Instructions for the technology of waterproofing and strengthening walls, foundations, bases with polymeric water-repellent compositions. Injection waterproofing Injection waterproofing of walls

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In this article:

The need for waterproofing

Modern construction standards oblige developers to carry out work related to external waterproofing of parts of buildings and structures located underground. Thus, for example, before closing the pit, waterproofing must be applied from the outside of the basements of buildings, underground passages. This insulation method creates the effect of "pressing" the protective layer against the outer part of the structure, which additionally prevents the penetration of water. Installing insulation inside buildings leads to the opposite, “squeezing out” effect, which over time affects the insulating properties.

Today, the highest quality and most reliable protection against water ingress can be achieved by applying the method injection waterproofing. This method appeared quite recently, but, nevertheless, most experts confidently consider it best method isolation of underground structures of buildings and structures from the effects of water.

Advantages of injection waterproofing

Compared to other methods injection waterproofing has a number of advantages:

Substantial savings in repairs and construction works:
- a) insulation can be repaired in local areas.
- b) the amount of work is minimal both in terms of time and means.
- c) there is no need to stop the operation of the object.
- d) there is no need for ground work in case of underground waterproofing.
The method is applicable at any time of the year.
Waterproofing is monolithic - it has no seams and joints.

Injection waterproofing - all-weather,
performed from inside

Features of injection technology

This method involves drilling through holes in the surfaces of structures. Through these holes with the help of elongated packers under high pressure on outer part structures, an injection solution is pumped. The compositions of insulating solutions are different, their choice is due to the water-absorbing properties of the surrounding soils. To fill voids of large volume, fine-grained compositions based on cement binders, acrylic gel, low-viscosity polyurethane resin are used. Each composition requires compliance with special rules when working with it, compliance temperature regime, the use of special pumps for injection, etc. Solutions for injection have different ability to respond: slow, fast, instant.

The most effective and practical in terms of quality and price, according to many experts, are the polyurethane compounds PeneSplitSeal and PenePurFoam. They are resistant to physical activity, are plastic. In the process of interaction with water, they polymerize. They are hydroactive. Polyurethane compounds are used in the waterproofing of wet and dry cracks, as well as for the permanent sealing of moving openings.

In addition, the injection method makes it possible to completely protect the outer part of the building wall during work from the inside. Sometimes this method of waterproofing is called "veil". Veil waterproofing is carried out using polyurethane material using a one-component pump. After the preparatory work and marking the drilling of holes, through holes are directly created at an angle of 90 degrees.

Applications

Injection waterproofing is applicable:

for concrete
by brick

Examples of objects on which the most appropriate use of injection waterproofing are:

Tunnels, stations, subway structures;
Building foundations;
Ground floors;
Underground garages;
Cellars;
Bridge supports;
Underground concrete tanks

Today, the term "injection waterproofing" can be understood as a very wide area of waterproofing work.

And often there is a substitution of concepts or ordinary confusion.

The purpose of this article is not the ultimate truth, but our idea of this fairly popular, at present, concept, which we want to convey to you, based on case study: the availability of materials for injection waterproofing in the line of materials for the PENETRON waterproofing system.

To begin with, let's understand the terms a little, so that we ourselves do not allow the substitution of concepts or confusion.

Waterproofing - a sequence of measures using special building materials, the purpose of which is to prevent contact with a specific building structure or to prevent the penetration of water into the building structure.

Types of waterproofing

All of the above types of waterproofing combine the following disadvantages:

they all form a waterproof coating on the concrete surface
with the exception of plaster waterproofing, they all require a protective coating against mechanical damage
in the event of mechanical damage or destruction of the integrity of the waterproofing coating created with their help, the concrete structure becomes defenseless against water
to prevent contact or penetration of water into the concrete structure, all of the above types of waterproofing can only be used at the construction stage, since they are applied only on the outside of the protected structure, forming a waterproofing coating on the concrete structure from the ground (for underground structures) or water (for structures which come into contact with water during operation)
when water penetrates into the premises, to restore the waterproofing of the above types, a complete excavation of the structure, the creation of a new waterproofing coating and backfilling of the pit are required.

Penetrating and injection waterproofing: buy and waterproof concrete

The following types of waterproofing are fundamentally different from those listed above, as they change the internal structure of the concrete structure in different ways, turning the concrete itself into a waterproof environment.

These types of waterproofing can be divided into the following categories:

1. Penetrating (penetrating) waterproofing:

The principle of operation of this waterproofing is due to the special chemical composition of the penetrating waterproofing material and the method of "delivering" these special chemical components into the concrete mass, followed by a change in the structural composition, giving the structure the property of water resistance.

The second name of this type of waterproofing is penetrating, it is no coincidence.

So this type of waterproofing began to be called by the name of the company, which 50 years ago was the first to produce waterproofing materials of penetrating action - PENETRON.

And when these materials began to gain more and more popularity every year, these materials, and then the type of waterproofing, began to be called "penetrating".

2. Injection or injection waterproofing, the price of which, by the way, is quite low:

To perform waterproofing work using the technology of injection waterproofing, special equipment is required, since, unlike penetrating waterproofing (when the waterproofing material of the penetrating action "PENETRON" penetrates into the concrete as a result of physical processes, and water resistance is imparted to concrete to the full thickness of the concrete as a result of chemical processes)
injection materials are injected into the concrete under pressure by special pumps.

In addition, injection materials, in contrast to the penetrating material, are not chemically similar to concrete, usually they are polymeric compositions, which, due to their initial viscous flow state, are called injection resins.

Because injection resins are much more viscous than water, they cannot fill the capillaries of concrete, so concrete injection is usually a waterproofing job for cracks created during service.
Injection resin, for example, when penetrating into cracks in the floor or walls, turns into a solid state, reliably waterproofing static cracks, that is, not subject to deformation.

But, often, cracks in concrete are formed in those places where periodic deformations of concrete occur.

For cracks in such places, a change in the width of their opening with time is characteristic.

They are called dynamic, and for their waterproofing an injection resin is used, which, after hitting the floor or walls, forms an elastic filling of the crack cavity, which makes it possible to provide waterproofing when the width of the crack opening changes.

If water flows from a crack, the cavity of which must be filled with injection material, then before applying the injection waterproofing, it is necessary to stop this leak.

To do this, injection into concrete is carried out in such a way as to get into the crack as close as possible to the outer side of the concrete structure.

In this case, an injection resin is used which is hydroactive, ie. which, upon contact with water, begins to increase very quickly in volume, filling the crack, thereby preventing the flow of water. After the water stops flowing, the cavity is filled with an injection resin, which creates a durable waterproofing of the cavity.

Injection resins, included in the line of materials for the PENETRON waterproofing system, are effective materials for creating waterproofing of cracks that have arisen during the operation of concrete structures by injection (injection) into concrete. You can buy injection waterproofing at Penetron-Moscow.

Materials for creating injection waterproofing
Material name	Description	Peculiarities		Cost, rub. (in view of VAT)
PENESPLITSIL	Two-component polyurethane resin for injection into dry and wet cracks, including mobile ones. Polymerization time - 40 min. Purpose: sealing of static and mobile cracks, cutoff of capillary rise of moisture.	Low viscosity, which allows sealing cracks with an opening width of 0.15 mm; High adhesion to concrete, metal and plastic; The reaction products of the resin are resistant to acids, alkalis and microorganisms.	Metal cans 19.2 kg + 22.8 kg	46 872,00

PENEPURFOM	A two-component, hydroactive polyurethane resin that foams on contact with water to form a waterproof foam. Purpose: stop pressure leaks through cracks. There are three types of material that differ in polymerization time: 1. PenePurFom N - 5 min. 2. PenePurFom HP - 3 min.	Low viscosity, due to which the material penetrates into cracks with an opening width of 0.15 mm; The possibility of sealing cracks and seams through which water is abundantly filtered; Possibility to choose the required type of material, depending on the intensity of water filtration.	Metal canisters 20 kg + 24 kg	36 212,00

	3. PenePurFom R - 1.5 min.			36 617,00
PENEPURFOM 65	One-component, hydroactive, injectable material based on polyurethane resins. Upon contact with water, it foams to form a waterproof rigid foam. Purpose: stop pressure leaks through static cracks in concrete, brick and stone structures.	The ability to control the polymerization time using a catalyst; The possibility of sealing cracks and seams through which water is abundantly filtered; Ability to effectively fill voids and compact the soil behind the structure, due to low viscosity and a large increase in resin volume (65 times).	metal canister	19 680,00

Material name	Description	Peculiarities		Cost, rub. (in view of VAT)
PENEPURFOM 1K	One-component, hydroactive, injectable material based on polyurethane resins. Upon contact with water, it foams to form a waterproof elastic foam. Purpose: stop pressure leaks through static and moving cracks; filling the cavity of expansion joints.	The ability to control the polymerization time using a catalyst; The possibility of sealing cracks and seams through which water is abundantly filtered; The ability to carry out effective sealing of moving cracks due to the elasticity of the material.	metal canister	17 820,00

Catalysts for one-component resins
	Catalyst PenePurFom 65 Catalyst - accelerator, significantly reducing the polymerization time of the polyurethane resin "PenePurFom 65"		Metal can 1 kg	2 070,00
	Catalyst PenePurFom 1K The catalyst is an accelerator that significantly reduces the polymerization time of the PenePurFom 1K polyurethane resin.		Metal can 1 kg	2 340,00
Equipment
	Manual piston pump EK-100M Designed for injection of polyurethane resins.			32 000,00
	Piston pump with electric drive EK-200 Designed for injection of polyurethane one- or two-component resins.			90 000,00
	Injector (packer) for piston pumps EK-100 and EK-200.

Often, we all encounter cases when a water leak is observed from some place in a building structure. And the usual ways to eliminate this problem is not possible. However, in modern world There are new technologies that solve such problems quickly, very high quality and at an affordable price. One such technology is injection waterproofing. It has features of use for different buildings and conditions.

Injection waterproofing is an excellent method of protecting a building from moisture. It even copes with pressure leaks in the building. The principle of operation is based on the pumping of waterproofing materials under strong pressure using a special pumping equipment.

For long-term operation of the building, good waterproofing of the foundation is necessary. Therefore, during construction, 20-30% of the estimate of the cost of the building goes to the foundation. And that is why it is very important that the foundation be erected in compliance with all norms and rules. And one of these standards is a high-quality foundation waterproofing device.

Application

For every building, the foundation is the main foundation. And the life of the building depends on the quality of the foundation. Therefore, at the beginning of construction, it is necessary to deal with the waterproofing of the base. It will make the foundation resistant to corrosion and protect against rain and ground water.

For reliable waterproofing concrete base needs to be followed. Such supervision is not easy to organize, since it is not very visible behind the backfill and building materials. In this case, effective waterproofing is provided by waterproofing materials with a penetrating effect.

One of the troubles during construction is the capillary rise of groundwater. It occurs between the foundation and the wall, while the free space is quickly filled with water. Such water is often saturated with salts and acids, and when capillary rises, it moistens the structure to a height of 10 m. It will protect against such a disaster. good waterproofing the foundations of the building.

Horizontal waterproofing for cold rooms can be carried out by injection. Recovery brick walls happens much faster.

What is the point?

The essence of injection waterproofing is to create a membrane between a layer of moisture-saturated soil and a building envelope (wall or foundation). That is, a hydrophobic gel is injected, which solidifies, clogging the pores in the wall and in the ground.

In addition, such a membrane, depending on the type of injection substance, has a different level of rigidity. The gel plays the role of not only waterproofing, but also a reinforcing frame. And the technique itself functions no worse than well-equipped external hydroprotection.

This technology is used for scheduled repairs of tunnels, underground parking lots and other facilities.

Advantages

Injection waterproofing has special advantages over its counterparts.

Saves time. The injection can be carried out both after completion and during construction.
Protects finances. High-quality waterproofing lasts a very long time and does not require frequent repairs.
Solves most leak problems.
The injected material is able to penetrate even the smallest pores and cavities.
Has high quality waterproofing membrane.
A high-quality seamless waterproofing coating is created.
Such waterproofing is safe for drinking water.
The hardening time with a certain composition reaches a couple of seconds.

However, due to the difficult work of injectable waterproofing, which thickens very quickly, specialists are needed for it. Therefore, this method is not found in the list of services for every construction company.

Flaws

This method has the following disadvantages:

Expensive materials and equipment.
Specialists are needed for quality work.

However, these disadvantages are quickly compensated by the excellent quality and speed of work.

materials

The following compositions are usually used as the basis for injections:

Polyurethane polymer gels. Quite cheap and highly efficient. The polymer gel, when interacting with water, increases its volume by almost 20 times. This material provides high-quality clogging of cracks, leaving no space for moisture.
acrylic acid gels are called acrylate. Acrylate gels have almost the same density as water. This gel cures quickly in soil, concrete or brick, creating a very strong bond. Also, depending on the temperature and the ratio of substances in the gel, you can adjust the hardening time. Mixing with the soil, the gel becomes stronger, which provides its protection from washing out and fixes it in cracks and crevices.
Epoxy options. Such a composition hardens upon contact with air, and moisture only interferes with its solidification. It is used in dry construction.
Cement-sand(microcement). This composition is able to completely fill all the internal spaces, thanks to this it improves the internal structure and creates hydroprotection.

The most commonly used injections are based on polymer and acrylate gels. They harden on contact with water and have good penetrating power.

Auxiliary features

With the introduction of additional components into the gel, the following properties are achieved:

fungus removal;
mold control;
improving the chemical protection of the building;
reducing the risk of reinforcement corrosion.

Process

The injection waterproofing technology takes place in the following steps:

First, we study the surface where and in what places we want to inject.
Then along the wall with a step of 0.25–0.5 m we drill small (diameter 20 mm) through holes.
Further, holes of the same diameter are drilled along the crack.
At the next step, metal or polymer tubes (fittings) are inserted into the holes, to the other end of which valves are fixed.
A tank with an injection solution is connected to the ends of the valves. By increasing the pressure in the tank, the solution is transported through the tube outside the wall.
When the mortar hardens, the tubes are removed from the wall and the outer surface is treated with moisture-resistant plaster.

If mistakes were made during the construction of the building, this can cause a violation of the waterproofing, which leads to the destruction of the foundation and the structure itself. To date, new technologies are known that can be used to quickly and efficiently solve these problems. However, you should be prepared for the fact that not all of them are available for home use, because, for example, the injection method requires the use of pumping equipment.

Enough effective method protection against moisture is injection waterproofing. It allows you to treat leaks, which can be pressure. The principle of the method is to pump waterproofing materials under high pressure using pumping equipment that is designed for this.

The need for injection waterproofing

The foundation acts as the foundation of any building. The life of the house depends on its quality. For this reason, on initial stage construction, it is important to take the waterproofing of the base as seriously as possible. These manipulations allow you to protect the house from groundwater and rainwater, making it as resistant to corrosion as possible.

One of options protection of the foundation during the operation phase, as mentioned above, is injection waterproofing. If a capillary rise of groundwater occurs between the wall and the foundation, then the space will begin to fill with moisture. Capillary moisture is capable of saturating a structure up to 10 m in height, which is also harmful because water can be saturated with acids and aggressive salts.

During the operation of the building, it is important to monitor its condition, ensuring reliable waterproofing of concrete underground structures. Such control can be difficult to carry out due to the inaccessibility of waterproofing, because it is hidden by massive elements, backfill, etc. In this case, the use of waterproofing materials that have a penetrating effect is effective.

Description of injection waterproofing

Injection waterproofing allows the building not to lose strength due to the fact that the structures are kept dry, the reinforcement is passivated, and corrosion processes are initiated at a low pH level. There are several ways to stop the corrosion of reinforcement, among them cleaning and coating with special compounds should be distinguished. The problem can be solved by changing the operating conditions.

It is physically impossible to clean the reinforcement, because it is enclosed in concrete. There remains only one option to increase the pH level by long time, because corrosion will be resumed with moisture infiltration. Injection waterproofing perfectly protects the structure from the effects of water. The principle of operation of substances is very simple: they penetrate the upper porous layer and fill the pores, displacing the liquid.

Additional features

If any component is additionally introduced into the solution, then properties can be achieved, including:

fight against fungus and mold;
increasing the chemical resistance of the structure;
restoration of technical properties of old materials;
eliminating the risk of new corrosion on the reinforcement.

Reviews about injection waterproofing

According to consumers, the main advantage of injection waterproofing is its durability. The materials have excellent technical qualities, they are able to protect structures from moisture, corrosion and temperature extremes, keeping heat in the building. Work is often carried out using liquid rubber or liquid glass. According to buyers, each of these materials has its own advantages, for example, liquid rubber is flexible and highly elastic. It is easy to apply, environmentally friendly and has high adhesion.

Liquid rubber, according to home craftsmen and specialists, is quite easy to repair. Special skills are not required to use this material.

Features of liquid glass

Liquid glass is also quite common when injecting. It is able to protect structures from the effects of:

the sun;
corrosion;
wind;
temperature.

According to users, liquid glass has one important drawback, which is expressed in the fragility of the material. It is ready to serve only for 5 years.

Reviews of different materials for injection waterproofing

Injection waterproofing can be carried out using different materials, among them are:

epoxy products;
microcements;
polyurethane materials;
acrylate gels.

According to consumers, polyurethane materials and acrylate gels are the most effective. They have high ductility, and do not collapse under uneven loads. The compositions are hydroreactive, which indicates that they polymerize under the influence of water. As for acrylate gels, their density is almost the same as that of water. In soil and construction material, they quickly harden, forming a strong bond.

Consumers like that these solutions allow you to control the polymerization reaction time. This helps block access to water flows penetrating underground structures. It is possible to provide protection against pressure water in the walls of the structure and between the soil and the walls. The material is able to strengthen the layers of the soil, mixing with its particles, this allows you to get protection against leaching and stabilizes the soil of the building.

If you will carry out injection waterproofing of the basement, then you should pay attention to polyurethane polymers. According to consumers, they are among the most economical. This is due to the fact that when exposed to moisture, the volume of the material increases by 20 times. This property is especially important when waterproofing under conditions loose soils and swimmers.

The material begins to foam and displaces water upon contact with moisture. When applying the next portion of waterproofing in the absence of water, it hardens without foaming and becomes a strong dense substance that forms an impermeable shell.

Alternative Solutions

Quite often, buyers compare epoxy compounds with polyurethane mixtures and acrylic gels. The former polymerize in air, and if water is present, it can adversely affect performance. But after hardening, the material shows the best waterproofing qualities, protecting the structure from moisture and giving it mechanical strength.

Injection waterproofing of the foundation is quite often carried out using microcement, which, according to consumers, penetrates well into cracks and voids, crystallizes and forms a protective barrier that does not allow moisture to pass through. In liquid form, the injection composition is within 15-40 minutes. Solidification can be controlled by the catalyst contained in the mixture.

Feedback on insulation technology

Injection waterproofing of the basement from the inside from groundwater, according to home craftsmen, should be carried out using a special technology. At the first stage, it involves drilling holes. The distance between them should be 50 cm, and a perforator must be used in the process of these manipulations. The diameter of the holes should be equal to the limit from 1 to 2 cm.

It is important to make holes through if you want to form a waterproof layer on the outside. To repair defects, cracks and breaks, holes should be made non-through. If you plan to use a hydroreactive material, then the holes are pre-wetted with water. When injectable waterproofing of walls is carried out, consumers are advised to use the same technology. At the next stage, it involves pumping the composition into the drilled recesses. Next, you can take measures to neutralize salts and protect against mold and fungus. Surface on final stage covered with plaster.

Conclusion

Penetrating injection waterproofing has a fairly wide scope. With the help of such materials, it is possible to waterproof cold and expansion joints, to carry out anti-capillary cut-off in brick and concrete walls oh, and also stop pressure leaks. Materials are quite expensive, which limits the scope of their use. Quite often, this waterproofing technique is used only when it is necessary to protect large structures from moisture, and also when other methods are impossible or even more expensive.

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Materials for concrete waterproofing. For injection, penetration and separating methods

Injection

For introduction are used:

polymer gels;
epoxy mixtures;
acrylate gels;
special microcements.

Penetration

Application advantages:

Create a separation layer

Coating base	pros	Minuses
Cement	low cost; ease of operation
Cement-polymer	ecological cleanliness	very high cost
Cement-chemical	ecological cleanliness
Polymer	ease of use;
Polyacrylic	universality;
bituminous latex	ease of use; profitability;

Adding to solution

	Advantages	Flaws



	Ease of use

rusbetonplus.ru

Concrete waterproofing materials: penetrating, bituminous

Concrete, despite its high strength characteristics, needs to be protected from moisture. Of course, it does not have such a pronounced hydrophobicity as wood, but over time, water is still able to settle in the pores of its structure, giving rise to destructive processes. In this article, we will look at the most popular and effective ways to waterproof a cement surface in order to guarantee it a long service life.

Waterproofing methods

Different waterproofers differ in their composition and method of application. They can be both used for processing an already frozen surface, and for adding to a kneading solution. But let's move on to more specific options.

Injection

This is a highly innovative method that, as the name suggests, involves injecting a gel-like substance into the interior of a concrete structure, where it transforms into a waterproof, dense membrane.

It has several important advantages:

Very high efficiency. Prevents any liquid penetration for many years.
Wide range of applications. It makes it possible to cope even with gushing leaks, and not just with increased dampness.
Versatility. Application is possible not only to concrete, but also to such porous materials as brick, artificial foam concrete or real stone.

Strengthening the strength characteristics of the processed object.
Ease of DIY use. The process itself is easy to carry out during pouring, after it, and in the process of restoration work.

It also has some disadvantages:

High price. You have to pay for a quality result, but you will be sure of it.
The need for special equipment, including a high pressure pump.

Tip: it makes sense to purchase the necessary equipment if you plan to install waterproofing professionally. This will allow you to quickly recoup all the funds spent.

For introduction are used:

polymer gels;
epoxy mixtures;
acrylate gels;
special microcements.

Penetration

Penetrating waterproofing of concrete is widely used due to its ease of use and high quality of the end result. The appropriate solution is applied to the surface, after which it enters the pores and subsequent crystallization.

Application advantages:

Possibility of application from the inside of the house under finishing material.

The use of water as a catalyst.

There are two positives from this:

Can be applied to wet surfaces. It will only improve the result.
"Self-healing" - as a result of the appearance of a new portion of moisture, even after a long period of time, it will again provoke the chemical process of crystal formation.

Vapor permeability. Allows you to maintain a favorable microclimate inside the building.
Long service life, which is almost equal to the durability of the concrete itself.
Simple instructions for use.

The disadvantages of this option are very minor:

The combination is only possible with concrete. On the other hand, we also consider protection against moisture of this particular material.
During application, the air temperature must be at least +5 degrees Celsius. That is, either choose the summer period, or process the wall from the inside of the building.

The best representatives of this type of waterproofing today are the Millennium and Penetron brands of Spanish production.

Create a separation layer

Applying coating waterproofing to a concrete surface allows you to create a reliable water-repellent layer between the wall itself and the finishing material. Has the following features:

We can distinguish the following types of this type of protection against moisture, depending on the base used and their characteristic specifications:

Coating base	pros	Minuses
Cement	long service life, no shrinkage; low cost; ease of operation	need for plastering skills
Cement-polymer	resistance to any chemical attack; ecological cleanliness	the need for special preparatory work; very high cost
Cement-chemical	easily tolerates prolonged contact with water; deep penetration into the structure; possibility of application in case of urgent repair; ecological cleanliness	requires special handling skills
Polymer	ease of use; versatility, equally well combined with any surfaces; deep penetration into the pores; high resistance to frost, tolerates up to -50 degrees Celsius without consequences	requires pre-treatment of the surface with a special acrylic solution
Polyacrylic	simple instruction operation; universality; very high moisture insulation, exceeding 0.7 MPa	also needs careful pre-primer special acrylic blends
bituminous latex	ease of use; profitability; elevated level fire safety	the need for preparatory work, and in some cases even reinforcement

Tekmadray elast is a two-component hard-elastic material that is an excellent choice for coating waterproofing.

Adding to solution

There are many modifying additives that allow you to accelerate or slow down the rate of solidification, protect against freezing, and increase strength. There are also those that, getting into the concrete, crystallize in it, preventing the penetration of water.

The method of using such protection against moisture is both an advantage and a disadvantage. Plus, it is easy to use, since you only need to pour the purchased solution into the general solution. The downside is that this can only be done at the stage of concreting.

Conclusion

Concrete, despite its excellent strength, can still suffer from water over time. To avoid this, one of the ways to increase the moisture resistance of cement should be used, a brief summary of which is summarized in the following table:

Method and materials used	Advantages	Flaws
Injectable waterproofing with a gel-like mixture	High efficiency, versatility	The need for special equipment
Penetrating waterproofing with a solution that forms into crystals	Possibility of combination with wet surface, ease of application, use of water as a catalyst	The need to comply with the temperature regime not lower than +5 0С
Coating waterproofing of concrete, creating a waterproof layer	Frost resistance, economy	The need for pre-treatment of the concrete surface
Additives that increase the moisture resistance of the cement mortar	Ease of use	Possibility of use only at the initial stage of concreting

The video in this article will provide you with Additional information. Take care to protect your concrete structures from the harmful effects of excessive moisture.

masterabeton.ru

Injection waterproofing is an effective way to protect the foundation.

As a theater begins with a hanger, so a house begins with a foundation. It is this part of it, not visible to the eye, that ensures the normal transfer of the weight of the structure to the soil. And if something happens to the foundation, the whole building suffers.

That is why, given the importance of this constructive part, from 20 to 30% is allocated for the construction of the foundation. estimated cost Houses. And that is why it is very important that the foundation be erected in compliance with all the rules.

Unfortunately, often people who build their own house, and even construction companies, violate the technology of work, which leads to problems with the operation of buildings.

One of these violations is a poor-quality foundation waterproofing device.

Consequences of poor foundation waterproofing

Three types of moisture affect the foundation during its operation:

surface, due to precipitation, snowmelt and occasional runoff;
soil moisture (capillary) - is constantly present and it is impossible to get rid of it;
groundwater (underground), the level of which depends on the time of year, the terrain and the waterproof layer of the soil.

The task of waterproofing is to prevent the ingress of water into the structures and premises of the building.

Due to the penetration of moisture into the thickness of the foundation and through it, dampness forms in the basement, and sometimes they even flood. All this leads to a weakening of the foundation, the penetration of moisture into the walls (especially if the horizontal waterproofing is also poorly done, which protects the wall material from the penetration of moisture from the foundation).

This may result in:

Thus, the result is, at best, an unhealthy microclimate in the house, and at worst, the destruction of the building as a whole.

In order to avoid all these consequences, it is necessary to take care of the quality of all work at the stage of building a house.

But there are times when the house already exists and the owners have to take measures to save it. To do this, it is necessary to carry out voluminous and expensive earthworks and waterproof the foundation, which is not always possible, and sometimes undesirable.

How to deal with moisture in such a situation?

Foundation waterproofing methods

There are many ways to protect the foundation of moisture:

coating waterproofing;
painting;
penetrating;
pasting;
sprayed.

But all these methods are good when the entire surface of the foundation is available for work. But what to do when the house is already standing and there is no reason to dig out the foundation?

All these methods make it possible to isolate it only from the inside, when the outer part, which is in direct contact with the soil, is not available.

Insulation made from the basement side of the foundation may stop moisture from entering the basement, but the foundation itself will still be exposed to moisture and collapse throughout almost the entire volume.

Therefore, it is necessary to find a way to isolate its outer part, or better, the entire thickness of the structure.

And there is such a way - injection waterproofing.

Injection waterproofing - what is it

This method, which has long been used abroad, has appeared in Russia relatively recently. But it is already widely used to isolate and strengthen the foundations of existing buildings.

The essence of this technology is to pump waterproofing compounds into the material of the foundation, walls and other structures that require protection from water.

For such insulation, special materials are used, which can be classified into several groups, according to their properties:

All these substances are introduced into the foundations with the help of special equipment. Moreover, the technology reminds everyone of the well-known "shots", as a result of which the waterproofing mixture penetrates into the cracks and pores of the material, closing the paths for moisture penetration.

acrylate gels. Their density is almost equal to the density of ordinary water, so they easily penetrate into the smallest pores and quickly harden, forming a strong bond with the foundation material. In this case, it is possible to control the polymerization time.

These gels create protection not only in the walls of the foundation, but also between the foundation and the ground. The material, mixing with soil particles, strengthens it, protects it from washing out and stabilizes the state of the soil near the building.

Polyurethane polymers are considered the most economical, since when interacting with water they can increase their volume by 20 times. This property is widely used for waterproofing foundations located in loose soils and quicksand.

The material, having come into contact with water, foams and displaces it. The next portions of the polymer will harden already without the formation of foam, forming a dense and durable substance. The end result is a sheath that is absolutely impervious to moisture.

Both polyurethane and acrylate materials have high ductility, so they are often used in structures subject to changing loads.

Epoxy materials polymerize in the presence of air, the presence of water adversely affects their properties. But after the end of the hardening process, they become completely impervious to water, not only reliably protecting the structure from it, but also giving it additional strength.

This method is often used to perform horizontal waterproofing.

Microcements easily penetrate into the smallest cracks and voids, crystallize in them, creating a protective barrier that does not allow moisture to pass through.

Injection technology is used in cases where:

network the need to increase the bearing capacity of the foundation of rubble stone or brick;
it is necessary to eliminate the influx of water formed in the foundation;
it is necessary to arrange a cut-off waterproofing that runs between the foundation and the wall of the house;
for sealing cracks and seams between the foundation and the ground;
it is necessary to fix the soil adjacent to the structure;
no free access to the foundation;
previously used methods of waterproofing proved to be ineffective.

Injection waterproofing technology

It is very important to take into account that all the compositions used retain a liquid state for no more than 35 - 40 minutes. The time of their curing is regulated by the catalysts that are part of the mixture.

It is desirable to carry out work at a temperature not lower than +5 degrees.

The order of work is as follows:

It is necessary to clean the inner surface of the foundation from fungus, mold, old waterproofing.
The number of holes required for uniform injection of the mixture into the foundation is determined. It depends on the thickness of the foundation and the type of mixture. The required amount of the injection mixture is also determined depending on the amount of its consumption for square meter foundation.
Using a perforator or drill, holes with a diameter of 25–32 mm are drilled in the foundation (their size depends on the diameter of the injection capsules or packers). The holes are drilled at a 45 degree angle. The depth of the holes leaves approximately 2/3 of the thickness of the foundation wall. Then I wash these holes with a stream of water.
Packers are inserted into the resulting boreholes, which serve as nozzles for the pump. Through them, the mixture is pumped into the wall. For work, a pump is usually sufficient to create a pressure of about 0.5 MPa. More powerful pumps are used for units of industrial structures.
At the end of the process, the holes are sealed with a conventional cement-sand mortar.

Liquid waterproofing compounds can be pumped not only into the body of a concrete foundation, but also into masonry, as well as soil cracks.

Waterproofing materials, going outside, form an elastic waterproof membrane between the soil and the foundation, thus restoring the external waterproofing of the foundation without carrying out earthworks.

Advantages and disadvantages of injection waterproofing

The growing popularity of this method is due to its many advantages:

There is no need for earthworks.
High adhesion of injection materials even to wet surfaces, which does not require pre-drying of the structure and reduces the time of work.
High penetrating ability of the compositions due to their low density.
Monolithicity of the formed coating.
Elasticity and high chemical resistance of waterproofing.
Ability to perform work at sufficiently low temperatures.
Rapid curing of the compositions, which eliminates the flow of water into short time.
Injectable mixtures do not contain harmful impurities and are safe for health.

The disadvantages include the following:

The relative high cost of the method, which is offset by the speed of work and their high quality.
The need to use special equipment and attract specialists to perform waterproofing.

Each person decides for himself what he is willing to pay for. Someone, having waited for the summer and dug out the foundation, will prefer to save money and do all the work on their own. But in a situation where delay threatens with an accident, the injection method is also good for private traders.

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Injection waterproofing - materials and resins for concrete injection

Today, the term "injection waterproofing" can be understood as a very wide area of waterproofing work.

And often there is a substitution of concepts or ordinary confusion.

The purpose of this article is not the ultimate truth, but our idea of this rather popular, at present, concept, which we want to convey to you, based on a specific example: the availability of materials for injection waterproofing in the line of materials for the PENETRON waterproofing system.

To begin with, let's understand the terms a little, so that we ourselves do not allow the substitution of concepts or confusion.

Waterproofing is a sequence of measures using special building materials, the purpose of which is to prevent contact with a specific building structure or to prevent water from entering the building structure.

Types of waterproofing

Pasting waterproofing - waterproofing, which is carried out by gluing (sticking) a waterproof coating to the surface of a protected structure.

An example is waterproofing using roll materials on a bitumen basis, which adheres to the surface of a concrete structure with the help of molten bitumen or with the help of bituminous glue (bituminous mastics).

Coating waterproofing, which is carried out by applying (coating) various formulations, bitumen, bitumen-polymer, polymer composition on a concrete surface, which, after hardening, form a waterproof coating. Examples are: tar, bitumen and polymer-bitumen mastics.

Plaster (or armor) waterproofing - waterproofing, which is carried out by applying to a concrete surface various materials cement-based with various sealing additives that form a dense waterproof cement "skin".

Membrane waterproofing - fastening to the concrete surface of thin rolls or sheets of various polymer compositions, which form a waterproof film (membrane) on the concrete surface.

All of the above types of waterproofing combine the following disadvantages:

All of them form a waterproof coating on the concrete surface.

With the exception of plaster waterproofing, they all require a protective coating against mechanical damage.

In the event of mechanical damage or destruction of the integrity of the waterproofing coating created with their help, the concrete structure becomes defenseless against water

To prevent contact or penetration of water into the concrete structure, all of the above types of waterproofing can only be used at the construction stage, since they are applied only from the outside of the protected structure, forming a waterproofing coating on the concrete structure from the ground (for underground structures) or water (for structures which come into contact with water during operation)

When water penetrates into the premises, to restore the waterproofing of the above types, a complete excavation of the structure, the creation of a new waterproofing coating and backfilling of the pit are required.

Penetrating and injection waterproofing: buy and waterproof concrete

These types of waterproofing can be divided into the following categories:

Penetrating (penetrating) waterproofing:

The second name of this type of waterproofing is penetrating, it is no coincidence.

So this type of waterproofing began to be called by the name of the company, which 50 years ago was the first to produce waterproofing materials of penetrating action - PENETRON.

And when these materials began to gain more and more popularity every year, these materials, and then the type of waterproofing, began to be called "penetrating".

Injection, or injection waterproofing, the price of which, by the way, is quite low:

To perform waterproofing work using the technology of injection waterproofing, special equipment is required, since, unlike penetrating waterproofing (when the waterproofing material of penetrating action "PENETRON" penetrates into the concrete as a result of physical processes, and water resistance is imparted to concrete to the full thickness of the concrete as a result of chemical processes), injection materials are injected into the concrete under pressure by special pumps.

Since injection resins have a much higher viscosity than water, they cannot fill the capillaries of concrete, so concrete injections are usually waterproofing cracks formed during operation. Injection resin, for example, when penetrating into cracks in the floor or walls turns into a solid state, reliably waterproofing static cracks, that is, not subject to deformation.

But, often, cracks in concrete are formed in those places where periodic deformations of concrete occur.

For cracks in such places, a change in the width of their opening with time is characteristic.

If water flows from a crack, the cavity of which must be filled with injection material, then before applying the injection waterproofing, it is necessary to stop this leak.

To do this, injection into concrete is carried out in such a way as to get into the crack as close as possible to the outer side of the concrete structure.

www.penetron-moscow.ru

Injection waterproofing: methods, stages, materials

Injection waterproofing is one of the most modern and most effective moisture protection technologies. Waterproofing materials- one- and two-component polymer and cement compositions, pumped into the cracks of concrete and stone elements with high pressure pumps or directed by gravity. Let us consider in more detail the possibilities and features of the implementation of injection waterproof technology.

The principle of operation and scope of injection waterproofing

Injection of materials is carried out either along the object-soil boundary, or into the body of the structure itself. In the first case, a membrane is formed between the foundation, walls, floors and moisture-saturated soil. Depending on the type of compositions used, the resulting membrane has different rigidity. At high level of this indicator, the membrane plays a dual role - waterproofing and reinforcing frame. In this case, not only the level of hydroprotection of the object increases, but also its additional hardening takes place.

The use of the injection moisture protection method makes it possible to stop leaks, waterproof seams, and repair cracks.

Due to its special characteristics, the injection technology is used to create or restore the hydroprotection of private facilities, in scheduled and emergency repairs of critical structures.

Buried structures - foundations, basement and basement floors, underground garages.
Water pipelines, underground reservoirs.
Rocks and loose stones, soils that need to be stabilized for safe excavation.
Tunnels, stations and subway structures.
Arch type bridges made of natural stone.
Brick and stone masonry of structures of architectural and historical value.
Any concrete or reinforced concrete objects with cracks, structural and shrinkage joints, including water-filled, structural movement joints.

Benefits of using injection waterproofing

Protecting an object from moisture penetration from the outside by injecting hydrophobic gels and other compounds provides a number of positive factors:

Using this method, you can avoid a full-fledged repair, which involves opening the surface covered with soil.
These works can be carried out during the construction of the facility, and after the completion of the work. When implementing this technique, it is not required to dismantle the plaster layer or facing tiles.
The waterproofing membrane is guaranteed tightly and reliably envelops the protected surface.
Injection technology can be used for emergency local repairs to eliminate pressure water breakthrough.
Hydroprotection is able to withstand water pressure up to several atmospheres, does not lose its qualities at low temperatures and other negative influences environment.
The injected material is able to penetrate even the smallest pores and cavities.
The curing time of the material used depends on its chemical composition and can be only a few seconds, which is important in the elimination of accidents.
This type of waterproofing is safe for drinking water.

However, the implementation of this technology cannot be attributed to activities that are easy to perform. Firstly, special equipment is needed, and secondly, many waterproofing compounds thicken very quickly, so only specially trained specialists can handle them. This technique can be carried out only after the examination of the object, the choice of material for injection and clarification of the composition and procedure for carrying out the work.

There are several options for formulations for injection:

Polyurethane polymer gels are highly effective and the cheapest formulations. The polymer gel in contact with water is able to increase its volume up to 20 times. This material provides complete plugging of cracks, leaving no room for moisture at all. When solidified without the presence of water, the gels form a rigid one-strength mass. In the presence of water, a hard foam is formed. If work is carried out at low temperatures or the pressure flow of water is too strong, catalysts are used. The use of these substances makes it possible to reduce the hardening time to 12 seconds.
Gels based on acrylic acid esters are called acrylate gels.

Polyurethane and acrylate gels are among the most effective injection materials, capable of hardening in direct contact with water.

To protect against the action of pressure water, injection with acrylate gels is used over the surface of the insulated structure. Acrylate gel, mixing with soil particles, hardens to form an effective barrier that prevents the penetration of pressure water into the structure.

To create a waterproof membrane on the outside of the structure, soft, elastic, low-viscosity acrylate gels are recommended for use.

Epoxy compounds. They can harden only in air, the presence of moisture inhibits this process. This property of the material allows it to be used only for dry construction. Therefore, it is not suitable for emergency repairs. The advantage of epoxy compounds is their ability to increase the mechanical strength of the structure after hardening.
Cement-sand compositions, called microcements. This material is able not only to create a waterproofing protection of the object, but also to improve its internal structure, since it completely fills all its internal voids.

Alkaline water is used to fill large water-bearing cavities. cement mixture, whose properties are similar to those of masonry

Waterproofing technology using injection compounds

The process of injection waterproofing of walls during emergency repairs includes the following activities:

By examining the object, the points of penetration of pressure water are determined.
Through the wall through 25-50 cm through holes are drilled. Their diameter is up to 20 mm. At the established points of action of pressure moisture, additional perforation is performed. Blind holes of approximately the same diameter are drilled along the crack line.
In order to create additional protection, holes are made at the intersection of walls and ceilings.
Parkers are inserted into the holes made, which are metal or polymer tubes with a valve fixed on the outer end.
A tank with a waterproofing composition is connected to the valve.
Forcibly or during the organization of gravity, the composition is sent to the enclosing structure or beyond it.
Parkers are removed from the structure only after the waterproofing mass has hardened.
Creation of waterproofing protection of the foundation by injection:
Before carrying out waterproofing work, the foundation is cleaned of dirt and residues of roll insulation.
Determine the required number of holes - holes. They must be placed in such a step as to ensure the formation of a continuous waterproof layer in the foundation.
The holes are drilled at a slight angle.
Parkers are inserted into the boreholes.
Submission of compositions is carried out using pumps low pressure, which ensure that the low-viscosity gel is mixed with the hardener just before it is introduced into the concrete element. Therefore, before hardening, the composition has time to penetrate deeply into the mass of the structure.
The gel hardens and swells upon contact with moisture, forming a completely waterproof layer in concrete, excluding capillary suction of groundwater.
Parkers are removed from the structure.

Impregnation is carried out until the holes are completely filled with gel.

Injection waterproofing technology options

In practice, two schemes for supplying the injection composition into the boreholes are used.

According to the first scheme, the gel enters the holes by gravity, under the influence of gravity. Holes in this case are drilled at an angle to the surface of 30-45 °. First, the underlying holes are filled with gel, and then the holes located above.

It is necessary to pump a larger mass of gel into the upper holes than into the lower ones.

Complete impregnation of the walls in time takes at least a day. This method is not possible for emergencies, when using fast-hardening compositions.

According to the second scheme, the composition enters the boreholes under pressure. This technique is used for wet brick and concrete walls, in the elimination of pressure breakthroughs and leaks. This option allows you to make holes with a diameter of up to 15 mm, which saves the processing time of the structure. It is allowed to use the maximum step - 0.5-0.6 m.

Forced injection is carried out using a pressure pump. The process continues until a wet spot is formed around the hole.

The only limitation on the use of pressure injection is low temperatures. Already at +5°C, the waterproofing treatment of the structure is not carried out.

The implementation of injection waterproofing technology requires special, rather expensive equipment, knowledge and skills. Independent implementation of this process is impossible.

If you are interested in the topic of penetrating waterproofing, we can continue its discussion on the pages of the site.

Essence and methods of injection waterproofing, 3.7 out of 5 based on 3 ratings

izolyar.com

technology, materials, equipment and prices

Injection waterproofing is an almost absolute moisture protection technology. It is efficient, durable and, with the right equipment, easy to implement. And in this article, we will consider the process of waterproofing, focusing on materials for injection and examining the injection technology in detail.

The essence of the injection waterproofing process

The injection method of waterproofing is based on the process of forming a membrane between a layer of moisture-saturated soil and a building envelope (wall, foundation, ceiling).

Simply put: a hydrophobic gel is injected through the protected structure, into the outer space, which, when solidified, clogs the pores, both in the wall and in the ground.

Moreover, such a membrane, depending on the type of injection material, has a different degree of rigidity. As a result, the gel plays the role of not only waterproofing, but also a reinforcing frame. And the technology itself works no worse than a well-equipped external hydroprotection.

Therefore, injection waterproofing is used not only in the process of correcting flaws in the moisture protection of basements. This technology is used in the course of emergency or planned repairs of subway tunnels, main sewers, large artificial reservoirs, underground parking lots and other facilities.

And. both at the industrial and at the household level, injection waterproofing promises the following advantages:

Saving money on a full repair, with the opening of the surface covered with soil.
Saving time. The injection can be performed both after completion and right during the construction process.
Guaranteed high quality waterproofing membrane enveloping the entire outer surface.
The possibility of using this technology in the process of local repair, when a pressure breakthrough of water is eliminated with the help of a single injection.

However, due to the complexity of working with the composition itself, which is thickening right before our eyes, only experienced specialists can “handle” this technology.

Therefore, injection waterproofing is found in the list of services by no means every construction company.

Materials for injection waterproofing

The following compositions are commonly used as the basis for injections:

Polymer gels based on polyurethane.
epoxy solutions.
Gels based on acrylic acid esters (acrylates).
Special cement-sand mixtures (microcements).

Moreover, waterproofing by injection of polymer and acrylate gels is considered the most effective. Such compounds have the penetrating ability of water and harden upon prolonged contact with the liquid. That is, a catalyst for the transition from gel to solid it is the water that comes out.

In addition, using gels with controlled polymerization, it is possible to level the pressure of pressure water at a specific point of the protected surface. To do this, it is enough to perform an injection of a hydrophobic composition behind the building envelope. Acrylate gels mix with soil particles and, when solidified, form an insurmountable barrier that separates the surface to be protected from pressure moisture.

Polyurethane-based polymer gels are not only highly effective, but also the cheapest waterproofing agents.

Upon contact with water, the volume of such a gel increases by 20 times! Therefore, the prices for injection waterproofing with polymers will be lower than the costs for a similar procedure carried out using competing formulations.

In addition, the polymer gel simply displaces the liquid from the capillaries, and the subsequent portion of the composition completely clogs the protected surface, leaving no chance for pressure or capillary moisture.

Epoxy compounds harden only when exposed to air. And the presence of moisture only slows down the curing process. Therefore, mixtures based on epoxy compositions are served only for a “dry” wall. That is, this version of the waterproofer cannot be used during emergency repairs. However, epoxy compounds, after hardening, enhance not only hydrophobicity, but also the mechanical strength of the protected structure.

Microcements not only isolate from moisture, but also “heal” the structure of the protected structure, filling internal voids, cracks, drilled shafts and other cavities.

Waterproofing by injection - how is it done?

Technological process injection waterproofing is carried out as follows:

At the very beginning, the protected surface is examined. The purpose of the survey is to localize points of pressure penetration of moisture.
At the next stage, through holes with a diameter of up to 20 millimeters are drilled along the wall in increments of 0.25-0.5 meters. Moreover, additional holes are drilled at localized points of penetration of pressure moisture.
Further, blind holes of the same diameter are drilled along the fault line or crack. In addition, the same perforation can be performed in the area of the corner junction of walls and ceilings.
At the next stage, fittings (metal or polymer tubes) are inserted into the drilled holes, to the outer end of which valves are attached ( Ball Valves).
To the ends of the valves, in series, connect the tank with the injection composition. After that, by pressurizing the tank, or by providing a “free flow” of the gel, the composition is transported through the tube beyond the wall (or into it).
After the gel has hardened, the tubes are removed from the wall, and the outer surface is covered with a layer of moisture-resistant plaster, which will clog the injection perforation.

It should be noted that only specialized companies can offer this technology. Indeed, for its implementation it is necessary special equipment for injection waterproofing (drills, gel supply systems, etc.), which is simply not affordable for private individuals. Therefore, the implementation of this process "with your own hands" is simply impossible.

Overview of waterproofing injection technologies

Like any other technology, injection waterproofing is carried out using different techniques. In this case, the classification of technological methods can be built on the scheme for supplying the composition to the protected surface. Moreover, in practice, only two schemes are used: the supply of the composition under pressure, the supply of the composition by gravity.

Injection by gravity

In this case, the filling of the holes occurs due to the movement of the gel through the supply pipes under the action of gravity. Therefore, injection holes - boreholes - are drilled at an angle of 30-45 degrees, and not strictly perpendicular.

Filling the holes with gel starts from the bottom up. Moreover, a larger volume of gel is pumped into the upper holes than into the lower holes.

As a result, it takes at least 24 hours to fully impregnate the walls, and “emergency” impregnation at the point of a pressure breakthrough using this method is impossible in principle. Moreover, not all gels are suitable as an impregnating material for injection by gravity. Fast-hardening compositions, in this case, are contraindicated.

pressure injection

Such waterproofing injections are made into damp walls made of brick or concrete. Another option for using pressure injection is to repair a leak or pressure breakthrough.

Moreover, in order to save time, it is customary to reduce the diameter of the hole to 15 millimeters and increase the spacing of injection holes to a maximum value of 0.5 meters.

Forced injection of the gel is carried out using a pressure pump that provides a supply with a pressure of at least four atmospheres. The injection itself continues until a wet spot appears around the hole, indicating saturation of the protected surface.

As a result, the only "contraindication" for forced injection can only be low temperature. Soil saturation is not recommended already at 5 degrees Celsius.

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