Profession weaver: what does he do? Summary of directly educational activities in the older age group on the topic "Introduction to the weaver's craft. Professions of weaving production
Details Updated: 14/04/2019 10:50 Published: 08/05/2017 11:04
A weaver is a specialist in the textile industry who is engaged in the manufacture of fabrics using a loom.
Profession history:
Profession weaver originates from the Stone Age. The forefathers of modern weavers were people who tried to make fabrics by interweaving plant fibers, vines, strips of leather and other materials.
During excavations near the Turkish village of Chatal Huyuk, archaeologists managed to find a sample of linen fabric. As the research results showed, the material was made 6500 BC. The first looms were mechanisms, the basis of the fabric on which was in vertical position and was tied to the horizontal branches of low trees. At ground level, the threads were fixed with stones. Small pegs were often used as a support. The weft was woven with the warp by hand. Starting from the 5th millennium BC. e, the masters actively used manual machines that have been upgraded periodically.
In 1733, the world saw the invention of the Englishman John Kay - a loom with the so-called "shuttle-plane". Thus, it was possible to make a breakthrough in the textile industry. Factory spinning continued to develop steadily.
Profession features:
Predominantly women work in this area. Weavers are engaged in the manufacture of ribbons, ribbons and fabrics various kinds. Technical equipment is selected in accordance with the types of manufactured products and the type of their weave.
Today, automatic equipment operates in the textile industry. Manual or mechanical machines with a foot drive are used in the field of handicraft production. This is a very painstaking work, which requires perseverance and precise movements from the master.
Due to its specificity, work as a weaver is quite complex. Such work is contraindicated for people who suffer from diseases of the heart and respiratory organs. Violation of the musculoskeletal system or the presence of an allergy also prevents the successful passage of professional selection.
Responsibilities:
The weaver is a specialist who must monitor the level of product quality. The master maintains the machine, sets the optimal level of thread tension, eliminates breaks and changes shuttles, and also removes the finished product. Refueling the loom, collection and delivery of waste are also included in the list of duties of the weaver. In some cases, it is necessary to quickly eliminate minor technical malfunctions.
With multi-station service, the weaver must choose the most optimal route and sequence of work. For this reason, an experienced specialist is distinguished not only by sleight of hand, but also by deliberation of actions.
Important qualities:
- responsibility;
- accuracy;
- excellent vision;
- accurate eye gauge;
- no hearing problems
- developed fine motor skills;
- attentiveness;
- endurance.
Skills and knowledge:
The weaver is a specialist who must know the principle of operation of the machine and its device, as well as - key features used fibers and finished fabrics. It requires the ability to quickly eliminate minor equipment malfunctions in the course of work, to carry out thread and wire scraping. The weaver should be able to determine by ear the nature of the work of the loom in order to prevent its possible failure.
Natalia Leshchinskaya
Abstract directly educational activities in senior age group on the topic "Introduction to the weaver's craft"
Synopsis of directly educational activities
V senior age group on the topic:
« Acquaintance with the craft of weaving»
Target: educate love and respect for folk traditions, the origins of Russian culture.
Tasks:
Educational:
To generalize and systematize the knowledge of children about the objects and utensils of the Russian hut;
Deepen understanding of the need to preserve folk traditions;
Master the skills of weaving 2 threads, create a pattern following the sequence;
Enrich and activate children's vocabulary with the help of words: weaver, weaver, loom, weaves, potter, potter's wheel ...
Exercise in coherent speech, the exact use of words.
Educational:
Develop children's speech creativity by creating words by word WEAVER;
Develop memory, attention, thinking;
Develop fine motor skills.
Educational:
To cultivate love and respect for folk traditions, the origins of Russian culture, through folk crafts;
To cultivate respect for the work of other people;
Cultivate meticulousness diligence.
preliminary work: acquaintance with the craft of potter, inventing with children diagram cards characterizing the work of a potter, working with clay on a potter's wheel, clay modeling (roly-poly, snowman, cup and saucer, bird) and coloring of the received products.
Hello, dear guests, show yourself, look at me.
I hasten to tell you - hello!
To wish good health.
I hasten to tell you - goodness!
To wish you a new happiness.
I hasten to tell you joy!
Good luck, success and luck!
To wish everyone
The most beautiful mood.
Let's say hello to each other and wish you good health with the game "Hello".
Guys, you came to visit me, in my hut.
Tell me, what is the name of the room in which I meet you? (room)
That's right, it's a mountain. The most beautiful and elegant room. Let's take a look at the decoration and objects that are in the upper room together. (stove, ... chest)
Guys, tell me why antiquity used chests? (answers)
Yes, in chests antiquity stored things and objects, as we now store all this in cabinets. And in my chest riddles were hidden from you, and riddles are in the upper room.
First riddle: On toptal was,
Was on the circle
Was on fire
came home -
He fed his family. (clay pot)
Tell me, who makes pottery? (potter)
The potter appears on the multimedia screen. (audio recording)“Yes, you guys are right. It's me, a potter making clay (ceramic) dishes. And you came to visit me, to my workshop, where I showed you and told you how difficult and interesting it is to work with clay and what beautiful products are obtained."
Guys, please show and tell me how the potter works with clay. What for what and what actions it performs. And the master potter will test you. (presentation)
Tell me, what does the potter do first? (First the potter takes the clay.) Let's check if it's correct or not.
Okay, so what does the potter do then? (Then the potter tramples the clay to make it soft and plastic.) Let's check.
What then does the potter do? (After that, the clay potter makes lumps) Let's check.
What does the potter do with these lumps? (The potter puts the lumps on the potter's wheel and sculpts a pot or other product. Be sure to wet his hands during work so that they glide better on the clay.) Let's check whether it is correct or not.
The potter made a pot, what does he do with it next? (Then the potter dries the pot.) Let's check.
After the pot has dried, what does the potter do? (The potter puts the pot in the oven to burn it.) Let's check the correctness.
Here the potter burned the pot, what does he do next? (Then the pot can be painted and you can cook in it.) Let's check.
Potter: (audio recording)“Well done guys, they were attentive and did everything right. Well, it's time for me to get back to work. Goodbye"
Guys, there are more puzzles in my chest, listen carefully.
1. What kind of simpleton is this
Lie down at the door on the barrel,
On the road on the doorstep
Stops legs? (mat)
2. The track says -
Two embroidered ends:
- Wash at least a little, wash the ink off your face!
Otherwise you are at noon
Dirty me. (towel)
Guys, who do you think makes towels and rugs?)
This towel was woven weaver. Today we get acquainted with the profession of a weaver. Let's sit side by side and have a good conversation. Presentation…
I invite you to the weaving factory. * There are looms in a large, bright room. Works on looms weaver. * Job weavers are not simple. On a weaving loom weaver making cloth. * The fabric is bright, multi-colored. Helps weaver at shuttle work. * On loom weaver pulling threads. * The shuttle runs between them and pulls the thread. See how (video) So painstakingly, row after row weaver does its job. Weaving fabric. Clothes, towels, and much more are sewn from fabric. * Fabric with weaving factory goes to the store and to the garment factory.
Guys, I suggest you try to weave yourself, how weaver. And I invite you to the weaving room.
Before you is cardboard - the machines are already stretched with a thread. Look carefully, I'll show you how the thread will run between the threads, and then try it yourself.
We take the thread by one end and carefully thread it between the threads. Alternately, our thread ran over the thread, fell under the thread, again above the thread and under the thread.
Now let's try to weave with me. Take the thread by the end with your right hand. Our thread will run between the threads from right to left. First above the thread, then below the thread. …
smart girls, tried did the job neatly. We will continue to learn how to weave, but now you are probably tired and I suggest you play the game of lace.
Let's get in a circle. Each of you is a thread and our threads will be in pairs, find a pair for yourself. We will weave lace, and the shuttle will help us with this and weaver. And which couple will be the shuttle and weaver, we learn by counting.
Three four five!
Stop sleeping!
The sun has long since risen
It's time for us to go play!
The shuttle runs away from weaver, A the weaver catches up with him, but do not forget that you need to run around each thread.
Ready? Then: one, two, three - run ... (1-2 times)
Well done, well played.
And tell me, please, what professions did we talk about today (potter and weaver)
What new profession are we with you met. (weaver)
A woman of this profession is called weaver And what is the name of the man? (weaver)
What machine does it work on? weaver? (loom)
What weaver does on a loom? (weaving)
What subject helps weaver weave? (shuttle)
Weaver on a loom weaves what? (What weaver weaving on a loom) (cloth, rugs, belts, towels)
You are right, towels were also woven, and guests were served bread and salt on the most beautiful towel.
Guys, I played with you and almost forgot that I baked bread.
Bread and salt was served to the guests, rejoicing that they had come. Takova old tradition of the Russian people.
I suggest you try the bread, but first you need to wash your hands, and then we will sit at the tables and treat ourselves to bread.
Weavers work on looms, which are both manual and mechanical and automated. On the machines, you can weave carpets, tapestries, linen, ribbons, braid. Each type of product and type of weave requires a specific machine.
Modern textile production is based on automated machines. One weaver serves several machines at once: prepares them for work, changes shuttles with yarn, adjusts its tension, and eliminates breaks. When the canvas is ready, remove it from the machine.
An experienced weaver can identify a malfunction in the loom by sound, evaluate the quality of the thread by touch and by eye. The working day of such a weaver passes in constant walking between the machines.
On the other hand, working with a manual or foot-operated machine requires painstaking work and means sitting in one place for a long time.
Such machines are still used for handicraft production. For example, to create carpets self made. For the manufacture of highly artistic, ornamental and plot carpets, vertical and horizontal manual looms are used. The warp threads are stretched over the frame, weft threads are passed between them.
In handicraft production, weavers may adhere to certain traditional patterns or work according to the sketch of the artist, according to their own drawing.
Historical reference
People learned to weave even before the advent of yarn, in the Stone Age, interlacing plant fibers, creepers, strips of leather, etc. In ancient Greek and Roman literature, the literature of China, India, Asia Minor and Egypt, there is evidence that weaving existed at that time.
The oldest known fabric is considered to be linen fabric, made around 6500 BC. e. It was discovered during archaeological excavations near the Turkish village of Chatal Huiyuk.
On the first weaving devices, the warp of the fabric was located vertically and tied to the horizontal branches of trees. At the ground, the threads were fixed with stones or pegs. The duck was intertwined with the warp by hand.
Already in the 5th millennium BC. e. hand looms were used, which over time became more complicated and improved.
In 1733, the Englishman J. Kay invented a loom with a flying shuttle ("shuttle-plane"), which doubled the productivity of weaving. This was the beginning of the industrial revolution in the textile industry. Home spinning gave way to factory spinning.
In 1786, the English priest E. Cartwright invented a fully mechanized loom, in which he combined all the basic operations of hand weaving. With its appearance, weavers began to serve several machines at the same time. In 1789, he began to use a steam engine in his factory of 20 machine tools.
Today, automatic machines work in the textile industry.
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Workplace
Weavers serving automated machines work in textile factories. Masters of hand weaving work individually or in small workshops for the production of tapestries, carpets, etc.
Important qualities
A weaver needs good eyesight, an eye, dexterity of fingers. When working with automated machines, you need good hearing, because. the sound can determine the nature of the machine. Requires physical endurance.
Health. The weaving shop is a very noisy place. This can be bad for your hearing.
Diseases of the respiratory system, cardiovascular system, musculoskeletal system, nervous system, allergies, hearing and vision problems are contraindications for such work.
Salary
Salary as of 04.06.2019
Russia 15000—45000 ₽
Moscow 25000—40000 ₽
Knowledge and skills
It is necessary to have skills in working on machine tools, to know the design of machine tools, the properties of the fibers used, the resulting fabrics, and to be able to eliminate minor breakdowns in the process.
Where do they teach
To work as a weaver in a factory, it is enough to have an initial vocational education (VET), which can be obtained at a vocational school.
The next stage of education - secondary vocational (SVE) - allows you to get the specialty "Technology of textile products" (qualification "Technician"). You can learn it in a college or technical school.
The process of manufacturing a textile fabric is impossible without such a specialist as a weaver. This profession, which originated several hundred years ago, is still one of the most sought after.
The loom has undergone a complex evolution over the period of its existence. In the first most primitive device, the threads at the top were tied to tree branches, and at the bottom they were attached to the ground with pegs. Later, machines with a moving shuttle appeared. The invention brought the spinning of fabrics to the level of factory production.
It is worth noting that in those days mainly men were engaged in weaving. Such a gender identity of the profession was due to the complexity of working on the machines: the weaver had to sit in one place for a long time, carefully monitor the level of thread tension and manually adjust its supply.
With the advent of improved weaving machines, in the device of which mechanical units began to be used, the work of the weaver became less labor-intensive. Spinning speed and productivity improved immediately. Now weaving machines are automated devices in which mechanical manual labor is reduced to a minimum. Thanks to this, women began to learn professions. Now, for the most part, it is the fair sex that works in textile enterprises in weaving workshops.
A modern weaver is a specialist who maintains several machines at once, monitors their smooth operation. An experienced weaver can only determine by the sound of the loom what condition the machine is in, whether it needs additional adjustment or repair.
A highly qualified worker in the weaving workshop must have such skills as:
- good vision and accurate eye;
- developed fine motor skills of fingers;
- attention;
- physical endurance.
Where to study to be a weaver
You can get basic weaving skills in vocational schools. After training, such a specialist will be able to work on the simplest manual or mechanical looms with a foot drive. Such devices are the main equipment in small textile workshops, where handmade carpets and tapestries are produced.
Do not miss:
To work in industrial textile factories, you need to graduate from a technical school or college and get the qualification "Technician". After training, the weaver will be able to:
- independently control the operation of the machine;
- prepare and refuel the machine before its work;
- eliminate fabric defects;
- to carry out a probing of the main threads and wire;
- control the condition of the shuttle and replace the spools in it.
Despite the maximum automation of textile production, the profession of a weaver remains quite difficult due to its specifics. Therefore, there are health restrictions for her. Persons who have problems with the musculoskeletal system, disorders of cardio-vascular system and respiratory organs, as well as people suffering from allergies, will not be able to pass professional selection.
