Make a metal ladder. Do-it-yourself metal staircase to the house on the second floor. Step-by-step instruction. Installation of railings and barriers

A metal flight of stairs is a worthy alternative to creaky wooden structures. Let's not lie - working with metal is much more difficult than with wood. But with proper preparation, a self-made design will surprise relatives and friends.

There are at least three types of iron stairs for a private house:

The usual straight stairs that do not take up much space. Especially if you add a landing to the design;
Spiral metal stairs. It is rare, but their use will give originality to any interior;
Stair structures on consoles and stringers.

Straight stairs are the most common

Each of these ladders has its weak and strengths. Below we will deal with them structural features and learn how to assemble them yourself. Perhaps you will create a metal staircase with your own hands, based on the work of designers, or maybe your drawings and sketches will be the basis of the product. In any case, you have an exciting creative process ahead of you and a worthy result.

Regardless of the complexity of the product, work will begin with a preliminary stage. You have to take the necessary measurements, collect and deliver materials and tools to the construction site. You can not do without a theoretical basis - the requirements for flights of stairs can be studied in the relevant SNiPs.

According to requirements building codes it is not recommended to create flights of stairs less than 70 cm wide. For private houses and cottages, dimensions of 1 m are considered optimal. For a person to comfortably climb the stairs, even the height (14-18 cm) and the width of the steps are regulated - 27 cm, this is the size of the legs of an ordinary man. In addition, the slope of the most convenient stairs was calculated experimentally: 25–30°.

The creation of a metal staircase begins with measurements. Roulette is a constant companion of the builder. We need to know the distance between the floor and the ceiling - the length of the structure will depend on it. Taking into account the data obtained, a sketch is drawn on paper, where the number of steps is calculated - we divide the length of the stairs by the height of the tread.

The dimensions of the steps depend on the type of stairs. For example, for screw structures, the recommended step sizes are 10 cm in the narrow part and 40 in the wide part. For turning steps, this value in the center is 20 cm. To design a comfortable staircase, let's turn to the appropriate calculations.

The step height is determined as follows: the leg lift is 1/4 of the step. For an adult, this value is 60–80 cm. That is, the optimal height for a step is 15–20 cm. The width of the tread depends on the size of the foot, it is about 30 cm. Descent or ascent will be comfortable if the foot overlaps the width of the step by 90% t i.e. the optimal step width is the same 30 cm.

A straight flight of stairs is made relatively easily, but still requires the creation of sketches and the development of a welding machine. Beginners are advised to pay attention to inverter devices - they are the most convenient to use. Another of the tools you will need: a grinder, a screwdriver, a drill, a saw, clamps, a tape measure, a marker, drills and self-tapping screws.

At the heart of our first staircase are metal channels, sheet and corrugated iron, profile, corners. Despite the simplicity of the design, the work can be done faster and better if you take care of the calculations and sketches in advance. The quality of a hand-made metal staircase largely depends on them. Drawings generally make life easier if they are at hand.

So, we proceed to the assembly of the structure, it is carried out in several stages:

1. We install the channel on the edge (height 8–10 cm), this is the basis of the whole structure;
2. From the fittings we cut the fillies - the supports of the future steps, their size and number depend on the design of the stairs;
3. We weld fasteners (brackets) to the filly on which the step will rest;
4. We attach the prepared filly supports to the channel by welding. If you mark it in advance, the staircase will be more symmetrical and more convenient. Before the channels take their place, attach them to each other and check the marked marks;
5. Install racks for mounting railings - railings. At the same stage, we mount additional supports under the channel (they can also act as racks);
6. We cut from the corner of the jumper, which will connect the supports on the channels to each other;
7. Using welding, we assemble all prepared stair elements (railings, lintels) into a single whole;
8. The final step of the rough assembly is the coating of the entire structure with a primer.

After assembling the frame, we proceed to install the steps. You can use sheet or corrugated iron - we cut segments of the appropriate width from the canvas. For the home, of course, this option is not suitable. The flight of stairs inside the house, as a rule, is sheathed with wood and other finishing materials(artificial and natural stone).

The frame is installed first.

We attach wooden planks of appropriate sizes to the metal frame. For fixing, use self-tapping screws or bolted connections. Under the bolts, you need to prepare the appropriate holes, and mark the tree. This will make your job easier.

As you can see, you can weld the stairs with your own hands without any problems. To do this, you will need to master the welding machine and learn how to work with drawings. After you get your hand on simple designs, you can move on to more complex options.

With a limited area or when a staircase on a metal frame can ruin the interior of a room, screw structures come to the aid of home owners. Unlike the usual straight flights of stairs, they do not take up much space, and if necessary, they are easy to decorate.

A spiral metal staircase to the second floor can be mounted on stringers, bowstrings or bolts. The simplicity of the latter option has provoked its popularity in cases where the work is done by hand. For such a ladder, beams and supports are not needed - its steps are mounted to the central column with the help of bolts.

Spiral staircases are convenient with a limited area of \u200b\u200bthe room

To make the stairs comfortable, you will have to take a number of measurements. Along with the width, height and depth of the steps, it will be necessary to decide on such an unusual concept as the diameter of the stairs. You can determine this value by multiplying the length of the step by two and adding the diameter of the supporting column to the resulting figures. That is, with a column with a diameter of 5 cm, the dimensions of the stairs will be 105 cm, but for convenience it is better to increase this value to 110–140 cm.

To determine the number of steps, their height and width, you can refer to numerous forums and services, but it is much easier to look into SNiPs - the height of the offense ranges from 15 to 20 cm. the width should be at least 10 cm, and in the wide about 30 cm (not less than 27 cm).

Installation of the central pole. Ideally, this stage is carried out at the stage of building a house, since at the same time the lower end of the column is easy to concrete (recommended depth 40 cm), the upper one is fixed with dowels. Assembly in a built room is more difficult: you need to weld the bases to the top and bottom of the column and then shoot them to the ceiling and floor with dowels.

Having installed the pillar-support, you can proceed with the installation of steps. It is better to use steel (later it can be ennobled with wood, stone or even paintwork).

First of all, the central support column is mounted

Next, we mount an additional supporting support. In this capacity, you can use a pole or an emphasis. In the second case, anchor bolts are used, in the first case, the heel fixed with dowels is welded. We install the pillar so that one of the central steps rests on it. After the additional supports are installed and the steps are welded, we give the structure additional rigidity - we connect the upper and lower steps with each other using jumpers.

Decorating a spiral staircase. You can use stone (castle style), wood (Provence) or get by with metal. In the latter case, you will have to turn to the masters of artistic forging.

The term "kosour" means an inclined beam - the base on which they are mounted stair steps and railing. There are several options for creating such stairs, but one of the simplest and most reliable is the design based on one - the central stringer. Of course, in this case, preliminary calculations and drawings will also be needed, but basic information can be found in open sources. Moreover, the requirements for the width, length and height of the steps almost coincide with the requirements for spiral and straight staircases.

In fact, the installation of stairs on stringers resembles the assembly of a straight flight of stairs:

1. On an inclined pipe (channel) we weld support fillies / scarves - this is the basis for future steps;
2. We attach metal plates to the fixed scarves (the dimensions depend on the dimensions of the steps), if possible, add additional stops to the metal sheet. The best way fastening of metal parts - welding, it will provide an inconspicuous, but reliable fixation;
3. We create a fence - we weld the racks to the metal, on which the railings lie (simple from the corners or forged);
4. We fasten the wooden steps to the supporting metal sheets with the help of bolts.

The slope of the central stringer, as a rule, ranges from 30 to 45 °. Best Option when the creation of a staircase is conceived when designing a house - in this case, the ends of the stringer can be concreted. By the way, this type of flight of stairs is quite common and is often combined with other designs.

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Metal stairs to the second floor in a private house - do-it-yourself making, drawings

A metal flight of stairs is a worthy alternative to creaky wooden structures. Let's not lie - working with metal is much more difficult

Do-it-yourself iron staircase: manufacturing nuances and step-by-step instructions

The unique technological properties of the metal allow you to create iron stairs to the second floor of a wide variety of configurations. Such systems for the home are lightweight, easy to manufacture and look great.

However, metal structures have their own nuances in production. This article will tell about them.

The iron staircase in the house is a solid and reliable design that can serve the owners for decades.

Features of metal stairs

Iron stairs to the second floor of the house according to the manufacturing method can be of two types:

welded;
forged.

Forged designs are openwork, weightless, stylish and very beautiful. For their manufacture, a special forging technique is used.

According to their design, products are divided into:

marching;
screw;
curvilinear.

Only true professionals with artistic taste can make such a screw structure with forging elements.

According to the design features, metal stairs for the house are:

on stringers;
on the casing pipe;
on the pains;
folding;
combined.

Metal ladder systems can be very diverse in form and style.

Iron stairs: production nuances

If you have certain skills in working with a welding machine and grinder, then you may well master all the nuances of manufacturing such systems.

The production process itself metal structures has similarities with the process of manufacturing ladder systems from reinforced concrete or wood.

When making a metal system, the master must take into account many specific nuances.

Main settings

When erecting metal stairs, the generally accepted standards for these products are used:

iron stairs in width should not be less than 90 cm;
the height of the steps is selected about 15-18 cm;
the depth of the steps is an average of 35 cm;
assembly slope - at the level of 30-35 °.

It is necessary to measure and calculate the main parameters of an iron staircase very seriously and carefully.

Design nuances

Ready-made drawings of iron ladder systems today can be easily found on the Internet, you can also order from a professional designer (drafter) or draw it yourself, using knowledge of geometry from the school curriculum.

When designing and sketching a drawing of a future system, it is necessary to take into account all structural elements and indicate their dimensions.

Which system to choose

For the manufacture of a metal staircase for a house with your own hands, the following types are suitable:

On one kosour - such assemblies involve the installation of a channel or an I-beam and further fastening of stair steps on it.
On several stringers - in this case, specialized support beams are installed that perform the function of a frame.
On bolts - that is, on bolts of a special type, which are used to fasten the steps to the wall surface.
On bowstrings - this design is installed between the supporting decks (strings).

For self-production, it is best to choose a system on stringers

We make an iron staircase with our own hands

For the hand-made manufacture of a metal staircase, the marching straight type is most suitable. If you are a professional welder and you have some experience, then you can make a more complex system - for example, with gaps and several turns.

Having decided on the type of staircase, making its design sketch, you can proceed with the installation of the structure

Design of a straight single-march structure

The design of a straight iron staircase with one march is as follows:

We measure the distance between the floor of the first and second floors - we get the height of the march.
We determine the distance between the beginning and the end of the structure - this will be the length of the march.
We calculate the number of steps, not forgetting the recommended height (for a ladder 4.7 meters long, the number of steps will be 14-15).

In the design process, it is necessary to take into account all existing generally accepted standards

Simple calculations provided us with the opportunity to obtain the basic geometric characteristics of the iron staircase.

The process of manufacturing stairs with two stringers

So, for the manufacture of stringers, we need a square profile pipe. Iron corners are used as a support for the steps. The risers and the steps themselves will be made of steel in sheets 4 mm wide.

The most common and easy-to-manufacture ladder system is the stringer construction.

Required Tools

To install the ladder structure with your own hands, you should have the following tools:

Bulgarian;
welding machine;
drill;
Grinder;
electric drill;
hacksaw for metal;
roulette;
electrodes.

Before work, you need to prepare everything necessary tools and appliances

Installation of an iron staircase: step by step instructions

The whole process of building a structure is carried out in several steps:

We cut steel blanks in accordance with the design drawing.
We make knots for fixing steps - filly.
We weld corners.
We install stringers.
We fasten the steps to the frame.
We install the fence.
We sand the stairs, primer and paint.

Before starting welding work on the installation of a metal staircase, a detailed plan for the upcoming work should be drawn up.

At the initial stage of work, it is important to take into account such a nuance - filly for fastening should be made with great care, they should be the same size without distortions and inaccuracies. They are cut out of a metal corner.

For a design of 14 steps, 14 pairs of fillies must be made. Between them it is necessary to install fasteners to which the degrees will be fixed.

Next, we mark the square pipe (along its edge) and fasten it (we use welding) to the filly stringer. Now we attach the second kosour to the first and “copy” the markup. We weld the 2nd kosour with fillies, referring to the level.

The installation of the iron ladder system must be carried out in compliance with all precautions and safety measures for working with the welding machine

The next step is to attach the stringers to the support platform and the support post (the latter is attached with anchor bolts to the interfloor ceiling). We weld steps to the mares. Then we weld the fencing on the side of the structure.

The final step is to grind all burrs and seams, treat the plane of iron parts with a primer and paint the entire system.

Steps from natural wood, thus obtaining the combined system
Another constructive and stylistic solution may be the use of steps made of special glass or heavy-duty plastic.

If you do not have the skills of a welder and you cannot afford to manufacture a metal staircase on your own, then you have a great way out - at any time you can order a finished metal structure in our online store at an affordable price.

Photos and cost of some stylish and beautiful stairs from the manufacturer are given below.

Ladder from the “Solo” series on a metal frame has a price 70 800 rubles
Modern metal structure has a modern and stylish look, its cost 115 800 rubles
Designs from model range Elegant will cost you only 51 thousand rubles

Iron welded staircase to the second floor for a private country house: what types are there, the nuances of manufacturing and installing a metal structure, a lot of photos and videos

How to make a metal staircase for a private house to the second floor with your own hands: the nuances and features of the iron structure and its installation on photo and video

Stairs to the second floor on a metal frame: beauty, elegance, ease of installation

Stairs to the second floor on a metal frame are becoming increasingly popular with owners of two-story cottages. Thanks to the achievements modern technologies and development design solutions, such designs are able to combine various materials. In most cases, these are combinations of wood and metal. But more and more often glass and tile, porcelain stoneware and stone coexist in the configuration of stairs on a metal frame. The possibility of combining a variety of materials in such staircases is endless. Stairs look creative and at the same time have all the qualities necessary for safe ascent and descent.

Stylish combination of metal, glass and natural wood in the design of the stairs

Stairs to the second floor on a metal frame: the advantages of structures

The relevance of stairs to the second floor on a metal frame is explained by high strength and the ability to combine a wide variety of materials. The construction on a metal frame is the second most used in private houses and cottages after wooden ladder systems.

Stairs made of metal and tempered glass look light and airy, but are reliable and comfortable to use.

The main advantages of stairs on a metal frame include:

relatively simple manufacturing process;
reliability and functionality of the ladder system - properly designed ladders can withstand quite significant loads;
strength of knots when splicing by welding of load-bearing elements;
opportunity to apply different kinds metal: pipes, reinforcing steel, channels, I-beams, angles and others;

A wall-mounted metal staircase is fenced with a decorative curtain made of metal rod with shelves for decor

the ability to combine materials and form the most various designs stairs;
no squeaks during operation, durability of systems;
the possibility of manufacturing simple structures of metal stairs to the second floor with their own hands.

A variety of shapes and models convincingly demonstrates the photo of stairs on metal frames.

Independent production of stairs on a metal frame is possible if the design is simple and there are skills in working with a welding machine and metal.

The correct calculation of the stairs is a guarantee of its convenient and safe operation.

Types of metal stairs to the second floor. Photo models of various designs

Stairs to the second floor made of metal (photo various models are simply unique) can be straight and curved, spiral and elliptical. Depending on the coating, they are glossy, matte, gilded, etc. The variety of shapes and combinations of materials allows them to be used in various styles design.

According to the method of application, configuration and other various parameters, they are divided into types:

outdoor(auxiliary) - such structures include stairs to the attic, fire escapes, ladders, stairs for basements, pools, as well as staircase systems connecting two floors from the outside of the house.
Internal- ladder structures installed permanently inside the premises and connecting different levels of the premises. Such stairs are rightfully the central element of the decor of the room.

Stylish stainless steel stairs fit well into modern interior

According to the manufacturing method, welded and forged ladder systems are distinguished. Independent production of metal stairs to the second floor in a private house by welding is relatively the easy way. The disadvantage of this method is that welding is considered rough work, and the resulting product may not have a very aesthetic appearance. However, many craftsmen beat the places of welding, giving them decorative effect.

Forged stairs are made by forging metal. Not everyone can make such stairs. But even if the design has only a forged railing for the stairs (the photo confirms this), this is enough to give it a unique elegant look.

Forged railings give the stairs beauty and originality

According to the device, metal stairs are solid (fixed) and prefabricated. One-piece structures are installed permanently from sections interconnected. Collapsible ladders have a set of typesetting parts and elements. Independent installation of such stairs is quite a feasible process.

Types of metal frame structures for stairs

According to the design of the metal frame, the stairs are classified:

marching constructions - consist of one or more marches. Depending on the location of the room, marches can be straight and rotary. In turn, stairs with a turn come with a connection of marches through the platform or using turning (winder, radius) steps. For self-production, a more acceptable option is a staircase with a platform. It is quite difficult to equip a metal staircase to the second floor with a turn of 90 and 180 degrees with your own hands. This will require precise design and clear calculation. However, such systems look spectacular and significantly save space;

Metal spiral staircases are compact and elegant

screw(spiral) ladder systems. These stairs are distinguished by the fact that the steps are arranged in a circle, due to the fact that one end of the step is wider than the second. The bearing element is a pillar or column, around which the steps are mounted. Their advantage is that with the same step length, they take much less space, in comparison with marching counterparts. Making spiral staircases from metal with your own hands (their drawings and diagrams are complex) is a rather time-consuming process in technical terms, requiring the necessary stock of knowledge and experience.

The supporting frame made of metal can be made in several versions:

Kosour bearing frame. With this method of arrangement, the frame is a kind of support for the stairs. Such a system of stairs is durable and reliable. The number of supporting stringers depends on the design of the stairs and the expected load.

Combined stairs on metal stringers can withstand quite heavy loads

Helpful advice! If the length of the steps of the stairs is large enough, frame structures containing two stringer beams are used.

Strut bearing beam. In this design, the steps are inserted into special grooves in the beam and their ends are not visible from the side. Designs on bowstrings look more massive than models on stringers.

Metal stairs on the rails. Here the supporting element is the wall itself. Steps are attached to it with metal fasteners. Such designs look as if suspended in the air, they are light and elegant. There are models based on the wall and on the kosour or bowstring.

To get acquainted with the types of structures on the Internet, there are many photos of stairs to the second floor made of metal.

metal staircase on bowstrings of raw metal

Forms of railings for stairs made of metal. Photo examples of handrails and railings

For the purpose of safe movement, the structures of stairs on a metal frame are equipped with railings and handrails.

Helpful advice! If the staircase has more than three steps, it must be completed with handrails or railings. It corresponds technical requirements put forward for operation of stairs.

Metal handrails for stairs can be of various shapes and colors. In this sense, manufacturers offer the widest range that allows you to choose elements for stairs in rooms of any design. In addition to the safety function, they also carry an aesthetic component, giving completeness to the staircase ensemble.

To add aesthetics and additional security to the design of the stairs, the handrails can be decorated with a cord.

Stainless steel handrails for stairs on a metal frame have gained wide popularity. Stainless steel railings are versatile in operation, do not require special care. They need to be wiped from time to time with a napkin dipped in a special composition to give shine. At the point of sale and on the websites of manufacturers, a huge selection of accessories for stainless steel railings is offered.

Handrails and railings for stairs made of metal (photos and prices are indicated in the price lists) can be ordered in any type and shape, according to individual preferences. The price of stainless steel products will be higher than for handrails made of wood or plastic, but this will more than pay off with the reliability and durability of steel railings.

Staircase with stainless steel frame and stone steps

Forged railings for stairs in the house (the photo illustrates this) are distinguished by sophistication and, at the same time, complexity in manufacturing. Manufacturing process forged products - artistic forging. Any variations and styles of manufacturing forged railings are possible, from openwork to dense and massive. The disadvantage of forged fences is their relatively high price.

Do-it-yourself railings for stairs made of metal

For self-manufacturing of metal railings, ferrous metal or steel is used. The main advantages of such railings are reliability and durability. If the products are properly processed, then they turn out to be quite beautiful. To obtain steel railings of the required shape, a metal bending method called cold is used.

Metal handrails are made by welding

For the manufacture of iron railings, two types of welding are used: semi-automatic and argon-arc. In the first variant, a lot of splashes are observed during operation. The second option eliminates this moment and with argon-arc welding, the butt joint turns out to be more even and accurate, it lends itself well to cleaning and polishing. Welded iron railings are vulnerable to corrosion and require paint treatment.

Do-it-yourself wooden staircase to the second floor with a 90-degree turn: calculation and installation. Types of turning stairs. Materials and tools for manufacturing. Calculation and installation of a turntable.

Available photos of railings from profile pipe will help you choose the right option for you.

The balustrade and handrails of the stairs are equipped with a metal pipe

Making a staircase from a profile pipe to the second floor with your own hands

For the manufacture of stairs on a metal frame, profile pipes with section dimensions of 40x60 mm are used, which will provide the structure with sufficient strength.

There are two methods for assembling the frame. It is possible to make the entire frame outside the installation site and then transfer it directly to the place where the stairs will be located. This method may not always be suitable, since the design is quite heavy and you will have to resort to the help of special mechanisms. Yes and finished construction may not fit into existing openings.

Installation of a prefabricated modular staircase is easy to do on your own

cutting blanks

Work begins with the choice of the design of the stairs: in this case, it will be a stringer design. A staircase scheme is being developed with all the necessary dimensions and taking into account the location of the rotary steps. The scheme will be needed throughout the entire time of manufacture and installation of the stairs.

Scheme of a modular staircase on a spinal stringer

Profile pipes are preliminarily cleaned of scale. In accordance with the scheme, work is being done to prepare the elements required size and quantities.

Helpful advice! If you are faced with the work of manufacturing a metal frame of stairs for the first time, try to number all the cut and finished elements so as not to make a mistake and not spoil the material.

Independent production of stairs on a metal frame is possible if the design is simple and there are skills in working with a welding machine and metal

In order for the work to go faster, it is recommended that you first prepare and cut all the elements, and then proceed to welding. But the gradual cutting in the course of the work allows you to allow less mistakes. You choose. The cutting of pipes is carried out with the maintenance of all angles.

Installation of bearing supports

Once all the elements are cut, the supporting beams of the frame are installed. The number of beams should be equal to the number of stringers. The carrier channel is cut so that it rests with the cut plane against ceiling beam and to the floor. In some cases, a base is prepared and a channel is welded to it.

Spacious stairway with landing

At this stage, an important condition is the correct and parallel installation of channels (if there are several). The correctness of the whole structure will depend on their location. If you plan a rotary system, you must first make the necessary rotation of the carrier beam according to your scheme. If the diagram provides for a structure with a platform, then the ends of the march supports must rest against the platform and be securely fixed.

Blanks for steps

The blanks for the steps are made in the form of a triangle, in which the steps are subsequently laid. To fix these triangles, a spot stitch is used in several places. They check the correct fastening and only after that they are securely fixed by welding to the main frame. Bolts are also used as fasteners.

Marching turning staircase on a metal stringer

When the first blank for the step is ready, a temporary step from the board is laid on it, then all the following “kerchiefs” are gradually mounted.

Making a frame for a 90-degree swivel staircase is much more difficult. The sizes of triangular blanks will be different. Here it is recommended to prepare each element only after the previous one is mounted.

Sometimes, when using a wide channel as a supporting element, instead of triangular blanks for steps, metal supports for them are welded to the base.

Metal frame processing

After installation, they begin to clean the seams. All metal surface carcass: degreasing, applying anti-rust compounds, priming. Next, the metal is covered with paint. If a stainless steel profile was used, processing is not necessary.

Metal staircase in the style of "minimalism"

Steps for stairs can be made of wood or metal. A more exotic option is stone or glass. If a tree acts as steps, the shelves of triangular corners should be at the bottom, if stone or concrete, the shelves go up.

The main advantage of stairs on a metal frame is the ability to combine different materials in a wide variety of combinations. At the same time, stairs on a metal frame are strong, durable and can match any interior style.

Stairs to the second floor in a private house with their own hands. Ladder design diagram

Stairs to the second floor in a private house: photos, types of structures and materials

Stairs in the house to the second floor, photos and design features

Wooden stairs to the second floor, photo options

Spiral staircases to the second floor in a private house: photos, prices for structures

Stairs to the second floor on a metal frame

Stairs to the second floor on a metal frame: types and advantages. Types of frames. Metal railing. Independent production of metal stairs.

A metal staircase fits perfectly into a modern interior, it can be not only durable and massive, but also very beautiful, as in the photo. We tried to describe in detail how to make it with your own hands. For example, a compact version with a 90 degree turn is taken. We will also describe what is needed for this, which metal is better to use.

Metal staircase structures

Metal allows you to create configurations and shapes of almost any kind and complexity. Stairs can lead to the attic, installed in summer cottages or used as central ones leading to living rooms. The ability to equip such structures with forged railings, ornate balusters, massive starting poles and other elements makes their design non-trivial.

Often, metal stairs are lined with various materials. For example, wood, drywall, plastic, etc. Finishing can be only on the side parts or on all, including the flight of stairs. Connectivity needs to be considered. various materials. It is metal that allows open structure, which looks light and airy, but at the same time does not lose strength and reliability. By design features stairs can be divided into:

marching;
screw (spiral);
folding;
rotary.

Options with a turn are characterized by a significant plus - compactness, two of their types are especially common:

with running (turning) steps;
two-march with a platform.

Support structure options are also different. It can be one vertical base, suitable for stairs with winder steps. If there are turntables, supporting elements are often installed under them. In this case, there is no need for additional supports under stringers and bowstrings. There are options without visible supports, when a solid frame is rigidly attached to the floor and ceiling of the second floor. Unusual modern version- stairs on the bolts, when the steps are mounted directly to the wall with special fasteners.

Advice. Modular stairs are specially designed for self-assembly. By choosing this option, it is quite possible to quickly and effortlessly assemble the product as a designer.

Of course, forging metal is very difficult, mastering this technique is not for everyone. But welded structures can be created by hand, even if the master has only little experience in this matter. It is especially important to correctly calculate the parameters of the future stairs. Only in the case of a precisely verified project, the product will turn out to be durable and easy to use.

Bolts metal ladder

Create a stair design

The recommended width of swivel products is at least 70-80 cm, but it is usually not made wider than 1.1 m. Since in this case the possibility of saving space and the very expediency of the rotation device disappear. The average height of the steps should strive for 14-18 cm. So it will be comfortable to climb. It is desirable that the riser has a height of more than 13 cm, otherwise the structure will unnecessarily become heavier. The width of each step is standard, it is slightly larger than the size of the average man's foot, at least 27 cm. The optimal slope of the stairs is 30-35 °.

Advice. It is desirable that the upper tread hangs 3 cm above the lower one. This is the optimal value verified by experts.

You need to start designing by measuring the height from floor to ceiling to calculate the length of the stairs. Then the dimensions are transferred to paper, the number of steps is calculated by dividing the length of the entire structure by the desired tread height.

For the design of winders, certain values \u200b\u200bmust be adhered to. Their depth in the narrowest part should not be less than 10 cm. The wide side does not exceed 40 cm. It is desirable that the middle of the turning steps have a width of more than 23 cm, the minimum value is 20 cm.

Scheme: details of a metal staircase

The staircase will be comfortable if, when subtracting the height of the riser from the depth of the step, you get 12 cm. For safety, the following simple calculation is used: the depth of the step add the height of the riser, the result is 46 cm. you should get a value in the range of 57-64 cm.

Advice. The number of steps must not be even. It is convenient to enter and exit the stairs with the same foot.

Armed with this knowledge, you need to build a drawing, preferably on graph paper. Rectangles of flights of stairs are drawn. There should be 2 of them in the case of a construction with a platform, or 1 if a staircase with winder steps is being built. A line is drawn denoting the middle of the marches. The elements are connected by an arc of a circle. Next, a uniform layout of winder steps is performed.

Installation of a metal staircase

The calculation of the amount of material follows from the project. Since all the parts in the drawing have certain dimensions, it is easy to calculate how much metal profile, sheets, pipes, etc. are required. Metal elements are not light in weight, for this reason it is better to start installation with assistants. Work on the stairs is quite laborious, attention to detail is important.

Important! One kosour in the center can be used only if the width of the steps does not exceed 80 cm. In all other cases, they need one on each side.

For load-bearing beams usually use:

channel;
angle steel;
rectangular pipes.

It is desirable that the channel section be 150 x 200 or 100 x 200 mm. The minimum metal thickness is 8 mm. If the steps are made of metal sheet, its thickness should be 3 mm or more. If they are planned from wood, it optimum thickness 40-50 mm. Most often, turntables are adjacent to the wall; for structural rigidity, the frame is fixed with anchor bolts. They are pre-buried in the wall in the intended places.

Advice. So that over time the wooden steps of a metal staircase creak less, it is better not to fasten them directly, but to do it through thin plywood.

For stringers or bowstrings, a channel or beams with a section of 12-18 mm are used. When mounting stairs on stringers, special ridges are welded (screwed) to the inclined surface, made according to the size of the steps. Next, frames, risers are attached to them, or wooden steps are immediately screwed.

If the staircase is on bowstrings, then corners are attached to the side surfaces, which serve as supports. In this case, the steps can be screwed directly to the walls of the frame. Or they can be welded to a metal frame fitted with jibs and struts.

Part of the welding work, if possible, is carried out on the street. What cannot be done outdoors must be done in a well-ventilated area. Be sure to use a special mask. Details are pre-marked, causing welding spots. First, it is recommended to grab the element a little by welding. Then check the horizontal with a building level, and only then make a strong welding seam. The finished staircase needs mandatory anti-corrosion treatment.

Having at least some welding skills, it is quite possible to independently cope with the manufacture of a metal staircase. With due attention to detail even at the project stage, the result will exceed all expectations. This design is durable and comfortable. Made by hand, it will meet all the most unexpected requirements.

Metal staircase: video

Do-it-yourself metal staircase: photo

Metal is perfect for assembling a variety of stair structures. Against the background of other existing materials, it has good indicators of service life, reliability and load-bearing capacity.

From the material under consideration, it is possible to produce both small-sized stair structures with low weight, and solid stairs of any level of complexity and configuration. A properly assembled metal staircase can organically fit into almost any interior. This design will be appropriate both inside the room and outside it.

An additional advantage is that you can assemble an ordinary metal staircase with your own hands. To do this, just study the recommendations below and do everything in accordance with the instructions.

In terms of structural properties, internal and external metal stairs do not differ significantly from their wooden and concrete counterparts. Before starting work, it is necessary to prepare a staircase project and choose the most rational form of the product.

In accordance with the manufacturing method, metal stairs are divided into welded and forged options. The skill of forging, of course, cannot be quickly mastered, but for the manufacture of a simple welded staircase, a good theoretical base and a couple of practical lessons are enough. However, first you need to choose best option future design.

Types of stairs

Among the most popular homemade stairs are:

stairs with stringers. In this case, the steps are fixed on a kind of metal ridges;
ladders on rails. Frameless system. The steps are attached to bearing wall. For fastening, bolts specially designed for this are used;
ladders on beams. In this case, the basis of the design is represented by bowstrings. Between them risers are fixed and tread, or just tread;
spiral stairs. The design has a spiral appearance and is attached to the bearing central support;
prefabricated stairs. They are assembled from ready-made modules. The assembly process is extremely simple.

Regardless of the type of stairs, it can only be supported on the ceiling. To further increase the overall reliability of the structure, additional support elements can be placed under the landings of the ladder structure.

You can also fix the platforms with consoles, and place the racks discreetly in the wall space.

Often, a separate load-bearing partition made of brick or concrete is erected to accommodate the stairs.

At this point, you have to figure it out on your own, focusing on personal preferences and the recommendations received above.

Combination options

Metal can be combined with almost any finishing materials. It is in perfect harmony with glass, a variety of stone, concrete, as well as wood and brick.

A homemade metal staircase can be equipped with any type of fencing: both ordinary vertical posts and unusual screens made of perforated steel and glass, carved items, elements hand forged, prokids, etc.

Fencing elements can be fastened using bolts or welding to the end of the steps, they can also be installed directly on the steps.

In accordance with the personal preferences of the owner, operational specifics and stylistic features, the supporting part of the metal structure can be supplemented with steps made of corrugated metal, reinforcing steel, concrete, porcelain stoneware and many other materials.

In private houses, metal stairs with wooden steps look the most organic. Outside the house, the staircase may consist entirely of metal. Inside, it is desirable to sheathe the frame with another, more pleasant and familiar material.

Facing ceramics, durable laminate, carpet and other wear-resistant materials can be laid on the steps of the stairs.

Guide for assembling a homemade mid-flight ladder

IN self assembly there is nothing super complicated about a metal staircase. You only need to follow the instructions in everything and thoroughly think through each of your further actions.

Preparation

Before starting work, prepare all the necessary tools for this. First of all, you will need welding machine. Beginners are the fastest to master inverter-type devices - they are the easiest to use. With the appropriate work experience, you can use any other apparatus suitable for welding the metal you are using.

Also prepare mechanical saw, grinder and emery wheel. If you will be making wooden steps, additionally prepare clamps, an electric drill with a set of drills, self-tapping screws, a circular saw.

Prepare in advance project of the future stairs. You can make it yourself, order it from a specialized company, or find suitable drawings in open sources. There are quite a few such sources, so you can easily choose the version of the ladder that is best suited specifically for your situation without any problems.

Scheme of the device of a simple metal staircase: 1 channel. 2 corrugated metal steps. 3 Steel fillies. 4 places of welding. 5 Step brackets.

The simplest metal staircase will be based on a channel with dimensions of 8-10 placed on the edge. If you plan to finish the stairs, prepare your preferred material for this, for example, wooden planks or sheet metal.

The steps of an external staircase are best sheathed with corrugated metal sheets or other non-slip material.

The railings will be made of angle steel. To create supports for the treads, prepare the reinforcement.

First step. Cut the rebar into fillies. These are special support devices placed on the beam. Select the sizes and the required number of fillies in accordance with the conditions project documentation for your stairs.

Second step. To the side of the filly, on which the step will later “lie”, weld the mounting brackets.

Third step. Weld the fillies to the channel mounted on the edge. This will help you pre-prepared markup, made in accordance with the project documentation.

Attach the second channel to the prepared channel-beam with fillies fixed on it and correct the markings if any deviations are found.

For self-assembly of an ordinary staircase with a meter width, a pair of stringers or bowstrings is enough. If the ladder will have more impressive dimensions, equip it with three or big amount support beams.

Fourth step. Assemble all the elements of a homemade metal staircase into a single structure by welding.

Fifth step. Treat the metal with a primer, and after it dries, with a special anti-corrosion compound.

In conclusion, it remains to install the assembled ladder on the supports. Support functions can be performed by racks welded from a channel with high quality, as well as metal corners attached to the support beams by welding.

If you wish, you can give preference to a more complex design of a metal staircase with a bowstring cut from thick sheet metal. Cut according to the project, as accurately and accurately as possible. Otherwise, the assembly order of the stairs will not differ from the assembly of the above design option.

After assembling and installing the structure, proceed to the sheathing of the steps.

Step sheathing

A variety of materials can be used to finish the steps of a metal staircase. IN household such finishing is most often performed using wooden linings.

First step. Mark on the metal steps the locations of future bolt holes or self-tapping screws in increments of 150 mm. The distance between the end edges of the steps and the mounting holes must be at least 20 mm.

Second step. Attach the plywood backing to the treads. Fix the element using a special adhesive, usually sold with the mark “filling effect”. Such glue is remarkable in that it does not wrinkle after hardening. In addition, filling adhesive composition allows you to eliminate various minor flaws that inevitably appear even with the highest quality welding.

Use to fix the substrate simple mounting foam prohibited - this material does not have the necessary resistance to crushing and is very quickly deformed under the influence of mechanical loads.

Third step. Secure the wood tread to the tread with a pair of clamps, and then finally secure it through the pre-prepared mounting holes. In case of using self-tapping screws, place them from below in the underlay. If fastening is carried out with bolts, fix openly.

Complete the sheathing of all steps according to the above diagram.

Thus, there is nothing complicated in self-assembly of the simplest metal staircase. After studying the main provisions of the instructions and learning additional nuances, you can handle all the activities with your own hands. Improve your skills, and very soon you will be able to assemble more complex and aesthetically attractive staircase structures of any size, type and configuration.

Successful work!

Video - Do-it-yourself metal stairs

Metal is perfect for assembling a variety of stair structures. Against the background of other existing materials, it has good indicators of service life, reliability and load-bearing capacity.

Classification of metal stairs

Types of stairs

Among the most popular homemade stairs are:

stairs with stringers. In this case, the steps are fixed on a kind of metal ridges;
ladders on the rails. Frameless system. Steps are attached to the bearing wall. For fastening, bolts specially designed for this are used;
ladders on beams. In this case, the basis of the design is represented by bowstrings. Between them risers are fixed and tread, or just tread;
spiral stairs. The design has a spiral appearance and is attached to the bearing central support;
prefabricated stairs. They are assembled from ready-made modules. The assembly process is extremely simple.

You can also fix the platforms with consoles, and place the racks discreetly in the wall space.

Often, a separate load-bearing partition made of brick or concrete is erected to accommodate the stairs.

At this point, you have to figure it out on your own, focusing on personal preferences and the recommendations received above.

Combination options

Metal can be combined with almost any finishing materials. It is in perfect harmony with glass, a variety of stone, concrete, as well as wood and brick.

A homemade metal staircase can be equipped with any type of fencing: both ordinary vertical posts, and unusual screens made of perforated steel and glass, carved items, hand forged elements, prokida, etc.

Fencing elements can be fastened using bolts or welding to the end of the steps, they can also be installed directly on the steps.

Facing ceramics, durable laminate, carpet and other wear-resistant materials can be laid on the steps of the stairs.

Guide for assembling a homemade mid-flight ladder

There is nothing super complicated in self-assembly of a metal staircase. You only need to follow the instructions in everything and thoroughly think through each of your further actions.

Preparation

Before starting work, prepare all the necessary tools for this. First of all, you will need a welding machine. Beginners are the fastest to master inverter-type devices - they are the easiest to use. With the appropriate work experience, you can use any other apparatus suitable for welding the metal you are using.

Also prepare a power saw, grinder and emery wheel. If you will be making wooden steps, additionally prepare clamps, an electric drill with a set of drills, self-tapping screws, and a circular saw.

Pre-prepare the project of the future stairs. You can make it yourself, order it from a specialized company, or find suitable drawings in open sources. There are quite a few such sources, so you can easily choose the version of the ladder that is best suited specifically for your situation without any problems.

Scheme of the device of a simple metal staircase: 1 channel. 2 corrugated metal steps. 3 Steel fillies. 4 places of welding. 5 Step brackets.

The simplest metal staircase will be based on a channel with dimensions of 8-10 placed on the edge. If you are planning to finish the stairs, prepare your preferred material for this, for example, wooden boards or sheet metal.

The steps of an external staircase are best sheathed with corrugated metal sheets or other non-slip material.

The railings will be made of angle steel. To create supports for the treads, prepare the reinforcement.

First step. Cut the rebar into fillies. These are special support devices placed on the beam. Select the dimensions and the required number of fillies in accordance with the terms of the project documentation for your stairs.

Second step. To the side of the filly, on which the step will later “lie”, weld the mounting brackets.

Third step. Weld the fillies to the channel mounted on the edge. This will help you pre-prepared markup, made in accordance with the project documentation.

Attach the second channel to the prepared channel-beam with fillies fixed on it and correct the markings if any deviations are found.

For self-assembly of an ordinary staircase with a meter width, a pair of stringers or bowstrings is enough. If the staircase will have more impressive dimensions, equip it with three or more support beams.

Fourth step. Assemble all the elements of a homemade metal staircase into a single structure by welding.

Fifth step. Treat the metal with a primer, and after it dries, with a special anti-corrosion compound.

After assembling and installing the structure, proceed to the sheathing of the steps.

Step sheathing

A variety of materials can be used to finish the steps of a metal staircase. In the household, this finish is most often performed using wooden linings.

First step. Mark on the metal steps the locations of future bolt holes or self-tapping screws in increments of 150 mm. The distance between the end edges of the steps and the mounting holes must be at least 20 mm.

Second step. Attach the plywood backing to the treads. Fix the element using a special adhesive, usually sold with the mark “filling effect”. Such glue is remarkable in that it does not wrinkle after hardening. In addition, the filling adhesive composition allows you to eliminate various minor flaws that inevitably appear even with the highest quality welding.

It is forbidden to use simple mounting foam to fix the substrate - this material does not have the necessary resistance to crushing and is very quickly deformed under the influence of mechanical loads.

Third step. Secure the wood tread to the tread with a pair of clamps, and then finally secure it through the pre-prepared mounting holes. In case of using self-tapping screws, place them from below in the underlay. If fastening is carried out with bolts, fix openly.

Complete the sheathing of all steps according to the above diagram.

Successful work!

Video - Do-it-yourself metal stairs

Stairs built in various premises, differ in strength. It all depends on the purpose of the design. In private houses, as a rule, stairs are made of wood. It is reasonable - high costs such a building is not required, you can do it yourself, and the result can turn out to be very pretty. However, many owners like interior metal products. But most novice craftsmen think that it is almost impossible to build such a structure on their own. So, do-it-yourself metal staircase - is it so difficult? Let's figure it out. it is really more difficult to make than a wooden one, whether it is a screw structure or a simpler option. To weld a structure, at least minimal welding experience and some other metalworking skills are required. If we touch on technologies such as forging and casting, then everything is much more complicated. And finished iron and bronze products are more expensive than steel ones. Aluminum in stair structures is used only for railings and railings. Bearing structures are not made of it - this is not feasible from an economic point of view. To obtain the necessary strength of the support beams, it is necessary to increase the size of their sections, which affects the cost of the product.

Which frame to choose

Steel ladder frames are of two types:

open;
closed.

The exposed metal frame, once assembled, will remain visible. This requires accuracy during welding, as well as subsequent cleaning and grinding of seams, painting the entire structure.

The option of a closed frame is simpler - it can not be "ennobled" after assembly, since it will be hidden facing materials. To make it, you only need a channel with corners and the appropriate tools. After welding an open frame, its surface is first primed, and then covered with paint, not limited to one layer.

Marching metal stairs

Marching stair structures can be made either on bowstrings or on stringers. The first option involves fastening the steps with the ends to the inner sides of the bowstrings (support beams). In the case of using not bowstrings, but stringers, the steps are welded on top, and their ends remain open. The latter option is the most durable, therefore, only one kosour is often used as a support, placing it in the middle of the march. But in the manufacture of such a design is more difficult.

String construction

Channels are most often used as support beams. They are attached parallel to each other to the upper beam (interfloor) and the slab located below. The angle of inclination of the structure should be within 20–45 °. The basis of the steps - the corners are welded to the inner sides of the support beams. This must be done according to the level, otherwise the steps will turn out to be uncomfortable for walking. The following parameters are considered optimal: step height - 18 cm, width - 30 cm.

Stringer construction

Creating a structure on stringers will require the use of the same materials as in the manufacture. When using two kosour, they are installed similarly to bowstrings, but not for the entire width of the march. The ends of the steps are not closed by support beams. Supports for steps are made from corners - they are bent at an angle of 90 °, getting the so-called scarves, and welded to the supports. The horizontal position of their position is checked by the building level.

Assembling a metal stringer

There is another option for attaching the steps to the stringers. First, racks are welded to the support beams, equal in height to the height of future steps. From the corners you need to weld quadrangular frames for steps. Then these frames are welded on one side to the uprights, the other to the support beams.

Steps, railings and railings

If the steps are also planned to be made of metal, its thickness must be at least 3 mm. A grooved surface is desirable. Another option to protect yourself and loved ones from slippery steps– use a special coating. These can be rubber or rubber mats, rubber crumb pads, abrasive adhesive tape, aluminum finishing profiles.

Metal steps are attached to the base with metal screws. The option of metal steps is used, as a rule, for street structures. They try to make internal (interfloor) stairs more pleasant for walking - they are equipped with steps made of wood, for example. Wooden steps are also fastened with self-tapping screws.

Metal railings are mounted either with bolts or by welding. The material of the enclosing structure can be reinforcing bars, pipes and other rolled metal products. If metal tubes are used as railings, then their diameter should be in the range of 35–80 mm. As a rule, they are covered with plastic tubes so that the railing is pleasant to the touch. For manufacturing, skills in working with a tool are required.

How to make a spiral staircase

Of particular value is the interfloor spiral staircase also called spiral. Firstly, the spiral staircase looks very attractive, often it is the central element of the interior. A variety of variations of the design of the spiral staircase are possible, so suitable option can be found in almost any interior. Secondly, thanks to the compact design, it is possible to free up a part of the living space that would be occupied if a simple stairway was used. A spiral staircase for manufacturing will require a thick-walled pipe with a diameter of at least 80 mm. It will function B-pillar. Its length is determined by the height of the entire structure. The width of the march (the length of the steps) can be determined based on the diameter of the entire structure. In the case of a small load on the stairs, it is chosen equal to 140 cm. For more intensive use, a diameter of 2 m is suitable.

Important! The upper turn should not be an obstacle when walking along the lower one, so the distance between them should be about 2 m.

To get right vertical position, the installation of the central rack must be carried out using a plumb line and level. In addition, the floor at the installation site must be strong enough to withstand the expected load - the weight of the structure itself and the weight of the people on it.

Steps and sleeves From metal, you can make either the frame of the step, or the entire step. The first option is preferable. The frame is welded from the corners. The shape of the steps is trapezoidal, almost triangular. The middle part should not be narrower than 20 cm. Wood is often used as a cladding. The steps of the future ladder should first be attached to the sleeves. Sleeves are made from a pipe, the diameter of which is slightly larger than the diameter of the B-pillar. The height of the sleeves is selected from the range of 200–260 mm. After the step is welded to the sleeve, the resulting structure can simply be put on the central rack.

Advice! If the diameter of the sleeves is too large and the steps dangle on the rack, then use sealing rings from a pipe of the appropriate diameter. rings are welded to inside sleeves so that the latter fit snugly on the rack.

The rack is attached when all the sleeves with steps are strung on it. Attach to wooden floor easy - using anchor bolts and radial fastening. Installation on a concrete floor will require additional concreting.

Add-ons

If one of the support beams is adjacent to the wall, additional anchoring is used. In general, due to the severity of metal structures, additional supports are often used. They are installed, for example, under inter-span platforms or winder steps. For the same purpose, partitions made of brick or concrete are erected.

The obvious advantage of metal ladder structures is their strength with external elegance. In addition, the metal frame, unlike the wooden one, is devoid of squeaks. To make steps and railings from wood, and the supporting structure from metal is the best option. At the same time, another minus is eliminated from the metal staircase - the “coolness” of the elements. WITH wooden railings using the stairs will be much more pleasant.

The simplest staircase

An attached metal ladder is the easiest option to make. Is being done ladder using welding. To obtain a two-meter structure, you will need supports - two pipes with a diameter of 5-6 cm, as well as 6-7 crossbars - tubes round section 2.5–3 cm and 0.7 m long. Having measured 25 cm from the top of each of the supports, the upper step is welded. Setting aside further by 25 cm, determine the position of the remaining steps, after welding which a lean-to ladder is obtained.

Ready kits

Today, ready-made teams are on sale metal frames. The process of their installation does not involve the use of welding, as well as carrying out such work as grinding, deburring, priming, painting. Everything is ready, it remains only to mount it correctly, for which detailed instructions are attached to such products.

If this is a screw structure, then a brief step-by-step instruction will consist of the following items:

A rack is installed, for this purpose special fasteners are used, with which it is screwed to the floor.
Steps, washers, bushings are mounted on the rack.
All steps rotate to the desired angle. The position of the upper and lower steps is set first.
Additional brackets are mounted - the upper step must be well attached to the ceiling between floors.

Installation of a modular ladder

Metal interfloor and street structures are also made to order. It can be either a spiral staircase or a structure with straight marches. Turning to professionals, you can order, for example, an open version of the frame. Or a simpler supporting structure without finishing. You can just consult with experts before you build a staircase with your own hands. Such advice will be useful even for a person who has great experience in construction matters.