 l, including those with shrimps and crustaceans. Fine pore sponge handles solid and organic waste. When washing, it is recommended to use water from the tank. The outlet rotates, which allows you to adjust the flow of water.	1000 - 3000
	It consists of two chambers and a 180° rotating nozzle. Possesses ability of an intake of air and self-cleaning. Compact, placed in the corner of the aquarium, mounted on suction cups. Used for tanks up to 100 liters. Intensity 300-600 l/h.	1000 – 2000
External	The filter - a canister with a capacity of 6 liters at a speed of 660 l / h, carries out all types of cleaning, and also dissolves oxygen. The design is designed so that water does not load the pump when it enters, which contributes to a long service life. Among the shortcomings - for standard sockets Requires an adapter that steps down the voltage from 220W to 100W. Installed for vessels with a height of not more than 45 cm.	60000 – 65000
	For tanks from 240 to 600 l. Water recycling rate 1250 l/h. It is safe for inhabitants, detains all pollution, anaerobic bacteria act.	20000 – 22000
	Medium vessels up to 300 l, intensity 900 l/h. The pre-filter crushes large particles, the main block holds them back. Cleaning from excrements, particles of vegetation is not provided. Size 7.5 l.	8000 – 11000
	The body, inside which the pump is located, 4 containers with different fillers (sponge, ceramics, interlining, zeolite) and tubes with valves for input-output. Installed for medium tanks 120-250 liters. Power 800 l/h.	5000 – 6000
	Contains 5 filter materials for complex cleaning (expanded clay rings, sponge, carbon, fibrous cloth and bio-balls). Speeds up to 600 l / h, used for tanks with a capacity of 60-120 liters. Adjustable water flow. Equipped with hose and drain pipe.	4000 – 7000

Advantages and disadvantages of filters

Beginner aquarists choose submersible filters for their small tanks. Such cleaners have several advantages:

• safe - eliminate the possibility of leaks;
• reliable - in practice, breakdowns rarely occur, usually they serve the entire period, according to the instructions, without repair;
• easy to maintain - a cleaning element - a sponge, which is periodically washed with plain water;
• budgetary;
• silent.

In addition to the advantages, they have disadvantages:

• take up space in the aquarium;
• suitable for small and medium tanks;
• Poorly purify water from contaminants due to the inability to combine different filter elements.

Professionals who keep large and deep aquariums prefer to opt for outdoor filters. They also have a number of positive and negative points.

• purify water by a complex method;
• do not load appearance reservoir;
• develop a high circulation rate.

• require extra bed outside the aquarium
• emit noise and vibration;
• are expensive.