Finishing work

in construction, a complex of construction works related to the exterior and interior decoration of buildings and structures in order to improve their operational and aesthetic qualities. O. r. are the final stage of construction; the overall assessment of the building or structure to be put into operation largely depends on their high-quality implementation. To the main O. river. include: facing works, Plastering works, Floor coverings (including Parquet works), Painting works, Wallpaper works, Glazing works.

In the practice of modern construction of residential, societies. and industrial buildings production technology O. r. has changed significantly. Prefabricated large-sized elements, structures and prefabricated parts delivered to the construction site are increasingly being used. site in its final form (for example, wall and floor panels, sanitary cabins, window and door blocks etc.), which significantly reduces the total volume of post-installation O. p. The industry has mastered the production of a number of effective finishing materials(See Finishing materials), allowing you to abandon the most time-consuming and lengthy, so-called. "wet" processes and improve the quality of finishes (dry plaster sheets, facing plates and plastic tiles, moisture-resistant wallpaper, etc.).

O. r. at construction sites, they are carried out using various means of mechanization (mobile plastering and painting stations, units for laying floors from polymer materials, puttying machines, grinding machines, trowels, electric spray guns, vibration pumps, etc.), greatly facilitating and accelerating the processes of finishing buildings and reducing the number of technological operations. However, O. river. are still very labor-intensive and account for up to 35% of all labor costs in construction and installation works in housing and civil construction.

One of the most time-consuming species. R. - facing works, the purpose of which is to cover the front surfaces of structures with piece products made of natural or artificial materials. All facing products usually supplied to building object according to the specified dimensions, colors and textures, in a ready-to-use form. According to the type of products used and the methods of their attachment to surfaces, facing works are distinguished external and internal.

External facing work is mainly reduced to facing the facades of buildings and structures with slabs and parts made of natural stone, facing bricks, ceramic stones, etc.; they are carried out, as a rule, from internal scaffolds (See scaffolding) simultaneously with the laying of walls; the space between the wall and the cladding is filled cement mortar. Sometimes stone cladding is done on finished walls; in this case, it is led from the outer scaffolding (see Scaffolding). The cladding is attached to the wall using mounting fixtures (the so-called fasteners embedded in holes drilled in the wall) and filling the sinuses with mortar. It is also used to fasten the cladding by means of steel rails or rods installed in the wall (the so-called cladding at a distance). The design of the cladding should exclude the possibility of moisture penetration through the seams and joints of the cladding products.

For interior cladding, which consists mainly in cladding walls, floors and ceilings, in modern mass construction a wide range of materials and products is used to diversify and improve the decoration of building interiors: ceramic and plastic tiles, wood chipboard, wood fiber and asbestos-cement boards (including . with enameled surface), decorative plywood, laminated plastic, decorative acoustic boards, etc. Facing works inside buildings are carried out, as a rule, after the completion of general construction works; before the start of work, all hidden wiring must be laid, the installation of risers and sanitary pipelines must be completed; the surfaces to be lined are leveled and dried, the products are sorted by shape, size and color, if necessary, the edges are ground in the products and holes are drilled. Fasten products on solutions, mastics, with the help of framing shaped layouts, on screws, and in other ways.

Lit.: building codes and rules, part 3, section B, ch. 13. Finishing coatings of building structures, M., 1963; Blokhin S. N., Galaktionov A. A., Finishing materials and works, M., 1962; Goryachev V.I., Facing works tiled and mosaic, M., 1972.

M. I. Kosyushko.

Great Soviet Encyclopedia. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. 1969-1978 .

See what "Finishing work" is in other dictionaries:

Plastering, facing, painting, wallpaper, parquet, glass, etc., associated with the exterior and interior decoration of buildings (structures). A significant amount of finishing work is carried out at factories in the manufacture of large-sized prefabricated ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Plastering, facing, painting, wallpaper, parquet, glass, etc., associated with the exterior and interior decoration of buildings (structures). A significant amount of finishing work is carried out at factories in the manufacture of large-sized prefabricated ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

In construction, a set of works performed in order to increase durability, improve operation., San. hygienic and decorative qualities of buildings and structures. To O. r. include plastering, painting, wallpaper, glass and stucco work, as well as ... ... Big encyclopedic polytechnic dictionary

Wallpaper works- - finishing works on pasting the walls of the premises with wallpaper. [Terminological dictionary for construction in 12 languages ​​(VNIIIS Gosstroy of the USSR)] Term heading: Wallpaper Encyclopedia headings: Abrasive equipment, Abrasives, Roads, Automotive equipment ... Encyclopedia of terms, definitions and explanations of building materials

repair and construction works - Construction works to restore the operational functions of buildings and structures, including partial or complete replacement structures, engineering equipment and finishing works [Terminological dictionary for construction in 12 languages ​​(VNIIIS ... ...

painting works- Finishing work on painting the surfaces of building structures and equipment, including preparatory operations, applying paint compositions and final finishing [Terminological dictionary for construction in 12 languages ​​(VNIIIS ... ... Technical Translator's Handbook

wallpaper works- Finishing work on pasting the walls of rooms with wallpaper [Terminological dictionary for construction in 12 languages ​​(VNIIIS Gosstroy of the USSR)] Topics of construction and installation work EN paperhangingpaperhanging work DE Tapeziererarbeiten FR travaux de… … Technical Translator's Handbook

parquet works- Finishing work on laying floors from block, type-setting and panel parquet or from parquet boards [Terminological dictionary for construction in 12 languages ​​(VNIIIS Gosstroy of the USSR)] Topics construction and installation work EN parquet work DE ... ... Technical Translator's Handbook

glass works- Finishing work on the glazing of light openings [Terminological dictionary for construction in 12 languages ​​(VNIIIS Gosstroy of the USSR)] Topics construction and installation work EN glazing work DE Glaserarbeiten FR travaux de vitrerievitrerie … Technical Translator's Handbook

Finishing work on painting the surfaces of building structures and equipment, including preparatory operations, applying paint compositions and final finishing (Bulgarian; Bulgarian) boyadzhyski work (Czech; Čeština) ... ... Construction dictionary

about me and my team

Stroganov Kirill

I have been in the renovation business for over 15 years. The most pleasant thing for me is a solid list of satisfied customers.

My main task is to organize the repair process in such a way that it would be easy and pleasant when interacting with me and my team. I am as open as possible to you.

I will help you choose modern material, both expensive and not expensive.
I'm optimizing the budget. Many years of experience allow me to offer you the best way to reduce the cost of repairs without loss of quality even in the premium class.

I managed to put together a great team that works well together. This allows you to clearly meet the deadlines for work, not go beyond the agreed estimate and save your time and effort.

We approach our work with pleasure, starting from the creation of a design project and ending with advice on arranging furniture and decorating a room.

Finishing work, how to do it correctly and inexpensively.

Finishing work (OP) is the process by which a protective layer is created for the structure. She receives protection from external negative influences. Also, the operational period of the surfaces is significantly developed, and a more attractive appearance is created. Thanks to competent finishing, such characteristics of the object as sound insulation and fire resistance are also improved.

Types of finishing works

Since they can be carried out from the outside and from inside premises, then their types are appropriate. A more detailed division is as follows:

1. Plastering.
2. Painting.
3. Glass work.
4. Facing.
5. Wallpaper pasting.
6. Stucco work.
7. Work on clean floors.

Before finishing work, the following stages must be completed:

1. Preparation.
2. Dismantling.
3. Draft OR.
4. Clean OR.
5. Electrical work.
6. plumbing operations.

Preparation stage

The main thing here is the preparation of the room. Furniture and other barriers to work are taken out of it. The creation of the necessary space is due to the plan of the planned work and the type of repair. If a major overhaul is planned, then all the furniture from all rooms is taken out.

At cosmetic repairs work furniture from one room can be deployed to another. Very massive furniture can remain in the room, but it should be moved to the center of the room.

It is also important to eliminate old wallpaper.

Replacement if necessary floor covering, the work is carried out in parts. Any change in the position of massive furniture after the final stage of repair is carried out very carefully.

It is possible to replace doors without changing blocks after repair. If it is necessary to replace the door blocks, these actions are performed before working with the walls.

Dismantling

Here, operations are carried out to eliminate old components: finishes, wiring, plumbing, etc.

The goal is to improve the quality of the upcoming repair, replacement of structures or redevelopment.

Dismantling can be done on your own. You can turn to professionals. One way or another, it can affect such objects:

Flooring,

Ceiling,

Wiring,

Detached commercial buildings.

Old wallpaper, paintwork, tiles and other finishes must be eliminated from the walls and ceiling. More modern materials will follow in their place. And also such dismantling allows to reveal different effects and to carry out high-quality leveling of surfaces.

Partitions may also fall under elimination. Cut out additional openings for windows and doors.

When dismantling the floor, its sheathing material is removed. Logs and boards can also be removed if a concrete base is being considered.

On the ceiling, plasterboard structures are removed.

How to remove windows, doors and wiring?

When windows and doors have solid thermal conductivity, they are replaced - they are completely dismantled.

Remove electrical wiring very carefully to avoid electric shock. Before this process, all electricity in the apartment / house is turned off. Then all the wires coming from the distributor, sockets and other current-carrying places are cut with wire cutters.

When the cable is located in the wall, it is better to extract it using a chisel, hammer, puncher, or drill. When removing it, it is important not to spoil the necessary electrical appliances.

They include the following:

1. Plaster. The goal is to close cracks and uneven areas more than 5 mm. Work affects walls and ceilings. Cement compositions are used:

With lime

With sand

With plaster.

There are also stages of work here:

A) Surfaces are prepared for the base.

B) Beacon profiles are installed.

C) The walls are finally leveled.

1. Masonry stage. Systems are created from isolated building materials. Their assembly is obtained in a certain algorithm. They are reinforced with cement mortar.

Partitions, walls, columns, fireplaces can be installed. Of the materials worth using a natural stone, foam blocks, bricks, etc.

1. Drywall work. Walls, various partitions, arches, slopes, suspension mechanisms, etc. are installed.

1. Painting stage. Surfaces are treated, primed, reinforced (if necessary), ground and polished. The final phase is puttying with leveling agents.

1. Plumbing. Sewerage and water supply, communication systems are being arranged. Pipes are installed and bred. Their tightness is checked. Devices are installed that take into account the flow of water. On the floor, an area is being prepared for a bathtub, a shower cabin and other plumbing fixtures.
2. Electrical installation. Chasing walls. Installed wires and cables. Areas for sockets and switches are being prepared. Openings are created in the walls for shields and meters, fuses, adjustable blocks.

Ceilings are installed here. If necessary - and a variety of rack and other structures.

Walls and ceiling surfaces are painted. Mixtures for painting in several layers are applied to the treated surfaces (after priming and puttying).

Wallpaper is pasted. The walls are primed before this. Wallpapers are selected according to taste and for the tasks of the room, as well as for the type of wall surface. Glue is selected based on the type of wallpaper. For example, to glue non-woven wallpaper, you should not use glue for ordinary paper wallpaper.

In the kitchen, bathroom and toilet, you can glue tiles. The process can take place on:

cement compound,

adhesive solution,

Mastic.

The surface for tiles is prepared: it is plastered, leveled, a screed is made (if necessary).

The floors are being laid. It can be parquet, laminate, linoleum and other materials. Thresholds and skirting boards are installed.

Doors and their components are mounted: platbands, limiters and other fittings.

Lighting fixtures are being installed. They can be on ceilings, walls and floors.

Plumbing is being installed.

Replacing wiring is a necessary operation, even with cosmetic repairs. These activities can be done on your own. But you still need the help of professionals in this area. The prices for these services vary. Their calculation proceeds from the type, difficulty and scope of the planned work. The replacement of the outlet is usually calculated immediately. A specialist can make some calculations right away, having studied the scope of work and knowing the wishes of the customer.

Within this stage:

1. New wiring is being designed and laid. It can be isolated or open. It's a matter of the owner's wishes.

1. Completely or partially change switches and sockets. Their work is adjusted. They can also be transferred from one area to another.
2. Removed old lamps. New devices are installed and transferred.

1. If necessary, the reason for the lack of current in a certain segment of the circuit is revealed.

1. Various counters, automatic devices and RCDs are installed.

1. The shield is assembled and assembled. Also, there can be several shields.

1. Eliminate old communications.

1. Lightning rods are installed, and a ground loop is mounted.

1. Networks with low voltage are being installed: these are TV, Internet, telephone communications.

Even with this installation, they can: ditch walls, lay wires into the created strobes, mount main cable trays, etc. The main characteristics of the quality of these works are:

1. All components of the circuit work in harmony.
2. Electricity is supplied without interruption.

Plumbing work

They include a fairly wide range of diverse works. Some of the work is simple, they can be implemented on their own. And some can only be performed by specialists. And they mean a hefty expense. Examples of such work:

1. Installation and repair of plumbing fixtures, water supply networks.
2. Connection and adjustment of household equipment.

It is optimal to order a complex of works. In this case, there will be serious expenses, but your plumbing will be of high quality.

Materials used and their pros and cons

Types of materials depend on the place of their application.

Wall finishing options:

First. Wallpaper. They can have textures, photos, images, be glossy, matte, monotonous, etc.

Their advantages:

1. Solid variety.
2. Different price range.
3. Ease of wall preparation.
4. High dynamics and ease of sticking.

1. Susceptibility to mechanical stress.
2. If some area is damaged after painting, if it is difficult to replace. The reason is the differences in the shades of circulation.

Second. Decorative plaster. It can be applied in different design. Its advantages:

1. Serious texture and color assortment.
2. You can make your own image on it.
3. Moisture resistant.
4. Durability.

Its cons:

1. High application complexity.
2. Too serious price tag.

Third. Dye. It also has versatility. Strengths:

1. An abundance of flowers.
2. Can be applied in different rooms. In the bathroom and in the kitchen, you can use moisture resistant and oil versions.

1. Ease of application.

1. Long service life.

1. There are versions at any price.
2. allowed to create patterns on the wall.

1. Shows all uneven areas on the surface.
2. The need for coverage in 2-3 layers.
3. Nasty smell.
4. Long drying process.

Fourth. Tile. Usually it is glued in bathrooms and kitchens. Her strengths:

1. Moisture resistant.
2. Ease of laundering.
3. Resistant to light mechanical stress and wear.
4. Does not ignite.
5. An abundance of color modifications, textures and sizes.

Weaknesses:

1. Modest sound and heat insulation.
2. Fragility.
3. Complicated fitting process.
4. High price tags.

Fifth. MDF panels. Pros:

1. Fast and easy installation.
2. Environmental Safety.
3. They do not need to prepare the walls.
4. abundance of types and colors.
5. Easy to clean while using.
6. Modest prices.

1. They show stains and traces of liquid.
2. Pretty fragile.
3. Susceptible to moisture.
4. This is a combustible material.
5. Unrepresentable look.

Sixth. Tree. The usual option for country houses and baths. Pros:

1. Creating a warm atmosphere.
2. Hiding uneven areas.
3. Ease of installation.
4. An abundance of forms.
5. Improves noise isolation.
6. Nice smell.
7. Environmental friendliness.
8. It can be dyed in different colors and tone.
9. With proper processing, resistance to decay and durability appears.

1. Serious prices.
2. The need to update the defense against insects and moisture.
3. Doesn't handle temperature fluctuations well.

In private homes, the interior becomes chic thanks to natural stone. Its advantages:

1. Durability.
2. Graceful look.
3. Strength.
4. Environmental friendliness.
5. Resistant to moisture and temperature fluctuations.

1. Solid prices.
2. Massiveness.
3. Clogged with dust. It's hard to extract it.

For those who need modern materials, PVC panels are suitable.

Their advantages:

1. Fast installation.
2. Lightweight sheathing.
3. An abundance of colors and images.
4. Modest prices.
5. Ecology.
6. Heat and sound insulation.
7. Moisture resistance.
8. Durability.

1. Flammability.
2. Brittleness.
3. Burnout in the sun.

Ceiling Options

Stretch and drywall options usually appear here. Their comparison is set out in this table:

Characteristics	Stretch	Drywall
Environmental friendliness
Aesthetics
Safety
Durability
The need for powerful surface preparation
Abundance of designs
High speed and ease of installation
High prices
Potential Sag
The complexity of self-installation
Difficulty cleaning dirt
Potential web tears, collapses
fragility
Weakness to cold temperatures
Damaged area cannot be replaced
easy to scratch
When using powerful lamps, spots appear
High prices
Perfect evenness
Can create a variety of designs
On top of this material, any skin fits perfectly.
Behind this material, insulation and cables can be placed
Not the best strength
Moisture and fungus resistance
The need to plaster seams and screws

You can decorate the ceilings from the inside with wallpaper, paints and whitewash.

Whitewashing is a fairly old method of decorating. Its advantages:

1. Ease of implementation.
2. Cheapness.
3. Does not lower ceiling height.
4. The ability to "breathe".
5. Ecology.
6. Mold protection

1. The need for surface preparation.
2. One color option is white.
3. cannot be washed.

If you are a fan of the classics, then white ceiling is your option. You can apply bleach. Usually its color is selected in more light colors by analogy with the color of the walls.

Floor Options

All of them must have the following qualities:

1. Ease of use.
2. High strength.
3. Fire resistance.
4. Non-slip surface.
5. Possibility for additional insulation.

If you need a universal option, then linoleum will fit. It is great for any space. Due to the abundance of colors and images, it is easily matched to any interior.

If you need an option with a better look, then it is better to take a laminate or wood. They have some analogies.

In rooms with high humidity and load on the floor, it is better to use ceramic tiles.

Even today, carpet has won good fame. This is an elegant replacement for carpets.

Characteristics	Linoleum			Ceram. tile	carpet
Easy and fast installation
Moisture resistance
Heat and noise insulation
Strength
Easy to wash
Abundance of choice
Tendency to deform
Resistance to chemical elements
Resistance to low temperatures
Resistant to temperature fluctuations
Ecology
Affordability
Durability
Noise due to poor installation
Requires special preparation before installation
fakes on sale
There are permanent breaks.
Ease of maintenance
Unpleasant odors

To finish the floor less often these options are used: natural stone, cork, rubber, bamboo and self-leveling floor.

Common mistakes when performing finishing work

Mistakes made during OR can negatively affect their quality and service life:

1. A design project has not been created that reflects the visual result. It helps to understand in advance what the appearance of the interior will be when the work is completed. This will allow you to correctly calculate the required volumes of materials and resolve the issue with the types and volume and necessary work.
2. Positions of plumbing, electrical equipment are not defined. Even at the beginning of the repair, you need to solve this dilemma in order to:

A) Determine how and where the sockets and switches will be located.

B) Develop a method for laying cables, pipes, ventilation, etc.

C) Calculate the load of the mounting structure.

For example, if you randomly plan the positions of lighting devices without dividing them into groups, in some areas of the premises you will get very weak or very strong lighting.

1. There are no reinforced structures, reinforcement and insulation in the right places. Example: if the partitions are plasterboard, then a reinforced profile must be mounted in the installation areas of massive furniture and other similar elements.
2. The conditions of all the main surfaces in the room have not been studied for defects. The same goes for communications. Example: if you do not change the wiring in an old house, it may not be able to cope with the load from a powerful household appliances. As a result, circuit breakers will fly out.
3. There is no study of heat loss sources. Example: without insulation of walls in apartments, where necessary, they can freeze, become damp. They grow mold and fungus.
4. Repairs are being carried out partially. If it is not made uniformly in the whole apartment, but only in rooms, there may be level differences in the ceilings in the rooms. So it will be more difficult to build communications, the created coatings will be damaged.

If the available funds are not enough for a complete repair, it is better to save up even more and arrange full-fledged work.

1. The use of cheap materials and compositions. As a rule, such materials are not durable. They won't last long. And soon it will have to be redone again. Example - if you lay pipes made of metal-plastic with cheap fittings, there is high risk leaks.
2. No control over repair work. Control is essential when hiring workers. For example, they may deviate from the design project, install a socket or pipes in the wrong areas, etc. Therefore, it is important to monitor the quality of work at all stages.
3. Poor quality repair. This point follows from item 8. Some brigades charge small amounts for their services. The most common reason for this is the low professional level workers. Such brigades can make repairs for a very long time and of poor quality. The end result is a waste of money.

Factors affecting the cost of repairs

Repair is a global event. It requires certain costs. But what are the factors that make up its cost? Their list is as follows:

1. The professional level of employees. The higher it is, the higher the dynamics and speed of repair.
2. The responsibility that experts can take on and the guarantees they provide.
3. Hiring a team or an agreement with a company. In the second case, the payment is always higher, but there are more guarantees for high quality repair, and all activities are reflected in the documentation.
4. The amount of work carried out by a team or firm.
5. The number of decorative components. For example, due to the use of 3d panels, ceiling lights, the payment for work also increases. These nuances must be foreseen in advance. The easier the repair is started, the easier it is to agree on an estimate.
6. Dynamics of work implementation. Here workers can work in two shifts. Accordingly, the payment will be higher.
7. Hire a foreman. It is needed if for some reason you cannot control the execution of work yourself. And if you can, and even get the materials yourself, then you get savings. But the time costs are enormous.

One of the final processes of finishing residential buildings is pasting the walls with wallpaper. This is the main pasting material for finishing the walls of living rooms and corridors. Wallpaper is a paper-based roll material, the front surface of which has a single-color or multi-color pattern. Currently, a fairly wide range of wallpapers is being produced - non-primed, primed embossed, metallized, etc. According to their purpose and operational characteristics, wallpapers can be ordinary, washable (moisture resistant) and pile. IN last years Synthetic films are widely used for interior decoration of residential and administrative buildings.

ordinary wallpaper produce a variety of colors. The color of the wallpaper should be selected depending on the purpose individual rooms, dimensions, light possibilities and a number of other data, as well as according to the instructions of the architects.

Unprimed wallpapers have a pattern applied directly to white or colored paper (background). The background may show through between the drawings. The pattern of the printed wallpaper is made with water-based glue paint.

Primed wallpapers are made from wallpaper coated with primer, on which a pattern is applied in one or more colors. In terms of quality, they are higher than unprimed ones.

Embossed wallpaper usually made from primed wallpaper paper, on which oil paints apply a pattern with simultaneous embossing.

Metallic wallpaper are made from wallpaper paper, on which a primer with metal powder is applied, after which a pattern is printed or embossed.

Washable (moisture-resistant) wallpaper is a rolled material obtained by applying a thin layer of an aqueous dispersion of synthetic resins or a finished transparent PVC film to ordinary paper wallpaper. The surface of the wallpaper can be smooth and embossed with a color pattern and embossing. They also produce wallpaper with a texture that imitates embossed plaster, fabric, silk, etc. Washable wallpaper is used for pasting the walls of living rooms, corridors and kitchens.

Pile wallpaper are rolled material, which consists of a paper base and a pile applied to the paper in a continuous layer or in the form of combinations of a smooth field and a pattern formed by a fleecy surface. Pile is made from waste weaving production wool, viscose yarn, cotton and cheap wood fiber.

Pile wallpapers are breathable and have enhanced soundproofing properties. They are mainly used for finishing rooms with increased soundproof requirements, such as radio and television studios.

Before starting pasting, the manufacturer of works checks whether the grade, quality and type of wallpaper correspond to the instructions of the building project and whether they are approved by architectural supervision. Wallpaper is delivered to the construction site in pieces, rolled into rolls. The length of the wallpaper in one piece should be 12 m, width - 500, 600 or 750 mm. By order of construction organizations, factories release wallpaper, without cutting them into pieces, in reels; the length of such panels is 500-600 m. At the same time, a workshop for cutting and completing wallpaper is organized directly at the construction site in one of the houses under construction. This allows you to check the quality of the wallpaper when cutting, and also significantly reduces the amount of waste.

When controlling the quality of the wallpaper, they make sure that the deviations in the dimensions of rolls 12 and 30 m long do not exceed ± 250 mm, and rolls 500 m long - no more than ± 3.5 m; deviations along the width of the cloth for all types of rolls should not exceed ±3 mm. The edge of the wallpaper should have the same width - 10-15 mm along the entire length of the roll.

Wallpaper must meet the following requirements:

Have a solid base (paper) that will not spread when wet, and smooth homogeneous surface without extraneous inclusions and stains;

A single-color primer on paper should be even and dense, and a multi-color primer should have a uniform placement of color spots; have a durable paint layer that does not crumble when bent and does not leave marks when touched;

There must be no damage to the base, and damage to the edges must not affect the applied pattern or background;

Humidity of wall-paper should not exceed 6-8%.

If the wallpaper comes from the procurement workshop cut into strips, then you need to make sure that they are completed for each room and apartment, correctly selected according to the pattern, color and shades, the edges are cut equally on both sides.

Deviations of the cut panels of wall-paper on length should not exceed 10, on width - 3 mm. Fuzzy or uneven edges of the pattern and displacement of the colors of the pattern on the cloth are not allowed. The cutting line of the edge of the wallpaper panel should be even, without distortions and stripes of the uncut edge.

Particular attention is paid to the correct transportation of wallpaper and linkrust. Wallpaper is transported packed in packs and bales according to the types of colors and patterns. In this case, the packs are placed vertically. Wallpaper is stored in dry rooms equipped with shelving; linkrust rolls are stored in vertical position in a dry warm room at a temperature of 0-18 ° C.

Pasting the walls with wallpaper is preceded by a thorough preparation of the surface of the walls, carried out in accordance with the recommendations of SNiP III-21-73 "Finishing coatings of building structures". Surfaces intended for wallpapering are well dried, leveled and cleaned of a solution of chalk or lime whitewash. Detected cracks, shells and cracks are sealed with lime-gypsum mortar.

On the prepared surface under the wallpaper, wrapping or newspaper paper is pasted, clean, without oil stains. For pasting walls with paper, and then with wallpaper, pastes made on the basis of flour, starch, wood glue, as well as various synthetic adhesives, adhesive mastics, and adhesive compositions based on dry building mixtures are used. For gluing synthetic films on a fabric basis, latex water-based adhesive bustilate or polyvinyl acetate adhesive is used. Such adhesives are prepared in the paint shops of construction sites or in paint shops.

Wall surfaces are cleaned of dust and other contaminants. Rough surfaces are carefully smoothed with the butt of a tree or a bream. Uneven surfaces of plaster or concrete are partially greased or completely putty. Then covered with paper.

Reinforced concrete walls wall panels, made in cassette forms, as well as walls that have a flat and smooth surface, leveled at the factory, are not pasted over with waste paper.

Walls lined with dry sheets gypsum plaster, they do not paste over with waste paper, and the rusts between the sheets of dry plaster are filled with putty flush with the entire surface and pasted over with strips of paper in 1-3 layers. After drying, the edges of the paper strips are cleaned with fine sandpaper or pumice. The recessed nail heads are covered with drying oil, sealed with putty and polished.

Before sticking paper, the surface of the walls is covered with a paste in separate sections. At the same time, the paste should not dry out completely until the paper smeared with paste is applied to it.

When pasting walls simple wallpaper sheets of waste paper can be glued with an overlap. When pasting ordinary wallpaper paper is glued back to back. When pasting with embossed high-quality wallpaper, the paper is pasted end-to-end in two layers, and the second layer is pasted after careful grinding of the puttied and dried first layer of paper so that the seams of the first layer do not coincide with the seams of the second. Each pasted sheet should be well smoothed and leveled with a brush or rag so that there are no folds, wrinkles and bubbles on it. Particular care should be taken to paste over the surface near the baseboards and platbands. After drying, the surfaces pasted over with paper are inspected and the detected defects are cleaned with pumice stone or circles with fine glass skin.

Wallpapering should be started only after the glued paper has completely dried. The foreman inspects the panels of wallpaper intended for pasting this room and, if necessary, instructs the foreman to sort them. Light-colored wallpapers selected during sorting are recommended to stick on shady walls (less lit), and dark-colored wallpapers - on illuminated ones.

Sliced ​​panels are laid on the table with the pattern up. Then the upper panel is fixed under the folding roller of the spreading mechanism and passed through the mechanism. Wallpapers stick well only when they are sufficiently saturated with paste before being applied to the wall. Therefore, the foreman must ensure that poorly soaking wallpaper on thick paper, after the first spreading with paste, is kept on the tables. Before the sticker itself, sufficiently soaked canvases are re-smeared with paste with special brushes with the paste supplied from the pressure tank. Lubricated panels are first folded in half, connecting together the surfaces first covered with paste, and then four times (picture to picture). The panels folded in this way are served on workplace and paste.

In order for the panels to be glued strictly vertically, control vertical lines are beaten off on the prepared surface with a cord along a plumb line, along which the panel is applied. The first vertical line is applied by measuring from the corner in the upper part of the wall a distance equal to the width of the panel. The first canvas is glued exactly along the intended vertical line or marks and in the direction from the window deep into the room. This is done in order to eliminate shadows from the edges of thick wallpaper.

When sticking, the panel is applied with its upper end to the wall, and then smoothed with a clean rag or hair brush from the middle to the edges, while squeezing air out from under the wallpaper.

A well-ironed panel should not have wrinkles, swollen places, folds and raised edges. Edges are recommended to be rolled with rubber rollers. If an air bubble appears under the pasted panel, the wallpaper above it is pierced with a needle, the air is squeezed out and this place is carefully smoothed. The next panel is glued in the same way, making sure that the pattern on both panels exactly matches at the joints. In the course of work, short pieces (panels) are glued under and above the windows, as well as above the doors.

To increase the productivity of painters when pasting walls with wallpaper and improve the quality of their work, a brush with a spring holder is used to paste wallpaper. The panel smeared with glue is captured by the holder and placed on the upper part of the wall, adjusting the pattern to the pattern of the previously pasted panel. Then, pressing the upper part of the panel against the wall with the palm of your hand, release the holder and smooth it with a brush and press the panel against the wall over the entire plane.

Excess wallpaper at cornices, skirting boards, door frames, in corners with surface distortions, at window slopes, radiator niches and in other places are cut along the ruler immediately after the sheet is pasted until it is dry. When sticking on new surfaces, the wallpaper should be run behind the skirting boards and platbands, so the latter can be nailed only after pasting the walls with wallpaper. After pasting is completed, the walls are allowed to dry a little, and then they proceed to the sticker of the border or frieze.

Wallpapering of ceilings is carried out on reinforced concrete floor panels the size of a room. The ceiling surfaces of the panels must be even and smooth. Their humidity should not exceed 8%. Fat and rust stains, shells with a depth and diameter of more than 4 mm are unacceptable on the surface. Before pasting the ceilings must be completed concealed wiring. Surface preparation is carried out as follows: using a metal scraper with a long handle, the painter cleans the surface from mortar splashes and other contaminants; lubricates irregularities; putty places where the ceiling adjoins the walls; polishes smudged areas.

For pasting ceilings, wallpaper of light colors with a pattern that does not require adjustment of the panels when pasting is selected. The quality of the wallpaper must meet the following requirements: the background of the wallpaper must be uniform, without spots, stripes, streaks, the paint layer must be durable, not shallow and peel off, the edges of the wallpaper must be even and not have tears. Ceilings are pasted over immediately before pasting the walls. Immediately before pasting, the ceilings and upper parts of the walls are primed with a 3% solution of CMC glue.

The foreman of the painters must control the quality of the preparation of the paste for pasting ceilings using CMC glue. 500 g of CMC glue are poured into 10 liters of water with a temperature not exceeding 40 ° C with continuous stirring. The composition is kept for 12 hours until the adhesive is completely dissolved. Before using the paste, it must be mixed. The viscosity of the paste according to the VZ-4 viscometer should be 50 s at a temperature of 18°C.

Sticking wallpaper on the ceiling is as follows. First, the adhesive composition is applied to the ceiling with a fly roller in an even layer without gaps and streaks. The applied composition must be kept for at least 20 minutes. Then the painter with a fly brush applies the adhesive composition along the perimeter of the walls to a width of 10 cm. The wallpaper is passed through the installation for applying the paste, kept for 20 minutes for impregnation with the composition and glued to the ceiling, blocking the corner and the upper part of the wall by 10 cm.

The wallpaper sticker on the ceiling starts from the window to the door, parallel to the short wall with an overlap of 10-15 mm. The overlap should face the light. The glued panels are smoothed with a brush with movements from the middle to the edges. Wallpapered ceilings protect from direct exposure to sunlight and drafts until completely dry. During the drying of the wallpaper, the air temperature in the room must be constant, not higher than 23 ° C, and the windows in the rooms must be closed. With this drying mode, wallpaper pasted on the ceiling dries out in 1-2 days. and provide high quality work.

The quality of wallpaper work must meet the following requirements:

Panels of roll finishing materials and wallpaper should have the same color and shade;

Panels of wallpaper must be arranged vertically, without deviations of the position of the edges from the plumb line by more than 1 mm to the height of the pasting;

The fit of the edges of complex panels must be accurate, without gaps between the panels and without distorting the pattern; pattern displacement is allowed no more than 0.5 mm;

From under the cut edge of the wallpaper, the underlying edge should not be visible;

The joints of the wallpaper should be overlapped, the upper edge of the wallpaper in the joint should be facing the light (towards the window);

The joints of the wallpaper when sticking them back to back should not be visible at a distance of 3 m;

The border must be glued horizontally, without distortions of more than 2 mm for the entire length of the walls; the curb width should be no more than 25 mm, the joints should be overlapped and so that the upper edge of the curb strip is facing the light (window); the border should completely cover the upper edge of the wallpaper panel, the distance from the ceiling to the top of the border should be no more than 10 cm;

The wallpaper panels from above must be completely hung under the curb, without gaps between their top and the curb, the lower ends of the wallpaper must be cut 10 mm above the level of the finished floor (for single skirting boards and fillets) or at the level of the top of the skirting board (for double wooden and PVC skirting boards) );

It is not allowed to stick wallpaper on the plinth;

Spots, places contaminated with paste, streaks, changes in the color and shade of wallpaper, backlog of wallpaper, swelling, folds, wrinkles, uneven cut lines of wallpaper at skirting boards and platbands, unglued places, inserts (patches, pasting) of individual places in panels are not allowed.

Based on the materials of the reference book "Universal reference book foreman". STC "Stroyinform".

Finishing work- a process, the main purpose of which is to create a protective layer that protects structures from negative impact environment, extending the life of surfaces, as well as giving them a more attractive appearance. In addition, competently carried out finishing can significantly improve the soundproofing and fire-prevention characteristics of the object.

Types of finishing work in construction: the main classification

As you know, finishing work can be carried out inside and outside the premises, respectively, two main groups can be immediately distinguished: internal and external processes. However, there is a more detailed classification, according to which finishing works are divided into:

Plastering works;

Painting works;

Glass works;

Facing works;

Wallpaper works;

Stucco work.

In addition, the list of finishing works also includes processes for creating clean floors. They start finishing only after the completion of all construction and electrical work. Before starting work, the premises go through a preparatory process.

Types of finishing work in construction: implementation procedure

When carrying out finishing work, it is very important to adhere to correct sequence. For example, you can start working with paints and varnishes only after plastering is completed. Arrangement of floors is the penultimate stage, after which only wallpaper work can be carried out.

- a rather vague concept, since their list includes a variety of processes, including carpentry and carpentry.

Finishing work is The final stage construction or renovation of buildings. They are performed in order to protect the structure of the house from the effects of the external environment, create comfortable living conditions, and give the house a complete look.

Finishing is carried out both inside (internal finishing works) and outside buildings (external finishing works). Finishing materials must comply with sanitary and hygienic standards, withstand destructive mechanical influences, and retain their original appearance for a long time.

Building a house or overhaul includes rough and fine finishing. IN rough finish includes work on leveling the surfaces of ceilings, walls, floors; device, if necessary, a "warm floor" system; installation of heating, water supply and sewerage systems; laying electrical wiring; installation of window and door blocks, all types of glazing.

Fine (finishing) finishing is performed after roughing. It includes the following types of work:

• Plumbing installation.
• Laying ceramic tiles.
• Finishing of ceilings and walls - finishing plaster and putty, painting, wallpapering, finishing with decorative panels and artificial stone and other design work.
• Installation of the final floor covering.
• Installation of sockets, switches, installation of hanging furniture and other actions to decorate a house or apartment.

Fine finishing completes the construction or renovation of the house, after its completion, the housing is ready for occupancy and permanent residence.

The main types of finishing works

Depending on the purpose and technological operations, finishing works are classified into plastering, glass, painting, facing, wallpapering and finishing floor coverings.

Glass work

Glazing of external windows and doorways buildings are produced at the first stage of rough finishing. Most of the interior decoration operations cannot be performed without installing windows and doors, since plaster and paint compositions, wallpaper and other finishing materials for internal works not intended for use in drafts and high humidity.

Glazing do different ways, but in modern construction, as a rule, they put ready-made double-glazed windows made in the factory. To install glass blocks, it is better to invite a specialized team of workers.

Plaster work

facade plastering, internal walls, ceilings - an obligatory part of the finishing work.

Plaster is applied to protect building surfaces from environmental influences and heat loss, as well as to level the bases for fine finishing.

Plastering works can be divided into two types: wet and dry plastering. Wet, or monolithic plaster is the application of solutions of various plaster mixtures to the surface in order to level or obtain embossed decorative surfaces. Now they produce a lot of dry putty and plaster mixtures, which only need to be diluted with water before application. According to their composition, they are:

• Ordinary. Consisting of a binder and fillers, they are used to level and eliminate differences in the base before subsequent finishing.
• Specialized. They contain special additives and have certain properties - soundproof, waterproof, frost-resistant, heat-insulating and others.
• Decorative. They not only level the surface, but also give it an original relief and color.

Dry plaster is called drywall sheets, with the help of which they perform interior decoration walls, ceilings, install partitions between rooms. Drywall looks good in the interior, but it is not recommended to use it for outdoor work, since the material does not have the necessary resistance to atmospheric agents.

Painting works

Painting work is the painting of surfaces for the purpose of protection from the external environment, ensuring sanitary and hygienic requirements, and improving the appearance. Painting paints are made on an aqueous or non-aqueous basis.

In the first case, the coloring pigments are bound by cement, glue, lime, liquid glass; in the second - with synthetic resins, bitumen, drying oils, and other natural or synthetic materials. Various solvents give the necessary consistency to the paints.

The quality characteristics of the binder determine the type of paint: oil, adhesive, synthetic. Glue paints are used, as a rule, for the internal surfaces of the building, oil paints - for painting facades, wet rooms, metal structures. Synthetic, water-based, silicate coloring compounds are versatile and suitable for any surface.

The technology of painting works consists of several operations: cleaning surfaces from irregularities, removing dirt and dust, puttying, applying soil, painting in several layers.

Facing works

Facing work consists in finishing facades, exterior and interior walls, ceilings and floors with ceramic tiles, siding panels, ceramic and natural granite, artificial and natural stone and other facing materials.

The cladding technology depends on the characteristics of the surface and on the properties of the material. The general rules for facing are as follows:

• High adhesion (adhesion to the surface). This quality is ensured by the correct selection of the adhesive composition and compliance with the laying conditions for a particular material.
• No voids under facing material, for this it is necessary to level the base well and evenly apply the adhesive mixture.
• The absence of cracks, chips, irregularities, remnants of the frozen solution.
• Seams of the same width and perpendicular to each other. Facing is carried out using levels and other devices that allow you to evenly lay the finishing material.

Facing work begins with the upper surfaces (ceilings, walls), and then proceeds to the arrangement of floor coverings. The exception is sanitary facilities - bathrooms, showers, toilets, garages. In conditions of high humidity, condensation forms on the walls, and water can penetrate into the joints of the ceilings. Therefore, in such rooms, floor tiles are first laid.

wallpaper sticker

Pasting the walls with wallpaper is the final stage of interior decoration, with the exception of painting or varnishing the floors. The market of finishing materials is saturated with rolled materials of various textures, colors and quality characteristics. Consider the most popular.

paper wallpaper

A common type of wallpaper, the cheapest and easiest to stick. Single-layer wallpaper (simplex) and two-layer wallpaper (duplex) are produced. More often they have a smooth texture, but there are also embossed images. Paper wallpaper is an environmentally friendly material, but they are afraid of moisture, fade, absorb odors. Usually used in living rooms.

Non-woven wallpaper

They are made of non-woven dense fabrics. Much stronger than paper wallpaper, not afraid of moisture, environmentally friendly, do not shrink after sticking, hide minor defects surfaces. Good for walls and ceilings. If a layer of vinyl is applied to non-woven wallpaper, they can be glued for painting.

Vinyl wallpapers

Available in paper or non-woven backing with foam vinyl backing. Such wallpapers do not fade, they can be washed, painted. On sale there are smooth, embossed wallpapers, as well as silk-screened canvases. Vinyl wallpapers they do not let air through, so it is better not to use them in bedrooms and children's rooms, but in the kitchen and in the hallway such material will be in place.

Elite wallpapers made of natural materials

As a basis for them, paper or interlining is used, and upper layer performed from natural materials: bamboo, straw. Veneer, cork, cane and others.

Environmentally friendly materials, they look beautiful on the walls, but they are expensive, they are afraid of moisture and can fade in the sun.

Often, natural wallpaper is glued to one of the walls, which gives the interior an original look.

Textile wallpapers

The front side of the fabric wallpaper is made of silk, cotton, velor, linen and other natural and synthetic materials. Fabric wallpapers are resistant to sunbeams, possess heat-insulating and sound-proofing properties. Their disadvantages include low resistance to moisture, pollution, odors, mechanical damage.

Liquid wallpaper

Liquid wallpaper by appearance similar to decorative plaster. They are made from cellulose with the addition of various fibers, sparkles and natural dyes. Harmless to health, level the walls, create an unusual relief surface.

Due to their high hygroscopicity, they are not recommended for use in wet areas. Sold in the form of dry mixes, which are diluted with water before application.

In addition to those listed above, acrylic, metallized wallpapers, finishing roll materials from fiber glass, photowall-paper and others. Adhesives for each type of wallpaper is selected in accordance with the instructions attached to the batch of material.

Finishing technology varies depending on the type of wallpaper. Before sticking, it is necessary to clean and level the surface, it is better to glue the wallpaper, starting from the window of the room. It is advisable to avoid drafts during operation.

Floor covering device

Finishing flooring flooring completes the finishing work of the house. Diversity modern materials allows you to satisfy the tastes of any buyer. Here are some examples of common floor coverings.

Parquet

The time-tested material has not lost its relevance in our days. Now more often lay parquet boards from various breeds wood: oak, maple, ash, beech. Computer technologies make it possible to model the laying pattern and carry out original design solutions.

parquet board

For the price, the material compares favorably with parquet. It is made from natural wood in a wide range of color shades. Laying parquet boards is carried out according to the principle of locking. Just like parquet parquet board lends itself well to repeated scraping, stripping and varnishing.

Laminate

Reliable material, resistant to scratches and mechanical damage. Its top layer imitates the texture of wood, parquet, ceramic tiles, natural stone - it all depends on the taste and preferences of the customer. During laying, the material is fixed with the help of locking elements provided for by the design of the panels.

In addition to these materials, for finishing flooring use wooden planks, cork flooring, mats, ceramic tiles, porcelain tiles, slabs made of natural or artificial stone, roll materials (carpet, linoleum).

The technology of laying flooring varies depending on the material chosen. After the installation of the floors, the decoration of the room can be considered complete.

Our offers

The MosKomplekt company performs finishing works for private houses, apartments and public buildings. Turning to us, you will receive a beautiful cozy house, the design of which will meet all the requirements of reliability and environmental safety.

We do not charge for the departure of specialists for measurements and assessment of the conditions of work. Our specialists perform both individual types of work and turnkey finishing of apartments and houses.

The total cost of repair and finishing services depends on many factors and is calculated after clarifying the scope of work. We have reasonable prices and individual approach to every client. Estimated cost of turnkey finishing:

• Cosmetic repairs - from 2,500 rubles / m2.
• Overhaul - from 5,800 rubles / m2.
• Elite renovation (European-style renovation) – from 7,900 rubles/m2.