Design of fire-prevention water supply. Internal fire water pipeline Fire water pipeline project sample
In accordance with the requirements of paragraph 61 when installing, repairing and maintaining fire safety equipment for buildings and structures, design solutions, requirements of regulatory documents on fire safety and (or) special technical conditions must be observed. The facility should store as-built documentation for installations and fire protection systems of the facility.
Internal fire water supply (IRW) is a set of pipelines and technical means that provide water supply to fire hydrants.
The fire hydrant (PC) is a set consisting of a valve installed on the internal fire water supply and equipped with a fire connection head, as well as a fire hose with a manual fire nozzle.
Fire hydrants and means for ensuring their use are primary fire extinguishing equipment and are intended for use by employees of organizations, personnel of fire departments and other persons in order to fight fires.
Fire hydrants of the internal fire-fighting water supply are located in fire cabinets and are equipped with a fire hose and a fire barrel.
Complete set of the fire hydrant of the internal fire water supply
Currently, in the Russian Federation, the main requirements for the design, installation and operation of ERW are presented by the following regulatory legal acts:
For residential and public buildings, as well as administrative buildings of industrial enterprises, the need for an internal fire water supply system, as well as the minimum water consumption for fire extinguishing, is determined in accordance with.
Internal fire hydrants are installed mainly at the entrances, on the platforms of heated staircases, except for smoke-free staircases, as well as in lobbies, corridors, walkways and other most accessible places. The location of fire hydrants should not interfere with the evacuation of people.
In the event of a lack of water pressure in the internal fire water pipeline, fire pumping units are provided. Pumping units can be started manually remotely from buttons (manual call points) installed in fire hydrant cabinets or next to them. With automatic start-up of fire pumps, installation of buttons (manual call points) in fire hydrant cabinets is not required.
If the water metering unit of the building does not provide the passage of the required water flow for fire extinguishing purposes, then a bypass line of the water meter is provided at the inlet of the water supply. An electrified valve is installed on the bypass line, which opens from the signal of the control equipment of the ERW simultaneously with the signal for automatic or remote start-up of fire pumps. An electrified gate valve can consist of a butterfly valve for an electric drive (for example: GRANVEL ZPVS-FL-3-050-MN-E) and an electric drive (for example: AUMA SG04.3) 
The control equipment for the internal fire water pipeline provides automatic, local and remote start-up of pumps; automatic switching on of electric drives of shut-off valves; automatic control of the emergency level in the tank, in the drainage pit. An example of ERW control devices: Sprut-2, Potok-3N. 
When fire pumps are automatically and remotely switched on, a light and sound signal is simultaneously supplied to the fire station or other premises with a round-the-clock presence of service personnel.
Life, health and safety of people depend on many factors. In the event of a fire in a room not equipped with fire fighting equipment and without a developed plan for the evacuation of people and property, much will depend on accidents and trifles. In the event of a fire, personal protective equipment and fire extinguishing equipment (sand, water, non-flammable liquids) may not be at hand.
Many years of life experience proves that in the event of an emergency (fire, ignition), only a pre-developed evacuation plan and a fire-fighting water supply system equipped in an easily accessible place will help save life and property.
It is very important that the design of the fire water pipeline is developed by qualified fire safety engineers. It is necessary that the developed project of a fire-fighting water supply system meets all fire safety requirements and all the features of the building and the specifics of its interior.
Designing a fire-fighting water supply is a complex engineering task, since this water supply system is intended only for extinguishing fires or fires. Fire water supply is a network of pipelines, constantly and completely filled with water. This type of fire water supply is called "wet".
A "dry" fire-fighting water supply is a water supply that is filled with water only when extinguishing a fire or fire.
There are two types of fire hydrants:
- water supply, which is a system of several pipelines with fire shields. In many cases, it is connected to domestic water supply systems. This type of fire fighting system is designed to extinguish fires or fires manually. As a rule, the coverage area of one fire shield is equal to the length of the fire hose (20 meters).
- automatic fire extinguishing system. The system is a network separated from the domestic water supply network with sprinklers (or drenchers), mounted throughout the entire building area. The sprinkler is capable of irrigating no more than 12 m². When an alarm occurs, the sprinklers turn on automatically. The system itself also works and continues to work without the participation of people.
In order for water systems to work smoothly, it is necessary to accurately design the functioning of internal and external fire-fighting water pipes.
Designing a fire water pipeline consists of the following stages:
- determination of the number of fire extinguishing jets and determination of their flow rate. When designing, it must be taken into account that each point of the room must be irrigated with at least 2 jets from two different adjacent risers. After that, the number of fire risers is calculated and their locations are determined.
- network wiring design. In buildings of 5 floors or higher, equipped with a fire-fighting plumbing, it is necessary to take into account the actions that ensure the two-way passage of water. This means that it is necessary to loop fire risers and taps with water risers. In this case, it is imperative to provide for the installation of shut-off valves on the jumpers. The self-supply water system in the event of a fire must be connected by jumpers to other water supply systems, if such conditions exist.
SP 10.13130.2009
SET OF RULES
Fire protection systems
INTERNAL FIRE WATER PIPE
fire safety requirements
fire protection system. Fire line inside. fire safety requirements
OKS 13.220.10
OKVED 7523040
Introduction date 2009-05-01
Foreword
The goals and principles of standardization in the Russian Federation are established by the Federal Law of December 27, 2002 N 184-FZ "On Technical Regulation", and the rules for applying sets of rules - by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation "On the procedure for developing and approving sets of rules" of November 19, 2008 No. 858
About the set of rules
1 DEVELOPED FGU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia
2 INTRODUCED by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 274 "Fire Safety"
3 APPROVED AND INTRODUCED BY EMERCOM of Russia Order No. 180 dated March 25, 2009
4 REGISTERED by the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology
5 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME
Information about changes to this set of rules is published in the annually published information index "National Standards", and the text of changes and amendments - in the monthly published information indexes "National Standards". In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this set of rules, a corresponding notice will be published in the monthly published information index "National Standards". Relevant information, notification and texts are also placed in the public information system - on the official website of the developer (FGU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia) on the Internet
INTRODUCED Amendment N 1, approved and put into effect on 01.02.2011 by Order of the EMERCOM of Russia dated 09.12.2010 N 641
Change #1 was made by the database manufacturer
1. General Provisions
1. General Provisions
1.1 This set of rules was developed in accordance with Articles , , , and 107 of the Federal Law of July 22, 2008 N 123-FZ "Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements" (hereinafter referred to as the Technical Regulations), is a regulatory document on fire safety in the field of standardization voluntary application and establishes fire safety requirements for internal fire water supply systems.
If there are no fire safety requirements for the object of protection in the codes of rules or if, in order to achieve the required level of its fire safety, technical solutions are used that differ from the solutions provided for by the codes of rules, special technical conditions should be developed on the basis of the provisions of the Technical Regulations, providing for the implementation of a set of measures to ensure the required level of fire safety of the protected object.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).
1.2 This set of rules applies to the designed and reconstructed internal fire water supply systems.
1.3 This set of rules does not apply to internal fire water supply:
buildings and structures designed according to special technical conditions;
enterprises producing or storing explosive and flammable combustible substances;
for extinguishing class D fires (according to GOST 27331), as well as chemically active substances and materials, including:
- reacting with a fire extinguishing agent with an explosion (organoaluminum compounds, alkali metals);
- decomposing when interacting with a fire extinguishing agent with the release of combustible gases (organolithium compounds, lead azide, aluminum, zinc, magnesium hydrides);
- interacting with a fire extinguishing agent with a strong exothermic effect (sulfuric acid, titanium chloride, thermite);
- self-igniting substances (sodium hydrosulfite, etc.).
1.4 This set of rules can be used in the development of special specifications for the design and construction of buildings.
2 Normative references
This code of practice uses normative references to the following standards:
GOST 27331-87 Fire fighting equipment. Fire classification
GOST R 51844-2009 Fire fighting equipment. Fire cabinets. General technical requirements. Test Methods
Note - When using this set of rules, it is advisable to check the validity of reference standards, sets of rules and classifiers in the public information system - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet or according to the annually published information index "National Standards", which is published on as of January 1 of the current year, and according to the corresponding monthly published information indexes published in the current year. If the reference standard is replaced (modified), then when using this set of rules, one should be guided by the replacing (modified) standard. If the referenced standard is canceled without replacement, the provision in which the reference to it is given applies to the extent that this reference is not affected.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this International Standard, the following terms and definitions apply:
3.1 internal fire water supply(ERW): A set of pipelines and technical means that provide water supply to fire hydrants.
3.2 water tank: A water feeder filled with a calculated volume of water under atmospheric pressure, automatically providing pressure in the ERW pipelines due to the piezometric height above the fire hydrants, as well as the estimated water flow required for the operation of the ERW fire hydrants before reaching the operating mode of the main water feeder (pumping unit) .
3.3 jet compact height: The nominal height (length) of a water jet flowing from a manual fire nozzle, while maintaining its compactness.
Note - The height of the compact part of the jet is assumed to be 0.8 of the height of the vertical jet.
3.4 hydropneumatic tank(hydro-pneumatic tank): A water feeder (hermetic vessel), partially filled with the estimated volume of water (30-70% of the tank capacity) and under pressurized compressed air, automatically providing pressure in the ERW pipelines, as well as the estimated water flow required for the work of firefighters cranes ERW before reaching the operating mode of the main water feeder (pumping unit).
3.5 pumping unit: A pumping unit with accessories (piping elements and a control system) mounted according to a specific scheme that ensures the operation of the pump.
3.6 omission: Distribution pipeline ERW, through which water is supplied from top to bottom.
3.7 fire hydrant(PC): A set consisting of a valve installed on the internal fire water supply and equipped with a fire connection head, as well as a fire hose with a manual fire nozzle in accordance with GOST R 51844.
3.8 fire cabinet: Type of fire equipment designed to accommodate and ensure the safety of technical equipment used during a fire in accordance with GOST R 51844.
3.9 riser: Distribution pipeline VPV with fire hydrants placed on it, through which water is supplied from the bottom up.
4 Technical requirements
4.1 Pipelines and facilities*
______________
* Revised edition, Rev. N 1 .
4.1.1 For residential and public buildings, as well as administrative buildings of industrial enterprises, the need for an internal fire water supply system, as well as the minimum water consumption for fire extinguishing, should be determined in accordance with table 1, and for industrial and storage buildings - in accordance with table 2 .
Table 1 - Number of fire nozzles and minimum water consumption for internal fire extinguishing
Residential, public and administrative buildings and premises | Number of fire nozzles | Minimum water consumption for internal fire extinguishing, l / s, per jet | |
1 Residential buildings: | |||
with the number of floors from 12 to 16 inclusive. | |||
with the number of floors of St. 16 to 25 incl. | |||
the same, with the total length of the corridor of St. 10 m | |||
2 Administration buildings: | |||
height from 6 to 10 floors incl. and volume up to 25000 m inclusive. | |||
the same, the volume of St. 25000 m | |||
the same, the volume of St. 25000 m | |||
3 Stage clubs, theaters, cinemas, assembly and conference halls equipped with cinematographic equipment | According to * | ||
4 Hostels and public buildings not listed in position 2: | |||
with the number of floors up to 10 inclusive. and volume from 5000 to 25000 m inclusive. | |||
the same, the volume of St. 25000 m | |||
with the number of floors of St. 10 and volume up to 25000 m inclusive. | |||
the same, the volume of St. 25000 m | |||
5 Administrative buildings of industrial enterprises volume, m: | |||
from 5000 to 25000 m incl. | |||
St. 25000 m | |||
___________
* See section Bibliography. - Database manufacturer's note.
Table 2 - Number of fire nozzles and minimum water consumption for internal fire extinguishing in industrial and storage buildings
The degree of fire resistance of buildings | The number of fire nozzles and the minimum water consumption, l / s, per 1 fire nozzle, for internal fire extinguishing in industrial and warehouse buildings up to 50 m high, inclusive. and volume, thousand m |
|||||
from 0.5 to 5 incl. | St. 5 to 50 incl. | St. 50 to 200 incl. | St. 200 to 400 incl. | St. 400 to 800 incl. |
||
Notes:
1 The sign "-" indicates the need to develop special technical conditions for the justification of water consumption.
3 The sign "*" indicates that fire nozzles are not required.
The water consumption for fire extinguishing, depending on the height of the compact part of the jet and the diameter of the spray, should be specified according to Table 3. In this case, the simultaneous operation of fire hydrants and sprinkler or deluge installations should be taken into account.
Table 3 - Water consumption for fire extinguishing depending on the height of the compact part of the jet and the diameter of the spray
Height of the compact part of the jet | Fire barrel consumption, l/s | Pressure, MPa, at the fire hydrant with sleeves, m | Fire barrel consumption, l/s | Pressure, MPa, at the fire hydrant with sleeves, m |
|||||||||||
Fire hose tip spray diameter, mm |
|||||||||||||||
Fire hydrant valve DN 50 |
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Fire hydrant valve DN 65 |
|||||||||||||||
(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).
4.1.2 Water consumption and the number of jets for internal fire extinguishing in public and industrial buildings (regardless of category) with a height of over 50 m and a volume of up to 50,000 m should be taken 4 jets of 5 l / s each; with a larger volume of buildings - 8 jets of 5 l / s each.
4.1.3 In production and storage buildings, for which, in accordance with Table 2, the need for an air blast device is established, the minimum water consumption for internal fire extinguishing, determined according to Table 2, should be increased:
when using frame elements from unprotected steel structures in buildings of III and IV (C2, C3) fire resistance degrees, as well as from solid or glued wood (including those subjected to fire retardant treatment) - by 5 l / s;
when used in the enclosing structures of buildings IV (C2, C3) of the degree of fire resistance of heaters made of combustible materials - by 5 l / s for buildings with a volume of up to 10 thousand m. With a building volume of more than 10 thousand m - additionally by 5 l / s for each subsequent full or incomplete 100 thousand m of volume.
The requirements of this paragraph do not apply to buildings for which, in accordance with Table 2, internal fire water supply is not required to be provided.
4.1.4 In the premises of the halls with a mass stay of people in the presence of a combustible finish, the number of jets for internal fire extinguishing should be taken one more than indicated in table 1.
4.1.3, 4.1.4 (Changed edition, Rev. N 1).
4.1.5 Internal fire water pipeline is not required to provide:
a) in buildings and premises with a volume or height less than those indicated in tables 1 and 2;
b) in the buildings of general education schools, except for boarding schools, including schools with assembly halls equipped with stationary film equipment, as well as in baths;
c) in the buildings of seasonal cinemas for any number of seats;
d) in industrial buildings in which the use of water can cause an explosion, fire, spread of fire;
e) in industrial buildings of I and II degrees of fire resistance of categories D and D, regardless of their volume, and in industrial buildings of III-V degrees of fire resistance with a volume of not more than 5000 m3 of categories D and D;
f) in industrial and administrative buildings of industrial enterprises, as well as in premises for storing vegetables and fruits and in refrigerators that are not equipped with drinking or industrial water supply, for which fire extinguishing from containers (reservoirs, reservoirs) is provided;
g) in the buildings of warehouses for roughage, pesticides and mineral fertilizers.
Note - It is allowed not to provide an internal fire water supply in industrial buildings for the processing of agricultural products of category B, I and II degrees of fire resistance, up to 5000 m3.
4.1.6 For parts of buildings of different heights or rooms for various purposes, the need for an internal fire water supply and water flow for fire extinguishing should be taken separately for each part of the building in accordance with 4.1.1 and 4.1.2.
In this case, the water consumption for internal fire extinguishing should be taken:
for buildings that do not have fire walls - by the total volume of the building;
for buildings divided into parts by fire walls of types I and II - according to the volume of that part of the building where the greatest water flow is required.
When connecting buildings of I and II degrees of fire resistance with transitions from fireproof materials and installing fire doors, the volume of the building is considered for each building separately; in the absence of fire doors - by the total volume of buildings and a more dangerous category.
4.1.7 Hydrostatic pressure in the system of fire-fighting plumbing at the level of the lowest located sanitary appliance should not exceed 0.45 MPa.
The hydrostatic pressure in the separate fire water supply system at the level of the lowest located fire hydrant should not exceed 0.9 MPa.
When the design pressure in the fire water supply network exceeds 0.45 MPa, it is necessary to provide for the installation of a separate fire water supply network.
Note - When the pressure at the PC is more than 0.4 MPa, between the fire damper and the connecting head, it is necessary to provide for the installation of diaphragms and pressure regulators that reduce excess pressure. It is allowed to install diaphragms with the same hole diameter on 3-4 floors of the building.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).
4.1.8 The free pressure at the fire hydrants should ensure the receipt of compact fire jets with a height necessary to extinguish a fire at any time of the day in the highest and most remote part of the room. The smallest height and radius of action of the compact part of the fire jet should be taken equal to the height of the room, counting from the floor to the highest point of overlap (cover), but not less than, m:
6 - in residential, public, industrial and auxiliary buildings of industrial enterprises up to 50 m high;
8 - in residential buildings over 50 m high;
16 - in public, industrial and auxiliary buildings of industrial enterprises with a height of over 50 m.
Notes:
1. The pressure at fire hydrants should be determined taking into account pressure losses in fire hoses 10, 15 or 20 m long.
2. To obtain fire jets with a water flow rate of up to 4 l / s, fire hydrants with accessories with DN 50 should be used; l/s.
4.1.9 The location and capacity of the water tanks of the building must ensure that at any time of the day a compact jet with a height of at least 4 m on the top floor or the floor located directly under the tank, and at least 6 m - on the other floors; in this case, the number of jets should be taken: two with a capacity of 2.5 l / s each for 10 minutes with a total estimated number of jets of two or more, one - in other cases.
When installing fire hydrant position sensors on fire hydrants for automatic start-up of fire pumps, water tanks may not be provided.
4.1.10 The operating time of fire hydrants should be taken as 3 hours. When installing fire hydrants on automatic fire extinguishing systems, their operating time should be taken equal to the operating time of automatic fire extinguishing systems.
4.1.11 In buildings with a height of 6 floors or more, with a combined system of fire-fighting plumbing, fire risers should be looped on top. At the same time, to ensure the replacement of water in buildings, it is necessary to provide for the ringing of fire risers with one or more water risers with the installation of shutoff valves.
It is recommended to connect the risers of a separate fire water supply system with jumpers to other water supply systems, provided that the systems can be connected.
On fire-fighting systems with dry pipes located in unheated buildings, shut-off valves should be located in heated rooms.
4.1.12 When determining the location and number of fire risers and fire hydrants in buildings, the following must be taken into account:
in industrial and public buildings with an estimated number of jets of at least three, and in residential buildings - at least two, it is allowed to install twin fire hydrants on risers;
in residential buildings with corridors up to 10 m long, with an estimated number of jets of two, each point of the room can be irrigated with two jets supplied from one fire riser;
in residential buildings with corridors longer than 10 m, as well as in industrial and public buildings with an estimated number of jets of 2 or more, each point of the room should be irrigated with two jets - one jet from 2 adjacent risers (different PCs).
Notes:
1. The installation of fire hydrants in technical floors, attics and technical undergrounds should be provided for if they contain combustible materials and structures.
2. The number of jets supplied from each riser should be no more than two.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).
4.1.13 Fire hydrants should be installed in such a way that the outlet on which it is located is at a height of (1.35 ± 0.15) m above the floor of the room, and placed in fire cabinets with ventilation holes adapted for their sealing . Paired PCs can be installed one above the other, while the second PC must be installed at a height of at least 1 m from the floor.
4.1.14 In the fire cabinets of industrial, auxiliary and public buildings, it should be possible to place portable fire extinguishers.
4.1.15 The internal networks of the fire-fighting water supply of each zone of a building with a height of 17 floors or more must have 2 branch pipes brought out to the outside with connecting heads with a diameter of 80 mm for connecting mobile fire equipment with a check valve installed in the building and a normal open sealed valve.
4.1.13-4.1.15 (Changed edition, Rev. N 1).
4.1.16 Internal fire hydrants should be installed mainly at the entrances, on the sites of heated (with the exception of smoke-free) staircases, in lobbies, corridors, passages and other most accessible places, while their location should not interfere with the evacuation of people.
4.1.17 In rooms subject to protection by automatic fire extinguishing installations, internal fire control systems may be placed on a water sprinkler network after control units on pipelines with a diameter of DN-65 and more.
4.1.18 In unheated closed-type premises outside the pumping station, ERW pipelines are allowed to be dry-pipe.
4.1.17, 4.1.18 (Introduced additionally, Rev. N 1).
4.2 Pump installations
4.2.1 In the event of a constant or periodic lack of pressure in the internal fire water pipeline, it is necessary to provide for the installation of fire pumping units.
4.2.2 Fire pumping units and hydropneumatic tanks for ERW may be located on the first floors and not lower than the first underground floor of buildings of I and II degrees of fire resistance made of non-combustible materials. At the same time, the premises of fire pumping units and hydropneumatic tanks must be heated, separated from other premises by fire partitions and ceilings with a fire resistance rating of REI 45, and have a separate exit to the outside or to a staircase with an exit to the outside. Fire pumping units can be located in the premises of heating points, boiler rooms and boiler rooms.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).
4.2.3 The design of fire pump installations and the determination of the number of standby units should be carried out taking into account the parallel or sequential operation of fire pumps in each stage.
4.2.4 At each fire pump, a check valve, a valve and a pressure gauge should be provided on the pressure line, and a valve and a pressure gauge should be installed on the suction line.
When the fire pump is operating without back pressure on the suction line, it is not necessary to install a valve on it.
4.2.5 It is allowed not to provide vibration-isolating bases and vibration-isolating inserts in fire pumping installations.
4.2.6 Fire pumping units with hydropneumatic tanks should be designed with variable pressure. Replenishment of the air supply in the tank should be carried out, as a rule, by compressors with automatic or manual start.
4.2.7 Pumping installations for fire fighting purposes should be designed with manual or remote control, and for buildings over 50 m high, cultural centers, conference halls, assembly halls and for buildings equipped with sprinkler and deluge installations - with manual, automatic and remote management.
Notes:
1. An automatic or remote start signal should be sent to fire pump units after an automatic check of the water pressure in the system. With sufficient pressure in the system, the start of the fire pump should be automatically canceled until the pressure drops, requiring the activation of the fire pump unit.
2. It is allowed to use household pumps for fire extinguishing, provided that the calculated flow rate is supplied and the water pressure is automatically checked. Household pumps must meet the requirements for fire pumps. When the pressure drops below the allowable level, the fire pump should automatically turn on.
3. Simultaneously with the signal for the automatic or remote start of fire pumps or the opening of the fire hydrant valve, a signal must be received to open the electrified valve on the bypass line of the water meter at the water supply inlet.
4.2.8 When starting fire pumping units remotely, start buttons should be installed in fire cabinets or next to them. With automatic start-up of fire pumps VPV, installation of start buttons in PC cabinets is not required. When automatically and remotely turning on fire pumps, it is necessary to simultaneously give a signal (light and sound) to the fire station room or other room with round-the-clock stay of service personnel.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).
4.2.9 In case of automatic control of a fire pumping unit, the following shall be provided:
- automatic start-up and shutdown of the main fire pumps depending on the required pressure in the system;
- automatic activation of the backup pump in case of emergency shutdown of the main fire pump;
- simultaneous signaling (light and sound) about the emergency shutdown of the main fire pump in the fire station room or other room with round-the-clock stay of service personnel.
4.2.10 For pumping units supplying water for firefighting needs, it is necessary to take the following category of power supply reliability according to:
I - at a water flow rate for internal fire extinguishing of more than 2.5 l / s, as well as for fire pumping installations, the interruption of which is not allowed;
II - at a water consumption for internal fire extinguishing of 2.5 l / s; for residential buildings with a height of 10-16 floors with a total water flow of 5 l / s, as well as for fire pump installations that allow a short break in operation for the time required to manually turn on the backup power.
Notes:
1. If, according to local conditions, it is impossible to power category I fire pumping units from two independent power supply sources, it is allowed to power them from one source, provided that they are connected to different lines with a voltage of 0.4 kV and to different transformers of a two-transformer substation or transformers of the two nearest single-transformer substations ( with AVR).
2. If it is impossible to ensure the necessary reliability of power supply to fire pumping units, it is allowed to install standby pumps driven by internal combustion engines. However, they are not allowed to be placed in the basement.
4.2.11 When water is taken from the reservoir, installation of fire pumps "under the bay" should be provided. If fire pumps are located above the water level in the tank, devices for filling the pumps should be provided or self-priming pumps should be installed.
4.2.12 When water is taken by fire pumps from tanks, at least two suction lines should be provided. The calculation of each of them should be made for the passage of the estimated water flow, including fire fighting.
4.2.13 Pipelines in fire pumping stations, as well as suction lines outside fire pumping stations, should be designed from welded steel pipes using flange connections for connection to fire pumps and fittings. In buried and semi-buried fire pumping stations, measures should be taken to collect and remove accidental water runoff.
If it is necessary to install a drainage pump, its performance should be determined from the condition of preventing the water level in the engine room from rising above the lower mark of the fire pump electric drive.
Bibliography
SNiP 2.08.02-89* SNiP 31-06-2009 and SNiP 31-05-2003. - Database manufacturer's note. official publication Revision of the document, taking into account |
All large modern buildings have a fire-fighting water supply system. Needless to say about its importance. How to make a smart project.
Fire extinguishing is the process of the impact of forces and means, as well as the use of methods and techniques for extinguishing a fire.
First, we need to separate the concepts. There is a fire water pipeline, which is a piping system with fire shields (PC). Most often, it is combined with a domestic water supply system. The system is designed for manual fire extinguishing. As a rule, the coverage area of one fire shield is limited to a maximum length of a fire hose - 20 meters.
And there is an automatic fire extinguishing system (APT), which is a separate water supply network with sprinklers literally throughout the entire area of the building, as well as drenchers. A sprinkler on average can irrigate up to 12 square meters. The system turns on automatically, from a fire alarm signal or from the remote control.
In this article we will talk about the fire water supply system - for manual fire extinguishing. The design of this system is regulated by SNiP 2.04.01-85 * "Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings".
Where does the design of a fire water pipeline begin? First of all, it is necessary to determine its necessity. Paragraph 6.5 of SNiP 2.04.01-85* is responsible for this.
Internal fire water supply is not required to provide:
- a) in buildings and premises, with a volume or height less than those indicated in Table. 1* and 2;
- b) in the buildings of general education schools, except for boarding schools, including schools with assembly halls equipped with stationary film equipment, as well as in baths;
- c) in the buildings of seasonal cinemas for any number of seats;
- d) in industrial buildings in which the use of water can cause an explosion, fire, spread of fire;
- e) in industrial buildings of I and II degrees of fire resistance of categories D and D, regardless of their volume, and in industrial buildings of III-V degrees of fire resistance with a volume of not more than 5000 m3 of categories D, D;
- f) in industrial and administrative buildings of industrial enterprises, as well as in premises for storing vegetables and fruits and in refrigerators that are not equipped with drinking or industrial water supply, for which fire extinguishing from containers (reservoirs, reservoirs) is provided;
- g) in the buildings of warehouses for roughage, pesticides and mineral fertilizers.
Buildings less than 5,000 cubic meters in construction volume can do without a fire water supply. Either residential buildings are more than 5000 cubic meters, but below 12 floors. All buildings taller and larger require a fire suppression system.
For different buildings - different fire extinguishing systems, which differ in several parameters.
Fire extinguishing is carried out from hoses that are attached to fire shields. Typically, hoses of a maximum length of 20 meters are taken. Firefighting through one such hose is called a "fire jet". There are several types of fire jets, they depend on the diameter of the fire hydrant. To simplify things, a 50 mm diameter fire hydrant corresponds to a jet of 2.5 liters / second, and a 65 mm fire hydrant corresponds to a jet of 5 liters / second.
The process of designing a fire water pipeline begins with determining the number of fire extinguishing jets and determining their flow rate. All these parameters are in the tables of SNiP 2.04.01-85 *.
|
residential, public |
Number |
Minimum water consumption for internal fire extinguishing, l / s, per jet |
|
1. Residential buildings: |
||
|
with the number of floors of St. 16 to 25 |
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the same, with the total length of the corridor of St. 10 m |
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2. Office buildings: |
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the same, the volume of St. 25,000 m3 |
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the same, with a volume of 25,000 m3 |
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3. Clubs with a stage, theaters, cinemas, assembly and conference halls equipped with cinema equipment |
According to SNiP 2.08.02-89* |
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4. Hostels and public buildings not listed in pos. 2: |
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the same, the volume of St. 25,000 m3 |
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with the number of floors of St. 10 and up to 25,000 m3 |
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the same, the volume of St. 25,000 m3 |
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5. Administrative buildings of industrial enterprises volume, m3: |
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When determining the number and location of fire risers and fire hydrants in a building, it should be taken into account that in industrial and public buildings with an estimated number of jets for internal fire extinguishing two or more, each point of the room must be irrigated with two jets (one jet from two adjacent risers), in residential buildings are allowed to supply two jets from one riser.
After the number of fire extinguishing jets and the flow rate per jet are determined, it is necessary to start designing the wiring of networks. In multi-storey buildings with a height of five floors or more, equipped with fire-fighting plumbing, fire risers with five or more fire hydrants must be looped with water risers and provide for the installation of shut-off valves on the lintels, providing two-way water flow. It is recommended to connect the risers of an independent fire water supply system with jumpers to other water supply systems, provided that the systems can be connected.
Fire hydrants should be installed at a height of 1.35 m above the floor of the room and placed in cabinets with openings for ventilation and adapted for sealing and the possibility of visual inspection without opening. Paired fire hydrants may be installed one above the other, while the second faucet is installed at a height of at least 1 m from the floor.
Fire hydrants are best placed near stairwells.
Published on the site: 12/15/2011 at 13:20.
Object: MDOU 191.
Project developer: OOO SPPB.
Developer site: — .
Year of project release: 2011.
Systems: Pump station automation, Fire fighting water supply
Type of construction - repair. The building of the MDOU - kindergarten N191 in Ivanovo is two-story with a basement. Protected premises are heated. The pumping station is in the basement.
System description:
The pumping station of the internal fire water supply is designed to bring the existing internal fire water supply system into line with the current norms and rules. Fire hydrant repairs include:- pumping station of the internal fire water pipeline;
- electric shutter;
- automation of a pumping station and a gate with an electric drive;
- installation of manual fire detectors in each cabinet with a fire hydrant, which serve to remotely turn on the working pump;
- switching on the standby pump in case of failure to start the working pump or not creating
- them design pressure for 10 sec.
- in case of visual detection of small foci of fire, unwind the fire hose, direct the fire nozzle into the combustion zone, manually open the valve at the fire hydrant and break the glass of the manual fire detector. The detector "IPR 513-3 isp.02", installed in the cabinets of fire hydrants, is in the mode of single blinking of the built-in LED with a period of about 4 seconds and a current consumption of up to 50 μA.
- When the plastic window is destroyed, the detectors' LED switches to the constant glow mode, which confirms the signal reception by the control panel. The impulse from the manual fire detector generates a command impulse to the automatic opening circuit of the electric shutter on the water bypass line.
Project drawings
(Serve for review. The project itself can be downloaded by clicking on the link below.).
