Types of water-based paint for interior work. Types and features of water-based paints Technical specification water-based

Water based paint- This is a water-based film-forming material with an emulsion of polymeric components - polyvinyl acetate, styrene-butadiene, polyacrylate and others. Differs in fine operational properties, environmental friendliness and fire safety.

Water-based (water-dispersion) film formers

An emulsion is a two-phase system of immiscible liquids, one of which is continuous, and the other forms a dispersed phase in the form of small inclusions. It is a type of dispersion.

Polymer dispersions are subdivided:

primary or synthetic;
secondary or artificial.

The former are obtained by polymerization of monomers directly in liquid. The second is by dispersing the finished polymer into the liquid phase. Depending on the state of aggregation of the finished polymer, synthetic dispersions are divided into:

emulsions;
suspensions.

Emulsions are formed when using the finished polymer in a liquid state or in the form of a film-forming solution in an organic solvent. Suspensions are formed when using solid oligomers, polymers or finished powder paints; are of limited use.

Emulsion polymerization is used in the chemical industry, including the production of emulsion polymers such as synthetic rubbers and polyvinyl chloride. It can be both aqueous and non-aqueous. In turn, monomers can be either "solid" (vinyl acetate, methyl methacrylate) or "soft" (butyl acrylate), or gaseous (ethylene, vinylidene chloride). Conditionally "hard" and "soft" polymers are subdivided based on the mechanical characteristics of the resulting film. Emulsion polymerization is widely used in the paint and varnish industry.

How coatings are formed based on aqueous dispersions

A film from an aqueous emulsion is formed by its coagulation on the surface to be painted as a result of the removal of water from a rather thin layer of the emulsion. With an increase in the volume content of the dispersed phase in the process of the disappearance of water, a gel-like structure is formed, while the globules "fit" into the most compact structures. In the future, the globules approach each other with a corresponding deformation and an increase in interfacial boundaries. Under a microscope, the resulting structure resembles a honeycomb.

Film formation ends with the disappearance of physical boundaries between the parts of the polymer components due to diffusion through the interglobular space of macromolecular segments, which occurs only with segmental mobility of molecules. Typically, this mobility is provided at a temperature above the glass transition temperature of the polymer. If this condition is not met for standard conditions, the segmental mobility of polymer particles is increased with the help of a variety of additives of solvents (coalescents), plasticizers and softeners.

The ability of aqueous emulsions to form a film is characterized by minimum temperature film formation (MFP), which for most water-dispersion materials is at least 5 °C.

Rheological properties

The viscosity of the dispersion medium is so low that the rheological properties of emulsion paints depend not so much on the type and properties of the polymer component, but on its concentration.

To a large extent, the rheological properties are affected by the particle size of the polymer component. The gel-like structure with small particles has low shear viscosity and high thixotropy, respectively, the paint is well applied, but the brush leaves marks due to poor flow. Emulsions with large particles form too liquid paints, prone to the formation of smudges.

In general, the viscosity of the paint depends on the aqueous medium and is easily controlled by water-soluble thickeners. The size and shape of pigments and fillers affect flow to a lesser extent.

Water-based paint: composition, types of copolymers

The main components of water-dispersion paints and varnishes:

film formers;
pigments;
fillers;
functional additives:
- wetting agents (surfactants);
- pigment stabilizers;
- plasticizers and coalescing solvents;
- acidity regulators, buffer additives;
- defoamers;
- defrosting/freezing stabilizers.

Surfactants provide:

conditions for the polymerization of monomers;
stabilization of the resulting polymer particles.

In emulsion polymerization, anionic and nonionic surfactants are commonly used. During the formation of the coating, the surfactant may prevent the coalescence of polymer particles.

Coalescent additives and plasticizers provide the mobility of molecules in the process of film formation. Unlike plasticizers, coalescing additives evaporate from the film during its formation and the initial period of operation, without affecting the physical and mechanical properties of the coating. In practice, plasticizers and coalescents are used together.

Despite the fact that dispersions can be obtained from almost any polymer materials, in the paint industry are mainly used:

polyvinyl acetate and its copolymers;
styrene-butadiene copolymers;
acrylic copolymers.

Polyvinyl acetate emulsions

The first began to be used in the paint and varnish industry. At room temperature polyvinyl acetate is a fairly "hard" polymer. The necessary flexibility of the film is provided by plasticizing:

external - solvent plasticizers.
internal - copolymerization.

The use of solvent plasticizers is economically unprofitable, the resulting films are not stable enough, most of the solvents are lost during the operation of the film. Improving the performance properties of the resulting film through the use of complex mixtures of several plasticizers is inefficient.

To obtain copolymers, esters of acrylic, fumaric and maleic acids, as well as higher vinyl esters, are mainly used. Copolymerization increases the degree of dispersion of polymers, which reduces the water absorption of the film, the tendency to migration of organic pigments decreases, and the possibility of increasing the content of these pigments in the paint increases.

Styrene-butadiene copolymers

Gained fame during the Second World War as a synthetic rubber, have the elasticity and stickiness characteristic of elastomers. To increase the hardness and resistance of the film, the styrene content in the copolymer is increased to 50...60%.

Styrene-butadiene copolymers are less susceptible to emulsification, inferior in durability and weather resistance to polyvinyl acetate and polyacrylates, and are used exclusively indoors.

Acrylic water-based paint

The high price of acrylic monomers is due to significant production costs and limits the mass use of acrylic paints and varnishes. Acrylic copolymers where possible to obtain high quality coatings

outperform polyvinyl acetate and styrene-butadione. Films based on polyacrylates have high weather resistance, good water resistance, and are resistant to ultraviolet radiation. The ease of copolymerization of acrylic monomers with various types of monomers and polymers provides ample opportunities to control the technological, operational and special properties of the resulting film. The most commonly used copolymerization with styrene.

A typical representative of high-quality acrylic water-based paint is VEAK 1180. Differs in high technological and operational properties. Can be used for both outdoor and indoor work. Easy to tint. Apply by brush, roller or spray gun.

Water-based paint: application, specifications

By area of application are divided into:

Soils.
Front.
For interior work.
Special.

soils are used to strengthen the substrate, smooth out its defects and increase the adhesion of the painted surface. Protect coatings from attack by aggressive components of the cement substrate, especially recently made. They can be either pigmented or non-pigmented. Soils must have the following technical characteristics:

good penetrating ability;
formation of a film with acceptable strength properties;
ability to provide excellent adhesion;
resistance to hydrolysis and electrolytic processes;
resistance to water.

Facade water-based paints and varnishes must be resistant to:

temperature fluctuations;
ultraviolet radiation;
the influence of water and chemical substances contained in the atmosphere;
abrasion;
exposure to microorganisms (molds, lichens and algae).

Facade coatings must have stability during operation, low water absorption with good vapor permeability. Facade paints use pigments and fillers resistant to solar radiation. In this case, the weather resistance of the coating may depend more on the quality of the pigment than on the type of dispersion.

Softer operating conditions of paints and varnishes for interior work allow the use of copolymers as film formers various types, including styrene acrylic, vinyl acetate, polyvinyl acetate and high pressure polyethylene. There are no serious requirements for water resistance to coatings. The use of paints with a low content of copolymers and a high content of fillers makes it possible to optimize the price-quality ratio.

Coatings for interior work are characterized by the following properties:

good hiding power;
ease of painting, no defects;
use for both walls and ceilings;
plasticity, resistance to cracking;
good compatibility with tinting pastes;
resistance to brushing and washing.

Special water-based paints and varnishes are used for fire-resistant coatings, for bathrooms or floors, for painting metal, wallpaper and other materials.

Advantages and disadvantages

Advantages of water-based paints and varnishes:

high operational properties of the coating;
good adhesion to the painted surface;
economical consumption;
the possibility of painting wet surfaces or at high humidity;
saving on irretrievably lost organic solvents;
harmlessness of use;
fire safety;
manufacturability of coating;
short drying time;
obtaining a different color with your own hands using color;
ease of maintenance of the working tool.

IN modern world environmental safety is highly valued building materials, their durability, ease of use and a minimum of time spent to implement all design ideas. Therefore, along with high quality oil paints widespread and water-based formulations. Since the types of this finishing material also differ in the way they are used for various premises and surfaces, before using them in repairs, you need to find out which type of such coating is right for you.

Peculiarities

The composition based on water includes various polymers or mineral particles, additives, tinting pigments. When painting any wall or ceiling surface, the water component dries up, leaving a polymer film or a film of mineral particles on the surface.

Emulsion paint does not have a strong chemical smell when dry. Such magical property allows the use of this emulsion for work indoors and for people who are allergic to this species building materials.

Advantages and disadvantages

TO positive aspects Uses for this staining material include:

It is very easy to apply on any pre-plastered surface - concrete, wood, gypsum concrete. Brushes and rollers are easily washed with water after use.
This paint is easy to dilute, as the main solvent is water. Thanks to this dilution, it becomes safe and non-toxic, so it is recommended for interior work even in rooms with closed windows.
It differs from all other types of paint in that it dries faster than all other types.
After painting, there is no unpleasant smell in the room for many weeks, as after using other types of finishing materials.
Water-based paints are distinguished by the fact that they are not subject to peeling, subject to all the rules of storage, application and preparation of the surface for painting.

An important feature is environmental safety for humans. This coating is non-toxic, not harmful to humans, without a strong chemical odor.
Dirt from surfaces painted with certain types of aqueous emulsion is easily washed off with water and any detergent.
Also important features are incombustibility and increased resistance to various alkalis.
Certain types of water emulsion are recommended for rooms with high humidity - for a bath or kitchen, but not only because they have an increased water repellency, but also because they are breathable, as they easily pass air and steam through their layers.
This type of paint has antibacterial characteristics.

The service life depends on the specific type of paint. Currently, you can pick up one that will not lose its presentation for 20 years.
Some types of water emulsion have such a density when stained that they easily mask cracks up to 2 mm.
An aqueous emulsion is suitable for any interior solution, as it can be easily tinted even on its own, and the variety of colors and the possibility of using them in various percentages with paint gives such a range of colors and shades that allows you to realize all the dreams and fantasies of professional designers and amateurs in repairs.
Low price and excellent quality allow VE paints to compete with many types of wall and ceiling finishes for any type of repair work.

This type of paint also has disadvantages:

The use of a water emulsion is impossible at sub-zero temperatures, therefore the minimum temperature limit is up to +5 degrees Celsius. Already at 0 degrees it freezes and loses all its properties.
Some types of paints have a short service life, but these types of emulsions are becoming rare and are being forced out of the market by more durable paints.
Not always suitable for metal or glossy surfaces due to the large amount of water in their composition.

Specifications

By familiarizing yourself with the technical characteristics of a particular type of VE-paint, you can choose desired view for this particular surface.

When choosing, pay attention to the following factors:

Compound. Depending on the fillers, thickeners, antiseptics contained in the aqueous solution, this paint may or may not be suitable for interior or exterior use, for wet or dry rooms.
Application. What materials is this finishing material suitable for covering? Is it possible to paint wood, concrete, metal, enamel.
Viscosity. How much and how to dilute VE paint.
Consumption. Depends on the base material, its characteristics of absorption. Usually the consumption of the coloring emulsion is 200-400 ml per m2.

Specific gravity. By the weight of the can, you can determine the quality of the paint. A good water emulsion has a density of about 1.5 kg per 1 liter. From this we can conclude that high-quality paint in a ten-liter jar will have a weight of about 15 kg.
Temperature during staining and drying. What is optimum temperature when using this type of emulsion.
Humidity allowed during painting and operation.

Storage conditions. Maximum allowable high and low temperatures at which the paint does not lose its properties. You need to store it in a place where the direct rays of the sun do not fall, in which it is cool and dark.
The expiration date of the paint in the bank.
The service life of this type of paint on painted surfaces.

In order to choose the paint that is right for your case, it is recommended that you familiarize yourself with existing species and their technical specifications.

Kinds

Water-based paints are of several types.

Polyvinyl acetate

These paints are the cheapest. Of the positive properties, it can be noted that they are resistant to impact sunlight and the effect of fats. Also, these types of coatings can be painted even indoors, they are non-toxic and safe due to their components. They include polyvinyl acetate, or, in a simple way, PVA glue.

But they are afraid of water, so surfaces painted with this type of paint cannot be washed. They are suitable only for rooms where it is dry and which are infrequently used.

After some time, this paint may turn yellow like old glue. Currently, this type is almost never used for repairs.

mineral

Also relatively inexpensive paints. They include calcium hydroxide, slaked lime or cement. This type can be painted on any surface, but they are best suited for concrete or brick surfaces. These water emulsions are characterized by high vapor permeability and do not suffer with a significant temperature drop.

The main negative characteristics - they quickly lose their original color, as they burn out and are damaged upon contact - they are erased, they have a short service life, so they are less and less used in interior work, more for facade decoration.

silicate

They include sodium silicate - liquid glass. These are relatively inexpensive paints. They are durable, strong, but only suitable for concrete and plaster walls. Tolerate temperature differences, vapor and breathable. But they are afraid of water, precipitation, as they are not waterproof, which means they are only useful for painting inside the house and only for dry rooms.

For rooms with high humidity, such as kitchens and bathrooms, this type of staining is not suitable. And this material does not fit well on metal, stone, glass and ceramics.

Acrylic

And although they are more expensive than mineral VE paints, the difference in price is various kinds paints and from different manufacturers allows you to choose the right finish for any wallet.

The main advantages of this type are water resistance, strength and resistance to mechanical abrasion, resistance to ultraviolet radiation, dirt-repellent characteristics. They are elastic, that is, they are applied easily and without smudges and have a high density when painting, so that they can repair cracks up to 1 mm. They have the lowest consumption of coloring emulsion when painting even in one layer. Suitable for any type of premises, as they are mostly washable.

Latex

These are latex-based or acrylate-based acrylic paints. Here, the composition of the acrylic emulsion includes latex. And because of this, they are relatively expensive. Latex gives acrylic paint increased water resistance. Surfaces painted with this type can be washed even with the use of detergents. They withstand 5 thousand wash cycles without losing color, brightness and water resistance.

This paint can be used on wood, concrete, brick, metal, plaster, drywall and structured wallpaper. Its composition is more elastic and covers any surface well. The double layer allows to repair cracks up to 1 mm. The paint dries quickly and is odorless, which means it is environmentally friendly and harmless to health. This type of coating can be used in swimming pools and bathrooms.

The only negative is that it is not vapor-permeable and condensation can appear on it. Also this species is afraid low temperatures– in cool rooms, surfaces painted with latex paint may crack. It has poor resistance to the effects of the sun, fungi and bacteria.

Silicone

These coatings contain silicone silicone resins. They are suitable for ceilings. There are special types of silicone paints for ceilings that have increased adhesion to the surface, which means that they roll more easily on the ceiling and do not flow.

Due to the increased density, this type can mask cracks up to 2 mm. This type is considered antiseptic, as it has vapor and gas permeability, which prevents the formation of fungus and mold. Therefore, they are suitable for painting rooms with high humidity, especially for bathrooms and kitchens. The painted surface washes well.

Silicone paint can cover previously painted surfaces with other types of paints such as mineral, acrylic and silicone paints, except for oils. Even a black interior surface is effortlessly covered with two layers of paint, since the silicone water-based emulsion has a high hiding power.

The only surface that may not look very aesthetically pleasing over time is reinforced concrete. Rust spots may appear on the paint, as the reinforcement will begin to rust, so it is recommended that this surface be protected or used before painting. the new kind paints with anti-corrosion additives.

Which is better?

To choose a paint for coloring, you need to know its characteristics and take into account both price features and technical ones. You need to know what surface is at the base for painting, whether you will pre-prime it, what specifications this surface, whether it is outdoors or indoors, in which room, how much time you need to paint and completely dry this surface.

Depending on all these parameters, you need to choose the right paint. You may not need the most expensive silicone water emulsion.

Mineral and acrylic dyes are more suitable for painting external surfaces. But surfaces painted with a mineral coating quickly lose their original color, although this coating is much cheaper than acrylic.

For painting indoors, you need to consider what needs to be painted - walls or ceiling or some wooden, metal, glass surfaces. The microclimate in this room is also important. For dry rooms, all types of water-based emulsions are suitable, you just need to keep in mind that polyvinyl acetate, although the cheapest, can turn yellow over time, mineral ones are easily erased on contact, and acrylic, latex and silicone are quite expensive. Silicate water emulsion is best for painting concrete or plastered surfaces. But for wallpaper for painting, it is not very suitable, here it is better to use latex.

For wet rooms, acrylic, latex and silicone paints are best suited. The only disadvantages of latex - it is afraid of low temperatures and is not vapor-permeable, does not protect against the appearance of condensate, as well as mold and mildew. All of these types are expensive.

All types of paint are also suitable for ceilings. Just keep in mind that for rooms with high humidity it is better to use mineral, acrylic, latex or silicone. At the same time, acrylic and silicone do not flow when stained and are more durable, although more expensive.

There are special silicone dyes for painting ceilings. Their composition is characterized by increased hiding power and drying speed, which means that it allows you to more accurately and easily paint the ceiling.

Application technology

Before applying water-based paint, the following points should be considered:

How was the surface treated? If it has been primed, especially if the solution has been rubbed well over the surface of the base, then one applied layer of paint will be enough. It should be borne in mind that with each subsequent layer, the color of the painted surface becomes more intense.
When dry, the color of the paint is slightly different from the color in the jar.
Apply the second and subsequent layers only after the previous one dries. Usually the drying time is about 8 hours.
Water-based paint should dry naturally, without drafts.

For staining, you can use any tool - a brush, a sponge, and a roller with a long nap. Rollers with short pile are not used because they do not capture the right amount of paint, and from foam rubber rollers, water-based emulsion can bubble on the surface, as the foam rubber absorbs an excess amount of paint. And after painting, the surface may look uneven and rough to the touch.

Mineral paints can be applied with a spray gun, spraying the paint over the surface. Also, this method is suitable for painting ceilings, wallpaper, radiators and any hard-to-reach surfaces and objects.

The choice of painting tool also depends on the expected effect. Even when working with a roller, the layer of paint that can be applied to the surface, that is, the intensity of the color, depends on the length of its pile. And also when working with a roller, you may need to use a paint brush - this will help when painting in corners and in hard-to-reach places.

A sponge is used when it is necessary to cover some objects or textured surfaces with paint, or to add texture using a thicker paint composition.

Usually start by painting the perimeter with a brush, and then use a roller. Any object is advised to start painting from top to bottom, this creates a surface without streaks and drips.

Before painting, it is desirable to protect untreated surfaces and glue masking tape on the baseboards, platbands and window sills along the border of staining. If the floors are already prepared for painting with varnish, then adhesive tape should also be glued on them so as not to complicate your subsequent work, because not completely wiped water emulsion can be seen through the varnish at the points where the walls come into contact with the floor, and in order to prepare an ideal surface for painting with varnish, it will take precious time. Also, in places of transition of one color to another, you can stick adhesive tape.

Please note that adhesive tape, even masking tape, must be removed immediately after painting this area. If the paint dries, then it will become impossible to remove it without damaging the painted surface.

If you paint ceilings, then you must first clean them of the old coating, then level the surface with putty and prime it. A primer is required, as it reduces the penetration of the paint into the base and increases the degree of hiding power. It is better to choose a primer from the same manufacturer as the paint, or one recommended by the paint manufacturer.

There is the following rule - if there is only one window in the room, then the painting of the ceiling begins parallel to the window from one wall to the other. The second time they paint perpendicularly - in the direction from the window to the wall opposite. That is, the last layer should always be painted towards the source of daylight. This helps to hide all the shortcomings of the main coverage. The paint is applied in parallel stripes, gently overlapping the previous one by 2-3 cm.

It is advisable to keep within half an hour when painting the entire surface, since after painting it will look uneven and sloppy. Where it is impossible to paint the surface with a roller - corners, joints, use a brush, carefully painting over all hard-to-reach surfaces. If there are two window openings in the room, then they paint twice from the window to the blank wall, placing two layers of paint perpendicular to each other.

When painting walls and ceilings that are plastered and primed, two coats of paint are usually used, and when applying a water-based coating on paper wallpaper- one layer. Therefore, when buying paint, keep in mind that for puttied surfaces you need three times large quantity paints than for wallpapered ones.

VE-paint on the walls sets in about 10-15 minutes, therefore, to avoid a visible border when drying, you need to paint quickly. Coloring starts from the corner, painting it with a brush from top to bottom with a strip width of 5 cm. Then they paint it with a roller, after squeezing it against a special painting cuvette or a flat piece of linoleum, plywood, wood. The paint is applied from top to bottom in a continuous strip, going to the next one by 5-8 cm. This helps to get rid of the visible boundaries of the paint application. When a distance equal to one width of the roller remains to the second corner, then the corner of this wall must be painted over with a brush. If you are going to roll the second wall next, then immediately paint over the corner of the second wall with a brush.

How to breed?

If it is written on the paint can that it must first be diluted with water, then it is advisable to do this, since then the paint will acquire exactly the desired viscosity and consistency, which will allow you to easily and accurately apply it to the surface.

Most often, a high-quality water emulsion is sold in white and is tinted to the desired shade either on its own or in a store using special equipment. In this case, a color scheme is used, which can also be purchased at the store.

If you are tinting yourself, then make a margin of ten percent more than the main amount, as in the future it may be useful to update the surface.

It is best to dilute a small amount of tinted paint first to check how it will look on the painted surface after drying. The color of the paint is slightly different when completely dry from what we see in the can or during the tinting process. If the expiration dates, storage conditions have been violated, if the paint is frozen, you must also first see how it will lie on the surface.

When using a device such as a spray gun for painting, it must be taken into account that diluting the paint with plain water is not suitable, since after complete drying it may remain on the surface white coating. Therefore, water emulsions for paint sprayers are diluted with either distilled water, or alcohol, or ether.

It is necessary to strictly follow the recommendations of manufacturers for dilution of paint so that it is not too thick or too liquid. If this is not done, then the surface may be painted carelessly. A thicker paint creates the effect of "shagreen" skin, shrinks, looks like poor-quality whitewash, and a more liquid one gives ugly streaks.

It should be borne in mind that after 15-20 minutes the paint begins to thicken and in order to paint the second layer it must be diluted again directly in the cans of the spray gun. The diluted paint should look like fatty milk.

How to delete?

Sometimes before a new painting it is necessary to remove the previous layer of finish. If before that there was PVA-based paint - polyvinyl acetate or mineral, then it can be removed with a sponge with an aqueous soapy solution.

To remove acrylic or silicone VE paint, you need to use tools such as a spatula or an angle disc. grinder. You can remove the previous layer with a chisel. This is an almost silent way, but very tiring. A building hair dryer is also often used, heating the old finish and removing it with a spatula. Now special washes are sold on chemical basis. It is necessary to apply it to the paint, gradually it will be absorbed and destroy the old layer.

Manufacturers

The production of water-based paint has been established for a long time and is widely represented on the market.

As a wear-resistant, as well as easy-to-apply alternative to water-based formulations, we recommend rubber paint. As an interior material for walls and ceilings, such a coating primarily attracts with ease of cleaning from grease and other contaminants. This is especially useful for families with small children, as markers or watercolor marks can be easily removed. The coating is environmentally friendly, safe for health and odorless. However, you should beware of inexpensive rubber paints, where the price reduction is achieved by the presence of styrene-acrylic latex in the composition. With regular exposure to the sun (namely, UV rays) or water, the coating begins to crack and collapse. In a living room on the sunny side, even one month of operation is enough for such consequences.

Styrene-acrylic latex is absent, for example, in the durable rubber paint "Mizar" Rezolux Universal. The service life declared by the manufacturer is up to 10 years. In addition, due to the increased water resistance, the material can be used to cover walls even in bathrooms and toilets. The advantage of "Mizar" Rezolux Universal in comparison with analogues lies in the increased hiding power, the paint consumption per square centimeter of the surface is about 150 grams. This is about four times lower than the popular Super Decor Rubber. Thus, with the same area, the cost of purchasing Mizar products will be four times lower.

It should be noted that Mizar, a St. Petersburg manufacturer, has been producing coatings for 12 years, special attention is paid to achieving the best key parameters along with the lowest price among all foreign and domestic analogues. For these reasons, the company constantly wins tenders for the supply of materials for enterprises of the State Defense Order. The company is known for its products with adaptation for extreme conditions operation, with increased mechanical loads, low / high temperatures and exposure to aggressive chemical environments. In the past few years, defense customer enterprises in tenders instead of parameters-requirements for paintwork materials immediately indicated specific Mizar products. This is a clear sign that the experience gained confirmed the correctness of the choice in favor of the materials of this particular company from St. Petersburg.

You can choose any unknown manufacturer, perhaps with a lower price policy, or you can spend money on higher quality paints such well-known manufacturers, How Dulux, Dufa or "Tex". In their palette there are paints of all kinds and purposes, both matte and glossy, as well as semi-matte and semi-gloss. These manufacturers have confirmed their reputation for being on the market for sales and the quality of their products.

How to paint the walls with water-based paint, see the following video.

Water-based paint is probably one of the "youngest" paint products, but in the most short time gained popularity among consumers. This is due to a number of positive properties that are actively used by professionals and home craftsmen who carry out interior decoration after repair. This is a wonderful material for interior work, in particular, for painting walls. When purchasing such a product, you should definitely pay attention to the properties and consumer qualities of the product.

Water-based paint is probably one of the "youngest" paint products

Characteristics of water-based wall paints

The main technical characteristics of water-based paint are:

composition, where, in addition to the main component, there are various fillers, thickeners, antiseptics;
material consumption per sq. surface meter;
viscosity, which determines the degree of ratio of paint and water in the mixture;
specific gravity of 1.35kg/l;
storage conditions;
best before date.

An amazing substance, where the main solvent is water, has several types that are successfully used to paint indoor ceilings and walls. In a large family of water-based emulsions, the properties of which are directly related to the characteristics of the polymer included in their composition, the most commonly used are the following.

An amazing substance where the main solvent is water

Types of water-based paint	Main Components	Features, properties
Acrylic	Acrylic resin with latex additive	Increased moisture resistance Used to coat wood, metal, glass surfaces, brick and concrete
Silicone	silicone resin	The best - for interior work Has antiseptic properties: prevents the formation of mold and fungi
Mineral	Cement and slaked lime	Accepts well the addition of color Excellent adhesion to concrete and masonry walls short-lived
silicate	Liquid glass and color pigments	High air and vapor permeability durable
Polyvinyl acetate		Easy to clean from dirt and grease Resistant to non-aggressive chemicals burnout

In addition, the product has several degrees of brightness:

matte;
glossy;
semi-matt;
semi-gloss.

Water-based paint is quite in demand for several other indicators. It is non-toxic and does not contain components harmful to health, that is, it is an environmentally friendly product. It dries on the surface from two to three hours to a day (maximum) and does not have a specific unpleasant odor.

The paint is non-toxic and does not contain components harmful to health.

With such a wide range of advantages of the material for painting walls with water-based paint, it is impossible to remain silent about the few disadvantages that have been identified when using it:

painting works can be carried out at a temperature not lower than +5°С;
relatively short service life.

Decorative properties of paint coatings

On the market, this paint and varnish product is presented both in a basic white version and in various color options. You can also get the desired color or shade by adding the necessary color to the base paint. This provides ample opportunities for a variety of design solutions.

Especially interesting is the use of water emulsion in the design:

children's and playrooms;
premises of preschool and educational institutions;
children's hospitals and clinics.

Painting the walls with water-based paint allows you to give a special flavor to these objects and make various drawings directly on the walls, making the room bright, cheerful, interesting for children and adults. Funny images cheer up, relieve feelings of fear and tension, distract from unpleasant thoughts.

Its use here is justified by the fact that the coating is environmentally friendly and does not emit toxic substances into the air, and is easy to maintain.

Painting walls with water-based paint allows you to give a special flavor to these objects.

What water emulsion to choose for walls

The choice of paint depends on the place of its application. It is used for painting walls and ceilings, and you need to choose it, taking into account the technical characteristics and parameters that are characteristic of a particular type of product.

When purchasing it, you need to consider which room will be painted.

If the room is small and dark, it is better to use light warm colors that will visually enlarge the space:

yellow,
cream;
apricot;
pale pink;
coffee;
light green and others.

IN large rooms with very high ceilings, it is necessary to create an atmosphere of comfort, or at least a more pleasant environment that visually reduces this huge non-residential space. In this case, more muted tones in shades will be most appropriate:

blue
green;
purple.

Blue color will create a cozy atmosphere in the room

red is a strong irritant;
brown and bright purple contribute to the occurrence of depressive conditions.

It is worth noting that the seemingly pleasant bright blue color will also be distracting and irritating to the nervous system.

In children's and playrooms for painting walls with water-based paint, you must choose pastel colors for the main background. On this surface, you can then decorate fabulous and cartoon paintings, images of their heroes. At the same time, it is worth considering that they should not be made with glossy paints that give glare in bright sun or artificial light, and can Negative influence on the children's vision.

In children's rooms it is better to use bed tones.

How much will you spend on material?

To understand what the actual paint costs will be, you will have to make some calculations, where to take into account:

the area of the painted room;
planning;
features of the staining procedure;
quality and proportions of the solution;
volumes of containers in which paint is sold;
the need to purchase tools and additional materials.

It is also important to determine how many coats of paint are to be applied to the surface of the walls, whether a primer will be used, and how it will be applied.

It is worth considering that the results of the work and the amount of money spent will also depend on the quality of the work being done: if the primer or paint is applied unevenly, additional layers will have to be applied, which will increase the consumption of materials and lead to additional financial costs.

But even if the calculations are carried out correctly, it is worth having a small supply of materials in case it is necessary to correct the detected defects.

It is worth considering that the results of the work and the amount of funds spent will also depend on the quality of the work carried out.

Preparing walls for painting

To get a quality wall painting result that will last for several years, it is necessary to properly prepare the wall. For this:

remove traces of the old coating;
if necessary, plaster, level the surface, putty cracks, scratches, eliminate chips, wash the walls;
primer.

In order for the coating to be of high quality and sufficiently durable, it is necessary that the surface be absolutely dry before applying the paint.

So that the paint does not crack and last for a long time, it is worth carefully preparing the wall

Ways to remove old paint

Preparation for painting is directly related to the release of the surface from the old paintwork. You can delete it different ways, depending on the thickness of the coating and the strength of its connection with the wall.

It will be easiest to remove the PVA-based polyvinyl acetate water-based emulsion. Taking into account the fact that the main component of water-based paint is water, the removal of the old coating is possible using a sponge and a soapy solution.
More resistant to water and detergent solutions acrylic paint can be removed using tools: it is scraped off with a spatula or grinder.
Masters also speak positively about pretty original way removal old paint using newspapers. They are placed on the area to be cleaned with glue, which is prepared from starch of the consistency of thick sour cream, or you can use ready-made glue. After complete drying, the newspapers will be removed with a spatula along with the old paint.
The used coating can be removed with a chisel. True, this process is quite lengthy and tedious, after which you may have to plaster and prime the entire surface of the wall.
Another way to remove old paint is to anneal it with a building hair dryer, after which you can free up area by area with a spatula. It is most suitable for removing acrylic emulsion.
You can clean the surface of the wall for painting with a ready-made chemical wash. It contributes to the destruction of the structure of the old paintwork.

There are several ways to clean and prepare the wall for painting.

How to mix color with paint?

If it is decided to give the paint a certain color, it is not difficult to do this, but haste and inattention are inappropriate here. To get the desired color and evenly distribute the pigment throughout the volume of the mixture, you need to take several steps:

carefully read the instructions for using the paint and the procedure for forming the desired color;
first dilute the mixture in small volumes, mix well until a homogeneous mass is obtained and paint over small plot cardboard, let dry well.

Such a simple manipulation will help to understand whether the desired shade is chosen correctly.

Attention! It should be noted that after drying, the color will be somewhat darker.

If it is decided to give the paint a certain color, it is not difficult to do this, but haste and inattention are inappropriate here.

Technology for painting walls with water-based paint

The rules for applying a water-based coating on a prepared surface are not complicated; it is important to observe them and do the procedure without haste. The procedure for painting walls with water-based paint is as follows:

a primer is applied to the prepared leveled surface of the wall in one or two layers;
allow the coating to dry completely;
apply the first layer of water-based paint ready or diluted with a color scheme of the required shade;
allow to dry and determine if a second and subsequent coats are necessary.

The final result can be seen only after the paint has completely dried.

The final color of the wall will be clear after the paint has completely dried. It is worth remembering that each subsequent layer enhances the saturation of the color and its depth.

Advice. To obtain a high-quality result of painting the wall and the desired color, it is necessary to create natural conditions for the drying of the coating. Do not turn on the fan, arrange drafts in order to achieve a speedy drying. This is not necessary, given that even without "violence from the outside" this paint dries pretty quickly. In addition, "artificial wind" can bring particles of dust or dirt onto a freshly painted surface, and the work will be spoiled.

To obtain a high-quality result of painting the wall and the desired color, it is necessary to create natural conditions for the drying of the coating.

painting tool

To cover the walls with water-based paint, traditional tools are used, which are well known not only to professional painters, but also to home craftsmen. To carry out the work you will need:

paint brushes of different sizes;
sponges;
paint rollers.

It’s great if someone can get a spray gun or a professional spray gun at the time of painting: they will not only speed up and facilitate the work, but also allow you to get a smooth surface with the same degree of paint. However, it is worth noting that such a result is possible only if you have experience with this equipment, which is not at all difficult to master. To do this, you need to be patient and be extremely careful, however, as with any other work.

The spray gun is also convenient if it is necessary to paint large areas of walls - it allows you to cope with the work with less significant effort.

The spray gun is also convenient if you need to paint large areas of the walls.

Brushes will be needed to apply paint in the corners and in places where it is impossible to “walk” with a roller, and where the spray gun jet cannot reach. In addition, experts recommend painting the perimeter of the wall first, and this should be done with a brush. If you wish or do not have other tools for painting, you can completely complete the work with a wide brush, the size of which is from ten to twelve and a half millimeters.

It should be immersed in paint by no more than a third, otherwise the loss of paint material will be increased: the paint will flow down the surface of the brush, drip onto the floor. You need to paint in short movements, starting to apply paint from the top of the wall, gradually lowering it down.

Video: Painting walls with water-based paint

Video: What is water-based paint

Nowadays, experts are increasingly advised to perform external and internal finishing works use water based paint. Compared to other paints and varnishes, it is easier to work with, and it does not leave an unpleasant odor. And what is water-based paint, you can find out by familiarizing yourself with its composition.

What is paint made of?

The main composition is represented by tiny grains of polymers suspended in the aquatic environment. Depending on the manufacturer, water-based paint in the composition may have a large number of additives - from 10 to 15, namely:

defoamers that reduce the formation of foam;
antifreeze - they prevent freezing;
thickeners;
corrosion inhibitors;
antiseptics;
plasticizers;
additives that raise the viscosity of the structure;
preservatives and more.

In percentage terms, the composition of water-based paint is as follows: foaming agent dissolved in water 50%, pigments and filler - 37%, plasticizer - 7%, and other additives account for the remaining percentages.

Production technology

The production process of water-based paint consists of several stages. At the first stage, the aqueous solution of the polymer dispersion is combined and thoroughly mixed with fillers and pigments. Such a mixture in the form of a paste, which is dispersed.

The next stage is to introduce the necessary additives, as a result of which water-based paint that meets all standards is obtained at the output.

At the final stage finished products is filtered through mesh filters and packaged in containers. Works on the manufacture of water-based interior paint must be carried out in rooms where the air temperature does not fall below +5°C.

Advantages

High-quality paints based on water emulsions have a lot of positive properties. First of all, this refers to their harmless composition, which means that it will not harm human health.

The water emulsion is distinguished by the absence of a sharp specific odor and quick drying. Often, the consumer is interested in how long water-based paint dries, professionals say that in some cases this takes about 2 hours. It is possible to apply this paint and varnish coating by a peculiar method - electroplating.

The composition allows you to make the color of water-based paint different by adding special pigments. The store has a catalog with shades, and the client can choose any one they like, and the specialist will prepare the paintwork material of the desired shade on the spot. Although on sale most often there is a white water-based paint. Other pluses are:

ease of application;
ease of cleaning tools after painting.

Water-based paints for a long period retain their original appearance without the appearance of cracks and delamination during operation. The main disadvantage is the need to work exclusively at a temperature of +5°C.

Acrylic paints

Types of water-based paints differ because they have different polymers that make up the composition. There are several main types:

acrylic;
silicate;
silicone;
polyvinyl acetate;
mineral.

Acrylic resins are added to the composition of acrylic, thanks to which the finished product becomes resistant to water. After painting with water-based paint, the surface can be washed, this does not lead to its washing off. It contains latex. It helps to eliminate minor cracks in the ceiling and walls. They become even and smooth. However, it must be taken into account that this can be achieved after applying at least 2 layers. Acrylic formulations adhere well to materials such as:

glass;
tree;
brick;
stone;
concrete.

A high degree of adhesion is also observed in relation to the metal, which must first be primed. Drying time is several hours. As a result, get plastic film, perfectly protecting the surface from the influence of the external environment. Acrylic compositions serve long time and wherein:

do not crack;
do not burn out.

Acrylic composition is not recommended for painting wet surfaces.

Silicate water-based paints

Silicate water-based paints are a mixture of an aqueous solution, which includes:

liquid glass;
colored pigments.

These components give this material good resistance to atmospheric changes. However, it should be borne in mind that it is not recommended to use it for interior work in wet rooms. Otherwise, the coating may well be damaged.

Subject to all recommendations, the service life is at least 20 years, suitable for application to surfaces both inside and outside. Silicate compounds are able to pass steam without retaining air, but they do not retain moisture from walls well. They are recommended for use in buildings where the presence of unstable groundwater is observed.

Silicone paint materials

To find out which water-based paint is better, a more detailed acquaintance with the characteristics of each of its types will help. The composition of silicone paints includes silicone resins. They combine the characteristics of both silicate and acrylic paints. The cost of this paintwork material is quite high. They can paint all mineral coatings, while 2 mm cracks are perfectly painted over.

This waterproof paint is vapor permeable. It is used to paint damp surfaces and those that are exposed to moisture, which makes it impossible for a fungus to appear on it for a long time. Due to this property, this washable paint is used in hospitals and laboratories.

Mineral compositions

Mineral water-based paints contain cement or slaked lime. The main purpose for which they are intended is the performance of painting work on surfaces made of brick and concrete. When hardened, mineral paints give the surface protection, making it resistant to:

moisture;
fats;
Sveta;
oils;
household chemicals.

The downside is the short lifespan.

Water-based polyvinyl acetate paint

This type of paintwork material is the most inexpensive, but differs high quality which is the reason for its popularity. Made from PVA. It is used exclusively for painting the ceiling and walls inside the room. Main positive properties are considered:

the absence of harmful ingredients;
complete safety in relation to fires and explosions;
drying in a short time;
the possibility of obtaining a matte and glossy effect after the addition of special substances.

It fits perfectly on a flat surface, is intended for coloring:

tree;
cardboard;
plaster and other porous materials.

There are some cons that can make themselves felt if the use is incorrect. The main ones are susceptibility to moisture and the prohibition of use in wet areas. In this case, she has a low resistance.

Technical characteristics must be taken into account before purchasing this type of paint and varnish products. They mean:

compound;
specific gravity;
consumption;
viscosity;
best before date;
storage conditions.

The specific gravity of moisture-resistant water-based paint is approximately 1.35 kg / l. Approximately 150-200 ml / m² is consumed per 1 layer. The number of layers is affected by the absorption capacity of the substrate. The viscosity of a water-based paint is an indicator that determines the degree of dilution of the coloring composition with water. To measure it, there is a viscometer. The indicator is considered normal when applied:

spray gun - from 20 to 25;
brushes - from 40 to 45.

Humidity and air temperature affect the drying time. It can be from 2 hours to a day. The best temperature, which has a positive effect on the coloring of rooms, is considered to be + 20 ° C, with a humidity of 65%.

According to the requirements, such coloring compositions are intended for external and internal work in dry and damp rooms. Depending on the purpose, it should be used. If you paint damp surfaces with a material for dry rooms, it will not last several months and vice versa. No less important when choosing for painting work and appearance.

Manufacturers produce water-based formulations that make the coating:

matte;
silky matte;
glossy.

For painting wallpaper and ceilings, matte and silky-matte paints and varnishes are well suited. Matte paint hides the smallest flaws. But it must be borne in mind that these are not resistant to abrasion, which means that they are not recommended to be washed frequently.

Under the glossy water-based paint, after its application, even very slight errors become noticeable. This means that the surface must be carefully prepared before application.

When the question arises of how to paint with water-based paint correctly, you need to remember some of the nuances. Before work, you need to mix it well so that the mass becomes homogeneous. If the instructions say about the need to dilute with water, you need to do it. This will help her lay down more evenly on the surface.

You can add brightness to the interior by adding a special color scheme. By mixing it with paint, the desired shade is selected.

Before whitewashing with water-based paint, experts advise diluting it in a small container, then paint the cardboard and wait until it dries. Such a test will help in the future to determine whether the chosen color is suitable for the room or not. The fact is that the material does not have exactly the same shade as on the dried surface.

Must be done before painting preparatory work. They are as follows:

clean the surface from dust, dirt and layers of old paint;
wash with soapy water, and then clean;
eliminate irregularities by filling them.

After everything is dry, sand and remove dust. If a person wants to carry out painting work in the cold season, it is necessary that the can of paint stand in the room for at least a day, and only after that it should be opened. Remove all films and various inclusions, mix the composition well. If you intend to use a sprayer, then add 10% water.

The amount of paint used is indicated on the container. But it may differ depending on the surface structure. About that, you can read in a special article.

It is necessary to calculate its approximate consumption, starting tinting, to do a little more than necessary. The reason is that if the same tone is needed again, it will not be possible to make this one. The new portion will be different anyway.

It is possible to somewhat reduce the consumption of water-based paint if a layer of primer is applied to the surface in advance before work. The best water-based paint is the one that fits perfectly into the interior in color. Experts do not advise applying such paints and varnishes to glossy and metal surfaces due to the fact that they contain a large amount of water, and this does not allow the paint to lay down well on them.

Many people for interior decoration rooms choose water-based paint. This is explained by her affordable price and good technical characteristics. To choose the right composition for certain repair and construction work, it is worth studying the main varieties and their features.

Specifications

Water based paint is emulsion of polymer particles. The latter do not dissolve in water and are able to turn into a dense film. Accordingly, the treated surface is smooth and even.

The water-based paint contains latex, a thickener, various fillers, and an antiseptic. Other components include plasticizers, antifreezes, defoamers, acrylate, etc. The presence of a certain substance depends on the application. It is also worth noting that to give a rich white tint, a small amount of sodium dioxide is added to the composition. In cheap materials, ordinary chalk is used for this purpose. In order for the water-based paint to obtain the necessary consistency, it is worth using a thickener, as well as CMC glue. The water base is demineralized water. As a rule, film-forming substances, fillers and plasticizers are provided in the composition in a ratio of 6:3:1.

If we talk about the consumption of 1 layer, then it will take about 150 ml/m² acrylic or other variety. Naturally, the number of layers of water-based paint directly depends on the absorbency of the surface.

It is worth remembering other technical characteristics.

An important property is viscosity, which is measured using a viscometer.
The specific gravity of acrylic and other paints is on average 135 kg/l.
Drying time depends on humidity and air temperature. This figure is 2-24 hours.
During painting, it is necessary to maintain a temperature of + 20 ° C, and the humidity in the room should be about 65%.

Advantages and disadvantages

Many people buy water-based paint because of its advantages:

The main disadvantage of this material is the impossibility of surface treatment at temperatures below +5°C.

Varieties of water-based paint

On sale you can find several types of compounds. They differ in their composition and some properties.

The acrylic variety is recognized as the most common. Here the main component is represented by acrylic resins. Latex is also sometimes added. Thanks to this connection, the treated surface is not afraid of water. According to manufacturers, the wall can be washed at least 5000 times. If you apply acrylic paint in 2 layers, you will be able to mask irregularities of 1 mm in size. Such compositions are ideal for wooden, glass, concrete and brick surfaces. Acrylic material can also be used to process metal that has been previously primed.
Silicone composition is quite expensive. This is due to the possibility of masking cracks with a width of 2 mm. It is worth noting that the coating is vapor-permeable, which means that you can not be afraid of fungus and mold.
The silicate variety is a combination of aqueous solution pigments, as well as liquid glass. The service life of this material is at least 20 years. It is important to remember that such paint is not suitable for rooms with increased level humidity.
The mineral variety contains cement or slaked lime. A similar mixture is intended for processing brick and concrete surfaces. The disadvantage of the finishing material is its fragility.
Polyvinyl acetate paint allows you to work even indoors. The cover is very durable. It is not afraid of the influence of direct sun rays, moisture and fat.

Features of applying paint

To independently process the walls, it is important mix properly. This must be done in accordance with the instructions. For kneading, you will need a small container where the composition is poured. Also, if necessary, add special pigments. Then the mixture is applied to the cardboard and wait for it to dry. This will help to accurately determine the shade.

The surface must be prepared before painting. To do this, remove the old lining and remove bumps and other defects. Then a layer of primer is applied. If we are talking about wall decoration, you need to take furniture out of the room and cover the floor with a film. In the case when the paint is applied to the wallpaper, 2 layers are enough. If there is only a primer, need 3 layers.

An airbrush will help facilitate the work. Thanks to this equipment, it will be possible to avoid smudges and gaps. Some experts prefer the roller. Naturally, in this case, you will have to apply more layers, because they will turn out thin. The most difficult thing is to use a brush, since the surface treatment will turn out to be of high quality only with experience and skill.

If you plan to finish the ceiling, special attention should be paid to the uniformity of the layers. To do this, the roller is dipped into the mixture and rolled out on a tray or linoleum. Next, you can start painting the ceiling. All stripes should be parallel and overlap each other by 2 cm. The surface will be perfectly painted if there is minimum 2-3 thin coats.

It is important to pay attention to the direction of painting. So, the very last layer must be placed towards the light source. Thanks to this, it will be possible to mask the heterogeneous structure of the coating. Lastly, corners, joints and other hard-to-reach places. They are painted over using a small brush.

Methods for removing the composition

In some cases, it becomes necessary to remove the paint from the surface. The easiest way to do this is when using a polyvinyl acetate variety. Yes, that's enough sponge the wall dipped in soapy water. If it is an acrylic mixture, then you will have to make an effort using a spatula or other tool. This removal option is quite laborious and tedious. For this reason, some people prefer to use special washes that can be purchased at any hardware store.

Water-based paints are often used for interior decoration. Such material has excellent technical characteristics. It is completely safe and easy to use. Accordingly, it is possible to perform wall processing without even having the appropriate experience.