Do-it-yourself generator from an asynchronous motor. Asynchronous electric motor as a generator How to make an electric generator yourself

For the needs of the construction of a private residential house or cottage home master you may need an autonomous source of electrical energy, which you can buy in a store or assemble with your own hands from available parts.

Homemade generator is able to run on the energy of gasoline, gas or diesel fuel. To do this, it must be connected to the engine through a shock-absorbing clutch that ensures smooth rotation of the rotor.

If local environmental conditions allow, for example, frequent winds blow or a source of running water is nearby, then you can create a wind or hydraulic turbine and connect it to an asynchronous three-phase motor to generate electricity.

Due to such a device, you will have a constantly working alternative source of electricity. It will reduce energy consumption from public networks and allow savings on its payment.

In some cases, it is permissible to use a single-phase voltage to rotate an electric motor and transmit torque to it. homemade generator to create your own three-phase symmetrical network.

How to choose an asynchronous motor for a generator by design and characteristics

Technological features

The basis of a homemade generator is a three-phase asynchronous electric motor with:

• phase;
• or squirrel-cage rotor.

Stator device

The magnetic circuits of the stator and rotor are made of insulated plates of electrical steel, in which grooves are created to accommodate the winding wires.

The three individual stator windings can be wired in the factory as follows:

• stars;
• or a triangle.

Their conclusions are connected inside the terminal box and connected with jumpers. The power cable is also installed here.

In some cases, wires and cables can be connected in other ways.

For every phase induction motor symmetrical voltages are applied, shifted in angle by a third of the circle. They form currents in the windings.

These quantities are conveniently expressed in vector form.

Design features of the rotors

Wound rotor motors

They are provided with a winding made according to the stator model, and the leads from each are connected to slip rings, which provide electrical contact with the start-up and adjustment circuit through pressure brushes.

This design is quite difficult to manufacture, expensive in cost. It requires periodic monitoring of work and qualified maintenance. For these reasons, it makes no sense to use it in this design for a home-made generator.

However, if there is a similar motor and it has no other application, then the conclusions of each winding (those ends that are connected to the rings) can be shorted to each other. In this way, the phase rotor will turn into a short-circuited one. It can be connected according to any scheme considered below.

Squirrel cage motors

Aluminum is poured inside the grooves of the rotor magnetic circuit. The winding is made in the form of a rotating squirrel cage (for which it received such an additional name) with jumper rings short-circuited at the ends.

This is the simplest motor circuit, which is devoid of moving contacts. Due to this, it works for a long time without the intervention of electricians, it is characterized by increased reliability. It is recommended to use it to create a homemade generator.

Designations on the motor housing

In order for a homemade generator to work reliably, you need to pay attention to:

• , which characterizes the quality of protection of the body from the effects of the external environment;
• power consumption;
• speed;
• winding connection diagram;
• permissible load currents;
• Efficiency and cosine φ.

The principle of operation of an induction motor as a generator

Its implementation is based on the method of electric machine reversibility. If the motor is disconnected from the mains voltage, the rotor is forced to rotate at the calculated speed, then EMF will be induced in the stator winding due to the presence of residual energy of the magnetic field.

It remains only to connect a capacitor bank of the appropriate rating to the windings and a capacitive leading current will flow through them, which has the character of a magnetizing one.

In order for the generator to self-excite, and a symmetrical system of three-phase voltages to form on the windings, it is necessary to select the capacitance of the capacitors, which is greater than a certain, critical value. In addition to its value, the design of the engine naturally affects the output power.

For the normal generation of three-phase energy with a frequency of 50 Hz, it is necessary to maintain the rotor speed exceeding the asynchronous component by the amount of slip S, which lies within S=2÷10%. It needs to be kept at the synchronous frequency level.

The deviation of the sinusoid from the standard frequency value will adversely affect the operation of equipment with electric motors: saws, planers, various machine tools and transformers. This has practically no effect on resistive loads with heating elements and incandescent lamps.

Wiring diagrams

In practice, all common methods of connecting the stator windings of an induction motor are used. Choosing one of them creates various conditions for the operation of the equipment and generate a voltage of certain values.

Star schemes

A popular option for connecting capacitors

The connection diagram of an asynchronous motor with star-connected windings for operation as a three-phase network generator has a standard form.

Scheme of an asynchronous generator with connection of capacitors to two windings

This option is quite popular. It allows you to power three groups of consumers from two windings:

• two voltage 220 volts;
• one - 380.

The working and starting capacitors are connected to the circuit by separate switches.

Based on the same circuit, you can create a home-made generator with capacitors connected to one winding of an induction motor.

triangle diagram

When assembling the stator windings according to the star circuit, the generator will produce a three-phase voltage of 380 volts. If you switch them to a triangle, then - 220.

The three schemes shown above in the pictures are basic, but not the only ones. Based on them, other connection methods can be created.

How to calculate the characteristics of the generator by engine power and capacitor capacitance

To create normal operating conditions for an electric machine, it is necessary to observe the equality of its rated voltage and power in the generator and electric motor modes.

For this purpose, the capacitance of the capacitors is selected taking into account the reactive power Q generated by them at various loads. Its value is calculated by the expression:

Q=2π∙f∙C∙U 2

From this formula, knowing the power of the engine, to ensure full load, you can calculate the capacity of the capacitor bank:

C \u003d Q / 2π ∙ f ∙ U 2

However, the mode of operation of the generator should be taken into account. At idle, the capacitors will unnecessarily load the windings and heat them up. This leads to large energy losses, overheating of the structure.

To eliminate this phenomenon, capacitors are connected in steps, determining their number depending on the applied load. To simplify the selection of capacitors for starting an asynchronous motor in generator mode, a special table has been created.

Generator power (kVA)	Full load mode				Idle mode
	cos φ=0.8		cos φ=1		Q (kvar)	C (uF)
	Q (kvar)	C (uF)	Q (kvar)	C (uF)
15	15,5	342	7,8	172	5,44	120
10	11,1	245	5,9	130	4,18	92
7	8,25	182	4,44	98	3,36	74
5	6,25	138	3,4	75	2,72	60
3,5	4,53	100	2,54	56	2,04	45
2	2,72	60	1,63	36	1,27	28

Starting capacitors of the K78-17 series and the like with an operating voltage of 400 volts or more are well suited for use as part of a capacitive battery. It is quite acceptable to replace them with metal-paper counterparts with the corresponding denominations. They will have to be connected in parallel.

It is not worth using models of electrolytic capacitors to work in the circuits of an asynchronous home-made generator. They are designed for DC circuits, and when passing a sinusoid that changes in direction, they quickly fail.

There is a special scheme for connecting them for such purposes, when each half-wave is directed by diodes to its assembly. But it's pretty complicated.

Design

The autonomous device of the power plant must fully provide the operating equipment and be carried out by a single module, including a hinged electrical panel with devices:

• measurements - with a voltmeter up to 500 volts and a frequency meter;
• switching loads - three switches (one general supplies voltage from the generator to the consumer circuit, and the other two connect capacitors);
• protection - eliminating the consequences of short circuits or overloads and), saving workers from insulation breakdown and phase potential entering the case.

Main power redundancy

When creating a home-made generator, it is necessary to provide for its compatibility with the grounding circuit of the working equipment, and for autonomous operation, it must be securely connected to.

If the power plant is created for backup power supply of devices operating from the state network, then it should be used when the voltage is turned off from the line, and when it is restored, it should be stopped. To this end, it is enough to install a switch that controls all phases simultaneously or connect a complex automatic system for switching on backup power.

Voltage selection

The 380 volt circuit has an increased risk of human injury. It is used in extreme cases, when it is not possible to get by with a phase value of 220.

Generator overload

Such modes create excessive heating of the windings with subsequent destruction of the insulation. They occur when the currents passing through the windings are exceeded due to:

1. improper selection of capacitor capacitance;
2. connection of high power consumers.

In the first case, it is necessary to carefully monitor the thermal regime during idling. With excessive heating, it is necessary to adjust the capacitance of the capacitors.

Features of connecting consumers

The total power of a three-phase generator consists of three parts generated in each phase, which is 1/3 of the total. The current passing through one winding must not exceed the rated value. This must be taken into account when connecting consumers, distribute them evenly over the phases.

When a homemade generator is designed to operate on two phases, it cannot safely generate electricity more than 2/3 of the total value, and if only one phase is involved, then only 1/3.

Frequency control

The frequency meter allows you to monitor this indicator. When it was not installed in the design of a home-made generator, then you can use the indirect method: at idle, the output voltage exceeds the nominal 380/220 by 4 ÷ 6% at a frequency of 50 Hz.

One of the options for making a home-made generator from an asynchronous motor and its capabilities are shown in their video by the owners of the Maria channel with Alexander Kostenko.

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The universal use of electricity in all spheres of human activity is associated with the search for free electricity. Because of what, a new milestone in the development of electrical engineering was an attempt to create a generator free energy, which would significantly reduce the cost or reduce to zero the cost of obtaining electricity. The most promising source for the implementation of this problem is free energy.

What is free energy?

The term free energy arose during the time of large-scale introduction and operation of engines internal combustion when the problem of obtaining electric current directly depended on the coal, wood or oil products spent for this. Therefore, free energy is understood as such a force, for the production of which there is no need to burn fuel and, accordingly, to spend any resources.

The first attempts to scientifically substantiate the possibility of obtaining free energy were laid by Helmholtz, Gibbs and Tesla. The first of them developed the theory of creating a system in which the generated electricity must be equal to or greater than that spent for the initial start-up, that is, obtaining a perpetual motion machine. Gibbs suggested the possibility of obtaining energy by flowing chemical reaction so long that it is enough for a full power supply. Tesla observed energy in all natural phenomena and expressed the theory of the presence of ether - a substance that permeates everything around us.

Today you can observe the implementation of these principles for obtaining free energy in. Some of them have long stood at the service of mankind and help to obtain alternative energy from wind, sun, rivers, tides. These are the same solar panels, hydroelectric power plants that helped to curb the forces of nature, which are freely available. But along with already justified and implemented free energy generators, there are concepts of fuelless engines that try to circumvent the law of conservation of energy.

The problem of conservation of energy

The main stumbling block in getting free electricity is the law of conservation of energy. Due to the presence of electrical resistance in the generator itself, connecting wires and other elements of the electrical network, according to the laws of physics, there is a loss of output power. Energy is consumed and its replenishment requires constant replenishment from the outside, or the generation system must create such an excess of electrical energy that it is enough to power the load and maintain the operation of the generator. From a mathematical point of view, a free energy generator should have an efficiency of more than 1, which does not fit into the framework of standard physical phenomena.

Diagram and design of the Tesla generator

Nikola Tesla became the discoverer of physical phenomena and created on their basis many electrical devices, for example, Tesla transformers, which are used by mankind to this day. Throughout the history of his activity, he has patented thousands of inventions, among which there is more than one free energy generator.

Rice. 1: Tesla Free Energy Generator

Look at Figure 1, here is the principle of generating electricity using a free energy generator assembled from Tesla coils. This device involves obtaining energy from the ether, for which the coils included in its composition are tuned to a resonant frequency. To obtain energy from the surrounding space in this system, the following geometric relationships must be observed:

• winding diameter;
• wire sections for each of the windings;
• distance between coils.

Known today various options the use of Tesla coils in the design of other free energy generators. However, no significant results of their application have yet been achieved. Although some inventors claim the opposite, and keep the result of their developments in the strictest confidence, demonstrating only the final effect of the generator. In addition to this model, other inventions of Nikola Tesla are known, which are generators of free energy.

Magnetic free energy generator

The effect of the interaction of a magnetic field and a coil is widely used in. And in a free energy generator, this principle is used not to rotate a magnetized shaft by supplying electrical impulses to the windings, but to supply a magnetic field to an electric coil.

The impetus for the development of this direction was the effect obtained by applying voltage to an electromagnet (a coil wound on a magnetic circuit). In this case, a nearby permanent magnet is attracted to the ends of the magnetic circuit and remains attracted even after the coil is powered off. A permanent magnet creates a constant flux of a magnetic field in the core, which will hold the structure until it is torn off by physical force. This effect was applied in the creation of a permanent magnet free energy generator circuit.

Rice. 2. The principle of operation of the generator on magnets

Look at Figure 2, to create such a free energy generator and power the load from it, it is necessary to form an electromagnetic interaction system, which consists of:

• starting coil (I);
• locking coil (IV);
• supply coil (II);
• support coil (III).

The circuit also includes a control transistor VT, a capacitor C, diodes VD, a limiting resistor R and a load Z H.

This free energy generator is turned on by pressing the "Start" button, after which the control pulse is applied through VD6 and R6 to the base of the transistor VT1. When a control pulse arrives, the transistor opens and closes the current flow circuit through the starting coils I. After that electricity will flow through the coils I and excite the magnetic circuit, which will attract a permanent magnet. In the closed circuit of the magnet core and the permanent magnet, lines of force magnetic field.

EMF is induced from the flowing magnetic flux in coils II, III, IV. The electrical potential from the IV coil is fed to the base of the transistor VT1, creating a control signal. The EMF in coil III is designed to maintain the magnetic flux in the magnetic circuits. The EMF in coil II provides power to the load.

The stumbling block in the practical implementation of such a free energy generator is the creation of a variable magnetic flux. To do this, it is recommended to install two circuits with permanent magnets in the circuit, in which the lines of force have the opposite direction.

In addition to the above free energy generator on magnets, today there are a number of similar devices designed by Searle, Adams and other developers, the generation of which is based on the use of a constant magnetic field.

Followers of Nikola Tesla and their generators

The seeds of incredible inventions sown by Tesla created in the minds of applicants an unquenchable thirst to translate into reality the fantastic ideas of creating a perpetual motion machine and send mechanical generators to the dusty shelf of history. The most famous inventors used the principles set forth by Nikola Tesla in their devices. Consider the most popular of them.

Lester Hendershot

Hendershot developed a theory about the possibility of using the Earth's magnetic field to generate electricity. Leicester presented the first models back in the 1930s, but they were never in demand by his contemporaries. Structurally, the Hendershot generator consists of two counter-wound coils, two transformers, capacitors and a movable solenoid.

Rice. 3: general view of the Hendershot generator

The operation of such a free energy generator is possible only with its strict orientation from north to south, therefore, a compass must be used to set up the work. Coils are wound on wooden bases with multidirectional winding in order to reduce the effect of mutual induction (when inducing EMF in them, in reverse side EMF will not be induced). In addition, the coils must be tuned by a resonant circuit.

John Bedini

Bedini introduced his free energy generator in 1984, a feature of the patented device was an energizer - a device with a constant torque that does not lose momentum. This effect was achieved by installing several permanent magnets on the disk, which, when interacting with the electromagnetic coil, create impulses in it and repel from the ferromagnetic base. Due to this, the free energy generator received the effect of self-feeding.

Later Bedini generators became known through a school experiment. The model turned out to be much simpler and did not represent something grandiose, but it was able to perform the functions of a generator of free electricity for about 9 days without outside help.

Rice. 4: circuit diagram Bedini generator

Look at Figure 4, here is a schematic diagram of the free energy generator of that same school project. It uses the following elements:

• a rotating disk with several permanent magnets (energizer);
• a coil with a ferromagnetic base and two windings;
• battery (in this example, it was replaced with a 9V battery);
• control unit of a transistor (T), resistor (R) and diode (D);
• the current collection is organized from an additional coil that feeds the LED, but it can also be powered from the battery circuit.

With the start of rotation, permanent magnets create a magnetic excitation in the core of the coil, which induces an EMF in the windings of the output coils. Due to the direction of the turns in the start winding, the current begins to flow, as shown in the figure below, through the start winding, resistor and diode.

Rice. 5: Starting the Bedini Generator

When the magnet is directly above the solenoid, the core is saturated and the stored energy becomes sufficient to open the transistor T. When the transistor is opened, the current begins to flow in the working winding, which recharges the battery.

Figure 6: Starting the floating charge winding

The energy at this stage becomes sufficient to magnetize the ferromagnetic core from the working winding, and it receives the pole of the same name with a magnet located above it. Thanks to the magnetic pole in the core, the magnet on the spinning wheel is repelled from this pole and accelerates the further movement of the energizer. With the acceleration of the movement, the pulses in the windings occur more and more often, and the LED switches from a flashing mode to a constant glow mode.

Alas, such a free energy generator is not perpetual motion machine, in practice, he allowed the system to work dozens of times longer than it could function on a single battery, but eventually stops anyway.

Tariel Kapanadze

Kapanadze developed a model of his free energy generator in the 80s and 90s of the last century. The mechanical device was based on the work of an improved Tesla coil, as the author himself claimed, a compact generator could feed consumers with a power of 5 kW. In the 2000s, an industrial-scale 100 kW Kapanadze generator was tried to be built in Turkey, according to technical specifications he needed only 2 kW to start and work.

Rice. 7: Kapanadze generator circuit diagram

The figure above shows a schematic diagram of a free energy generator, but the main parameters of the circuit remain a trade secret.

Practical schemes of free energy generators

Despite the large number of existing free energy generator circuits, very few of them can boast of real results that could be tested and repeated at home.

Rice. 8: working scheme Tesla generator

Figure 8 above is a free energy generator circuit that you can replicate at home. This principle was set forth by Nikola Tesla, for its operation a metal plate is used, isolated from the ground and located on some kind of hill. The plate is a receiver of electromagnetic oscillations in the atmosphere, this includes a fairly wide range of radiation (solar, radio magnetic waves, static electricity from movement air masses etc.)

The receiver is connected to one of the capacitor plates, and the second plate is grounded, which creates the required potential difference. The only stumbling block to its industrial implementation is the need to isolate a large plate on a hill to power at least a private house.

Modern look and new developments

Despite the widespread interest in creating a free energy generator, they still cannot oust the classical method of generating electricity from the market. The developers of the past, who put forward bold theories about a significant reduction in the cost of electricity, lacked the technical perfection of the equipment or the parameters of the elements could not provide the desired effect. And thanks to scientific and technological progress, humanity receives more and more new inventions that make the embodiment of a free energy generator already tangible. It should be noted that today free energy generators operating on the power of the sun and wind have already been received and actively operated.

But, at the same time, on the Internet you can find offers to purchase such devices, although for the most part these are dummies created to deceive an ignorant person. And a small percentage of really working free energy generators, whether on resonant transformers, coils or permanent magnets, can only cope with the power supply of low-power consumers, provide electricity, for example, a private house or lighting in the yard they can't. Free energy generators are a promising direction, but their practical implementation has not yet been implemented.

Constant and uninterrupted supply of electricity in the house is the key to a pleasant and comfortable pastime at any time of the year. To organize self-catering suburban area, we will have to resort to mobile installations - electric generators, which in last years especially popular due to the large range of different capacities.

Scope of application

Many are interested in how to make an electric generator for suburban area? We will talk about this below. In most cases, an asynchronous alternator is applicable, which will produce energy for the operation of electrical appliances. In an asynchronous generator, the speed of rotation of the rotors than in a synchronous one and the efficiency will be higher.

However, power plants have found their application in a wider range, as an excellent means for extracting energy, namely:

• They are used in wind farms.
• Used as welding machines.
• They provide autonomous support for electricity in the house on a par with a miniature hydroelectric power station.

The unit is switched on using the input voltage. Often, the device is connected to power to start, but this is not a very logical and rational solution for a mini-station, which itself must generate electricity, and not consume it to start. Therefore, in recent years, generators with self-excitation or series switching of capacitors have been actively produced.

How an electric generator works

An asynchronous power generator produces a resource if the speed of rotation of the motor is faster than synchronous. The most common generator operates on parameters from 1500 rpm.

It produces power if the rotor at start is running faster than the synchronous speed. The difference between these figures is called slip and is calculated as a percentage of the synchronous speed. However, the stator speed is even higher than the rotor speed. Due to this, a stream of charged particles is formed that changes polarity.

Watch the video, how it works:

When energized, the connected power generator device takes control of the synchronous speed by independently controlling the slip. The energy leaving the stator passes through the rotor, however, the active power has already moved to the stator coils.

The basic principle of operation of an electric generator is to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. To start the rotor to generate power, a strong torque is needed. The most adequate option, according to electricians, is "perpetual idle", which maintains one speed of rotation during the operation of the generator.

Why use an asynchronous generator

Unlike a synchronous generator, an asynchronous one has a huge number of advantages and benefits. The main factor in choosing the asynchronous option was the low clear factor. A high clear factor characterizes the quantitative presence of higher harmonics in the output voltage. They cause useless heating of the motor and uneven rotation. Synchronous generators have a clear factor value of 5-15%, in asynchronous generators it does not exceed 2%. It follows from this that an asynchronous power generator produces only useful energy.

A little about the asynchronous generator and its connection:

An equally significant advantage of this type of generator is the complete absence of rotating windings and electronic parts that are sensitive to damage and external factors. Hence, this species devices are not subject to active wear and will last longer.

How to make a generator with your own hands

Device asynchronous alternator

The purchase of an asynchronous electric generator is a rather expensive pleasure for the average resident of our country. Therefore, many craftsmen resort to solving the issue of self assembly apparatus. The principle of operation, as well as the design, is quite simple. With all the tools, assembly will not take more than 1-2 hours.

According to the above-described principle of operation of the electric generator, all equipment should be adjusted so that the rotations are faster than the engine revolutions. To do this, you must connect the engine to the network and start it. Use a tachometer or tachogenerator to calculate RPM.

After determining the value of the engine speed, add 10% to it. If the rotation speed is 1500 rpm, then the generator should be running at 1650 rpm.

Now you need to remake the asynchronous generator "for yourself", using capacitors of the required capacities. Use the following plate to determine the type and capacity:

We hope that it is already clear how to assemble an electric generator with your own hands, but please note: the capacitance of the capacitors should not be very high, otherwise the generator running on diesel fuel will get very hot.

Install the capacitors according to the calculation. Installation requires a fair amount of attention. Ensure good insulation, if necessary, use special coatings.

Based on the engine, the generator assembly process is completed. Now it can already be used as a necessary source of energy. Remember that in the case when the device has a squirrel-cage rotor and produces a sufficiently serious voltage that exceeds 220 volts, it is necessary to install a step-down transformer that stabilizes the voltage at the required level. Remember that in order for all appliances in the house to work, there must be strict control of a home-made 220-volt electric generator in terms of voltage.

Watch the video, the stages of work:

For a generator that will run at low power, single-phase induction motors from old or unwanted household appliances, such as washing machines, drainage pumps, lawn mowers, chainsaws, etc. Motors from these household appliances should be connected in parallel with the winding. Alternatively, phase-shifting capacitors can be used. They rarely differ in the required power, so it will need to be increased to the required performance.

Such generators show themselves very well when it is necessary to power light bulbs, modems and other small devices with a stable active voltage. With certain knowledge, you can connect an electric generator to an electric stove or heater.

The ready-to-operate generator should be installed so that it is not affected by precipitation and environment. Take care of an additional casing that will protect the installation from adverse conditions.

Almost every asynchronous generator, be it brushless, electric, gasoline or diesel generator, it is considered a device with sufficient high level danger. Handle such equipment very carefully and always keep it protected from external weather and mechanical influences or make a casing for it.

We watch video good advice specialist:

Any autonomous unit should be equipped with special measuring instruments, which will capture and display performance data. To do this, you can use a tachometer, voltmeter and frequency meter.

• Equip the generator with an on/off button if possible. You can use manual start to start.
• Some power generators need to be grounded before use, carefully assess the area and select a site for installation.
• When converting mechanical energy into electrical energy, sometimes the coefficient useful action can drop up to 30%.
• If you are not confident in your abilities or are afraid to do something wrong, we advise you to purchase a generator in the appropriate store. Sometimes the risks can turn out to be extremely deplorable ...
• Monitor the temperature of the asynchronous generator and its thermal regime.

Results

Despite their ease of implementation, homemade power generators are very painstaking work that requires complete focus on design and proper connection. The assembly is financially feasible only if you already have a workable and unnecessary engine. Otherwise, you will pay more than half of its cost for the main element of the installation, and the total costs may significantly exceed the market value of the generator.

The desire to make your home completely autonomous is inherent in every owner country cottage and even a small cottage. But if there are no special problems with water and sewerage, then centralized electrical networks often throw up unpleasant moments. Therefore, many are trying to acquire autonomous mini-power plants that could support the work household appliances in the event of a network failure.

But such equipment is very expensive and not everyone can afford it. How to act in such a situation? You can buy one unit for several houses in a pool, but then it must have more power, and, therefore, a high price. There is a cheaper option - to assemble an electric generator with your own hands, using available tools for this. Can anyone make such a device? Let's try to find out by analyzing the information on the network.

What are generators and where are they used?

It is a device capable of producing electricity by burning fuel. They are either single or three phase. Moreover, the latter are distinguished by the ability to work with various loads.

They are used as a backup and in some cases a permanent source of power supply and are designed for operation:

Types and features of their application

Technological equipment of this class is classified according to the following parameters:

1. Sphere of use;
2. type of fuel burned;
3. The number of phases;
4. Power.

Let's start with the scope. Depending on this factor, generators are divided into household and professional ones, although a simple electric generator can be assembled with your own hands. The former are usually made in the form of a compact power unit and have a power of 0.7 to 25 kW. They are equipped with an internal combustion engine running on gasoline or diesel fuel and equipped with an air cooling system. Such devices are used as backup energy sources for household appliances and power tools, as well as a self-powered electric generator assembled by oneself.

They are light in weight and low level noise, therefore, are widely used in private households. The operation and maintenance of such units is not difficult and everyone can cope with it, as well as assemble an electric generator with their own hands.

We watch the video, a little about the generators, their types and advantages:

Professional equipment is designed to work as a permanent source of energy supply. Typically, such generators are used in medical institutions and office buildings, as well as in the construction industry during emergency and other works. Units of this class have significant weight and are not distinguished by quiet operation, which greatly complicates their transportation and selection of a place for installation. But at the same time, they have a higher motor resource and reliability when operating in extreme conditions. The advantages of such electric generators include economical fuel consumption.

The power of industrial power plants can exceed 100 kW, which allows them to be used as backup power sources for electrical equipment of large enterprises. The disadvantage of these units is complex maintenance.

The next parameter used in the classification is the type of fuel:

• Petrol;
• Diesel;

The first ones have a small power range, but at the same time they are mobile and easy to use, like do-it-yourself ones. They are used as backup sources, as they have a small motor resource and high cost received energy.

Diesel units have a wide range of capacities and can be used to supply public institutions and even small villages. However, they are not distinguished by their compact dimensions and quiet operation, therefore they must be installed on a reinforced foundation in a separate room.

They are mainly used in industrial facilities. They are distinguished by high environmental friendliness and low cost of generated energy.

Power plants also differ in the number of phases per:

• one;
• Three.

The former are suitable for devices with single-phase power supply in the respective networks. The latter can serve as a source of energy for various appliances and are installed in houses with a three-phase network wiring.

Device and principle of operation

Principle of operation

A machine capable of converting mechanical energy into electrical energy is called a power plant. Its principle of operation is based on the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction, well known to everyone from the course of school physics.

It states that an EMF is formed in a conductor moving in a magnetic field and crossing the lines of force. Therefore, it can be considered as a source of electricity.

But since this method is not entirely convenient for practical use, it was somewhat changed in generators using the rotational movement of the conductor. In theoretical terms, power plants are a system of electromagnets and conductors. But structurally, they consist of internal combustion engines and generators.

Do-it-yourself power plant diagram

Many, trying to save money, try to create as much as possible homemade equipment, for example, a generator. The fact that this device is necessary in every home does not need to be explained to anyone, but an industrial model is expensive.

To get similar equipment in a cheaper version, you will have to assemble it yourself. There are various schemes of do-it-yourself electric generators: from the simplest ones - windmills, to more complex ones - made on the basis of internal combustion engines. Let's consider some of them.

Windmill - simple option

Vyatryak scheme

You can assemble such a unit from improvised materials. It can be used both on a hike and in the country and belongs to self-assembled fuel-free electric generators. It will require:

• DC electric motor (it will play the role of a generator);
• Carriage knot and driven sprocket from an adult bike;
• Roller chain from a motorcycle;
• Duralumin 2 mm thick.

All this does not require high costs, and perhaps even find it for free in your garage. How to make an electric generator on your own, you can see in the video below. Assembly also does not require special knowledge. A chain sprocket is mounted on the motor shaft.

We watch video detailed instructions for assembly:

In this case, it can be attached to a bicycle frame. The blades of the windmill are made slightly curved and up to 80 cm long. Even with a slight wind, such a device is capable of producing from 4 to 6 amperes and a voltage of 14 V. Even an engine from an old scanner can be taken as a generator for a windmill. This is the simplest electric generator that you can assemble with your own hands.

Power plant based on an old generator from a walk-behind tractor

Before looking for a scheme for a homemade device, decide which option will be the most affordable for you. Perhaps you can find a generator from an old walk-behind tractor and, on its basis, assemble a device that can provide power to electric lamps located in several rooms.

As a generator for such an installation, an asynchronous motor of the AIR series with a speed of up to 1600 rpm and a power of up to 15 kW is suitable. It is connected with the help of pulleys and a drive belt with a motor removed from a walk-behind tractor. The diameter of the pulleys must be such that the rotational speed of the electric motor used as a generator is 15% higher than the passport value.

Watch the video for more details on this work:

The motor windings must be connected in a star, and a capacitor is connected in parallel with each pair. The result is a triangle. But to ensure the operation of the generator, it is necessary that all generators have the same capacity.

Very often, lovers of outdoor recreation do not want to give up the amenities Everyday life. Since most of these amenities are connected to electricity, there is a need for an energy source that you can take with you. Someone buys an electric generator, and someone decides to make a generator with their own hands. The task is not easy, but it is quite feasible at home for anyone who has the technical skills and the right equipment.

Generator type selection

Before deciding to make a homemade 220 V generator, you should think about the feasibility of such a decision. You need to weigh the pros and cons and determine what suits you best - a factory sample or a homemade one. Here The main advantages of industrial devices:

• Reliability.
• High performance.
• Quality assurance and availability of technical service.
• Safety.

However, industrial designs have one significant drawback - a very high price. Not everyone can afford such units, so It is worth thinking about the advantages of homemade devices:

• Low price. Five times, and sometimes more, lower price compared to factory power generators.
• The simplicity of the device and a good knowledge of all the nodes of the apparatus, since everything was assembled by hand.
• The ability to upgrade and improve the technical data of the generator to suit your needs.

A do-it-yourself electric generator made at home is unlikely to be of high performance, but it is quite capable of providing minimum requests. Another disadvantage of homemade products is electrical safety.

It is not always highly reliable, unlike industrial designs. Therefore, you should be very serious about choosing the type of generator. Not only savings will depend on this decision. Money but also life, the health of loved ones and oneself.

Design and principle of operation

Electromagnetic induction underlies the operation of any generator that produces current. Anyone who remembers Faraday's law from the ninth grade physics course understands the principle of converting electromagnetic oscillations into a direct electric current. It is also obvious that creating favorable conditions for supplying sufficient voltage is not so simple.

Any electric generator consists of two main parts. They can have different modifications, but are present in any design:

There are two main types of generators, depending on the type of rotation of the rotor: asynchronous and synchronous. Choosing one of them, take into account the advantages and disadvantages of each. Most often, the choice of craftsmen falls on the first option. There are good reasons for this:

In connection with the above arguments, the most likely choice for self-manufacturing is an asynchronous generator. It remains only to find a suitable sample and a scheme for its manufacture.

Assembly order of the unit

First you need to equip the workplace with the necessary materials and tools. Workplace must comply with the safety regulations for working with electrical appliances. From the tools you will need everything related to electrical equipment and car maintenance. In fact, a well-equipped garage is quite suitable for creating your own generator. Here is what you need from the main details:

Having collected necessary materials, proceed to the calculation of the future power of the device. To do this, you need to perform three operations:

When the capacitors are soldered in place, and the desired voltage is obtained at the output, the structure is assembled.

In this case, the increased electrical hazard of such objects should be taken into account. It is important to consider proper grounding of the generator and carefully insulate all connections. Not only the service life of the device depends on the fulfillment of these requirements, but also the health of those who will use it.

car engine device

Using the scheme for assembling a device for generating current, many come up with their own incredible designs. For example, a bicycle or water-powered generator, windmill. However, there is an option that does not require special design skills.

In any car engine there is an electric generator, which is most often quite serviceable, even if the engine itself has long been sent to the scrap. Therefore, having disassembled the engine, you can use the finished product for your own purposes.

Solving the problem with the rotation of the rotor is much easier than thinking about how to make it again. You can simply restore a broken engine and use it as a generator. To do this, all unnecessary components and devices are removed from the engine.

wind dynamo

In places where the winds blow without stopping, restless inventors are haunted by the waste of nature's energy. Many of them decide to create a small wind farm. To do this, you need to take the electric motor and convert it into a generator. The sequence of actions will be as follows:

Having made his own windmill with a small electric generator or a generator from a car engine with his own hands, the owner can be calm during unforeseen cataclysms: there will always be electric light in his house. Even after going out into nature, he will be able to continue to enjoy the convenience provided by electrical equipment.