Hand forging and fitting. How to make a snail for cold forging with your own hands - step by step instructions and drawings. Bending manual machine "Gnutik"

Blacksmithing is a hard physical labor that requires special equipment in conjunction with the specialized knowledge and experience of the master. However, for the manufacture of some artistic elements, you simply need to bend the blanks at the right angle. The deformation of metal can be performed mechanically without heating; for this, cold forging machines are used. What features such units have - will be discussed in this article.

Choice of tools and materials for forging. Tips for beginner metal artists. Description of the forging process, features and warnings.

The main working force required to deform the material will be assumed by the support, so the base of the future machine must be strong. For this purpose, an I-beam or a pair of channels welded together is suitable. The stability of the base will be added by paws from a similar profile, welded to general design. Then you can start manufacturing other components - the tailstock and the spindle.

At each node homemade machine do-it-yourself cold forging, chucks intended for placing blanks in them must have strong screw clamps (in order to securely fix them). Due to the reduction in the length of the workpiece when twisting, the tailstock is always made sliding. It is allowed to build a headstock from a vice, fixing them on the base with bolts having a standard size of at least M16. On the same axis with the clamping unit, a bushing is installed for the movable part of the machine, in which holes for clamping bolts are pre-drilled.

The movable part of the spindle is turned by a handle consisting of 4 levers, which are long enough to dampen the force applied for rotation. You can add rubber grommets to protect your hands from slipping.

The main difference in the assembly of a universal home-made cold forging machine lies in the design of the moving part. It should provide for screw feed in the manufacture of lanterns and baskets and be fixed with the usual twisting of the metal. Therefore, the movable part is supplied with a set of two spindles - smooth and screw. In this version, the sliding headstock requires a locking screw for fixing.

Helpful advice! If it is necessary to make a workpiece that is not twisted along its entire length, but only in certain areas, limiters are added to the machine design. They are made according to the type of tailstock - with screw clamps and the possibility of sliding.

Work on a torsion machine is physically tiring, it is difficult to obtain high-quality products in large volumes. Therefore, the introduction of an electric drive into the design would be an appropriate solution.

How to make a cold forging machine

The bending machine is monumental, massive, simple in design and assembly, but difficult to find and fit parts. Its purpose is to bend the workpiece at different angles, so the force on all nodes will be equally large, which means that the requirements for assembly parts are high.

A thick steel frame is selected for the base of the machine. It is worth considering that the machine will be mounted on the table. Usually fasteners are made with a bolted connection, for example, like a vice. A guide is made in the center of the frame, which will be movable. It is driven by an eccentric mechanism, which, in turn, is fixed on the base frame. Additionally, three stops are installed, creating a kind of “fork” - these are the working elements of the structure. Depending on the fold profile, they are changed: round rollers - to make a wave, "hammer" - to form corners.

Working elements are made only from structural steel. Their strength is the reliability of all equipment. Processing and fitting such products require only professional equipment. Therefore, if there are difficulties in ordering, buying or manufacturing the main components, then it would be advisable to buy a machine for cold forging a bendik in a store. Its cost is low, but it can be additionally useful for bending pipes.

Do-it-yourself snail machine for cold forging: options

The assembly algorithm for a home-made cold forging machine with your own hands is quite simple and understandable. Only when creating a snail, three options for a design idea are possible, and even then they are very approximate. Each master sees the execution of a curl or spiral, as well as the sequence of bending the workpiece in his own way.

Like any creative process, making a snail for cold forging with your own hands begins with the basics - designing the key components of the machine. In this case, this is a frame, a tabletop and a main shaft with a rotation lever.

The frame or table for the snail must be made of metal. The tree is completely unsuitable for this design: prolonged and strong loads will destroy it in several applications. As the material used, a corner, thick-walled pipes or a channel will be appropriate. For the countertop, you will also need metal - a sheet with a thickness of at least 4 mm: the thicker, the more reliable. The shaft and lever is the main unit that will force the metal workpiece to bend in a given pattern. The lever is connected on one side with a roller that bends the workpiece, and on the other - with the main shaft.

According to the type of execution, the snail machines come in three options:

monolithic with fixed bend pattern;
with removable bend designs that allow you to make a curl of different types;
with collapsible curl designs and a rotating table top to obtain complex bend profiles of great precision.

Do-it-yourself snail cold forging machine drawings

Many craftsmen who take up the manufacture of machine tools for the first time neglect the design stage, build templates “by eye”, and develop and upgrade units directly in the assembly process. A drawing of a snail for cold forging with your own hands should be done at the preparation stage. It will help to avoid some subtle nuances during assembly, and also significantly reduce the time of the manufacturing process.

It is not necessary to follow the drawings made by another master. Availability of materials of manufacture or assembly conditions may vary, and it is also likely that the vision finished construction it can also be different.

One of the design options : 1 - snail plowshare; 2 - the basis of the machine; 3 - pressure roller; 4 - lever for controlling the pressure roller; 5 - base fastening; 6 - a finger for fixing the plowshares; 7 - groove for the pressure roller; 8 - axis of the control lever; 9 - spring for pressing the roller; 10 - clamp for the workpiece; 11 - leading share of the snail; 12 - main axis; 13 - levers
Scheme of a snail machine for processing products by cold forging

The drawing is especially important for building curl patterns with your own hands. A video of cold forging equipment will help you correctly calculate and build a proportional spiral. This stage is necessary so that the curl made on a homemade machine has an aesthetic appearance.

Helpful advice! Snail templates are built according to the rules of mathematical spirals, taking into account the number of turns, their density, the width of the opening for equipment on the machine and the initial radius of the entrance to the curl.

Making a snail: how to make a machine with your own hands

A monolithic machine is the simplest snail design. The spiral pattern is applied directly to the worktop. Then, following the drawing, several pieces of thick metal are cut out. They are welded to the countertop, observing the markings applied earlier. Work on this type of snail progresses slowly, but the machine allows you to bend both blanks of symmetrical diameter and metal strips that are laid flat, without vertical deformations.

A monolithic machine may have an alternative design, when the base is made not fixed, but rotatable. For a given rotation and to facilitate physical labor, a worm gear is used.

How to improve your own machine for cold forging a snail

A homemade snail does not have to contain only simple elements. You can immediately assemble an improved model. For example, what to do if curls are needed different forms, and with a different pattern of spirals? It would be impractical to assemble a separate machine for each sample. Therefore, instead of a tightly welded single template on the table top, a number of removable options with different patterns are created. Adjustments are made to the design that allow you to change the template, stably fix it, while maintaining the overall reliability of the machine.

The machine is recognized as the most professional of the snail models, where the tabletop rotates, and the curl template is made from several collapsible segments. It should be noted that all sections are made with high precision. This is difficult to implement in a home workshop, so the production of a node is ordered in workshops or at a factory. The curvature of the template is changed with the help of adjusting screws, and a series of holes are made on the surface of the tabletop, which will fix the template segments in a given position. In a similar way, you can bend any kind of curl.

Making a do-it-yourself cold forging machine, the drawing of which will help you complete this task, is quite simple if you understand the principle of its operation and design features. It is important at the same time to calculate everything carefully and take measurements. It is possible that someone will be able to come up with their own new options or improve existing models.

Do-it-yourself home-made machines for cold forging metal with your own hands: video instruction

With the help of a machine with your own hands, you can make beautiful curly metal parts.

A homemade snail is not so difficult to assemble, so even someone who has little experience in such work can make it.

In the article we will analyze the pluses of cold forging, and also tell you how to make a tool for working with it yourself - drawings, a template, videos and photos will help you in your work, and as a result you will get a useful and easy-to-use tool for working with metal.

Pros and features of the process

cold forging- a popular type of work, due to the fact that with its help you can create unusual details of various shapes and sizes.

Using a cold forging machine, you can make a fence for a flower bed, a decorative lantern, an unusual fence, railings or handles for a bench, and other elements. How the details created through this process look like, you can see in the photo.

The advantage of cold forging is also that it is quite easy to make a machine with which you can create such parts with your own hands. This will help save on the purchase of expensive equipment.

The cold forging process consists of three main elements: bending, pressing and welding parts. The equipment needed for this process is quite simple and compact, you can make it yourself and it won't take up much space in your workshop or garage.

With cold forging, you can start learning metal processing, because. this process is easier and safer, since in this case you do not have to deal with high temperatures as in other types of welding.

For this process, a ready-made template is usually used - that is, blanks of parts.

Of course, cold forging has its own subtleties, they mainly lie in the fact that the part is easily damaged or deformed in the process: forged elements often break, and it is no longer possible to correct the defect, so forging must be done very carefully.

However, using a high-quality machine and a drawing of a future part, you can easily learn how to create twisted, wavy and other unusual shapes. You can see the options in the photo above.

The process of processing blanks by cold forging takes place in several stages. The first step is to create a template or drawing of the future design.

Different machines provide different opportunities for creating patterns - it depends on the complexity of the tool.

For example, the simplest do-it-yourself machines can only bend products, while more complex models can create patterns, etc.

After the template or drawing is ready, you need to buy the required amount of material in accordance with your calculation. For cold forging, you will need iron bars, you can buy them at the store.

Rods for cold forging should not be too thick, otherwise it will be difficult to bend them. The next stage is the manufacture of parts with your own hands.

The most important thing here is to set the settings correctly so that the parts are not damaged or deformed during the operation of the machine, because. it will be impossible to fix the problem.

Lastly, the parts made are fixed to the frame. This is done by welding.

You need to be especially careful when welding with your own hands with thin-walled tubes, because. they are easy to burn through, and then the structure will become faulty and you will have to do it all over again.

You can watch the entire forging process on the video before you start working on your parts.

But before you start cold forging, you, of course, need to make the machine that is needed for this. The Snail machine is the most common apparatus for processing metal products by do-it-yourself cold forging.

You can see all the stages of creating a machine on the video - there is nothing complicated in this, and almost everyone will be able to cope with this matter on their own.

Creating a machine

The manufacturing process of the machine has several stages, after completing which one after another, you will receive a finished tool with which you can create figured products for your summer house or home.

Before you start cold forging, you need to make a template and drawing. It is carried out on graph paper, which can reflect exact dimensions future product. On it you need to depict a spiral with increasing turns.

The turns should increase in accordance with the pitch if you want to make symmetrical products, but if this is not important, then the turns of the spiral may increase unevenly.

Before assembling the machine, you need to determine the diameter of the workpieces that you will process on it. The step must be chosen based on this value: it must be greater than the diameter of the rod that you will process.

If the step is not large enough, then you simply cannot pull the parts out of the machine without damaging it. Thus, all the work will be done in vain.

A home-made working surface of the snail can be made of sheet metal with a thickness of 4 mm or more. The size of the surface depends on what size parts you will process - you must first draw up a drawing so that all dimensions are clear.

To make the mold, use strip metal that is at least 3mm thick. Thus, it will be easy to work with a homemade snail. To facilitate the process, you need to fix one of the edges of the workpiece so that it does not slip out.

Sketch of the machine for the snail: Figure 1: 1 - the leading plowshare of the snail, 2 - the main axis, 3 - levers for applying force, 4 - clamp for the workpiece; figure 2: 1-snail share, 2-machine platform, 3- pressure roller, 4- lever for controlling the pressure roller, 5-platform fastening, 6-finger for fixing the snail shares, 7- groove along which the pressure roller runs, 8 - axis of the pressure roller control lever, 9 - spring for roller attraction; Figure 3 - the principle of operation of the device: 1 - the snail turns; figure 4 - examples of products made using a snail.

For the latch, you can use a cut piece of the rod, which is not inferior in size to the strip. During cold forging, you must also attach the part to the workbench.

Since the effect on the part is quite strong during cold forging, you need to think about fixing separately, because. you won’t be able to hold the workpiece with your own hands - it can slip off and ruin all the work.

The rest of the snail parts are quite easy to assemble - the main thing is to use the drawing and watch the video before proceeding with the process yourself.

The machine you made can be either monolithic or collapsible - decide in advance which design will be more convenient for you and make a drawing to carry out all the work in accordance with it.

If you want the homemade snail to be monolithic, then weld the machine to the work site so that the elements are motionless.

The most important thing with this type of construction is to correctly and securely fix the end of the part that you will be processing.

If the cold forging machine is planned to be collapsible, then mounting holes must be made on the working site, with which it will be possible to connect the “body” of the machine to the platform.

The removable design is good in that it is more convenient to transfer it if necessary, or remove the machine to replace or repair damaged parts - this will not be possible with a monolithic type of construction.

However, with a removable machine, the quality of fixing parts will be worse - you will have to constantly correct threaded connections, because during operation, they will inevitably become weaker.

There are other options for cold forging machines, but the Snail machine is the most functional, and besides, it is not difficult to make it yourself. How to make it, as well as other product options, see the video.

If you decide to use the snail as a hobby tool, you should consider that although the device itself will not cost you much (it does not require any specific parts and tools), cold forging still involves some costs.

First, you will have to spend money on the materials themselves that you will process. And the larger the product is planned, the more money you have to spend.

To estimate costs, always make a preliminary drawing of the product, which reflects its actual dimensions. For example, to make a small flower stand, you will need to spend at least 2,000 rubles on twigs.

How much material more complex products will require - you can calculate for yourself.

The cost will also depend on the complexity of the pattern that you will create using the snail - the more complex it is, the more expensive the product will cost you.

You will not have to spend a lot of money on tools for the machine itself, however, if you have not previously been involved in the manufacture of such tools, then it is better to buy ready-made equipment for it - in this case, the machine will last you longer, and it will be easier to work on it.

On final processing after forging, some funds may also be needed - at a minimum, you will have to buy a primer and paint to give the part a finished attractive look.

Despite these expenses forged forging The snail is still an affordable and popular metalworking tool, both as a hobby and as a professional, but in this case, over time, you may need a more powerful tool.

Any master, equipping a home forge, acquires a minimum set of tools and accessories. But, as a rule, the simplest technological operations with metal blanks are made only at the first stage.

With gaining experience with iron, there is both a desire and a need to do artistic forging - this is both a home decoration and additional income. Unfortunately, the machine for giving samples a spiral shape - a snail - is practically not found on sale. One way or another, but home craftsmen, as a rule, make it with their own hands. Features of self-design and assembly of a snail for cold forging are the topic of this article.

Snail Features

The author specifically decided to draw the reader's attention to a number of points. This will help you avoid some mistakes in the future. For example, having dealt with the device of the snail and the principle of its functioning, someone will want to assemble their own device, different from those whose drawings will be presented below.

Such a device will completely (if we are talking about do-it-yourself equipment) allow bending samples with a cross section (square side) of no more than 10 - 12 mm. A snail model with "manual control" is implied. With more overall samples in everyday life, almost no one has anything to do. The machine can be improved by installing a drive and an electric motor.

But how rational is this for a small home forge?

Cold forging is carried out at low speeds. A sharp change in the geometry of the metal leads to the appearance of cracks (ruptures).
You will have to not only select the power of the electric motor, but also the gear ratio of the gearbox. Plus, to mount the automation circuit with the installation of the appropriate elements (buttons, starter, and so on). All this greatly complicates the manufacture of the machine.

Conclusion - for a home forge, a snail is enough, with which you can bend metal products manually. Anyone who understands all the nuances of its design and understands at least something in electrical engineering will be able to independently install an electric drive on it.

Making a snail

Several devices are shown in the figure. Approximately so (basically) it should turn out.

Assembling a snail with your own hands is one of the options for self-design, when to give recommendations indicating the exact parameters of all constituent parts doesn't make sense. Here you need to focus on your own idea of \u200b\u200bwhat and how it will bend (radii, the number of turns of the spiral, and so on). But if the essence of the manufacturing process becomes clear, then the assembly itself will not cause difficulties.

desktop device

The cold forging process requires a lot of effort. If you already have a finished workbench, then you may have to strengthen it. When making a snail from scratch, the table frame is made only of metal - a channel, a corner, a thick-walled pipe.

It is clear that the countertop must also be metal. During the operation of the cochlea, it will be subjected to both static and dynamic loads. Therefore, an ordinary iron sheet is not suitable. Only a plate, and not less than 4 mm.

Marking and installation of "mounted" equipment

Perhaps the most creative stage of work. You can do everything with your own hands. But how, taking into account the prospect or limiting the production of the same type of samples?

Option 1. The easiest. The meaning of the operation is that a spiral outline is drawn on the tabletop.

In fact, this is a sketch of future figured parts, for example, from a bar. After that, it is enough to cut out several segments from thick strip iron, bent along the radius. They are welded to the tabletop, and the bending mechanism is basically ready.

Someone will find this performance more attractive - with a solid strip.

But practice shows that it is more difficult to work with such a snail. For example, when removing a finished product from it, certain difficulties will arise.

Option 2. The same, but several contours are drawn. Holes are drilled along each, in which threads are cut. It remains only to prepare templates for the stop segments. With their own hands they are made, as a rule, from thick cardboard or plywood.

Overlays are made from metal on them, in which, after the next marking, holes are also drilled, coinciding with the landing “nests” in the plate. This design will allow to organize the production of spiral blanks with different radii on one table. It will only be necessary, depending on the shape of the bend, to install the corresponding segments in certain places. Their fastening to the base is bolted. You can do it differently. Instead of such stops, put cylindrical ones.

For fixing, they are attracted by bolts (from the bottom of the plate) or are made immediately with legs (+ thread) and screwed into the tabletop. Much more comfortable with them. And if you have your own, then carving it with your own hands is a matter of a couple of hours.

Option 3. Prepare several removable modules, which can be changed as needed.

Snail assembly

A ploughshare is installed, levers are attached, a side stop. All this is clearly seen in the figures.

Everything that is in the barn (garage, in the attic) will go into action - trimming pipes, rods, corners, and the like. If the principle of the snail's operation is clear, then no more hints are required.

Health check

This is always implied, so no comments.

In principle, making a snail for cold forging is not so difficult. Moreover, some common standard does not exist for such devices. Someone will say - isn't it easier to buy a factory model? First, as already mentioned, you have to look for a long time. Secondly, it is not a fact that its capabilities will coincide with the fantasies of the master. Thirdly, you will have to lighten the wallet by about 19,000 (manual) and 62,000 ( electric model) rubles, at least.

Good luck in making a snail with your own hands!

Forging machines are a good tool for artistic and creative people who have a desire to create something beautiful and individual in their home to highlight the interior, or can make a good DIY gift for important people. There are two methods for forging metal. To forge something by hot forging, you need to make a lot of preparations and actions, so at home it’s easiest hand forging is given using the cold forging method. The training period for such a process does not take much time, in addition, there is a real opportunity to design a machine with your own hands.

The beginning of cold forging with homemade machines.

Do-it-yourself cold forging requires two mandatory actions - press and bending. To perform all these actions, it is not necessary to give a certain temperature to the metal, but it is still necessary to carry out heat treatment.

To design something with your own hands, it is no longer necessary to have special machines for artistic forging, now you can create metal forging machines at home. But without experience with such tools, you still can’t cope. For all the work to be successful, you need to use metals of a certain thickness.

A homemade cold forging machine can easily be used to create structures that are much stronger than those that were made by stamping. Forged Products with your own hands to turn out to be of high quality, when everything is done correctly and without errors, because it is very difficult to fix them. After a few works, thanks to the experience gained, you can begin to make excellent designs using homemade machines and cold forging fixtures.

When manufacturing a large number of identical metal structures It is best to use the drawings prepared in advance. Do-it-yourself drawings for cold forging machines are prepared in advance. In some cases, it will be better to warm up the part in order to get rid of defects in the future. Those who not so long ago began to use home-made cold forging machines should first consider a work plan, as well as acquire the necessary skills. The help of various video lessons on the Internet, as well as special courses, will not be superfluous here.

Machine components and necessary tools.

A do-it-yourself forging machine consists of certain devices. Among which must be:

gnutik;
snail;
wave;
globe;
twister;
flashlight;

These devices are the best to use. A do-it-yourself snail for cold forging is needed for weaving steel bars. You can see the photo to better see the design and an example of the details. Forging equipment for cold forging of metal plays an important role in the work. The main tool during the work will be the gnutik. This is a very simple element.

To process pipes with hexagonal and round section use wave. Metal rods are bent with a “flashlight”, and the twister is somewhat similar to it, a very convenient device. The globe makes a large arc of profile rods.

Cold forging machines are most profitable to do yourself, because not everything can be processed hand tools, and the price for the artistic forging machine is very high. When the master, using his skills and equipment, creates a design, it will be unique and special, even if in some ways it will not be as high quality as the factory one. When manufacturing a large number of parts, it will be correct to create an encoder on an electric motor. This makes the work process easier.
A do-it-yourself cold forging machine must be adapted for such types of work as bending, twisting and drawing.

In the process of drawing, the structure takes on a certain shape. Therefore, it must pass through the press, after which the cross section of the primary material will become smaller. Flexible means creating a bent at the desired angle. This will require templates. A photo of drawings of forged products with your own hands is prepared in advance from which a template will be made. A curl is attached to the steel plate, and the sheet itself is fixed in the machine holder. A slot is placed at the end of the workpiece, while the other end is fixed in place. Using a lever, there is an influence on the end of the structure, which must be carried out along each bend of the plate, which is used as a template.

Video of a homemade machine for bending balusters.

Many experienced manufacturers personally assemble simple mechanisms that allow you to create unique designs. This is influenced by work experience. Drawings for do-it-yourself cold forging machines can be found in sufficient quantities on the Internet, as well as photos of cold forging products that can be obtained as a result. A photograph of such equipment allows the master to complete a drawing from scratch, if he has experience.

You can consider the machine "Snail". Using it, you can create various spirals or waves. To create such a machine, you need to have drawings for a do-it-yourself cold forging machine of this type, as well as do everything in accordance with the technology. The work surface must be made of sheet metal. 4 mm thickness will be enough. Dimensions are set based on the size of the part. For shaping, sheet metal 3 mm thick and in the form of strips is required. It is bent according to the pattern with pliers and a spiral is obtained.

To create a normal work process, you need to fix one of the ends of the part well. A rod equal to the width of the strips will help with this. To fix the work platform, you will need to use a workbench. The main goal of everything is to give the part maximum immobility, because during cold forging you need to make a lot of effort.

Before starting to manufacture any cold forging machine, tools for self made we need templates, sketches and various drawings, including a drawing for do-it-yourself cold forging equipment.

To give better accuracy to the markup, you can use graph paper. You need to draw a spiral on it, where the turns in the radius will increase. An equal distance must be properly maintained between them. Such a condition will be mandatory only to create symmetrical patterns.

Machine design.

To create any machine, you can use several options to choose from - collapsible, monolithic or solid. It is recommended to weld small bars along the entire length of the future machine. On the working site, it is worth drilling special holes for this. It is required to well fix the ends of the parts that will bend.
This forging method is very popular with blacksmith beginners.

Using a machine for cold forging metal made by hand, an inexperienced craftsman will be able to make forged balcony canopies, handrails for stairs, various window grilles, fences, numerous home furniture, fences, various forged accessories and decor items that complement the interior of the premises, on like grills for fireplaces. This a good option for beginners.

Collection of drawings of machines for cold forging.

Drawing for a snail with a plowshare.

The drawing shows a device for a bending snail with a plowshare and the rules for working with it.

Detailed drawing of a snail machine.

Drawing device for bending "Clamp".

Drawing fixture Gnutik.

Video of cold forging equipment for small businesses.

One way to decorate areas is to use forged products. Fences, benches, gazebos, stair railings and other similar structures look very decorative. Moreover, in most cases, these products are not forging in its traditional sense. Most often this is done not in a forge and not with a hammer and anvil, but with the help of some devices that allow you to create a wide variety of patterns and products from metal strips and square bars. For the manufacture of such products, cold forging machines will be required. Some of them can be made with your own hands, others are easier to buy.

Fences, railings for stairs and balconies - you can also do it yourself Porch railings - an ornament, not an exclusively utilitarian device

What kind of devices are used

Cold forging is characterized by various curls, bends, twisted rods, etc. Almost every type is made on a separate device - a specific machine. The drive they can be manual, or maybe electric. For small volumes “for themselves”, manual cold forging machines are used. Although they are not very productive, they are much easier to manufacture. If it is necessary to put production on stream, similar devices are made, but with electric motors. In this case, it is almost not necessary to work physically, but the complexity of manufacturing the device increases significantly. In our material we will talk about manual machines for cold forging.

What devices are used:

Torsion. With their help, tetrahedral bars or strips of metal are twisted in the longitudinal direction. It turns out twisted columns, which are also called torsion bars.
Flashlight. On this device, the bar is also twisted in the longitudinal direction, only it is additionally bent in the transverse direction. It turns out something similar to a flashlight. Hence the name of the device.
This is how a flashlight is made
Twisters or snails. Form flat curls different diameter.
Device for cold forging snail - for forming curls
Bending machines or benders. Allows you to bend rods or rebar at the required angle in any place.
For bending anywhere and at any angle - bending machines (bending machines)
Wave. In fact, this is also a bend, but of a more complex design - it allows you to change the direction of the bend, getting wavy details.
Machine "Wave" - for the formation of the appropriate relief
Devices for processing the ends of parts - inertial stamping machines or other home-made devices.
Machines for finishing the ends of bars. In this case, goose foot

For a novice craftsman, the most relevant cold forging machine is a snail. Only with its help you can make a lot of interesting things - from a fence and a gate to a bench and other similar products. In second place, according to the degree of need, is a torsion machine. It adds variety to the details. All the rest can be acquired or made as you improve and gain skill.

Homemade "Snails"

In fact, this is a modernized one), but these improvements make it easy to make curls from fairly thick bars (with a cross section of up to 10-12 mm) and repeat them with a high degree of accuracy.

These cold forging machines have several designs, but the easiest option to implement is with round table having a central leg. A lever with rollers on bearings at the end is movably fixed to the leg. They make the bending process easier.

The surface of the table can be made of steel sheet with a thickness of 10 mm or more. For the leg, you can use any thick-walled round pipe. It is important to make the structure stable, as lateral forces will be applied, therefore side racks, struts, as well as a stable base are needed.

Drawing machine for cold forging "Snail"

The lever is easier to make from a square pipe with a thick wall - at least 2-3 mm. Pipe section 25*40mm or so. The lever can be attached to the leg on a bearing, or you can simply take a small piece of a thick-walled pipe of a larger diameter, put it on the leg, and weld a stop strip from below so that the lever does not fall down. The bearing option gives easier movement, but with lubrication, the second option is also working.

The shape of the lever is also important. The lever is double, the upper part is working, the lower one is supporting. Wherever there are connections, it is desirable to add reinforcement, since the efforts are significant.

A mandrel or jig is fixed on the table - a form along which the curls are bent. They are made in different diameters - so that you can make curls of different diameters. Such mandrels can be prefabricated - to form more bends. Each such sample must have rods that are installed in holes in the table. So this template is fixed. Also, its shape must be designed in such a way that the end of the bar is well fixed in it.

Often, mandrels are machined from a metal circle of a suitable diameter using a grinder, but there are metal options with steel plates welded onto it, curved accordingly.

How to make a similar machine for cold forging - in the next video. There is also a good description of how to bring the ends of the workpiece to a decent state - the usual raw edges look very rough. There is special equipment for processing them, but, as it turned out, you can cope without it.

Torsion machine

As already mentioned, these cold forging machines allow you to make longitudinal bends on the bar. This is a relatively simple design. The main task is to fix one end of the bar motionless, to attach a lever to the second, with which it will be possible to twist the workpiece.

As a basis, a cut of a profiled pipe with a thick wall (at least 3 mm) is suitable. The latch can be welded from the same rods, leaving a square gap of the desired diameter. You can use a cable clamp of a suitable size (can be found at a rigging store). Any of these stops is welded to the base.

Rope holder - great rod holder

Next, you need to somehow ensure the capture and torsion of the second part of the workpiece. This can be done using two bearing assemblies. A pipe of a suitable diameter is inserted inside, on one side a handle is welded to it - the design resembles the letter "T". On the other hand, a retainer is made in the pipe: four holes are drilled, nuts are welded into them for 12 or 14 bolts. The result is a good latch - the bolts are tightened after the bar has been inserted.

An even simpler machine for making torsion bars by cold forging is in the next video.