Physical activity after myocardial infarction. Stress and exercise It is also necessary to exclude physical activity

This is the final article in the functional training microcycle, it contains very important information for those who are planning to take up CrossFit and its varieties. In functional training, there are a number of contraindications that every trainer must consider before working with clients.

In any case, before starting functional training, each person should consult with their doctor.

Some diseases of the cardiovascular system completely exclude functional training. However, a mild form of diseases such as bradycardia, tachycardia, arrhythmia, hypotension, hypertension allows you to perform exercises, but with minimal stress. With such diseases, the maximum load and time of classes should be determined by the doctor. In case of serious heart diseases (various heart defects, noises, strong pressure drops), functional training is strictly prohibited!

In diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, enhanced functional training is also not recommended. But moderate loads are allowed, while they must be determined by the attending physician.

Diseases of the respiratory tract also do not allow you to engage in functional training, and with lesions of the pulmonary system, dosed loads are even welcome.

Increased bone fragility and demineralization of the skeletal system are also contraindications.

Many diseases of the musculoskeletal system (all kinds of lesions and damage to muscle tissue, damage to tendons, muscle spasms) require close attention during functional training, and in most cases, complete rejection of it.

The postoperative period during the year completely excludes functional training. If this contraindication is neglected, then the seams that remain after the operation may disperse.

People suffering from diseases of the endocrine system (Basedow's disease, diabetes mellitus) should be careful about training and be sure to consult a doctor.

Diseases of the genitourinary system (kidney stones) are also a contraindication to exercise, since with increased stress, stone movement may occur, which will lead to a deterioration in the condition.

With inflammation of the hemorrhoids and with varicose veins, the load should be minimal and strictly dosed. In difficult situations, it is necessary to completely exclude training.

All diseases that affect the biliary tract (gallstones, cholecystitis, liver enlargement) also do not include sports with increased physical exertion.

Any damage to the joints (arthrosis, dislocations) requires a reduction or complete elimination of loads.

Various neuralgia partially or completely exclude functional training. With neuralgia of a mild nature, classes are allowed, but only under the supervision of a specialist.

People who have suffered serious diseases of an infectious or inflammatory nature should not immediately start training. A recovery period is required, during which you should undergo a course of special therapy and take vitamins.

It is important to understand that any physical activity, if they are not comparable with the capabilities of the body, can cause irreparable harm to health. That is why you should always coordinate any sport with the state of the body. In any case, before embarking on functional training, each person should consult with a professional doctor.

Many are interested in the question - "sorry" or "pump" back? Strange as it may sound, both the first and second options do not solve the problem. “Why?”, any exercise therapist or fitness trainer with experience will ask, because a large number of publications on this issue claim that “good muscle core” or “pumped back” is the basis of a healthy spine.

Rice. 1. Norma

Of course, having trained muscles surrounding the spine is better than having weak ones, but there are a number of questions that allow us to look at this statement from a different angle.
First of all, why does the back hurt from time to time for those involved in elite sports? You can't say about these people that they have "weak" muscles. Secondly, what should those who have back pain do, is it just another problem in a series of other diseases, especially such as diseases of the heart, blood vessels, hypertension, thrombophlebitis? After all, any increase in the intensity of the load, which is accompanied by strength training, can lead to a deterioration and exacerbation of the disease? And thirdly, how correct is it to associate back pain with the magnitude of the load exerted by physical exercises on the body?

Let's try to understand this problem and consider it from different angles.
First of all, you need to know what causes pain, or, as they say in medicine, etiology. The fact is that back pain can be both a consequence of osteochondrosis, intervertebral hernias, diseases of the joints of the spine, inflammation in the muscles and tendons, tumors, and a consequence of problems of internal organs: the heart, kidneys, etc. This list can be continued further, more In addition, in some cases, the localization of pain is perceived by people in the same way, but the root cause of its origin can vary significantly. Therefore, the conclusion is the first one: an accurate diagnosis of a specialist doctor is the basis for choosing the means and methods of physical activity.
One of the most common problems of the spine in the age of high-speed Internet and space tourism is osteochondrosis. Scientific works and publications of scientists are replete with statistical data that almost every person after 30 years of age has osteochondrosis, not to mention professional athletes who, in pursuit of results, subject their musculoskeletal system to colossal tests, as a result of which they easily part with part of their health, changing it to medals, titles and diplomas.
Osteochondrosis - a disease of the spine, accompanied by structural changes in the intervertebral cartilage and vertebral bodies, followed by the formation of bone growths (osteophytes). Subsequently, the bone outgrowths, increasing in size, cause narrowing (stenosis) of the intervertebral canal and begin to exert pressure on the nerve roots, which increases when the vertebrae are displaced relative to their anatomical position (Fig. 2.).

Rice. 2 Stenosis of the intervertebral canal due to the growth of osteophytes

It is at the moments when even a slight but sharp displacement of the vertebra occurs, the pressure on the nerve roots of the spinal cord increases, which, apparently, was not provided by the "creator", since any compression of the cells of the nervous system (neurons) is regarded by the body as possible " threat to biological integrity," and he is naturally forced to defend himself reflexively. An effective method that the human body uses to quickly limit movement in any joint is pain. According to the definition of physiologists, pain is a psychophysiological state of a person, reflecting the most important integrative function of the body, which mobilizes various systems of its protection from the effects of a damaging factor (Anokhin P.K., Orlov N.V., Erokhin L.G., 1976).
Mild pain is a signal that some "detail" in the body is malfunctioning. Sharp, sharp pain is no longer a signal, but informing that the “detail” is close to a serious “breakage”, or, even worse, has already “broken”. And the more this kind of "breakdown", the, naturally, the pain is stronger and more palpable.
Thus, we will draw the second conclusion: pain is a signal that not everything is in order in the body, and constant, not passing pain is a reason to see a doctor. Another effective way the body uses to prevent further displacement of the vertebrae is by spasm of the paravertebral muscles, which creates a natural mobilization around the vertebrae.
This leads to the third conclusion: increased muscle tone around the spine is a sign of a violation of the anatomical position of the spinal segments and a harbinger of damage, the next signal may be pain.
So, from the foregoing, it follows that a change in the anatomical position of the vertebrae can cause an increase in compression of the nerve roots by osteophytes formed as a result of osteochondrosis, and, accordingly, cause pain in the back, in the muscles and organs that are innervated by this root, the so-called pain of a neurological nature.
Therefore, ensuring the anatomical position of the vertebrae (stabilization) in everyday, labor and sports and recreational activities is a necessary condition for the normal functioning of the whole organism as a whole and the key to the absence of an exacerbation of the disease.
I would like to note that the process of rehabilitation of a person with diseases or injuries implies not only the maximum restoration of the anatomical integrity and functions of systems and organs, but also the restoration of the quality of life. Moreover, in situations where it is not possible to completely restore the structure and functions, conservative means and methods aimed at minimizing the factors that contribute to repeated exacerbations of the disease and aggravation of the problem come to the fore. Abroad, a system called "School of the back" has long been spread, the participants of which receive the skills of everyday motor activity in the conditions of existing problems of the spine.
Thus, the problem of motor activity in general, and the necessary physical exercises in particular, in osteochondrosis should be looked at from the following positions:

Motor activity and physical exercises should contribute to maintaining the normal level of functioning of all body systems for the full implementation of life tasks facing a person within his household, labor, sports activities, i.e. his society. What are aerobic and strength training, stretching, etc. traditionally used for? However, when implementing these programs, a number of rules must be taken into account:

During physical activity, it is necessary to limit or exclude shock loads on the spine, such as running, jumping, etc., since the repeated impact force on the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc will squeeze it to the side, which, under conditions of degenerative changes in the intervertebral cartilage itself, can lead to to protrusions and intervertebral hernias.
For the same reason, when performing physical exercises, it is necessary to limit or exclude - depending on the condition of the spine - axial loads on the spine of more than 3 kg, for which the initial positions lying, sitting, reclining on an inclined surface, exercising in water, etc. are used.
During exercises aimed at developing mobility in the joints, it is necessary to limit excessive flexion, extension and stretching of the spine, since such exercises (bridge, plow, free hanging on the crossbar, etc.) contribute to the stretching of the paravertebral ligaments and, as a result, destabilization of the vertebrae relative to each other.

In the case of an existing pain syndrome, the exercise program should include a number of special exercises developed strictly individually and aimed at eliminating the consequences of nerve root compression. For example, post-isometric relaxation of spasmodic muscles, unloading and stretching of the spine on special devices, reflex-segmental massage, which improves the trophism of tissues and organs innervated by this root.
Teaching a person the skills to stabilize the spine in the face of external and internal forces that can lead to displacement of the vertebrae, increased compression on the nerve roots and, consequently, the appearance or increase in pain.

Based on the foregoing, we can conclude that a person who "spares" his back, instead of improving the quality of life, on the contrary, reduces it, acquiring poor blood supply to the muscles surrounding the spine, reducing their functionality, etc. On the other hand, the training of the superficial flexor and extensor muscles during their "pumping" is of an amplitude nature, which will also exacerbate the problem, since such movements are not possible without displacement of the vertebrae. Where is the solution to the problem?
In the formation and consolidation of the skill of stabilizing the anatomical position of the spine by improving intermuscular coordination, with its subsequent transfer to motor activity in everyday life, work, sports.

Testing
In order to understand what stabilization skill is, try doing a test to assess the skill of spinal stabilization under isometric tension.
To do this, lie on your back with your knees bent at a 90-degree angle. Place your feet on the floor at shoulder width. Hands lie on the floor along the torso. Place a double-folded cuff of a conventional mechanical blood pressure monitor under the lower back (Fig. 3 A).

Evaluation of the skill of stabilization of the spine during isometric tension

Rice. 3 A

Inflate the pillow to 40 mmHg. Art. and as you exhale, tighten the muscles of the whole body with an intensity of 60-80% of the maximum possible, gradually increasing the tension. The criterion for achieving tension over 60-80% is holding the breath.
Preservation of pressure in the pillow in the range of 30-50 mm Hg. during tension, indicates the presence of the skill of stabilizing the spine (Fig. 3 B)

Rice. 3 B

If there was an increase in pressure on the pillow, which was expressed in the displacement of the pressure gauge needle to a greater value from 40 mm Hg. Art. side, this means that during the tension there was a flattening of the lumbar lordosis. In this case, we can talk about the presence of functional muscle asymmetry due to the lack of intermuscular coordination between the rectus abdominis muscle and the extensor muscles of the spine or due to a reduced tone of the extensor muscles of the spine (Fig. 3B).

Rice. 3 V

If there was a decrease in pressure on the pillow, which was expressed in the displacement of the pressure gauge needle to a lower value from 40 mm Hg. Art. side, this means that there was an increase in lumbar lordosis. In this case, we can talk about the presence of functional muscle asymmetry due to the lack of intermuscular coordination between the rectus abdominis muscle and the extensor muscles of the spine or due to a reduced tone of the rectus abdominis muscle (Fig. 3D).

Rice. 3 G

After that, try to repeat the test with the pressure gauge control. If you manage to keep the pressure within 30-50 mm Hg. with visual control of the pressure gauge dial, this means: you have the so-called “skill” of spinal stabilization, the presence of which will significantly reduce the time to acquire the stabilization skill.
How important is it? The fact is that when a situation arises when there is a simultaneous isometric tension of the muscles of the secondary stabilizers, for example, when trying to maintain balance on a slippery surface, the lack of intermuscular coordination will not allow maintaining the physiological curves and individual segments of the spine in the anatomical position, which is ensured in the presence of neurological diseases of the spine, as mentioned earlier, is an important factor for ensuring the quality of life and preventing exacerbation of the disease.
Of course, stabilization exercises will not cure osteochondrosis, as, indeed, other physiotherapeutic agents, but they will make it possible to fully live and enjoy the opportunity to move.

In people leading an active physical lifestyle, it provokes many questions that are associated with the course of this disease.

Most often, you can hear questions about how dangerous this disease is and whether it can indulge others, what to do if you have hepatitis C, is physical activity acceptable in this condition?

Is it possible to play sports with hepatitis C

No one claims that hepatitis C is not compatible with sports. However, the prolongation of sports activities by a person who has become ill with this disease cannot be accepted by the patient himself.

Even if hepatitis C was detected by chance, when a person underwent a routine preventive examination, the patient does not complain about his health and the symptoms of the disease did not make themselves felt, the process of damage to the liver, and maybe other organs, has already started. That is, the patient still needs to limit some habits in her life.

If you follow certain rules, then playing sports, even in the presence of such a complex disease as viral hepatitis C, is still acceptable.

Initially, the patient needs to choose a set of optimal physical exercises. It may be necessary to change the intensity of training, or choose a different sport. It is also necessary to make a list, which will include all the dangerous loads for the body. They must be excluded from the rhythm of life of a patient who has been diagnosed with hepatitis C.

Optimal exercise for hepatitis C

the degree of activity of the virus;
the severity of the disease;
type of hepatitis
the patient's well-being.

After these indicators are studied, the patient may be allowed to play tennis, basketball, volleyball. It is also allowed to go to the pool, but swim only in freestyle.

In addition to the training allowed by the doctor, patients who have been diagnosed with hepatitis C are recommended to do gymnastics according to Leporsky. Its essence is to create conditions for the normal passage of bile so that it does not stagnate.

This complex is not difficult, it will take only 5 minutes to complete it, the number of executions is twice a day.

Although it was noted that sports are not prohibited for people with a disease such as hepatitis C, it should be noted that there are certain restrictions for certain types of sports activities. It is from them that the patient in any case must refuse, even if there was his favorite sport. So, these are power sports - boxing, weightlifting, as well as other types where the abdominal muscles are expected to work actively or there is a risk of injury to the area of the affected organ.

All the tiring exercises on the machines, very difficult push-ups, pull-ups, the concept of weights can be very dangerous for people with hepatitis C.

With the disease in question, diaphragmatic breathing should not be used, jumping, long running, strong bends to the sides, forward are also prohibited.

As a result, it displays a list of physical activities that patients with hepatitis ESE should exclude:

gymnastics;
Weightlifting;
active and enhanced training in the gym;
some types of athletics;
Horseback Riding;
handball, hockey, football;
acrobatics;
swimming in the butterfly style, as well as in the breaststroke style;
marathon run;
canoeing, kayaking;
wrestling, boxing.

Athletes-bodybuilders who use sports supplements or anabolics should be aware of the fact that these drugs contain hormones that negatively affect the state of the liver, and without it damaged. That is, the use of such a tool will only accelerate the process of destruction of the liver.

conclusions

Of course, the benefits of moderate physical activity for each person are unconditional. However, it is another matter when it comes to people with hepatitis C. In this case, one should not forget that this disease is insidious. This should be remembered not only by doctors of patients, but also by doctors of sports teams who are responsible for the well-being of their subordinates.

You should never risk your own health, because nothing is more important than it. Therefore, hepatitis C and sports can be present at the same time only if the patient adheres to certain restrictions. Only a doctor can give consent for a person to go in for sports, and his consent is justified by laboratory data, the general condition of the patient, and his well-being.

Proper physical activity is the key to forward movement. As you probably know, in order to live long and stay in a sober mind and mobility, you need to lead an active lifestyle, and load yourself moderately with various types of loads so that the body works and does not fall into a stagnant state. Actions should be balanced and appropriate to your current state of health and ability. There is no need to say that torturing yourself is pointless and jumping above your head will not work either. In this regard, the question arises of how to exercise wisely and profitably, so as not to overexert yourself and at the same time have a decent result. It is important to apply proper physical activity, which will benefit you, and not someone else, they should be selected purely individually for each person.
Proper physical activity is when you do it for yourself and pursue a specific goal that you have set for yourself. You should be haunted by a feeling of euphoria and joy from the usefulness of what you are doing. In order to achieve this, it will take some time and self-knowledge. As many trainers and fitness instructors advise, you should first decide on the area of \u200b\u200bloads that you like and are of interest. It is clear that if you like cycling, you are unlikely to be interested in boxing or weightlifting, although there are exceptions. After you have decided on the type of activity, you should ask yourself the question: why am I going to do all this? Pump up muscles, tighten your shape, remove your stomach, increase endurance, achieve a beautiful figure, lose weight, improve your health? Based on these criteria, you can choose the right physical activity for your specific goals, and calculate your future activities in advance.
Now, before starting classes in the chosen field of sports, objectively assess your condition and readiness for training. If you are by nature a fidget and an energetic person, then choose aerobics, sports dancing, aqua or step aerobics. If you are calm and balanced, then you have a direct road to the field of yoga, bodyflex, Nordic walking. If you are overwhelmed with energy and need to throw it out, then pay attention to martial arts and various types of wrestling.
The optimal and correct selected regimen will be with trainings about 3-4 times a week, this will help you stay in good shape and have the desired result. This situation eliminates the creation of unfavorable conditions for training and binding, the area you have previously chosen with your goals brings joy and harmony to your life, making these activities an integral part.
The unspoken rules of proper physical activity are:

regularity of classes (at least 3-4 times a week)
exercises come with a minimum dosage gradually increasing in action and number of approaches
the duration of classes should not exceed 1 hour, take short breaks between classes of 30-40 seconds between sets and exercise changes, this way you will increase your endurance.

Experts have calculated, that a load has a tonic and beneficial effect, which is calculated by the formula: 220 - age, and it is called the number of maximum heartbeats. This approach is a great help.. So, if you are, for example, 48 years old, then subtract 48 from 220 and get 172, this will be the number of maximum heartbeats per minute, which will be useful to you. Consider this factor and count your pulse, it will help you to exercise and train your cardio correctly and purposefully.- the vascular system.