The thickness of the wall of expanded clay concrete blocks with insulation. Optimum wall thickness of expanded clay concrete blocks. Block walls with insulation

One of the most popular building materials is expanded clay concrete. Sex screeds are made from it, walls and partitions are poured with its use.

Most often, blocks are made from this material - individual elements created for the construction of structures.

The thickness of the wall of expanded clay concrete blocks can be different. This parameter depends on the size of the product itself, for what purposes the block is used and on the area in which you use it.

Features of expanded clay concrete blocks and material properties

Expanded clay blocks have good thermal conductivity

Expanded clay is natural material, which is made from carbon clay by firing at high temperatures, resulting in the formation of separate fractions. The smaller the fraction, the higher the value of the material.

The product itself has good thermal conductivity, it is often used to insulate the floors of buildings and frame partitions of walls with it. But most often, with the addition of expanded clay and concrete, blocks are produced that are very popular with both professional builders and ordinary people planning to build their own home.

Expanded clay blocks are denser than concrete structures

They can be created both at specialized enterprises and independently, the main thing is to have the appropriate molds for pouring the product and know the proportions and production technologies. This material has certain characteristics, which can be found in detail in the table below.

The construction of partitions and walls from expanded clay concrete blocks is popularized every day. In addition to the fact that the blocks have good thermal conductivity, they are quite easy to install and have excellent performance properties.

Block structures of a load-bearing wall and various partitions mounted much faster than brick and have a lower cost (in terms of material consumption). Despite the fact that visually, the brick seems to be a more integral product, the density of expanded clay concrete blocks is much higher.

The product in question is most often produced in two types:

partition block;
wall.

Expanded clay concrete block designed for outdoor and bearing walls, is created with a size of 390 x 190 x 188 mm, and a product designed to create partitions between rooms in rooms - 390 x 190 x 90 mm. When purchasing claydite-concrete blocks as a material for the construction of the outer walls of houses and various buildings, one should take into account the fact that it includes all environmentally friendly materials that do not emit harmful impurities.

The choice of masonry for the outer wall of the house

In colder areas, use thicker blocks

Almost every owner, when building his house, is faced with the question: “How thick should I make the outer wall?”, It is not always easy to get an unambiguous answer to it. Since its thickness depends on the masonry that is used in the construction of the structure. Masonry, in turn, is different in different regions of the country, depending on climatic conditions.

Moreover, it is not always outer wall created only from expanded clay blocks. In cold regions of the country, in order to have a minimum wall thickness, combined masonry is used. In addition to blocks, various ( stone wool, polystyrene foam) and brick.

Only after the final choice of the masonry option is it worth starting to calculate the thickness of the expanded clay concrete wall.

The outer masonry should be 40 cm thick

There are certain postulates and rules that should always be taken into account and observed when organizing walls from expanded clay blocks. These include:

when laying out the supporting wall with ordinary ones, the outer masonry must be at least 40 cm thick;
if the premises are lined with large blocks of expanded clay concrete measuring 590 x 290 x 200 mm, then the outer wall is erected 60 cm thick, and the insulation is placed in special gaps.

When choosing and shaping a wall cake, each owner should take into account such a parameter as the coefficient of thermal conductivity. It is present in every building material used for the construction of walls.

How to calculate wall thickness?

The calculation of the thickness of the base depends on the coefficient of thermal conductivity

For self-construction of a structure, little is known , how the outer wall will be built, and from what materials it will be made, each owner should learn how to calculate the thickness of the structure. They can vary significantly depending on the construction site and the parameters of the materials used.

The main parameters for calculating the thickness of the outer walls are the coefficient of thermal conductivity and the coefficient of resistance to heat transfer.

The coefficient of thermal conductivity λ has each material depending on the thickness of the product used. The heat transfer resistance coefficient is denoted as Rreg, and directly depends on the area where the structure will be erected. Each region has its own coefficient, it can be found in various construction documents (SNiPs and GOSTs).

The wall thickness is denoted as δ and equals:

δ= λ * Rreg. For more information on how to lay block walls, see this video:

Our country has certain established practices, which are followed by many builders who build houses from expanded clay concrete blocks. They believe that the walls of this material in the northern regions should be at least 60 cm, in the central - 40-60 cm, and in the southern 20 - 40 cm.

Summing up the written material, it should be said that in order to build a structure, it is necessary to qualitatively calculate all the parameters, including the thickness of the walls of expanded clay concrete.

This material is now used in construction more often than many others, so it is worth "digging" in the literature and finding the required values \u200b\u200bif the goal is to create a reliable and warm home.

Expanded clay concrete is one of the types of concrete. It has recently become widely used in construction works ah: construction of cottages, outbuildings, garages. It is also used to fill the frame for multi-storey buildings that are built of reinforced concrete. This material has become so popular that it is already difficult to imagine a country in which it would not be used by builders. More precisely, prefabricated expanded clay concrete wall blocks are used.

Many who have not yet had time to appreciate the advantages of this material are beginning to notice them. Those who decide to use it for their construction should carefully approach such a characteristic as the thickness of the wall of expanded clay concrete blocks. This is all for a reason, because having studied all the nuances, you will be able to get the most out of this insulation.

The dependence of the thickness on the type of masonry

The thickness of the surface finished with expanded clay concrete block mainly depends on which masonry option you choose. Each option, in turn, depends on weather and climatic conditions. It also takes into account how heavily the building is exploited. When the construction is capital, then not only one block of expanded clay concrete can often be used. In addition, bricks, foam are used. The thickness of the future masonry will depend on what kind of thermal insulation is required for a particular building. Various heat-conducting and moisture-repellent characteristics of the insulation will also be taken into account.

Depending on the choice of masonry, you will calculate the thickness of the walls, which is made with ceramic blocks. Moreover, the outer and inner layer of finishing plaster applied to the wall will be taken into account:

The first option: if the supporting wall is laid out in blocks of 390:190:200 millimeters, then the masonry must be laid with a thickness of 400 millimeters, not counting the layers of internal plaster and insulation that is outside.
The second option: if it consists of blocks measuring 590:290:200 millimeters, then the wall should be exactly 600 millimeters. Insulation in this case is to fill special voids in the blocks between the walls.
Third option: if you decide to use 235:500:200 millimeters, then the wall thickness will be 500 millimeters. Plus, add layers of plaster to the calculations on both sides of the wall.

Influence of thermal conductivity

Scheme of expanded clay concrete block.

In construction work, it is important to calculate the coefficient of thermal conductivity, as it has an impact on the durability of the entire structure. The coefficient is important when calculating the thickness of walls, which consist of expanded clay concrete blocks. Thermal conductivity is a material property that characterizes the process of transferring heat from warm objects to cool ones. Everyone knows this from physics lessons.

Thermal conductivity in the calculations is expressed through a special coefficient. It takes into account the parameters of the bodies between which heat is transferred, the amount of heat, and time. This coefficient shows how much heat can be transferred during one hour from one body to another, which have dimensions of one meter of thickness and one square meter area.

Different characteristics have their own influence on the thermal conductivity of each material. These include the size, type, presence of voids in the material or substance, its chemical composition. Humidity and air temperature also affect this process. For example, low thermal conductivity is observed in porous materials and substances.

For each specific building, its own wall thickness is measured. It varies depending on the purpose of the building. For a residential building, the norm of thickness will be exactly 64 centimeters. It's all spelled out in special building codes and rules. True, some people think differently: that the load-bearing wall of a residential building can be 39 centimeters thick. In fact, such calculations are more suitable for a summer house, country cottage, garage, buildings for household purposes. Can be erected interior finishes wall of this thickness.

Calculation example

Table of reduced heat transfer resistance for various designs walls.

It is very important to make an accurate calculation. It is necessary to take into account the optimal thickness of the walls, which are made of expanded clay concrete blocks. To achieve the result, use a very simple formula consisting of one action.

Builders, in order to solve this formula, must know two quantities. The first thing you need to know is the coefficient of thermal conductivity, which was mentioned earlier. In the formula, it is written through the sign "λ". The second value to be taken into account is the coefficient of resistance to heat transfer. This value depends on many factors, for example, on the weather conditions of the area where the building is located. The area in which the building will then be used is also an important factor. This value in the formula will look like "Rreg". It can be determined by the norms and rules of construction.

The value in the formula that we need to find, namely the thickness of the wall under construction, we denote by the icon "δ". As a result, the formula will look like this:

To give an example, you can calculate the thickness of a wall under construction in the city of Moscow and its region. The Rreg value for this region of the country has already been calculated and officially established in special rules and construction standards. Thus, it is 3-3.1. And you can take any size of the walls as an example, since you will already calculate your own on the spot. The thickness of the block can be completely different. For example, it will be possible to take 0.19 W / (m * ⁰С).

As a result, after solving this formula:

δ \u003d 3 x 0.19 \u003d 0.57 m.

we understand that the thickness of the walls should be 57 centimeters.

So, by calculating a simple formula, you can build such walls near the house to ensure the safety of the building, its stability and durability. Just by performing a simple action, you will build a truly good and reliable home.

The complexity of building a house, cottage or just a building for office space is determined by several factors. Among them - the choice of the project, the development of communication systems, the calculation of the necessary building material and other components, the determination of the type of foundation. The question of the number of external corners of the structure also deserves attention. Creating a project with six or less corners belongs to the category of simple construction work. When building a house with corners, the number of which is six or more, the process will be long-term and time-consuming. A prerequisite for the success of such a project will be the connection to the work of a professional bricklayer.

Laying of expanded clay concrete blocks for walls:

One of the easiest to build will be the laying of expanded clay concrete blocks for a single-layer wall. To create use walls made of expanded clay concrete blocks, foam concrete, ceramics or hollow bricks with insulating material. Some bricks and hollow claydite-concrete blocks must be laid on a heat-saving mixture. Additionally, manufacturers of building materials offer a wide range of special molds that can be used when making crowns and lintels. Incorporating shapes into the walling process makes the job much easier. The undeniable advantage of single-layer walls is the ease of plastering in a proven way. Also, the advantages include high level thermal insulation and fast extrusion of walls. A single-layer wall can be treated with a solution of cement and lime, which significantly reduces the cost of interior decoration.

The next in order of increasing complexity and cost of work is the laying of expanded clay concrete blocks for a two-layer wall. The carrier layer is usually laid out from expanded clay concrete blocks or the same hollow ceramic brick with a thickness of at least twenty or forty centimeters. Outside, a second insulating layer is installed. To do this, use foam or mineral wool. The creation of thermal insulation from the inside is done by laying out a thin layer of the plaster mixture. This process is the most labor intensive. The successful construction of a two-layer wall of expanded clay concrete blocks is ensured by the use of all components from one manufacturer. Only under these conditions can we expect guaranteed good quality and aesthetics of the façade. The main advantages of a two-layer wall include thermal insulation and the absence of thermal bridges.

The laying of expanded clay concrete blocks for a three-layer wall uses proven technologies. The first layer is bearing, laid out from expanded clay concrete blocks or hollow ceramic bricks. External insulation is carried out using facade bricks, stone or clinker bricks. A protective wall with a thickness of at least ten centimeters is being erected. An accurate calculation of the laying of a three-layer wall of expanded clay concrete blocks is required. Especially at the joints of the walls, during the installation of insulation. It is especially important not to miscalculate the air ventilation in the walls of the facade. The beauty of three-layer walls, as well as practicality and technical specifications attract professional builders.

The required thickness of the walls of expanded clay concrete blocks is selected depending on certain factors. The functional purposes of the building, climatic conditions, type of masonry are taken into account. It should also be borne in mind that the thickness of a wall made of expanded clay concrete blocks with no insulation will differ from the dimensions of walls sheathed with insulating building materials.

Expanded clay blocks with a fairly light specific gravity, have good strength characteristics, which allows you to build a building on light type foundation base. Such walls have good sound and heat insulation. The thickness of walls erected from expanded clay concrete elements will depend on such factors:

Under what conditions will the building be used, for example, it will be a residential building or an industrial enterprise.
Climate conditions in the region where the house will be built.
Another important point is the choice of masonry.
The thickness will also determine the properties of moisture resistance and thermal conductivity of insulation materials.
It will be equally important to take into account the layer of finishing materials.

What are the average thicknesses of walls being built in the central regions of the country? For such an area, it will be enough to build walls of expanded clay concrete blocks with a thickness of 40-60 centimeters. If the construction will take place in regions with colder climatic conditions, the walls of expanded clay concrete blocks must be insulated with special building materials. The result should be a wall pie made of expanded clay concrete blocks, insulation and cladding.

Expanded clay walls are of two types - load-bearing, and partitions that do not have a bearing load. Vertical load-bearing structures are under heavy load and serve as a support for the floor and roof. Non-load-bearing partitions help to divide the interior space into rooms. The choice of type of construction depends on the purpose of the walls. External load-bearing structures, also internal walls are load-bearing, the only difference is the lack of need for their insulation.

The thickness of the outer walls without insulation

The thickness of the walls will be determined from the dimensions of the expanded clay concrete panels and the masonry options.

Panels with parameters of 59x29x20 cm are used to build a wall of 60 cm. In this option, you only need to insulate the voids in the panels.
Blocks with dimensions of 39x19x20 cm, the width without insulation will be 40 cm.
Products are 23.5x50x20 cm, then the masonry will have a thickness of 50 cm plus internal and external plaster.

Expanded clay products are corpulent and hollow. The dense type of block has great strength and is suitable for creating a supporting structure.

The thickness of the outer walls with insulation

The width of the wall will depend on the purpose of the building:

During the construction of a warehouse, utility room. Laying is carried out in one layer with a product width of 20 cm. The inner surface layer should be plastered, and the outside surface should be insulated with a ten cm layer of mineral wool, polystyrene foam or expanded polystyrene.
In the case when such a small building as a bath is being built, the laying will be similar to the type of laying of the utility room, the only difference will be that the heat-insulating layer will be 5 cm.
Laying in three layers is carried out directly during the construction of a residential building. In the process of work, a small distance is left between the blocks. The total thickness will be 60 cm, inner part surfaces are covered with plaster, insulation material is laid in the gaps between the panels.

Consider the device of a three-layer masonry with insulating material and a lining of silicate bricks:

A wall is being erected from hollow structural and insulating expanded clay with a width of 19-39 cm;
Produce plastering of the surface inside the room;
A slab of mineral wool or expanded polystyrene is installed, the recommended density is not less than 25. The thickness of the building material will be 4-5 cm;
Fasteners are best used from polymer or metal;
Mandatory construction of a ventilation gap;
Facing brick 1.2 cm.

It is strongly not recommended to build multilayer structures without arranging ventilation gaps. The outer part of the surface serves as a vapor barrier. Condensation forms on the outer surface of the thermal insulation. To avoid the formation of dampness between building materials, and to remove the formation of vapors from the structure, it is necessary to make ventilation gaps.

Partition wall thickness

What thickness should be the walls of expanded clay blocks? Interior panels designed for partitions are produced in the size of 39x19x9 cm.

For example, if a partition wall is used expanded clay concrete block, the density of which is 600 kg / cubic meter, then the optimal thickness will be 18 cm. When using products with a density of 900 kg / cubic meter, it is recommended to use a partition thickness of at least 38 cm, additional finishing is not required.

External walls that carry the load are built from wall panels. Structural blocks are used for the construction of any type of ceiling, there are no restrictions on operational properties. If structural and heat-insulating products are used, in individual cases, installation of an armored belt is provided in the place of the upper rows of masonry and overlap. This technique will allow you to evenly distribute the load.

The thickness of the walls for baths and garages allows the construction of reinforced concrete floor slabs. For such work, special construction equipment is needed.

The thickness of the masonry bearing walls made of expanded clay concrete for 2, 3-storey buildings should be at least 40 centimeters. These are the most suitable dimensions for the construction of external walls, where reinforced concrete floors will be built.

Wall thickness for different regions

The laying of expanded clay blocks for areas where cold climatic conditions occur is carried out in this way:

Build two walls, parallel to each other.
The structure must be connected with reinforcement.
Produce insulation installation.
External and inside the walls are plastered.

When building a house, builders use general rules and rules that state:

in the northern part of the country should be at least 60 cm;
in the central zone from 40 to 60 centimeters;
in the southern regions from 20 to 40 cm.

Calculation example

To calculate the optimal thickness expanded clay concrete walls, need to know functional purpose building. If we take into account the regulations of building codes and regulations, it turns out that the width must be taken into account with the insulation material and be at least 64 centimeters.

Walls with this thickness are suitable for residential premises. For the correct calculation of the consumption of the required building materials, it is necessary to take into account the total indicators of all the walls that will be built in the building with all the partitions and the height of the floor.

All indicators must be multiplied. Also take into account the approximate thickness cement mortar for screeds and seams, it is approximately 15 cm. The number that you need to get is multiplied by the thickness of the wall, and then divided by the volume of expanded clay concrete panels.

As a result, you get the right number of products necessary for the construction of walls. The approximate cost is calculated as follows: the number of blocks is multiplied by the price of 1 product, after which you need to add the cost of purchasing heat-insulating building materials.

Calculation of wall thickness with insulation

Such calculations will differ from the classical formula. Because it is necessary to take into account the resistance to heat transfer of each of the materials separately, then they are added up and compared with standard numbers. For example, the city of Yekaterinburg is taken. The thickness of the walls in the Ural region will be much larger. The calculation of the normalized heat transfer resistance Dd is 6000, to maintain the temperature inside the house equal to 20 degrees C. Calculation formula:

Reg = a? Dd + b = 0.00035 ? 6000 + 1.4 = 3.5

If the thickness of expanded clay concrete walls is 60 cm, with 10 cm of insulating building material added, they will correspond general requirements. By the same principle, various combinations of building elements are calculated.

If you wish, you can save on expanded clay concrete, for this it is recommended to take 40 cm blocks and 1.2 cm insulation for laying.

It is important to ensure proper thermal insulation of the house. This will prevent premature destruction of load-bearing structures and reduce heating costs. There are many products for creating wall fences on the building materials market. All of them have different thermal insulation properties. Further, the question is considered whether it is necessary to insulate expanded clay concrete external walls and how to carry it out.

Characteristics of the material in terms of thermal engineering

The thermal conductivity of a material is highly dependent on its density. Among claydite stones, the following classification can be given:

Comparative characteristics of thermal insulation properties various materials

structural materials - density 1200 - 1800 kg / m3;
structural and heat-insulating - density 500-1000 kg / m3.

The thermal conductivity of structural materials is comparable to ordinary ceramic bricks, therefore, according to thermal engineering, the wall must have a sufficiently large thickness. Structural and heat-insulating types have characteristics similar to "warm" porous ceramics. In this case, the thickness of the walls of the house turns out to be smaller, but for private housing construction it can be further reduced through the use of effective heaters.

Thermal insulation materials

Now manufacturers offer a fairly large range of heat insulators. To protect the walls, you can use:

mineral wool (plates and mats);
Styrofoam;
extruded polystyrene foam (penoplex);
polyurethane foam;
ecowool;
"warm" plaster.

The most common of these methods were mineral wool and expanded polystyrenes (polystyrene and polystyrene foam). Their thermal insulation characteristics are approximately equal.

Thermal engineering calculation

When buying blocks, the manufacturer must always indicate their properties. The calculation is the thickness, for its implementation you will need such a characteristic as thermal conductivity. There are two ways to perform this calculation:

"manually";
using special programs.

Reduced heat transfer resistance of a wall made of expanded clay concrete compared to other materials

It is not difficult to perform an independent calculation, but for a person who does not have a construction education, it can cause difficulties. It is best to use the uncomplicated Teremok program, which works in two modes:

calculation of the thickness of one of the layers of the wall structure;
checking the resistance to heat transfer, if the thickness is already selected.

To work with the software, you will need the following initial data:

thermal conductivity of expanded clay concrete blocks;
block width;
thermal conductivity of the insulation;
insulation thickness (not needed if the program is being used in the first mode).

Having picked up the values, you can start warming the wall of the house.

Work production technology

First of all, you need to determine which side to fix the material. Insulating a wall of expanded clay concrete blocks from the outside is the most competent solution. It is possible to carry out work from the inside, but only if fixing the heat insulator from the outside causes great inconvenience and leads to an increase in labor and financial costs.

The process of protecting the walls with insulation depends on its type. For different materials, the technology has slight differences, so it is worth considering each of them separately.

Scheme of wall insulation from expanded clay concrete blocks with mineral wool

Mineral wool is attached to a pre-installed frame. Work should be done in the following order:

cleaning the surface of the wall;
fixing the vapor barrier;
frame installation;
installation of a heater;
waterproofing;
finishing of the facade with the provision of an air-ventilated layer, at least 5 cm thick.

The layer is needed to drain condensate from the insulation, which loses its properties when wet.

Styrofoam and foam

The fastening of materials is carried out in the same way. The order of the layers is the same as in the previous case, the only difference is that the installation of the frame and the presence of a ventilated layer are not required. Penoplex is resistant to moisture, so you can do without vapor barrier. Fastening outside the wall of a house made of expanded clay concrete blocks is carried out simultaneously in two ways:

on a special glue for polystyrene foam;
on the dowel.

The scheme of wall insulation from expanded clay concrete blocks with expanded polystyrene

First you should cut the sheets, then try them on in size. After that, glue is applied to the material. Styrofoam should be glued with dressing so that there are no extended vertical seams. As soon as gluing is completed, the thermal insulation outside the house is additionally fixed with plastic dowels.