Water-based paint for walls and ceilings. Types of water-based paints Technical characteristics of water-based paint

At all times, paint has been used as a universal means for interior decoration. However, when working with oil formulations, the coating dries for a long time, and the mixture itself emits an unpleasant odor. What can not be said about water-based solutions. In this article we will describe what water-based paint is (technical characteristics, advantages and method of producing the composition).

Method for the production of water-based paint

The whole process can be conditionally divided into several stages. The first is the combination of a solution of an aqueous polymer dispersion with a pigment and a filler. The second - the resulting mixture undergoes dispersion (grinding of solid and liquid bodies). The third is the addition of additives that are necessary in accordance with the specifications. The fourth is the packaging of the finished material in cans.

Dispersion of ingredients is carried out in special dispersers (mills). These devices have several chambers, and they have a shaft with disks. It is with the help of it that grinding occurs. The resulting mixture is placed in the capacity of the dissolver (mixer). Thorough mixing takes place there, components are added according to specifications.

The timing of mixing all ingredients depends on the properties of each component, the total volume of the mixture, as well as technical capacity dissolver and dispersant. As a rule, 30 minutes are enough for each operation. In this case, all work must be carried out at a temperature of +5 °C.

At the last stage, containers and strainers are prepared. It is through them that the finished paint will flow.

Advantages and disadvantages of water-based paint

Water-based paint for walls and ceilings has several advantages over oil-based paints. First, she dries faster. Sometimes, just a couple of hours is enough for the coating to dry. Secondly, absolutely safe and harmless to humans and the environment. This means that during painting work there is no need to urgently leave the premises.

Third, the paint does not have a strong odor, which usually lasts for several weeks after completion of work. Fourth, the coloring composition can be given almost any shade, while adding special pigments. For this, a special colorless composition is even sold. In hardware stores, as a rule, a catalog of colors and pigments suitable for them is offered.

Fifth, the process of applying paint is quite simple, and all tools are easily cleaned with plain water. You don't need to use any solvents. Of the shortcomings, only a few can be distinguished: work can only be done at a temperature of +5 ° C, the material is not cheap. For outdoor work, you need to choose the most expensive paint, because the conditions on the street are significantly different from those indoors.

Water-based paint: technical specifications

Water-based paint for ceilings and walls has the appropriate technical specifications. These include: composition, consumption, specific gravity, viscosity, storage conditions and shelf life. The composition of water-based paint: latex, thickener, fillers, antiseptic. Consumption on one layer about 150-200 ml/m 2 . The number of layers depends on the absorbency of the substrate.

Viscosity water-based paint is determined by a viscometer and should be equal to an average of 40-45 s (when applied with a brush), 20-25 (when using a paint sprayer). In fact, viscosity is an indicator that determines the degree of dilution of the paint with water. That is, water is added to the composition to a certain level, and then they are measured with a viscometer.

Specific gravity water-based paint is about 1.35 kg / l. Adhesion the average is 2.0 MPa. Drying time is from 2 to 24 hours. It all depends on the temperature and humidity of the air. The desired temperature is about + 20 ° C, and humidity - 65%. Keep the paint in a dark place (away from sunlight).

Water-based paint: technical characteristics and production method
Water-based paint, specifications - how do they affect the work process? What material parameters are important to know? About this in the video tutorial.

High-quality coloring is not only the result of the correct use of the coloring composition, but also a combination of certain material characteristics that determine solutions in this direction. When painting and varnishing, the key to success is the selection of such an indicator as the viscosity of the paint in DIN. The table of optimal values ​​presented in this article will help in this matter.

What depends on viscosity?

The very concept of viscosity hardly requires further explanation. But, here are some other characteristics that conditional viscosity itself can influence:

• If the dye is too viscous, it is difficult to evenly distribute it over the entire surface. Excessive layer thickness will lead to the fact that it will take too long to dry. The final strength of the coating, on the contrary, decreases.

A solution that is thick in consistency will not fill the irregularities on the surface. This means that the adhesion deteriorates.

• A large layer thickness is the reason for the formation of smudges and other similar defects.
• An inexpensive spray gun, finally, simply cannot cope with materials that have too high a viscosity. Main principle work for pneumatic sprayers - low pressure in the air stream, suction of paint from the tank. They help those who are interested in how to determine the viscosity of the paint.

If the pressure drop is not enough, then the fixtures will have to be disassembled and then thoroughly washed. Harmful and paint, diluted with additional efforts. The number of layers required for high-quality processing increases. The time costs for this or that work are growing, including those in which the spray gun is involved.

Measurement Features

In what units?

For domestic manufacturers, it is typical to indicate this parameter in seconds. But imported materials suggest the use of a different designation - DIN. What is the meaning behind these combinations? And how is the characteristic measured?

They are only needed to indicate the time (in seconds) after which the composition passes through holes of a certain diameter, previously known. If the paint is more liquid, then it leaves the container faster. In the case of a thick composition, this takes longer. This does not affect how the viscometer is used.

About methods and tools

A viscometer is a special tool used when measuring liquid, a small funnel that strictly has a capacity of 100 milliliters. There is also a hole with a diameter of up to 4 millimeters. Devices with sufficient accuracy for effective use in everyday life cost from 200 to 500 rubles. They are used for the normal measurement of viscosity. Devices used in laboratories are much more expensive. Sometimes the cost reaches hundreds of thousands of rubles.

Instructions for using this device are as simple as possible:

1. First you need to fill the funnel by plugging the inlet with your finger.
2. The stopwatch starts as soon as the hole opens.
3. It remains only to record the time elapsed until the tank is completely empty. Individual drops are not taken into account for the ink viscosity in DIN, the table confirms this.

The temperature of both the paint itself and the surrounding air should not exceed 18-22 degrees. Any compositions will thicken with more low temperatures. And at elevated rates, on the contrary, it decreases. Because of this, the experiment about the viscosity for the paint will not be as effective.

What values ​​are considered optimal?

The manufacturer usually writes on the packaging about which indicator is considered optimal in certain conditions. But information is easy to find on the official website, including for viscous liquids.

Definition of paint viscosity in DIN and table of recommended values
The viscosity of the coating material in DIN, shown in the table, is a key parameter when carrying out repairs. What values ​​are considered optimal?

Water-based paints are currently a very popular, high-quality, affordable and promising repair material. They are easy to apply on cleaned surfaces (concrete, gypsum concrete, wood and pre-plastered), are environmentally friendly and very practical. And in combination with the color scheme, you can always choose the color scheme necessary for the interior.

Advantages of water-based paint

Water-based paint is in demand due to the following characteristics:

• no peeling for a long period of operation,
• no cracks and bad smell,
• ease of application,
• fast drying process
• acceptable cost.

Besides, water-based paint allows you to get almost any shade by adding special pigments. Often, hardware stores provide a catalog of colors and corresponding pigments that match them.

The main disadvantages of water-based paints

Such paints have practically no flaws. At the same time, it should be noted that it is extremely undesirable to apply them on metal and glossy surfaces, due to the presence of a large volume of water in the paint composition.

Today, obvious fakes of “water emulsion” are increasingly appearing on the market, which disappoint consumers. They fit very poorly on the surface to be painted, are overused, get dirty during the drying process and are washed off in case of water ingress.

Technical characteristics of water-based paint

Water-based paint has the following composition: latex, thickener, various fillers and antiseptic. The average consumption of water-based paint is 250 grams per square meter. The number of applied layers will directly depend on the absorbency of the surface to be painted. The viscosity of the paint is determined by special device- viscometer. This indicator should be within 45 s. (when using a brush), and 25 s. (using paint sprayer). By definition, viscosity is an indicator that characterizes the degree of dilution of the paint with water. The specific gravity of the paint is approximately 1.35 kg/l. Adhesion is 2.0 MPa, the final drying time is from 2 to 20 hours (depending on temperature conditions). It is necessary to store the paint in a dark and cool place (away from sunlight).

The main types of paints

Depending on the polymer present in the paint, there are four main types of water-based ( water-dispersion, latex or emulsion) colors:

Even among such a small variety, a potential consumer involuntarily raises a question: "So which water-based paint is better?". Let's take a closer look at the characteristics of each of them.

Acrylic water-based paints - quality first

This type of paint is most popular among professional craftsmen, and among ordinary consumers trying to master the repair on their own.

Based on the name, it becomes clear that acrylic resins are in the composition of the paint as the main component. Such paints are applied to surfaces made of brick, wood, glass, concrete and plaster. The most common representative is veak 1180 water-based paint.

The main disadvantage of such paints is the expensive cost. Therefore, analogue paints with acrylic copolymers have become widespread. Their price is much cheaper than real acrylic, and the quality is not much inferior to the original. Sometimes, to increase the elasticity of the acrylic coating, latex is added to the paint, which causes effective confrontation moisture.

Painted coatings can be safely washed with water without fear of spoiling the applied paint. Manufacturers in the technical characteristics of water-based paint indicate that it is able to withstand up to 5,000 washing cycles with water. When applying a double layer of acrylic-latex paint, cracks on the surface (up to 1 mm thick) can be masked. And they dry out in conditions room temperature in just a few hours.

Silicone water-based paints - ideal for rooms with high humidity

In silicone paints, silicone resins predominate in the composition. They are a universal coloring and masking agent for all surfaces, hiding two-millimeter gaps from prying eyes. Silicone paint is also expensive, but it has a vapor barrier property, ideal for damp areas of the house that tend to form moisture. Thus, the paint will also actively fight the fungus that has appeared, preventing its reappearance.

Silicate water-based paint - an indicator of durability

Silicate water-based paint is a mixture of liquid glass, water with the possible addition of colored pigments. It is characterized by weather resistance and long service life (up to 20 years). But for excessively wet surfaces, it is better to use a different type of paint.

Mineral water-based paints

During the production of mineral water-based paints, slaked lime or cement is added to their composition. They are used for any surfaces in the process of painting walls and ceilings. Their main purpose is painting work with brick and concrete surfaces, which are subject to significant hydraulic loads. Distinctive feature Mineral paints have a short service life, so they gradually cease to be in demand.

Types of water-based paints: advantages and disadvantages
Advantages of water-based paint. The main disadvantages of water-based paints. The main types of colors Specifications water-based paint

Water-based paint for outdoor use is not so often used, but when interior decoration premises, it is used most often. Water-based paint GOST 19214 80 guarantees the quality of the material. Today we will talk about her. There are options when it is not replaceable, but there are cases where it should not be used.

The characteristics of this dye should be chosen not only by color, but also pay attention to the methods of application, since there are different types water based paints.

Also, your attention will be presented with photos and videos, where you can get additional and necessary information.

This material has a number of advantages:

• Can be applied by hand. It is available in different packaging, for example, water-based paint in cans can make it easier to paint small surfaces.
• Acceptable price also attracts the consumer.
• Excellent the ability to hide dark areas on the wall surface we pass with one roller or one spray gun jet;
• The coloring composition of the material has properties that allow quite dry quickly after application;
• Simultaneously, water emulsion is not too liquid and easy to apply to the surface;
• Walls painted with water-based paint in any way are completely covered with a coloring composition, without smudges and traces of brushes and rollers;
• The paint has no particular odor., which distinguishes it from oil formulations, the smell of which lasts for two weeks;
• When painting with a water-based emulsion does not cause harm to health, does not require respiratory protection. Therefore, after completing the work, there is no need to urgently leave the premises;
• With special colors you can get any color of paint, adding them to a colorless composition (see How to tint the paint: we select the option). There is a diverse palette of colors for water emulsion, which allows you to independently create the desired color and shade. Each manufacturer provides its own table displaying shade options;
• Water-based paint for outdoor use is very easy and simple to use, and at the end of the work, the coloring accessories (brushes (see. Brushes for painting: which ones to choose) and rollers) can be easily washed in plain water.

Attention: If you have problems removing this dye, then in retail there is even a wash for water-based paint, which will help to wash everything off quickly enough.

Disadvantages of water-based dyes

The water emulsion has practically no drawbacks.

But they are still there:

• Pretty included in the paint great content water. Therefore, it should not be used for painting metal and glossy objects;
• It is also quite simple to make it yourself and therefore a lot of fakes have appeared. Such a dye is smeared after drying and exfoliates. Therefore, it is better to give preference to trusted brands.

During repair work indoors, walls and ceilings often need to be painted (see How to paint the ceiling with water-based paint to make it perfect). In addition, facade painting works are in demand today.

So:

• The composition of the coloring composition includes an aqueous suspension of pigments, polymeric substances and various fillers. Due to the polymers present in the paint, water evaporates quickly and a thin shell is created on the surface. Water-based dyes are distinguished by their use, properties and cost.
• The main types of water-based dye include polyvinyl acetate, acrylic, latex, silicate and silicone. To answer the question of which type of water emulsion is better to use, it is necessary to consider the main types of this coloring matter and the characteristics corresponding to it.

Properties of polyvinyl acetate water emulsion

Water-based polyvinyl acetate coloring composition is considered one of the cheapest and highest quality. At its core, it contains PVA glue and is used when painting walls and ceilings indoors. The great popularity of paint is caused by its rather low cost.

Advantages of polyvinyl acetate water-based dye:

• It can be used when painting cardboard, wooden, plastered surfaces and other porous materials;
• It is used when painting surfaces in rooms that must comply with high fire safety standards;
• in the composition there are no harmful components, fire and explosion-proof; when using a variety of additives, you can independently create any color and shade, as well as make the coating shiny or matte;
• The cost is much lower than other water-based emulsions;
• Excellent coating for smooth wall surfaces lined with drywall;
• Has a fast drying time.

The disadvantages of polyvinyl acetate water emulsion include:

• Not suitable for coating metal surfaces;
• Afraid of high humidity, therefore not suitable for outdoor work;
• It has rather weak resistant properties, as a result of which it is possible to work with it only in dry rooms.
• Consumption when using a coloring solution is 250 grams of light and 150 grams of dark composition per square meter.

The main properties of water-based acrylic dye

The coloring acrylic composition containing acrylic resins is the leader among other water-based emulsions, due to its strength and elasticity. But it is far from cheap.

There are also analogues on sale with a lower price, in their composition the main component is vinyl-acrylic, styrene-acrylic and acryl-silicon acrylic copolymers, but their quality is not inferior to acrylic water-based emulsion with acrylic resins.

The features of acrylic water-based paint include:

• The possibility of using it when covering surfaces indoors; use when painting surfaces on the street, for example, a brick or concrete facade;
• The paint can be applied to a surface treated with an alkali-containing compound (plaster), but only one month after the end of the work, since the plaster hardens for quite a long time;
• The main properties include low gas permeability, good protection of the concrete solution from corrosion;
• This type of paint is widespread, and you can buy it at any construction market or in a store;
• Acrylic paint is not recommended for painting structures with poor base waterproofing and damp walls. In this case, a silicone or silicate coloring solution is used.

The correct waterproofing of the surface will be provided by the rubber paint "Universal" produced by the "Mizar" plant (St. Petersburg). Despite the improved characteristics, the price and consumption of "Universal" per 1 sq. m lower than that of analogues. This is one of the reasons why Mizar paints and enamels are also supplied under the State Defense Order.

Washable latex-based emulsion

To create a surface that is not exposed to moisture, it is coated with a composition in which latex is added.

• Such a water-based floor paint fit best way. It is also good to use for finishing the kitchen.
• Such a surface can withstand 5000 brushing cycles, while when painting ordinary paints Wiping should be done infrequently and gently. Thanks to these properties, it is most beneficial to paint walls in the kitchen and bathroom.
• In addition, having a water-repellent property, the surface covered with paint has good vapor permeability. A water-based emulsion in two layers is able to cover cracks one millimeter wide, and there is no need to pre-putty it. The type of such a water emulsion has the highest cost.
• The main companies producing washing paints are: Expert, Eco House, DALI, Premiere, Alpalux (ALPA).
• silicate water emulsion
• Represents the mix from liquid glass containing additives of color pigments. It can paint any surface. The paint has an excellent degree of adhesion, is not afraid of moisture, sudden changes in temperature and other atmospheric phenomena.

The main features of the silicate coloring composition include:

• The possibility of using when painting the walls of old structures, as well as at high humidity in the room;
• Walls coated with water-based paint have good air and vapor permeability;
• The paint keeps on the surface of the wall for up to twenty years;

Popular manufacturers of water-based paints

A certificate for water-based paint is issued to each manufacturer separately, although there is only one GOST for water-based paint. Currently, a fairly large number of companies are engaged in the production of various dyes.

From the whole variety of manufacturers, several companies can be distinguished, the demand for their products is quite large. And the water-based paint GOST 28196 89 determines the technical characteristics of this coating.

Attention: How much this dye costs depends on its type and manufacturer. When buying, give preference to trusted brands and this will be a guarantee of quality and durability of the coating.

Self-preparation of water-based paint

In terms of composition, all water emulsions do not have any special differences. They have a viscous base (glue, etc.), fillers, dye and various elements in the form of additives. The type of binder base depends on the area of ​​​​application of the dye.

Oil paints are oil-based, while water-based paints are water-based. Making your own water emulsion is pretty easy.

This will require:

• PVA glue (the main component for viscosity) - from 0.5 to 1 kilogram per ten liters of water;
• Chalk powder (as a filler) - 6 kilograms;
• Plasticizer - 50 grams;
• Dye, to obtain the desired color and shade;
• Non-toxic pigment powder or color for water-based coloring solution.

The cooking process is as follows:

• First you need to dissolve PVA in water, then add a plasticizer and chalk powder to it, and mix to get a homogeneous white composition. Then we add dyes.
• The consistency and viscosity are determined by eye. The resulting mixture should evenly cover the surface and not be very thick.
• To obtain plasticity, you can add large quantity glue and plasticizer. Before staining, the solution must be filtered.

Textured water-based paint or non-combustible water-based paint, all of them must be applied according to the technology. And on this occasion, each of them has instructions on our website, so be sure to read it before work.

Ceilings, floors of the room, furniture in it, as well as window and door structures most often used paint based on water emulsion. Water-based paint, the technical characteristics of which provide the coating with a stable and high-quality color, is highly environmentally friendly and does not have a toxic effect on living organisms.

Principles of formation of the protective composition of water-based paint

The name water-based emulsion comes from the presence of a suspension of pigments in its water base, which together form an emulsion. Dispersed elements are not mixed with the aquatic environment, but are created and exist in parallel with it.

Thus, water-based paint consists of filler, thickener, latex and antiseptic.

After the water dries on the surface, the polymer particles form an even layer of color. The wet paint is easily removed by hand, and its layer does not have an unpleasant odor. The paint is resistant to mechanical stress, but it is not applied to metal surfaces to avoid corrosion from the presence of constant moisture.

Main technical characteristics of water-based paint

Water-based paint, the technical characteristics of which are viscosity, consumption, specific gravity and drying time, has stable performance indicators, is optimally suited for processing interior surfaces of residential premises.

The degree of dilution of the coloring mass with water is indicated by the viscosity index, measured with a viscometer.

The consumption of emulsion paint directly depends on the absorbency of the receiving surface and ranges from 100 to 200 milliliters per square meter of surface, painted over with a layer of paint one millimeter thick.

The specific gravity of water-based paint is about 1.3 kilograms per liter.

The drying time of water-based paint depends on humidity and air temperature and ranges from two hours to a day. The optimum drying conditions are considered to be an air temperature of +20 degrees Celsius and 65% humidity.

The shelf life of emulsion paint largely depends on the conditions of its storage (ideally, a cool dark place) and averages 24 months.

The characteristics of water-dispersion paint are fully reflected in the data of GOST 28196-89.

Specifications according to GOST

Water-based paint, the technical characteristics (GOST) of which are registered under the number 28196-89, is called water-dispersion paint, represented by suspensions of pigments and fillers enclosed in an aqueous dispersion of synthetic polymers, to which various excipients are added, such as an emulsifier, stabilizer and others.

GOST 28196-89 replaced the obsolete GOST 19214-80, GOST 20833-75, TU 6-10-1260-87, TU 6-10-2031-85, TU 6-10-2054-86, TU 6-10-2081 -86 concerning paints and varnishes. All water-dispersion paints are fireproof, and their production and operation are possible only in ventilated rooms.

According to GOST, their transportation and storage should be carried out in sealed containers at temperatures above 0 degrees, but a short-term drop in temperature to -40 degrees is allowed within one month.

Water-based paint, the technical characteristics of which provide its light-reflecting properties, undergoes a determination of light fastness in production - an experimental segment is placed under a special lamp for 24 hours, then for 2 hours in complete darkness, and then compared with expert samples.

Features of using VEAK water-dispersion paint

Water-based paint VEAK, the technical characteristics of which are among the most necessary for safe and fast work in the space of residential premises, is optimally suited for home repairs.

She has White color and a set of additional pigments, with which you can get any desired color.

In each case, the surfaces to be painted must be perfectly smooth and dry - under such conditions, the consumption of HAEK will be less than 150 grams per square meter. It perfectly adheres to old and already painted surfaces, because it has a latex base and dries within 4 hours.

Since VEAK is a water-based acrylic paint, the technical characteristics allow dilution with water, but not more than 10 percent of the main volume. Chemical thinners must not be used. The properties of the paint make it possible to wash the surfaces painted with it with warm water, but the tools should be cleaned of it immediately after work is completed.

At optimal conditions the painted surface does not lose color and strength for 7 years.

Features of using polyvinyl acetate paint

Similar in quality and service life, as well as the application mechanism, is polyvinyl acetate water-based paint, the technical characteristics of which allow it to be used in painting not only the internal surfaces of the building, but also cardboard, plywood, drywall and wood.

Polyvinyl acetate but extremely afraid of temperature differences and high humidity. This water-based paint, the technical characteristics of which allow it to be used for surface finishing, and due to which it dries completely in two hours.

The consumption of polyvinyl acetate emulsion paint is about 200 milliliters per square meter; to paint over stains, you will have to apply it in several layers. The higher consumption and the specificity of the composition compared to others make it more expensive in cost.

Specific features of water-based paint "Tex"

When choosing the type and company of a paint and varnish product, you should also pay attention to the Tex water-based paint. It is a silicone-modified acrylate-based viscous liquid, characterized by snow-white luster, moderate consumption and ease of application. For her, a full range of colors is produced.

Water-based paint "Tex", the technical characteristics of which allow it to be applied to brick, concrete, wooden surfaces, used for processing walls and ceilings; it forms a practical matte film on the plane, allowing air to circulate freely between the thickness of the paint and the surface material. However, the main and obvious disadvantage of Tex paint is its heat sensitivity - the air in the room when using it should be warmer than +5 degrees Celsius.

General principles for the care and cleaning of surfaces coated with water-dispersion paint

Any water-based paint - washable; the technical characteristics of this paint make it possible not only to easily and quickly apply the material to a vertical or horizontal surface with a roller and brush, but also to wipe this surface with a damp cloth for a long time.

To clean building tools and clothing from such paint, soap suds are also used (for polyvinyl acetate suspensions); acrylic emulsion paint must first be damaged with a spatula - for a faster removal rate, the desired area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe painted surface is first pasted over with paper or newspapers, planting them on jelly-like starch or ordinary wallpaper paste.

It is possible to clean areas of the surface from using a spatula - burning fragments of the surface and removing them with a blade.

Chemical solvents are also suitable for removing water-based paint, having a gradual destructive effect, but they emit an unpleasant odor and are toxic to the body.

Before working with water-based paint, it is necessary to level, plaster and, if necessary, putty all surfaces. Despite the environmental friendliness of the paint, you still need to prepare goggles, a respirator and gloves for work.

A can of paint is shaken, its contents are mixed and diluted with water according to the instructions. The paint is applied to the putty walls in three layers, on the wallpaper - in one. The paint is applied in parallel stripes from the window to the wall. Brushes, rollers, spatulas and spray guns are used as application tools.

Today, water-based paint for walls and ceilings is very popular for repair work. It has many advantages, is functional and at the same time is very affordable. If you decide to use this material, it will be very useful to learn about the features and technical characteristics of water-based paint.

Water-based paint is a water-based material that forms a film with an emulsion of polymer components - polyvinyl acetate, polyacrylate, styrene-butadiene, etc. It has excellent performance properties, fire safety, and environmental friendliness.

When choosing water-based composition the following factors, characteristics and features should be taken into account:

• Paint components. The composition of the aqueous solution may include various fillers, thickeners, antiseptic substances. It is the composition of the paint that affects its purpose and scope - it can be rooms with high humidity, external or internal surfaces.
• Sphere of use. Different compositions can be intended for staining various types surfaces, such as wood or concrete, and can be universal. These characteristics of water-based paint are affected by the composition.
• Paint consumption. Calculate the amount of paint in milliliters, based on how much it will take to cover 1 sq. m in one layer. The average is 180 ml per square meter. It is important to take into account such factors as the condition of the surface and its appearance.
• Specific gravity. High-quality water-dispersion paint has a density that is approximately 1.5 kg per 1 liter of composition.
• Viscosity. This characteristic of the water-based composition indicates the degree of dilution with a liquid. To work with a roller or brush, the viscosity should be 40–45 St. If the composition is applied by means of an airbrush, then no more than 25 Art.
• Humidity of the environment. It should be taken into account during the application and subsequent operation of the coating.
• Drying time water-based composition. It ranges from 2 hours to a day. The difference depends on indoor humidity and ventilation, which affect the evaporation of water. The recommended operating temperature is 20 degrees Celsius, and the air humidity is 70%.
• Storage conditions. Best before date. Coating service life. The shelf life of water-based paints is limited to 24 months from the date of production. After the paint should be stored in a dark cool place and prevent it from freezing.

Good to know!

Water-based paint always has a white color, and various shades are given to it by adding special pigments and dyes.

Now water-based paints are gaining popularity. This is due to their practicality and low cost. In addition, it is easily applied to the cleaned surface, so even a beginner can use it. The material does not have such an unpleasant odor as others, so it can be safely used for interior work. Its use will not cause any discomfort. From this article you can find out what types of water-based paint are, and what are the characteristics of each.

Advantages and technical characteristics of water-based paints

The composition of the water emulsion includes components such as latex, antiseptic, fillers and thickeners. The material consumption is not too large and is 250 grams per 1 square meter. Sometimes it may be necessary to apply several layers. Their number depends on how the surface has a predisposition to absorption.

Viscosity varies depending on the way the product is applied to the surface. If water-based paint is applied to the surface with a brush, then its viscosity is 40-45, but if a spray gun is used for work, then this indicator varies between 20 and 25.

The coating dries within 20 hours, but sometimes this figure may be less. Keep a jar of water emulsion away from sunlight in a cool place.

Water-based paint has become highly demanded due to the following qualities:

• No unpleasant chemical smell when painting;
• Quick and easy application;
• Low price;
• Long period of operation without the formation of cracks and flaking;
• The ability to create any color with the help of color.

But all these qualities are available only for the material that meets the requirements of GOST.

The main types of water-based paints

Since they contain a variety of polymers, it is possible to divide all water-based paints into several types:

• polyvinyl acetate;
• silicate;
• acrylic;
• Silicone.

Consumers, in view of such a huge variety, have a fair question about the choice. Further, all these types will be considered in terms of application and the presence of shortcomings.

Polyvinyl acetate water-based paint

Polyvinyl acetate water-based paint is perfect for all interior work, whether painting walls or ceilings. The basis for it is PVA.

The main advantages of this type are:

1. The absence of components harmful to human health, complete explosion and fire safety.
2. Used for painting porous surfaces.
3. Relatively low cost.
4. Fast drying.
5. When adding special substances gives a glossy or matte effect.
6. This type is the best water-based paint for wood.

Along with a lot of advantages, there are disadvantages that can be identified if used incorrectly:

• Weak resistance, so the possibility of painting it is considered only in dry rooms.
• Susceptibility to moisture, as a result of which, finishing with such paint is possible only inside the house.

Important! It is impossible to decorate metal surfaces with PVA paint.

Its consumption depends on the shade: light will need 250 grams per 1 sq. m, and dark 150 grams for the same area.

Produced this species finishing material according to GOST, but it is also possible to voluntarily certify the material, but only in accordance with the existing GOST. In any case, the manufacturer must have a certificate for water-based paint of this type.

Silicate water-based paint

This type is a solution of liquid glass with all kinds of additives. It is suitable for both indoor and outdoor work. Silicate water emulsion is resistant to temperature and humidity changes, has a long service life without constant renewal.

This type is mainly used for painting wet rooms inside the house, as well as the facades of buildings that are affected by ground water. The coating is breathable with high vapor and air permeability.

Acrylic water-based paint

This type of water emulsion occupies a leading position in the construction market, since the acrylic resins included in it have a number of advantages. But acrylic paint is noticeably more expensive than all other types.

Features of water-based acrylic paint:

1. It is used for painting walls and ceilings and all related interior work.
2. Indispensable for painting the facades of buildings made of concrete and brick.
3. Suitable for plastered walls. But such work must be carried out a month after the completion of work with plaster, so that the surface has time to harden.
4. Protects reinforced concrete against corrosion due to low gas permeability.
5. Not suitable for painting damp indoor surfaces.

Now they also produce similar in quality, but noticeably cheap analogues: styrene-acrylic, vinyl-acrylic and acryl-silicon solutions. A small visual preview of the material can be viewed at the link:

Washable paint based on latex or silicone

This type is perfect for any wet room or where constant wet cleaning is required using sponges and brushes. This coating is resistant to regular brushing, which is possible due to the use of latex in the production.

Latex water-based paint is the most expensive among water-based paints due to its water-repellent properties, but at the same time good vapor permeability. In addition, such compositions are able to bridge small cracks on the surface, which can preclude preliminary alignment.

Silicone also has similar properties to latex, due to the presence of silicone in the composition. Such paints are actively fighting the fungus, which often appears in wet rooms, and prevent its reappearance.

Separately, one can single out another type of water-based paint, which is gradually becoming less and less popular - these are mineral ones. They include cement or slaked lime. The main purpose of such compositions is the painting of concrete and brick surfaces. The main disadvantage of this type of water-based paint is a relatively short service life.

Criteria for choosing water-based paints

Since in the manufacture of water-based paints it is not necessary to use complex mechanisms and rare substances, many manufacturers appear who, taking advantage of the ease of production, produce low-quality products. The main rule when choosing this product is the manufacturer, who is already engaged in the production long time. Tex water-based paint is very popular, it received a lot of positive feedback from repair masters and just those who are engaged in finishing repairs on their own. Such products have a certificate of conformity with GOST.

Be sure to have a mark on the bank that the material complies with GOST. This is an indicator that this finishing material is not a fake and its production was carried out under strict control.

The choice of material for a certain type of work occurs according to the marking on the container. First, the can is abbreviated as water-dispersed (VD), after these letters comes the designation of the polymer that is in the composition, and the number after it just indicates the purpose of the product:

1. External works;
2. Internal work.

Among the diversity finishing materials the construction market can be confusing. But, if you have chosen water-based paint, then after reading this article, you can learn about its types and the scope of work for which this or that type is intended. Water-based paint is an excellent solution for both exterior and interior work. It is only necessary to choose its type correctly, having carefully studied the composition and the information that is indicated on the package.