The thickness of the walls of expanded clay concrete according to snip. What determines the thickness of the wall of expanded clay concrete blocks? Partition wall thickness
It is important to ensure proper thermal insulation of the house. This will prevent premature destruction of load-bearing structures and reduce heating costs. On the market building materials Now there are many products for creating wall fences. All of them have different thermal insulation properties. Further, the question is considered whether it is necessary to insulate expanded clay concrete external walls and how to carry it out.
Characteristics of the material in terms of thermal engineering
The thermal conductivity of a material is highly dependent on its density. Among claydite stones, the following classification can be given:
Comparative characteristics of thermal insulation properties various materials
- structural materials - density 1200 - 1800 kg / m3;
- structural and heat-insulating - density 500-1000 kg / m3.
The thermal conductivity of structural materials is comparable to ordinary ceramic bricks, therefore, according to thermal engineering, the wall must have a sufficiently large thickness. Structural and heat-insulating types have characteristics similar to "warm" porous ceramics. In this case, the thickness of the walls of the house turns out to be smaller, but for private housing construction it can be further reduced through the use of effective heaters.
Thermal insulation materials
Now manufacturers offer a fairly large range of heat insulators. To protect the walls, you can use:
- mineral wool (plates and mats);
- Styrofoam;
- extruded polystyrene foam (penoplex);
- polyurethane foam;
- ecowool;
- "warm" plaster.
The most common of these methods were mineral wool and expanded polystyrenes (polystyrene and polystyrene foam). Their thermal insulation characteristics are approximately equal.
Thermal engineering calculation
When buying blocks, the manufacturer must always indicate their properties. The calculation is the thickness, for its implementation you will need such a characteristic as thermal conductivity. There are two ways to perform this calculation:
- "manually";
- using special programs.
Reduced heat transfer resistance of a wall made of expanded clay concrete compared to other materials It is not difficult to perform an independent calculation, but for a person who does not have a construction education, it can cause difficulties. It is best to use the uncomplicated Teremok program, which works in two modes:
- calculation of the thickness of one of the layers of the wall structure;
- checking the resistance to heat transfer, if the thickness is already selected.
To work with the software, you will need the following initial data:
- thermal conductivity of expanded clay concrete blocks;
- block width;
- thermal conductivity of the insulation;
- insulation thickness (not needed if the program is being used in the first mode).
Having picked up the values, you can start warming the wall of the house.
Work production technology
First of all, you need to determine which side to fix the material. Insulating a wall of expanded clay concrete blocks from the outside is the most competent solution. It is possible to carry out work from the inside, but only if fixing the heat insulator from the outside causes great inconvenience and leads to an increase in labor and financial costs.
The process of protecting the walls with insulation depends on its type. For different materials, the technology has slight differences, so it is worth considering each of them separately.
Scheme of wall insulation from expanded clay concrete blocks with mineral wool Mineral wool mounted on a pre-installed frame. Work should be done in the following order:
- cleaning the surface of the wall;
- fixing the vapor barrier;
- frame installation;
- installation of a heater;
- waterproofing;
- finishing of the facade with the provision of an air-ventilated layer, at least 5 cm thick.
The layer is needed to drain condensate from the insulation, which loses its properties when wet.
Styrofoam and foam
The fastening of materials is carried out in the same way. The order of the layers is the same as in the previous case, the only difference is that the installation of the frame and the presence of a ventilated layer are not required. Penoplex is resistant to moisture, so you can do without vapor barrier. Fastening outside the wall of a house made of expanded clay concrete blocks is carried out simultaneously in two ways:
- on a special glue for polystyrene foam;
- on the dowel.
The scheme of wall insulation from expanded clay concrete blocks with expanded polystyrene First you should cut the sheets, then try them on in size. After that, glue is applied to the material. Styrofoam should be glued with dressing so that there are no extended vertical seams. As soon as gluing is completed, the thermal insulation outside the house is additionally fixed with plastic dowels.
Increasingly, in the construction process there is a need to reduce costs and reduce the time of work without sacrificing quality. This has become possible with the use of modern building materials, such as expanded clay concrete blocks.
Composition and production technology
The main raw material in expanded clay concrete is expanded clay of various fractions. In addition to it, the composition includes such elements as cement, sand, water and other additives designed to improve the quality of the material. And as the main filler, pumice or slag gravel, crushed stone, sand are used.
The use of expanded clay in the composition makes the blocks light, and cement gives them the necessary strength.
The production of expanded clay concrete blocks consists of the following steps:
- mixing all ingredients;
- pouring the prepared solution into molds;
- hardening and hardening;
- drying - takes from two days;
- warehousing and preparation for shipment.
Block types
Hollow
corpulent
Depending on the purpose of expanded clay blocks, you need to choose their type correctly. According to the structure, hollow, solid and slotted blocks are distinguished.
Hollow - light, least durable, with low thermal conductivity. Used in the construction of non-residential and low-rise buildings.
Unlike corpulent, hollow blocks:
- lighter in weight and warmer;
- lower cost by approximately 30-40%;
- reduce the load on the foundation;
- simplify work, reduce the cost of funds for the construction of the foundation ( concrete mix the foundation will not require as much as when using full-bodied blocks).
The disadvantage of this type is the inability to use in buildings higher than eight meters. They do not withstand heavy loads, so they are not suitable for high-strength structures. This property cannot be improved in any way, even if best brands concrete.
Solid blocks are the heaviest and most durable. They are usually used for the construction of load-bearing walls, floors and foundations. High strength ensures the durability of buildings. These properties make it possible to use solid expanded clay concrete blocks in the construction of multi-storey residential buildings, industrial buildings, shopping centers, when filling voids and openings in monolithic housing construction.
This type is the most expensive, as it takes the most raw materials to produce them.
Slotted - there are several types: double-slotted, four-slotted and multi-slotted. They have the same properties as the hollow ones. The only difference is that slotted ones are often used as through ones for conducting communication lines.
The difference between blocks by purpose
Wall claydite-concrete blocks
Used for the construction of external walls and foundations. For this, the most durable types of blocks are used - full-bodied. However, if the construction country house or a similar small structure, slotted and hollow ones will do.
In other cases, it is necessary to pay attention not only to the type of expanded clay concrete blocks, but also to the materials from which they were made. The strength of the wall directly depends on the concrete used.
The price of the finished product cannot be lower than the prices of its components. Otherwise, it is possible that low-quality cheap raw materials were used in the production, which is unacceptable in the manufacture of building materials.
The use of expanded clay concrete blocks for the construction of walls reduces the time and cost of building an object. This is due to the price of expanded clay concrete compared to other materials (for example, brick), as well as their size (faster fit).
Partition claydite-concrete blocks
Designed for the construction of internal non-bearing walls and partitions.
The advantages of expanded clay concrete for the construction of partitions include:
- heat preservation and sound insulation;
- environmental friendliness;
- fire resistance - they do not burn and do not emit hazardous substances when heated;
- low hygroscopicity - they practically do not absorb moisture, and this makes it possible to use the material in baths, saunas, pools and bathrooms;
- ease, ease of use - even a non-professional is able to assemble an internal partition.
The disadvantages of using such blocks indoors are:
- their unattractive appearance;
- inaccuracy of geometric shapes;
- high consumption of solution.
According to these indicators, claydite blocks lose to products from other more expensive materials. But shortcomings can be corrected with the right finish. For block walls, it is recommended to use plaster with subsequent painting.
Facing (with a decorative coating)
Products with facing or decorative coating are the most convenient option combination of construction and finishing works. The variety of offers is constantly increasing by manufacturers, which allows you to choose blocks of the desired color and texture.
Facing expanded clay block is both a building and finishing material. A decorative coating is applied to one or both sides. In the process of construction, an originally finished wall is obtained, lined with a multi-colored or textured pattern.
The decorative surface can be smooth, corrugated or with a chipped texture; in color, it is unpainted and colored due to the use of colored cements.
The advantages of using blocks with a decorative coating are the same as when using expanded clay concrete products for internal walls. But to them is added savings in effort, time and money for finishing.
Disadvantages of facing blocks:
What is written about such blocks in GOST
Types and technical requirements for production are reflected in GOST 33126-2014 "Expanded concrete wall blocks". It was adopted in 2014, it reflects the main provisions for production:
- separation of expanded clay blocks by type and purpose,
- composition and quality of materials used in their production;
- the possibility of deviation in color and texture, as well as from standard sizes in width, length, height of the product is established;
- separate grades are distinguished by strength, frost resistance;
- requirements for marking, packaging, transportation of finished products are fixed, the permissible percentage with cracks and other defects for one batch is indicated;
- rules for acceptance of products by the manufacturer, methods of quality control, manufacturer's guarantees.
GOST 33126-2014 is aimed at improving the quality and standardization of expanded clay concrete blocks, as well as protecting the interests of manufacturers, builders, consumers of both the material itself and buildings made from them.
Dimensions and weight of expanded clay concrete blocks
Sizes can be standard or custom. The first dimensions are fixed in GOST, if necessary, they can change. For this, the parameters are reported to the manufacturer in advance. The manufacturer, in turn, indicates in the accompanying documents about the change in dimensions, as well as the conformity of the product to the specifications.
Standard size wall block equal to four bricks. Specifications the following:
- parameters according to GOST are 39x19x18.8 cm;
- strength grade M 50;
- weight 13.5 kg;
The size of the expanded clay concrete block for the construction of partitions is:
- 9x18.8x39 cm;
- 12x18.8x39 cm.
Its weight is below the wall weight due to voids.
Weight and dimensions are their main advantage. Lightness allows in some cases to abandon special equipment and reduce pressure on the foundation. And the large size increases the speed of work.
Characteristics of expanded clay concrete blocks
Thermal insulation properties
Expanded clay concrete has a low thermal conductivity. This suggests that it practically does not transmit heat, that is, it has high thermal insulation characteristics. It is no coincidence that this material is actively used by residents of the Scandinavian countries. So, in the conditions of the Russian climate, it is also indispensable.
The high thermal insulation properties of the blocks are due to the filler - expanded clay concrete and hollowness. It is these porous balls and holes that reduce thermal conductivity.
Vapor permeability and moisture resistance
Expanded clay blocks are characterized by low moisture permeability. This means that the material does not absorb water, which can lead to erosion. This property allows you to use it for outdoor work, as well as for interior decoration of baths, saunas, pools, baths.
Noise isolation
Noise insulation indicators depend on the porosity, voidness, cellularity of the blocks. Expanded clay concrete products for partitions or internal walls are excellent for these requirements. Their standard thickness reaches 9 cm, which provides noise protection up to 50 dB.
Frost resistance
The indicator depends on the weight of the blocks. The higher it is, the more freeze-thaw cycles the material withstands. The average number of such cycles is 200, these are good indicators for wall products.
Strength characteristics
Structural expanded clay concrete is the most durable and dense. Solid blocks of high-quality cement are used even for the construction of foundations and walls of high-rise buildings. It is important to choose the right type of material for its intended purpose and quality. Strength contributes to low moisture absorption, high frost resistance and density.
Environmental friendliness
In terms of its ecological qualities, expanded clay concrete can be compared with wood. Its environmental friendliness is explained by the use of only natural natural materials. The advantage is that the material "breathes", does not burn and does not contain toxic substances.
Unfortunately, with additional finishing, the environmental friendliness and breathability of expanded clay concrete may be lost.
Cons of the material
In addition to the advantages of expanded clay concrete blocks, there are certain disadvantages:
- The exterior may require further cladding.
- When building large structures, it is required to correctly calculate the strength and grade of the material.
- A large number of handicraft industries with products that do not comply with GOSTs and TUs.
- Due to the high porosity of expanded clay concrete, the strength of the blocks is inferior to heavy concrete.
- Wall ventilation is more difficult than in the brick version.
These shortcomings can be minimized by choosing the right type of blocks for construction, which should be purchased only from a reliable manufacturer.
Mortar for expanded clay concrete blocks
The solution must give the walls the necessary strength. Therefore, it is necessary to strictly observe the proportions when mixing it yourself.
The most commonly used mixture is based on cement and sand.
Proportions:
- cement - 1 part (recommended grade M-400 and higher);
- sand - 3 parts;
- water - 0.7 parts.
To prevent delamination of the solution, as well as for ease of preparation, a concrete mixer should be used. For better plasticity, polymer-based plasticizers are added to the mixture. They make it more flexible and durable. The thickness of the seams is reduced to 3-5 mm.
Sometimes, instead of factory additives, washing powder is added or laundry soap. In this case, no one will give a guarantee of quality.
Mounting methods
The laying of blocks occurs in the same way as the laying of bricks.
The following technologies can be used:
- Half block. The design needs an insulating layer due to its small thickness.
- One brick wide. The most common scheme. During laying, alternate spoon and bond levels.
- Well masonry walls of expanded clay concrete blocks. Characteristic is the presence of voids between the layers, which are filled with insulation. This method allows you to keep the heat inside the room.
Insulation of expanded clay concrete blocks outside
Despite good thermal insulation, block walls are recommended to be insulated from the outside. This additionally protects them from the negative effects of the environment.
the best modern material for insulation, mineral and stone wool are considered. It is glued on the outside to the blocks, reinforced with reinforcing mesh, plastered, then painted. This is what the wet facade method looks like.
Installation of expanded clay concrete block is not very complicated. Its styling is possible even for a person who does not have special skills. Blocks made in compliance with the technologies and properly laid will provide the structures with a long operational period, add practicality and strength.
Hello Ruslan.
Today, the construction of normative residential buildings, from the point of view of energy saving in accordance with SNiP Thermal protection of buildings, from expanded clay concrete blocks (CBC) does not make economic sense.
In fact, this material lost its relevance at the end of the last century, when nothing else was used except for solid bricks.
Thermal calculation, as well as a comparison of the costs of building the house you are considering from ceramic blocks Kerakam Kaiman 30 And KBB below.
Undoubtedly, you can build the house you like from expanded clay concrete blocks , but at the same time, you need to understand:
First.
To comply with energy saving standards in accordance with SNiP "Thermal protection of buildings", so as not to heat the street, into the construction of an external wall made of expanded clay concrete blocks
you will need to include insulation, for example, mineral wool insulation. Any insulation is a weak link in the design, because. its warranty period does not exceed 30-35 years, after which it is necessary to open the walls and carry out expensive repairs to replace the insulation.
This is due to two reasons:
- during interaction with oxygen, the binder (phenol-formaldehyde adhesive) is oxidized / destroyed;
- during the operation of the house during the heating season, due to the difference in partial pressures, vapors move from the inside of the house to the outside, surface layer insulation, steam condenses into water, after freezing of which expansion occurs and, accordingly, the integrity of the glued insulation fibers is destroyed, they are simply torn apart.
Second.
The use of expanded clay concrete blocks will lead to a significant increase in the cost of the foundation.
This is because when using expanded clay concrete blocks
thickness bearing wall will be 280mm, they will be supplemented with a layer of thermal insulation of 50mm, a ventilation gap of 40mm and masonry of slotted facing bricks. The total thickness of the outer wall will be 490mm. In case of choosing heat-efficient ceramic blocks Cayman30, insulation is not required. Block thickness Cayman30- 300mm. Between carrier ceramic wall and laying facing bricks, it is necessary to arrange a technological gap of 10 mm, which is filled with mortar during the laying process. The final thickness of the outer ceramic wall will be 430mm.
Under the large thickness of the expanded clay concrete wall, it will also be necessary to bring a large thickness of the foundation tape, the difference in thickness is 0.06 m. Such an increase leads to a significant high costs for concrete, rebar and work.
Third.
Strength grade of expanded clay concrete blocks M35, as a result, when laying expanded clay concrete blocks
mandatory reinforcement will be required in order to give the latter the ability to perceive bending loads. It is also necessary to understand that the basis of strength KBB cement lies, and it works well only for compression and practically does not work for bending. That is why mandatory reinforcement is present as part of the masonry technology. KBB(see photo below). It is also mandatory to reinforce the lower belt for both monolithic and prefabricated floors.
Ceramic block masonry KerakamKaiman30 reinforced only at the corners of the building, per meter in each direction. For reinforcement, a basalt-plastic mesh is used, which is laid in the masonry joint. Labor-intensive covering of reinforcement in the masonry layer is not required.
Masonry mortar during the installation of ceramic blocks is applied only along the horizontal masonry seam. The bricklayer applies the solution immediately to one and a half to two meters of masonry and starts each next block along the groove-ridge. The laying is very fast.
During installation KBB the solution must also be applied to the side surface of the blocks. It is obvious that the speed and laboriousness of masonry with this method of installation will only increase.
Also, for professional masons, sawing ceramic blocks is not a problem. For this purpose, a reciprocating saw is used, with the help of the same saw, and KBB. In each row of the wall, only one block is required to be cut.
To understand the cost of construction from certain materials, you first need to make a heat engineering calculation. It will show the degree of compliance of the selected wall structure with the standard (reduced thermal resistance R r 0 ) for energy saving in accordance with SNiP "Thermal protection of buildings" for the development region. Also, this calculation will show the desired final wall thickness, which means the thickness of each layer of the wall with a multilayer structure. Knowing the thickness of each layer, you can calculate its cost, which means you can calculate the cost of 1 m2 of wall. Foundation costs are also determined by the final thickness of the wall. Only having these cost figures can we say exactly which design option would be preferable. When comparing ceramic blocks Kerakam Kaiman30 And expanded clay concrete blocks We will consider the following structures:
1) Kaiman 30(masonry in one layer, thickness 30 cm) with ceramic facing bricks.
2) KBB(block masonry, thickness 28 cm), a layer of mineral wool insulation 50 mm thick, ceramic facing bricks.
Below is a heat engineering calculation performed according to the methodology described in SNiP "Thermal protection of buildings". As well as the economic justification for the use of the Kerakam Kaiman30 ceramic block when comparing the costs of building the house in question from expanded clay concrete blocks.
Looking ahead, I inform you that the replacement of the block Kaiman30, which meets the requirements of SNiP "Thermal protection of buildings" for the city Domodedovo, on expanded clay concrete blocks will lead to an increase in the cost of building the house in question by 68 864 rubles. You can see the calculation in numbers at the end of this answer.
To begin with, we will determine the required thermal resistance for the external walls of residential buildings for the city of Domodedovo, as well as the thermal resistance created by the structures under consideration.
The ability of a structure to retain heat is determined by such a physical parameter as the thermal resistance of the structure ( R, m 2 *S/W).
Let us determine the degree-day of the heating period, °С ∙ day/year, according to the formula (SNiP "Thermal protection of buildings") for the city Domodedovo.
GSOP = (t in - t out)z out,
Where,
t V- the design temperature of the internal air of the building, ° С, taken when calculating the enclosing structures of the groups of buildings indicated in table 3 (SNiP "Thermal protection of buildings"): according to pos. 1 - by minimum values optimum temperature corresponding buildings in accordance with GOST 30494 (in the range 20
- 22 °С);
t from - average temperature outdoor air, °С during the cold period, for the city of Domodedovo meaning -3,4
°C;
z from- duration, days / year, of the heating period, adopted according to the set of rules for the period with an average daily outdoor temperature of not more than 8 ° C, for the city Domodedovo meaning 212 days.
The value of the required thermal resistance for the external walls of residential buildings is determined by the formula (SNiP "Thermal protection of buildings)
R tr 0 \u003d a * GSOP + b
Where,
R tr 0- required thermal resistance;
a and b- coefficients, the values of which should be taken according to table No. 3 of SNiP "Thermal protection of buildings" for the corresponding groups of buildings, for residential buildings the value A should be taken equal to 0.00035, the value b - 1,4
The formula for calculating the conditional thermal resistance of the considered structure:
R0 = Σ δ n /λ n + 0,158
Where,
Σ
– symbol of summation of layers for multilayer structures;
δ
- layer thickness in meters;
λ
- coefficient of thermal conductivity of the layer material under the condition of operational humidity;
n- layer number (for multilayer structures);
0.158 is a correction factor, which can be taken as a constant for simplicity.
Formula for calculating the reduced thermal resistance.
R r 0 \u003d R 0 x r
Where,
r- coefficient of thermal engineering homogeneity of structures with inhomogeneous sections (joints, heat-conducting inclusions, porches, etc.)
according to standard STO 00044807-001-2006 according to Table No. 8, the value of the coefficient of thermal uniformity r for masonry from large-format hollow porous ceramic stones and gas silicate blocks should be taken equal to 0,98 .
At the same time, I draw your attention to the fact that this coefficient does not take into account the fact that
- we recommend laying with a warm masonry mortar (this significantly eliminates heterogeneity at the joints);
- as connections between the bearing wall and the front masonry, we use not metal, but basalt-plastic connections, which literally conduct heat 100 times less than steel connections (this significantly levels out the inhomogeneities formed due to heat-conducting inclusions);
- window slopes and doorways, according to our project documentation they are additionally insulated with extruded polystyrene foam (which eliminates heterogeneity in places of window and door openings, vestibules).
R r 0 must be greater than or equal to R 0 required.
We determine the operating mode of the building in order to understand what thermal conductivity coefficient λ a or λ in taken when calculating the conditional thermal resistance.
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The procedure for determining the operating mode is described in detail in SNiP "Thermal protection of buildings" . Based on the specified regulatory document, we will follow the step-by-step instructions. 1st step. Let's define hhumidity level of the building region - Domodedovo using Appendix B of SNiP "Thermal protection of buildings". |
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According to the city table Domodedovo located in zone 2 (normal climate). We accept the value 2 - normal climate. 2nd step. According to Table No. 1 of SNiP "Thermal protection of buildings" we determine the humidity regime in the room. At the same time, I draw your attention to the fact that during the heating season, the humidity in the room drops to 15-20%. During the heating season, air humidity must be raised to at least 35-40%. Humidity of 40-50% is considered comfortable for a person. |
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According to Table 1, the humidity regime in the room during the heating period at an air temperature of 12 to 24 degrees and a relative humidity of up to 50% - dry. 3rd step. According to Table No. 2 of SNiP "Thermal protection of buildings" we determine the operating conditions. To do this, we find the intersection of the line with the value of the humidity regime in the room, in our case it is dry, with humidity column for city Domodedovo, as explained earlier, is the value normal. |
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Summary. Here you can see Thermal Conductivity Test Report for Ceramic BlocksKerakam Kaiman 30. |
Consider the masonry of the outer wall, using Kerakam Kaiman30 ceramic blocks, lined with ceramic hollow bricks.  For ceramic block use option Kaiman30 total wall thickness excluding plaster layer 430mm (300mm ceramic block Kerakam Kaiman30+ 10mm technological gap filled with cement-perlite mortar + 120mm face masonry). 1 layer Pos. 3 - warm masonry mortar |
Consider the masonry of the outer wall, using KBB with insulation, lined with ceramic hollow bricks.  For use case KBB total wall thickness excluding plaster layer 490mm (280mm KBB+ 50mm thermal insulation + 40mm ventilation gap + 120mm facing masonry). 1 layer(pos.1) - 20mm thermal insulation cement-perlite plaster (thermal conductivity coefficient 0.18 W / m * C). |
Kaiman30
R 0Cayman30 \u003d 0.020 / 0.18 + 0.300 / 0.094 + 0.01 / 0.12 + 0.12 / 0.45 + 0.158 \u003d 3.81 m 2 *S/W
expanded clay concrete block
R 0KBB \u003d 0.020 / 0.18 + 0.280 / 0.36 + 0.050 / 0.042 + 0.158 \u003d 2.2373 m 2
*S/W
We consider the reduced thermal resistance R r 0 of the structures under consideration.
The design of the external wall in which the block is used Kaiman30
R r 0 Cayman30 =3.81 m 2 *C/W * 0.98 = 3.734 m 2
*S/W
The structure of the outer wall in which expanded clay concrete block
R r 0 kbb\u003d 2.2373 m 2 * C / W * 0.98 \u003d 2.1926 m 2
*S/W
The reduced thermal resistance of the structure using the Caiman30 ceramic block is higher than the required thermal resistance for the city of Domodedovo (3.1363 m 2 *C / W.
The construction with the use of expanded clay concrete block with mineral wool slab insulation, with a thickness of 50 mm, does not comply with SNiP "Thermal Protection of Buildings".
Expanded clay concrete is one of the types of concrete. It has recently become widely used in construction work: construction of cottages, outbuildings, garages. It is also used to fill the frame for multi-storey buildings that are built of reinforced concrete. This material has become so popular that it is already difficult to imagine a country in which it would not be used by builders. More precisely, prefabricated expanded clay concrete wall blocks are used.
Many who have not yet had time to appreciate the advantages of this material are beginning to notice them. Those who decide to use it for their construction should carefully approach such a characteristic as the thickness of the wall of expanded clay concrete blocks. This is all for a reason, because having studied all the nuances, you will be able to get the most out of this insulation.
The dependence of the thickness on the type of masonry
The thickness of the surface finished with expanded clay concrete block mainly depends on which masonry option you choose. Each option, in turn, depends on weather and climatic conditions. It also takes into account how heavily the building is exploited. When the construction is capital, then not only one block of expanded clay concrete can often be used. In addition, bricks, foam are used. The thickness of the future masonry will depend on what kind of thermal insulation is required for a particular building. Various heat-conducting and moisture-repellent characteristics of the insulation will also be taken into account.
Depending on the choice of masonry, you will calculate the thickness of the walls, which is made with ceramic blocks. Moreover, the outer and inner layer of finishing plaster applied to the wall will be taken into account:
- The first option: if the supporting wall is laid out in blocks of 390:190:200 millimeters, then the masonry must be laid with a thickness of 400 millimeters, not counting the layers of internal plaster and insulation that is outside.
- The second option: if it consists of blocks measuring 590:290:200 millimeters, then the wall should be exactly 600 millimeters. Insulation in this case is to fill special voids in the blocks between the walls.
- Third option: if you decide to use 235:500:200 millimeters, then the wall thickness will be 500 millimeters. Plus, add layers of plaster to the calculations on both sides of the wall.
Influence of thermal conductivity
Scheme of expanded clay concrete block. In construction work, it is important to calculate the coefficient of thermal conductivity, as it has an impact on the durability of the entire structure. The coefficient is important when calculating the thickness of walls, which consist of expanded clay concrete blocks. Thermal conductivity is a material property that characterizes the process of transferring heat from warm objects to cool ones. Everyone knows this from physics lessons.
Thermal conductivity in the calculations is expressed through a special coefficient. It takes into account the parameters of the bodies between which heat is transferred, the amount of heat, and time. This coefficient shows how much heat can be transferred during one hour from one body to another, which have dimensions of one meter of thickness and one square meter area.
Different characteristics have their own influence on the thermal conductivity of each material. These include the size, type, presence of voids in the material or substance, its chemical composition. Humidity and air temperature also affect this process. For example, low thermal conductivity is observed in porous materials and substances.
For each specific building, its own wall thickness is measured. It varies depending on the purpose of the building. For a residential building, the norm of thickness will be exactly 64 centimeters. It's all spelled out in special building codes and rules. True, some people think differently: that the load-bearing wall of a residential building can be 39 centimeters thick. In fact, such calculations are more suitable for a summer house, country cottage, garage, buildings for household purposes. Can be erected interior finishes wall of this thickness.
Calculation example
Table of reduced heat transfer resistance for various designs walls. It is very important to make an accurate calculation. It is necessary to take into account the optimal thickness of the walls, which are made of expanded clay concrete blocks. To achieve the result, use a very simple formula consisting of one action.
Builders, in order to solve this formula, must know two quantities. The first thing you need to know is the coefficient of thermal conductivity, which was mentioned earlier. In the formula, it is written through the sign "λ". The second value to be taken into account is the coefficient of resistance to heat transfer. This value depends on many factors, for example, on the weather conditions of the area where the building is located. The area in which the building will then be used is also an important factor. This value in the formula will look like "Rreg". It can be determined by the norms and rules of construction.
The value in the formula that we need to find, namely the thickness of the wall under construction, we denote by the icon "δ". As a result, the formula will look like this:
To give an example, you can calculate the thickness of a wall under construction in the city of Moscow and its region. The Rreg value for this region of the country has already been calculated and officially established in special rules and construction standards. Thus, it is 3-3.1. And you can take any size of the walls as an example, since you will already calculate your own on the spot. The thickness of the block can be completely different. For example, it will be possible to take 0.19 W / (m * ⁰С).
As a result, after solving this formula:
δ \u003d 3 x 0.19 \u003d 0.57 m.
we understand that the thickness of the walls should be 57 centimeters.
So, by calculating a simple formula, you can build such walls near the house to ensure the safety of the building, its stability and durability. Just by performing a simple action, you will build a truly good and reliable home.
The climatic conditions in Russia are very diverse and the thickness of the walls with insulation that is optimal for one region will be redundant or completely insufficient for another. Therefore, calculation formulas are used to determine the wall thickness of expanded clay concrete blocks, and for this it is necessary to know the thermal conductivity of the material.
Thermal conductivity of expanded clay block
In the case of using expanded clay concrete blocks, the thermal conductivity depends on the expanded clay fraction and density. The larger the expanded clay, the lower the thermal conductivity, and the more binder solution used in production, the higher the density:
Calculation of the thickness of expanded clay concrete walls
To determine the wall thickness for a particular region of Russia, it is necessary to know two quantities - the thermal conductivity of a particular type of element used in construction (λ) and the heat transfer resistance index R reg taken on average for the region.
The coefficient R reg was derived empirically based on the weather and climate data of the region. Full table values is in the regulatory documentation SNiP 23-02-2003 "Thermal protection of buildings", partially shown in the table below:
We accept the wall thickness of expanded clay concrete as δ. Then the formula will take the following form:
δ = Rreg × λ
As an example, let's calculate the thickness of a bearing wall made of expanded clay concrete in Novgorod. The heat transfer resistance index for Novgorod (according to the table) is 0.29-3.13, we take 3. We take the maximum thermal conductivity coefficient for the heat-insulating element - 0.19 W / (m × ºС). Substitute the values in the formula:
δ \u003d 3 x 0.19 \u003d 0.57 m
As a result, we get a value of 57 cm - the minimum required size load-bearing structure of a house made of expanded clay concrete, provided that special expanded clay concrete with the maximum insulation effect is used.
The type of masonry depends on the density of the block itself and its design (hollow or solid) - the use of a single or double-walled structure, with or without brick cladding. These indicators are also regulated by SNiP 23-02-2003.
For example, if partitioning expanded clay concrete blocks with a density of 600 kg / m 3 are used, the thickness should be at least 0.18 m, but if this is an external enclosing structure, then finishing the outside with facing bricks is a prerequisite. If products with a density of 900 kg / m 3 are used, then the wall thickness should be at least 0.38 m, but no additional elements finishing is not required.
Varieties of the construction of expanded clay concrete walls and their thickness
Three-layer masonry with the use of insulation and lining of silicate bricks. 
- Wall masonry and from hollow structural and insulating expanded clay concrete blocks;
- Plaster on the inner surface;
- Mineral wool board or polystyrene foam with a density of at least 25;
- ventilation gap;
- Facing brick.
The masonry corresponds to the length of one block, it is performed by tying the elements together. The outer facing layer is erected as thick as a brick, to give the structure the necessary rigidity and stability, fasteners are tied in two rows.
Three-layer masonry with the use of insulation and a partition block as a cladding. 
- Mineral or gypsum plaster;
- Masonry from hollow blocks;
- Thermal insulation, mineral wool or expanded polystyrene;
- Polymer (basalt-plastic) or metal fasteners;
- ventilation gap;
- Masonry from bulk partition blocks of heat-insulating type.
Laying is carried out along the length of one element with horizontal ligation with half or quarter offset. The facade surface of partition boards can be painted or treated with cement-sand plaster to increase the resistance to moisture absorption.
- Internal plaster: gypsum, decorative, cement-sand;
- Solid block masonry;
- Thermal insulation;
- technological gap;
- System of a hinged facade, fastened on a crate;
- Siding.
The construction of multilayer structures is carried out with a mandatory ventilation gap device. The outer layer is a vapor barrier. And the condensation horizon falls on the outer surface of the thermal insulation. In order for the material not to become damp and not lose its main parameters, it is necessary to remove water vapor from the structure.
