How to create a new grape variety. Breeding of new varieties of grapes for wall and pavilion culture. Benefits of table and wine types

Some growers sleep and see how to bring out new variety, and what to cross to get a hybrid form that strikes the imagination in size, color and taste ... I want to disappoint those who want to try on Michurin's laurels. Selection is a long process.

If time doesn't scare you, be patient! You will need the following gentlemen's kit:

• at least five years to breed one variety;
• decent piece of land;
• the ability to endure failure;
• receive positive emotions from the lesson.

It is useful to familiarize yourself with the professional literature. This may be a textbook on viticulture by the authorship of Negrul, and "Genetics and selection of the vine" by Ayvazyan P.K. and Dokuchaeva E.N.

You also need to turn your vineyard into an impregnable fortress, otherwise the fruits of your combinations may go to banal thieves who will sell bunches on the market, and you will lose all the results of your work. Such cases are not just unsettling, they leave a bitter aftertaste for a long time.

And still it is necessary to put only feasible tasks. Breeding frost-resistant grapes with good performance whole scientific institutes are engaged, and the results are still modest.

An amateur breeder cannot handle such tasks. The probability of getting a variety with frost resistance -30...-32°C from offspring with frost resistance -23 ... -25 ° С is the same as hitting the jackpot in the lottery. The same can be said about high resistance to diseases.

Despite these limitations, the field of activity of enthusiasts is very extensive. You can improve the color of the bunches, the shape of the berries, the size, the taste, the structure, the ripening time, the vigor of the growth, the yield, the sex of the flower, the seedlessness… So that's enough work.

Never cross pairs at random. Use the “duet” rule: if you plan to breed a large-berry variety with a given color of bunches, then choose both parental forms with a given color. Use this rule when setting a selection problem. The probability of getting a bisexual variety is different: when crossing bisexual varieties, the probability is 3 to 1. That is, three seedlings will be bisexual, and one will be unisexual. Previously, all same-sex forms were rejected. But if we do this now, then we would be left without Talisman, Flora, Flamingo, Victoria, Sofia, Gourmets ... So do not rush to reject hybrid forms, maybe they will have other advantages. In industrial selection, out of a hundred seedlings, only one or two with the desired properties were selected, the rest were rejected. In amateur breeding, 20-30 seedlings are considered sufficient.

And the last. It has been noted that the earlier the maturation period of the mother form, the worse the germination of hybrid seeds. The lowest germination in super-early varieties is only 1-1.5%. And in maternal forms with early maturation - 10-25%. The best germination is in seeds from late mother bushes.

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Winegrowers who have experience selling their own harvest know that the first thing a buyer pays attention to is the appearance of the grapes. Beautiful clusters, consisting of many large berries, are sure to attract the buyer first, and the taste qualities are evaluated a little later. A variety that claims to be the best grape for the market must produce just such a crop. Shrubs must withstand stable and high yields, be exposed to minimal risk of infection with crop-threatening diseases and loss of ovaries from pests. Thanks to the ongoing selection work, winegrowers receive more and more interesting varieties and forms, which, after testing, sometimes crowd out the recognized leaders in the ranking. the best varieties grapes.

Arcadia grapes: description and photo of the variety

Created by Ukrainian breeders from crossing Moldova and Cardinal Arcadia, today it is recognized as one of the best grape varieties in many regions of the country where viticulture is developed. The variety belongs to table varieties and yields 115–120 days after the start of the growing season.

The plant forms a vigorous, early maturing vine with a powerful root system and good survival. Arcadia shows an average result in grape disease resistance, in order to protect the vine from mildew, two preventive treatments are needed, and powdery mildew protection is also required. The variety tolerates frosts down to -21 ° С. With changes in humidity, the berries sometimes crack, which affects the quality of the crop.

As can be seen from the description and photo, Arcadia grapes form large, mostly dense clusters weighing from 0.5 to 2 kg. The shape of the brushes is cylindrical or close to conical. With a weight of about 15 grams, the berries of this market variety can grow larger than 2.8 cm. At the same time, the berries have a heart-shaped shape and a beautiful yellowish or White color. Since the variety is very high-yielding, the fruits cannot accumulate a lot of sugars, but with a slight acidity, the taste of Arcadia will not disappoint. It is refreshing, pleasant and light, which is especially felt when eating fresh berries with a fleshy texture.

Grapes Kishmish radiant

Seedless berries of medium-early Kishmish Radiant grapes are well known to consumers. The variety, bred in Moldova from crossing the grapes Cardinal and Kishmish pink, ripens in 125-130 days and is distinguished by high yields, ripening on medium or vigorous bushes.

Kishmish Radiant does not differ in high frost resistance and is susceptible to infections of this crop. At the same time, the variety is demanding of the grower's attention, and with proper care it compensates for the efforts, gives large and medium berries of golden and red-pink colors, up to 2.5 cm long and weighing up to 4 grams. I ripe berries dense texture and nutmeg flavor and aroma. The clusters of one of the best grape varieties on the market reach 40 cm in length and can weigh over 600 grams. The crop is easily transported and stored for a long time.

Description and photo of Kodryanka grapes

According to the photo and description of the grapes, Kodryanka can rightfully be considered one of the most interesting modern varieties. It takes 110 to 118 days for Kordyanka, obtained from the parent varieties Marshalsky and Moldova, to ripen. The variety forms a vigorous, high-yielding vine that can withstand a mass of large brushes weighing from 400 to 1500 grams.

Among the disadvantages of the best grapes is the crushing of the berries, which can be dealt with by applying gibberellin, which will make the berries grow and reduce the number of stones in them. Usually, the fruits of grapes, about 3 cm long and weighing about 7 grams, are distinguished by a thick bluish-violet color, dense pulp and inconspicuous skin. By the time of ripening, the berries accumulate quite a lot of sugar, but they acquire a pleasant taste even a little earlier. Brushes can be transported, are well stored and do not lose their qualities for a long time if they remain on the bushes.

Grape variety Hadji Murat

The basis for the work of Tajik scientists in the breeding of Hadji Murat grapes was the Zabalkansky and Muscat Hamburg variety. As a result, the variety became one of the contenders for the title of the best grape variety for the market, while the berries on vigorous bushes ripen in 125-135 days.

The Hadji Murat grape survives frosts down to -22 ° C, but feels better in a greenhouse or under winter shelter. Fruiting shoots of this variety mature by 75% or more, withstanding extremely large clusters weighing from 800 to 2500 grams and retaining their properties well during storage and transportation. The variety is high-yielding, tending to form a large number of ovaries, therefore, to ensure the quality of the berries, it is necessary to ration the future harvest.

The Hadji Murat grapes have an even conical shape and medium density. Ripe oval berries can weigh from 15 to 25 grams, have a thick almost black color, are covered with a bluish wax coating and have a decent taste.

Grape Beauty

It takes from 110 to 110 days for the beautiful berries of the Krasotka grape variety to ripen, dark pink with a dense purple tip. Beauty has bushes of medium growth strength, well-ripening fruit-bearing shoots and even, weighing about 500-700 grams of the brush. The variety demonstrates average resistance to common infections and pests.

The clusters contain elongated, about 3 cm long and weighing up to 6 grams of berries with a good fresh taste, juicy and rather fleshy pulp and a skin that is hardly noticeable when biting. Berries of grapes Beauty with an excess of moisture at the ripening stage can sometimes burst. The fruits of this variety gain sweetness well, but they cannot compete with the brightness of taste with varieties for personal use.

Grapes Monarch: photo and description of the variety

When choosing the best varieties for the market, Monarch grapes can be awarded the attention of gardeners and specialists, since with an average ripening period it produces large, weighing about 900 grams, high quality brushes. The variety shows a high yield. One vine gives at least 7 kg of fresh commercial quality berries.

According to the photo and description, Monarch grapes are different high strength growth, good rooting of cuttings and maturation of more than 65% of the length of the shoots. The variety is frost-resistant and demonstrates high and medium resistance to known diseases of this crop. Characteristic of this grape - large, 20-gram oval berries of a beautiful yellow color. The pulp has a juicy, but not liquid consistency and a wonderful, rich taste. After ripening, being on the vine, Monarch grapes, as in the photo and in the description, almost do not lose quality, can be stored and transported for a long time.

Grapes Galahad

Extremely early hybrid Galahad grapes on the territory of Kuban and in other regions of viticulture gives a harvest within 95–100 days after the start of the growing season. The plant received the title of the best grape variety for the market due to the highest palatability, good growth force of bushes, the ability to winter at air temperatures down to -25 ° C, as well as noteworthy resistance to harmful fungi and rot.

Grapes give beautiful, weighing up to 1.1 kg, medium-density bunches of conical shape. The average length of oval, large amber berries is 2.6 cm. The weight of a fleshy with a pleasant texture and sweet berries reaches 12 grams.

Photo and description of Super-extra grapes

Received by E. Pavlovsky hybrid early term maturity gives a harvest in 100-110 days after the appearance of the first leaves. By the end of July, on the vigorous bushes of Super-Extra grapes, you can see large, up to 1.5 kg in weight, bunches of medium looseness. The variety is high-yielding, so the grower must deal with the rationing of the ovary and inflorescences.

According to the description and photo of the Super-Extra grapes, the brushes consist of oval or ovoid large berries weighing 7-8 grams. The color of the berry is white or light amber. The berries gain sweetness very quickly, their pulp is pleasant, dense with a sufficient amount of juice.

Grapes resist diseases and winter frosts well. Brushes after harvesting can be transported and stored, the only drawback is the diversity of berries inside the bunch.

Grapes Buffet

Bearing fruit 115–125 days after the start of the growing season, Furshetny grapes were bred in Ukraine by breeder V.V. Zagorulko from the variety Kuban and Gift to Zaporozhye. According to the data obtained by winegrowers who have already managed to get acquainted with this grape, Furshetny has an average resistance to fungal attack and successfully winters at a temperature of -22 ° C. Powerful bushes of this species actively form shoots, almost completely ripening by autumn.

Brushes on the bushes are formed dense, closer to cylindrical in shape. The weight of a bunch, consisting of oval berries weighing up to 16 grams, is from 600 to 800 grams. The length of an individual berry is about 3.5 cm, the color is dark, reddish-violet with a pronounced waxy coating. One of the best grape varieties has a great taste with notes of raisins and ripe mulberries.

The acquaintance with the best varieties for the market does not end with the description of Furshetny grapes. Read the article about the best grape varieties for sale. We hope that our selection will help you make your choice and start growing grapes for sale.

Video about the best grape varieties

This "sunny" berry has a wonderful taste and amazing properties. Among them are the charming and alluring beauty of grapes with their expressive color, the delightful range of numerous color shades that the best grape varieties have, the perfection and variety of the shape of the fruits of this amazing culture. After all, it is not without reason that they say that this berry is first eaten with the eyes ...

cultivation

Today, this crop, which was previously planted only in the southern regions, can also be seen in northern vegetable gardens or orchards. This became possible thanks to the work of breeders - they managed to create the best grape varieties, which are now grown in the conditions of the North. This berry is considered one of the ancient cultures. Grapes have existed since the Bronze Age, as evidenced by numerous archaeological finds. Its clusters are on ancient rock paintings, they are also on excavated ones, including on the territory of our country, especially in the Crimean region, amphoras and jugs.

Apparently, therefore, over the course of many centuries, the natural evolution of this culture took place, new best grape varieties appeared, which are distinguished by the size of berries and clusters, excellent taste, etc.

Today, around the world in countries where this plant grows, there are more than seven thousand of its varieties. In the countries of the former Soviet Union, the best varieties of grapes, including table grapes, were identified. These are the so-called indigenous species - Armenian, Dagestan, Georgian, Tajik, Uzbek. Many of them originated in a specific area, where they have been cultivated and improved in terms of quality for many decades.

In addition to domestic ones, the best grape varieties that were imported and introduced from such European countries like France, Spain, Italy and Germany.

Nevertheless, species that have a "local" origin are considered by specialists to be better adapted to the natural conditions of their native territory than those that were brought. As an example, we can bring the best Georgian grape varieties - Rkatsiteli and Saperavi, which are perfectly adapted to the Georgian climate, under the influence of which they were once formed. This is expressed not only in excellent yields, but also in excellent palatability Oh.

Kinds

Experts say that over the past twenty years in our country there has been a real boom in this berry crop. Breeders annually grow up to ten new products, and all of them claim the title of "the best grape varieties." However, in pursuit of the size of clusters and fruits, in some species reaching even twenty-eight grams, some varieties lose their taste and beneficial features.

Today, this culture is very common in our gardens and orchards. But, in order for its cultivation to give the desired results, summer residents first need to understand the huge variety of species, find out which are the best grape varieties most suitable for a particular region.

By maturity, this plant is divided into late and very late, early, early-medium, as well as medium and medium-late, and according to its purpose - into universal, table and technical. Each subgroup, in turn, consists of a sufficiently large number of subspecies, many of which are really the best in their category. Table grape varieties are considered the highest quality. Most amateur gardeners prefer to plant them in their garden.

Benefits of table and wine types

They have an excellent presentation compared to other - universal and wine varieties. Today, there are numerous table varieties on the market with a wide variety of fruit characteristics, which are consumed mainly in a fresh state. Many species are interesting because they are cultivated for the subsequent production of wine. For amateur gourmets, the best varieties of wine grapes should differ in the following characteristics: sugar content of berries, the presence of nutmeg taste, high juice yield, and, importantly, resistance to frost and pests.

Ten

Beginning gardeners and summer residents are always first of all interested in specialists what plants to plant on their plots. Such a culture as grapes is no exception. And although it is difficult to reliably answer the question of the best variety, breeders mainly mention the 10 best grape varieties, although most often each of them has its own preferences and its own “favorites”. Nevertheless, for a very long time there have been such species that have not lost their taste qualities, they are great for a particular region. In addition, these are those that most often fall into the annual nomination “the best grape varieties”, their photos are most often printed in special literature, etc.

Arcadia

The variety has long been a real decoration not only for home plots, but also for large plantations. He deserved such universal recognition thanks not only to high quality yield, but also great stability and very easy establishment. Being an early grape, it deservedly occupies one of the places of honor in the top ten of the world assortment. Arcadia is characterized by very large clusters, reaching a weight of two or more kilograms. This table variety has fleshy and juicy flesh, a light nutmeg aroma.

Delight

This variety is always mentioned in the top ten one of the first. In addition, it belongs to a very early variety. In addition to resistance to disease and frost, Rapture also has one, but quite rare and, moreover, valuable advantage: its berries practically do not crack and do not rot at all.

Kishmish white

This mid-ripening grape, popular in our country, has cylindrical wide-brimmed brushes. They are not very large - up to three hundred grams, but with fleshy and tasty berries. This variety is considered one of the most sought after. Its berries help a person get rid of irritability and stress loads. They don't have bones at all. The skin on the fruit is thin and transparent, sometimes with small black dots. The pulp of the berries is fleshy, very pleasant taste.

Kodryanka

This Moldovan variety has a very pleasant taste, pleasing to the eye with its aesthetic forms. Super-early ripening combined with high yields and high palatability of its large dark purple oval berries have made Kodryanka indispensable for lovers of vine growing. The variety has deservedly taken its stable place in the top ten table grapes for many years.

Lady fingers

Almost all gardeners know about this grape, which is called somewhat original. This mid-season variety with medium-sized clusters - large and elongated, is characterized by the absence of stones and the shape of the berries - oval elongated. They are covered with weak wax and have a moderately sour and moderately sweet taste.

Pleven

Over the years of fruiting in the gardens of our summer residents, the variety showed the highest yield. Apparently, therefore, he is always in the top ten species. Pleven grows well on any soil, it is stable and resilient in all its indicators. Its clusters are aligned, with the same, as if calibrated, elongated berries and with a harmonious taste. The variety is in high demand in the market, besides it ripens very early.

Elegant super early

Grapes of this variety have proved their right to popularity. It ripens early, withstands frost, rain and drought, and practically does not get sick. Elegant has beautiful clusters with large, egg-shaped, original berries. Normalizing it, as gardeners testify, is very easy, and there are no problems at all with stepsoning. Clusters of the variety are not damaged, and therefore are in steady demand on the market. It is believed that this is - "grapes for the lazy."

Laura

The variety, according to breeders, shows great promise. In the south, Laura and Rapture ripen a week apart. The variety has very large oblong berries of a yellowish-golden color. Fruit pulp is crispy and tender. Laura's vine ripens well, easily enduring frosts up to twenty degrees. In more severe cold weather, the plant needs shelter.

Talisman, or Kesha-1

Being the "descendant" of the famous Rapture and the "parent" for many hybrid forms, this variety, due to its excellent characteristics - early ripening, high yield, resistance to pests or diseases, frost resistance and vigorous growth, is very popular with both amateurs and professionals, growing grapes on an industrial scale.

Strashensky

This variety withstands tough competition even with the best views. Its high drought resistance allows it to grow and develop at a time when other forms wither and die. The variety has round dark blue berries that grow from an average plum, as well as huge brushes that do not fit even in a five-liter bucket. At the same time, Strashensky is sensitive to overload, so it must be normalized to obtain large clusters. The variety ripens by mid-August, confirming its reputation as one of the best large-berry grapes in the world.

Scientists have found that adults healthy person it is necessary to eat 70 kg of grapes of various varieties per year. In reality, 30 kg is not even an average result, but the best. All this is because in many regions grapes continue to be a delicacy. Many summer residents are seriously considering growing vines on their plots. This is possible because modern varieties and hybrid forms are bred not only for every taste, but for various conditions growth. In the article we will talk about new grape varieties (description and comparison), give their detailed characteristics.

Description of the earliest grape varieties, advantages and disadvantages

Thanks to the painstaking work of modern breeders, hybrid forms have appeared, the ripening period of which has surpassed all stereotypes, and is 100 days.

"Ruslan" is one of the early varieties.

The most popular among gardeners are:

№	Name	Description	Advantage	Flaws
1.	"Ruslan"	The hybrid form of the varieties "Kuban" and "Gift to Zaporozhye" of the famous Ukrainian breeder V.V. Zagorulko. Tall shrubs with multi-sex flowers. Fruits with an average weight - 20 g. Ripening period - 100 - 115 days. Clusters weighing - 800 - 900 g. Pulp of fruit flavor with plum aftertaste. Harvest - the second decade of August.	Frost resistance up to minus 230. High resistance to fungal diseases.	Does not tolerate excess moisture.
2.	"Lelik"	Hybrid form of folk breeder E. G. Pavlovsky, created on the basis of the variety "Baklanovsky" and "Hybrida 41". Vigorous climber with bisexual flowers. Berries of pink color, weighing 8 g. The mass of one bunch reaches 1 kg.	Withstands frosts down to minus 240. Moderately resistant to oidium mildew and gray mold.	Heterogeneous ripening of berries in bunches.
3.	Muscat Novoshah-	The author of the hybrid, E. G. Pavlovsky, brought him out of the "Talisman" and "XVII-10-26". The weight of a bunch, on average, is 500 g. The taste is very sweet. Ripens by mid-August.	Ripe berries can be stored on the bushes for a long time without compromising taste. Moderately resistant to major diseases.	The vine is prone to overload, requires normalization
4.	"Melting"	A hybrid of the Ukrainian breeder A. A. Golub, appeared as a result of crossing "Atlanta" with "Arcadia" and a mixture of pollen. Bisexual form with early ripening. Fruit color is white.	It has an increased resistance to diseases and successfully tolerates frosts down to minus -230.

Variety "Melting" ripens in 100 - 115 days.

In addition to the others described earlier, ripen:

• "Outrigger",
• "Beloved Muscat"
• "Vitannya",
• "Alexa Early"
• "Mary Magdalene"
• "Libya",
• "Sphinx",
• "Primitive"
• "Pulsar",
• "Charlie",
• "Azalea",
• "Vovchik",
• Vera, etc.

The listed varieties and hybrids are relatively unpretentious in care, therefore, more often than others, they are planted in summer cottages.

"Lelik" - a variety of E. G. Pavlovsky - one of the gardeners' favorites.

Features of mid-early varieties and hybrid forms

In terms of ripeness, they require more time than the early ones, but not by much. On average, the hybrids of this group are harvested at the end of August. Gardeners prefer these grape varieties:

"Leah"- an early variety, ripening in 110 - 115 days. Created by V. V. Zagorulko by crossing the varieties "Arcadia" and "Atlant Zaporozhye".

• Table form, that is, what is intended for fresh use.
• Bushes give up to 3 m of growth annually.
• The color of ripe fruits is white-pink.
• Clusters of 900 g each, the weight of 2 kg has been repeatedly noticed.
• The sweetness of berries depends on the number of sunny days, the warmer, the more sugar.
• Withstands frost without shelter - minus 210.
• The defeat of the main diseases 3.5 - 4 points.

Disadvantage: the variety reacts negatively to excessive watering and prolonged rains.

"Liya" is a relatively frost-resistant variety of early ripening.

"Prometheus"- another hybrid of V.V. Zagorulko, bred by crossing the varieties "Radiant Kishmish" and "Arcadia".

• Distinguished by functionally female flowers.
• The bunch is similar in structure to the Arcadia variety.
• Fruit color is dark pink.
• Resistant to winter cold up to minus 210.

"Ksenia"- variety bred by V. N. Krainov, has a second name "Angelica".

• Vigorous bushes of medium early maturity 115 - 125 days.
• Large clusters, weighing up to 1.5 kg, with oblong berries of white - pink color.
• The pulp is sweet and crunchy with several flavors.

The advantage is high disease resistance. Handles transportation well.

Tip #1 Note! Variety "Xenia" requires annual pruning for 8 - 10 eyes.

"Prometheus" is distinguished by a generous harvest.

"Carmen"- E. G. Pavlovsky connected the Nadezhda AZOS variety and the hybrid form FVC-94-3.

• Ripening period - 3.5 months in mid-August.
• Vigorous bushes - 2 m or more.
• Flowers bisexual.
• The weight of a bunch of grapes is 600 - 800 g.
• The color of the fruit is red-violet, the shape is elongated.
• The disadvantage is that the variety is prone to overload and needs thinning of the ovary.

Gardeners favorably relate to the cultivation of relatively unpretentious early and mid-early varieties such as:

• "Vlada",
• "Glad",
• "Sofia",
• "Fupshetny",
• "Elf",
• Abu Hasan.
• "Blessing"
• "Victor",
• "Long-awaited"
• "Zlatogor", etc.

Grape varieties of medium and medium late ripening

Grapes that take 135 to 145 days to reach full maturity are classified as medium varieties. There are hybrids that ripen between medium and late, they need 145 - 155 days. Sometimes, due to weather conditions, fruiting dates are shifted, and varieties of one group intersect with another. Read also the article: → "Growing grapes of medium ripening."

Among the popular ones are:

The following varieties and hybrids deserve more detailed attention:

• "Anapsky giant"- variety universal, vigorous. It belongs to medium-ripening, the berries are gaining ripeness by mid-September. Clusters are small, 200 g each, the color of the fruit is white.
• Ataman Pavlyuk"- the result of the selection work of V. U. Kapelyushny, by crossing the varieties "Talismpn" and "Autumn Black". The result is a fast growing bush with large clusters up to 1300 g, often up to 2 kg. The advantage is the complete absence of peas. The variety is popular because of the good preservation both on the vine and in the plucked form.

A feature of the variety "Ataman Pavlyuk" is a wax coating that protects the fruits from diseases, pests and abnormally low temperatures for grapes. The colder the weather, the thicker the plaque.

• "Alphonse Lavalle"- a table French variety that has successfully taken root with us. Refers to the middle. It has bisexual flowers. Clusters are heterogeneous - from loose to dense. Berries of the correct round shape of dark purple. The ripening period is up to 160 days, subject to a positive temperature of +220 - +320. Disadvantage: not resistant to most fungal diseases, does not withstand frost and spring return frosts.

Growing conditions for late grapes

To get a harvest late varieties it will take 155 - 160 days. They are meant for long term storage. Read also the article: → “Overview of the best grape varieties for middle lane". Most often they are used in warm climate zones or in greenhouses.

For growing late varieties such as Courage, many of which are European, it is better to use an inclined landing.

Tip # 2. The successful development of a young vine and the quality of a mature crop depends on properly conducted irrigation. Mandatory watering is carried out the first 2 years. For adult plants, irrigation is necessary before flowering and water-charging watering for the winter.

The best varieties for the Crimea, the Volga region, the Moscow region, the Leningrad region, Siberia

Gone are the days when grapes were considered exclusively southern culture. Thanks to professional and amateur selection, modern varieties are able to satisfy gardeners living in various climatic zones. As before, Crimea is the leader in the cultivation of grapes. Thanks to the climate here, the earliest varieties ripen at the end of July.

• "Pearl Saba"- medium-sized fruits, when ripe, amber-golden, rounded, with pulp of a delicate and pleasant taste, with a nutmeg aroma of nutmeg, clusters small size, the shape is loose.

"Pearl Saba" is one of the sweetest varieties.

• "Queen of the Vineyards"- a variety with large berries, round or slightly elongated, golden amber in color, with large clusters.
• "Tyfi pink"- with large long clusters up to 25 cm long. The color of the berries is dark pink, the shape is regular round. Ripens in 167 days.

These varieties are the most famous and popular. But thanks to selection, grapes are grown in many climatic zones, even in those whose conditions are opposite to Crimean. Such varieties and hybrids are typical for different regions.

Moscow region	Leningradskayaregion	Volga region	Ural	Siberia
F - 14-75 (shape)	F1475	Liepajas Dzintars	Zilga	Tukay
Laura	Mars	Dovga	Aleshenkin	Solovyova-58
Shun	Russian Karinka	Tsiravas Agro	Sharov's riddle	Rusven
Nadezhda Aksaiskaya	In memory of Dombkowska	Silva	In memory of Dombkowska	Muromets
Victoria	Reline Pink Seedless,	Superearly Cicatricial	In memory of Shatilov	Super early red muscat
Nakhodka AZOS	Neptune	Zolotinka	Muscat white extra early	Kodryanka
Super Extra	Super extra	Super extra	Muscat pink early
First-Called	Victor	Elegant super early	Beauty of the North
	Laura	Victoria
Phenomenon (Augustin, Pleven steady)	Timur	Timur
Muscat summer	Augustine	Kolobok
Cherry	Extra	Prima
Aleshenkin	Ainset Seedless	Hip-hop
Charlie		Sphinx

Variety "Aleshenkin" grows in all climatic zones.

Rubric: "Questions and answers"

Question number 1. What are the largest grape varieties?

1. Harold.
2. Laura.
3. Augustine.
4. New century.
5. Paul.
6. Memory of a surgeon.
7. Karmakod.
8. In memory of Negrul.
9. Stashensky.
10. Kodryanka.

Question number 2. Which varieties are best suited to transport?

1. Shami Abiad.
2. Gorgeous. Read also the article: → "Description of the Krasotka grape variety, tips for growing and caring."
3. chieftain,
4. Kodryanka.
5. Kishmish Kalina.
6. Arched.
7. Baikonur.

Question number 3. Which grape keeps the longest?

• Ruslan.
• Moldova - up to 160 days;
• Memory of Negrul - up to 130 days;
• Autumn black - up to 120 days;
• Criuleni - up to 100 days;
• Original - up to 130 days;
• Light - up to 100 days;
• Hope AZOS - up to 90 days;
• Tahir - up to 90 days.

Question number 4. What grape varieties are the most frost-resistant?

1. Carmen - 300,
2. September - 210,
3. Moldova - 230,
4. Anthony the Great - 230,
5. Black grand - 230,
6. Cowberry - 240,
7. Valentine - 240,
8. Meteorite - 240,
9. Romeo - 230.

Serious mistakes gardeners make when choosing new grape varieties

Mistake #1. Choosing a grape variety that is not suitable for growing in a given climate zone.

Often when acquiring a new variety, gardeners find themselves hostage to unscrupulous sellers who distribute plants that do not grow locally. At best, this will affect the quality and quantity of the crop, but most likely the grapes will not take root.

Mistake #2. Planting new varieties in a common vineyard.

A newly acquired plant is best planted separately or kept in quarantine. It is not known how the local "environment" will affect the new variety, it is better to protect it (if possible) from infection with diseases.

Mistake #3. The choice of heat-loving varieties for a zone with a harsh climate.

In this case, the main criterion is frost resistance, otherwise grapes can only be grown in a greenhouse.

People began to grow grapes more than six thousand years ago. It comes in two varieties - technical and table. The first group includes varieties that are used for the manufacture of juices and the production of alcoholic beverages - wines and cognacs, the second group - table species.

What grapes are called table grapes?

Distinctive features of such grapes are beautiful appearance and high taste qualities. Large sweet clusters are consumed fresh, without processing. They tolerate transportation well. Berries have few seeds, thin skin and "fleshy" flesh. The most popular and elite grape varieties are presented below.

The most popular and best varieties

Arcadia

Grape variety Arcadia

The result of crossing Moldova and Cardinal, combined the successful properties of their parents. Consumers appreciate large bunches that can reach two kilograms, and gardeners - resistance to low temperatures and high immunity. Juicy light pulp of berries captivates with a delicate sweet taste and aroma of nutmeg when fully ripe. This early variety is the leader in yield, if the number of inflorescences is normalized, the bush is fed on time. An excess amount of moisture can lead to cracking of the ripening Arcadia berries, so water with caution, taking into account weather conditions.

Delight

Grape variety Delight

Very early ripening variety. The berries are large, with a refined nutmeg taste and loose skin with a wax coating. The vine can withstand temperatures down to -26°C, therefore, cultivation in the northern regions is allowed. The high immunity of the Rapture variety helps to fight fungal diseases and mildew, but you need to treat the bush from phylloxera. The yield is high, the fruits can be left on the bush for up to 1.5 months after ripening, while the taste remains excellent.

Experienced gardeners say that this grape has no flaws.

Kishmish white

Grape Kishmish white

An ancient dessert species with an average ripening period. Clusters are small. Seedless small oval-shaped berries, juicy, very sweet and not tart. Their skin is thin and transparent. Because of the fragility, the fruits are not stored for a long time and have low transportability. After harvesting, they must either be eaten immediately or used for drying raisins. Dried fruits made from Kishmish are a tasty and healthy delicacy. The vine is strong, but the yield is low. Frost resistance is average. Requires protection from pests and diseases. Needs pruning and rationing of the crop.

Kesha

Grape variety Kesha

Improved Rapture with beautiful brushes. White berries are sweet, with a slight sourness and 2-3 large seeds. Kesha is a mid-early variety, very tall, with excellent transportability and frost resistance. It develops well if it has a supply of perennial wood. Will appreciate planting in a sunny place and fertile soil. moderate watering, thinning bunches and regular top dressing have a beneficial effect on productivity.

Strashensky

Grape variety Strashensky

A handsome man with a black berry, medium early ripening. The fruits are juicy, the grapes are delicious. Clusters of medium density, highly marketable, usually weigh up to 1 kg. Poorly tolerates long-term transportation, winter hardiness is average. Uneven ripening is observed, so the crop is cut selectively. The load on the bush will decrease, the remaining fruits will pick up sugar well. This variety has reduced resistance to botrytis and oidium, but resists phylloxera, mildew and spider mites well. Needs pruning, depending on the growing region.

Laura

Grape variety Laura

Table form of grapes of very early ripening. Amber pulp contains a lot of sugar. The taste is rich, pleasant, with hints of nutmeg. Big beautiful bunches - distinguishing feature varieties, some record brushes weighing up to 2.4 kg. Transportability is high, it is in demand among buyers and is suitable for beginner winegrowers. Resists mildew and gray mold, withstands temperatures down to 20-23°C below zero. Variety Laura needs pollination during flowering and medium pruning, with the preservation of perennial wood. The bush is loaded optimally, leaving 30% of non-fruiting shoots. Such a plant has enough strength to form beautiful large brushes that will ripen on time.

Moldova

Grape variety Moldova

A time-tested look, purple berries with a waxy coating. Clusters of medium size, fleshy pulp has simple taste. Ripening dates are late or medium late. Frost resistance is not very high. Requires careful shaping of the bush - a vigorous vine does not like thickening. Excellent resistance to fungal diseases and phylloxera, treatment is needed only against oidium. Hypersensitivity to calcareous chlorosis is observed. It is used for cultivation on the arbor, the clusters retain their decorative appearance and pleasant taste on the bush for a long time. Handles transportation well.

Timur

Grape variety Timur

Early maturing hybrid. White berries with nutmeg aroma, a slight amber or slightly brown tan appears in the sun. Brushes of medium size, dense. Cuttings already in the second year after planting give a small "trial" crop. High frost resistance and resistance to gray rot and mildew. Grape Timur often becomes a victim of a tick. If the leaves "swell" and redness appears, the grapes must be treated with a sulfur-containing preparation. Experienced growers praise Timur for its ease of cultivation and early ripening. Care consists of regular watering, fertilizing and pruning.

Lady fingers

Grape variety Lady's fingers

An old mid-season variety, which, despite the difficulties in care, continues to be grown by many growers. The weight of one brush is about half a kilogram. Berries of the variety Lady's fingers are elongated, with a classic harmonious taste and appetizing aroma, pitted. Not resistant to low temperatures, may die already at 10 ° C frost, therefore needs shelter for the winter. Yields are variable, depending on weather conditions. The vine is sensitive to diseases and pests, regular treatment with appropriate preparations is necessary. Recommended for experienced growers.

Gourmets consider this variety to be the benchmark for the taste of grapes.

Mascot

Grape variety Talisman

Mid-early yellow-white grapes. Vigorous seedlings perfectly resist mildew and gray rot, resistant to low winter temperatures. Ripe bunches weigh a little more than a kilogram on average. The fruits are large, with a nutmeg aroma. Already ripened brushes can hang on a bush for a long time without losing their taste and retaining their marketable appearance. A transportable variety that does not require shelter for the winter. A record harvest can be achieved with proper agricultural practices and additional pollination before flowering.

Grapes are a wonderful gift of nature, a child of the gentle sun and fertile land. Ideal varieties do not exist, but you can always find a species that suits the growing conditions and personal preferences of the gardener.

The crossing technique is quite simple; for this purpose, preparation is first mother plant.

Mother plant preparation

Most varieties of grapes have bisexual flowers and, with pure-grade plantations, as a rule, self-pollinate, that is, the egg is fertilized by pollen that develops on the same or neighboring flower.

In order to prevent the process of self-pollination or intravarietal pollination (by pollen from the flowers of neighboring bushes), pollen should be removed within the inflorescence. This process of removing pollen is called "castration". Castration starts 2-3 days before flowering. Castration is done with tweezers, which carefully remove the flower cap (corolla) and at the same time anthers with pollen. If the flower has short filaments and the anthers sit at the level of the stigma of the pistil or below it, then in this case only the cap of the flower is removed first, and then the stamen filaments with anthers are cut off.

In the inflorescence, not all flowers are castrated, but only 40-50% of the total number, approximately 100-150. The remaining flowers are cut off so that the castrated flowers are evenly distributed on the inflorescence. After castration, the inflorescence should be immediately isolated with a bag made of parchment paper. The paper insulator prevents the flowers from being exposed to pollen.

When using varieties with a functionally female type of flower for hybridization, castration is not carried out, since the pollen of these flowers is not capable of fertilization. However, such flowers are also isolated until the moment of artificial pollination.

Harvesting pollen paternal plant

Then proceed to harvest the pollen of the paternal plant. For this purpose, during the flowering of the paternal plant, the filaments with anthers are collected in paper bags, after which they are transferred to the room and spread out on paper for drying and ripening. After a day or two, when the anthers burst, the pollen is separated from the filaments and anthers by sifting through a silk sieve and placed in test tubes. Harvested pollen should be stored in a dry and cool place. In the case when the flowering of the mother and father plants coincides, the pollen of the father plant is not collected, and in order to fertilize the mother plant, the plucked inflorescences of the father plant are shaken over the inflorescence of the mother plant. When the flowering of the paternal plant is later than the mother plant, it is necessary to artificially either accelerate the flowering of the paternal plant, or delay the flowering of the mother plant.

You can speed up the beginning of flowering by layering with a vine. As observations have shown, flowering on layering occurs 7-10 days earlier compared to flowering on ordinary bushes. Flowering is accelerated even more if greenhouse frames are installed above the bushes. You can delay the beginning of flowering by carrying out snow retention and late spring watering. For a longer period, flowering can be delayed if a hole is dug under the bushes intended for hybridization, into which snow is poured and covered with straw and earth on top.

With earlier flowering of paternal plants, pollen can be prepared in advance and stored until the moment of use. Under appropriate conditions of heat and humidity, pollen can be stored for up to a year.

pollination process

After harvesting pollen or inflorescences with pollen, they begin to artificially apply the pollen of the paternal plant to the flowers of the mother. The process of pollination is usually started when a special, slightly sticky liquid appears on the stigmas of the pistils of the mother plant. In order to prevent foreign pollen from getting onto the stigma through the air, the insulator is usually not removed, but a round hole is cut out in it, through which pollen is applied with a brush or cotton wool, after which the hole is sealed with a circle of parchment paper. If pollination is carried out by shaking the plucked inflorescence, then in this case it is better to remove the insulator and, after applying pollen to the flowers of the mother plant, put it on again.

Since not all flowers of the mother plant are simultaneously prepared for the perception of pollen, pollination is recommended to be repeated after 2-3 days.

In order to ensure interspecific or intergeneric crossing, I. V. Michurin developed a method of vegetative convergence. To do this, before crossing, the initial forms are grafted. It is possible to instill the future paternal form on the maternal one and, conversely, the maternal one on the paternal one. As a result of the mutual influence of the scion on the rootstock, pollen or an egg appear, which are biologically more similar, and the process of fertilization occurs.

In some cases, to overcome non-crossing, a mixture of pollen from several species is used, or the mother's pollen is mixed with the father's. A. Ya. Kuzmin developed another way to overcome non-crossing, which consists in the late application of pollen to the stigma of the pistil, when the stigma is on the verge of dying off.

After the berries have developed to the size of a pea, the parchment insulators are removed and gauze bags are put on instead to better preserve the hybrid seeds.

Working with seeds

The resulting hybrid berries remain on the bushes until the seeds fully ripen. Then the clusters are removed from the bushes along with gauze bags and transferred to a storage room. In winter, the seeds are removed from the berries, washed thoroughly and slightly dried on well-ventilated racks. Then the seeds are placed in wet sand and stored in clay pots in unheated rooms at a temperature of 5-7 degrees Celsius. The room where the seeds are stored (at the same time the seeds are stratified) should not be excessively damp. Two weeks before sowing in the ground or greenhouses, they are transferred to a warm room, where, after transplanting into boxes with sand, the swelling process occurs and the seeds begin to germinate.

The seeds that have hatched are transplanted into greenhouses or directly onto the ridges in the ground. Transplanting seeds into the ground should be done at such a time that the seeds do not experience a sharp fluctuation in temperature.

Sowing seeds in greenhouses is carried out at a distance of 8 cm between rows from each other and is covered with humus, mixed half with river sand, to a depth of 3-4 cm. is located depending on the scale of work and methods of mechanized tillage. With a small amount of breeding work and manual processing of ridges, the distance between rows is 35-40 cm. With horse cultivation, row spacing increases to 70-75 cm. Seedling care consists in maintaining the necessary soil moisture, combating weeds, diseases and pests.

From the moment of seed germination to the entry of young seedlings into a state of full fruiting, hybrid plants are provided with good conditions for development.

Directed parenting

IN young age a hybrid plant, being plastic, can develop certain properties corresponding to environmental conditions. The growing conditions of a hybrid plant are of decisive importance for identifying the required traits and properties and the time of entry into fruiting seedlings.

On the issue of creating new varieties by the method of hybridization and directed education, I. V. Michurin wrote “In this matter, everything depends on the experimental selection of combinations of crossed pairs, plants, and, mainly, on expedient education hybrid seedlings at their young age. Here, almost entirely the qualities of the future variety depend on the mode of its upbringing. Directed education is necessary to accustom the plant to easily endure all the adverse conditions of the area. So, if the task is to develop high-yielding, high-quality and cold-resistant varieties, hybrid seedlings should be placed in natural conditions of low winter temperatures. Seedlings obtained, for example, from crossing European varieties of grapes with Amur grapes should be slightly covered with earth in the first year, and then they should be gradually taught to endure winter temperatures without any earth cover. In addition, to increase cold resistance, you can use the “mentor” method of education developed by I. V. Michurin. For this purpose, young seedlings need to be grafted onto a cold-resistant stock of Amur grapes, or a cutting of this cold-resistant species is grafted onto a seedling. Under the influence of a cold-resistant stock or scion, the property of cold resistance is enhanced in a hybrid seedling.

If the task is to develop Muscat resistant to oidium and mildew diseases, then, in addition to crossing this variety with some American disease-resistant variety, it is sometimes necessary to strengthen this resistance again by grafting. The same method of directed education can be used in breeding more productive varieties with early ripening of berries and with other features and properties. In particular, with distant interspecific hybridization, it often becomes necessary to improve the quality of the variety. For this purpose, cuttings of high-quality European grape varieties are grafted onto the seedling. In this case, the tissues of the seedling are built by nutrients, produced by leaves of a quality European variety, due to which the same trait develops in a hybrid seedling.

Improvement in the quality of the variety and increase in yield can be achieved by improving the nutritional conditions a year before fruiting. To do this, organic fertilizers are applied in a mixture with granular phosphorus and potash fertilizers. In the year of the beginning of fruiting, the amount of fertilizer applied increases.

To ensure strong growth and quick fruiting, seedlings should not be replanted frequently, and the leaf area should also be reduced when pruning. Seedlings should be transplanted only after the first rejection at the age of one.

When transplanting, seedlings are given normal distances between bushes and rows, established for a fruit-bearing vineyard in a given area, while the root system should be significantly deepened compared to its location in a one-year-old seedling. Pruning shoots in this case is long, which contributes to the early entry young plant into fruition.

rejection

But not all seedlings obtained should be brought to fruiting. Some seedlings can be selected and discarded already at an early age. Depending on the task, the selection of unsuitable seedlings can be carried out different ways and on various grounds.

So, for example, when breeding cold-resistant varieties, the selection of seedlings is achieved in a natural way. That part of the seedlings that does not have sufficient cold resistance, when left for the winter without shelter with earth, will have varying degrees of damage by winter frosts. Seedlings severely affected by frost can be rejected in the first year if they do not have other valuable traits and it is not intended to carry out additional work with them in the future to increase their cold resistance by grafting. By the time of ripening of the vine, one can also judge the property of cold resistance and the duration of the growing season. The faster and better the annual shoots of seedlings ripen, the more cold-resistant the latter.

In the spring of each year, seedlings can be selected not only for cold resistance, but also for other characteristics. During the development of fungal diseases or during artificial infection, the most disease-resistant seedlings should be selected. During the flowering period of grapes, seedlings with an abnormal flower structure can be isolated and discarded.

Evaluation of the resulting hybrids

The most complete assessment of the resulting hybrids can only be given after they have entered fruiting. It must be borne in mind that in the first year of fruiting it is impossible to judge the yield and quality of fruits, since at this time both clusters and berries are usually smaller. With the further development of grapes and the improvement of nutritional conditions, the size of clusters and berries gradually increases and the quality indicators of plants are revealed.

It is necessary to remember the instructions of T. D. Lysenko that “ good varieties plants, as well good breeds animals in practice have always been created and are created only under the condition of good agricultural technology, good animal husbandry. With poor agricultural practices, not only can good varieties never be obtained from bad ones, but in many cases even good cultivars become bad after several generations. Therefore, newly obtained hybrids should receive good agricultural practices, since under poor growth and development conditions, valuable traits and properties may change for the worse in the future.

How great is the importance of abundant nutrition of hybrid seedlings can be judged from the data obtained by A.K. square meter 18 kg of humus, 150 g of superphosphate and 20 g of ash.

Seedlings grown on such an agricultural background were characterized not only by strong growth, but also laid fruit buds, starting from 12-13 nodes and above.

In the second year of vegetation, seedlings, as a rule, begin to bear fruit, which makes it possible to select valuable numbers not only in terms of growth and morphological features shoots and leaves, but also in terms of yield.

Seedlings grown with abundant nutrition, in the third year, in terms of overall growth strength and fruiting, do not differ from ordinary bushes that have already entered the fruiting season.

Abundant nutrition not only accelerates the fruiting of seedlings, but also contributes to the development of valuable traits in them. If in the first year of development of seedlings, fruit buds develop starting from the 12-13th node, then in two-year-old and older plants, the development of fruit buds moves closer to the base of the shoot.

Further propagation of newly bred varieties

Further propagation of newly bred varieties is carried out by cuttings. It must be remembered that not all cuttings can provide valuable traits of a new variety. Therefore, special attention should be paid to the selection of the best bushes and cuttings within the bushes. Considering that vegetative deviations often appear on young bushes, if the cuttings are not selected correctly, the variety can be worsened, and, conversely, if the best cuttings are carefully selected, the variety can be improved.

Breeding of new varieties of grapes. The current stage in the development of viticulture is characterized by specific features. Industrial viticulture is concentrated in ecological areas with the most favorable natural conditions, mainly in specialized farms. Vineyards are laid in large arrays, so the planted varieties must be adapted to the mechanization of labor-intensive processes: pruning, caring for bushes, tillage, and harvesting.

Whereas in the past breeders have devoted all their skill and experience to improving appearance bunches and the taste of berries, now the tasks of increasing the resistance of grapes against frost, pests, and diseases, while increasing productivity, have come to the fore before breeding. There is also an obvious need for selection for a certain chemical composition, achievement in the berries of the optimal amount of organic acids, sugars, amino acids, vitamins, aromatic compounds and other biologically active substances.

International congresses on viticulture and symposiums devoted to the issues of genetics and selection of grapes have shown that the main method for improving its genetic properties at the present stage is combination breeding based on sexual hybridization and obtaining offspring with an updated combination of valuable traits and strengthening of some of them due to heterosis or transgression .

The decisive point in the application of hybridization is the choice of starting material for selection. It depends on the set selection task and the availability of species and varietal resources. When breeding grape varieties resistant to frost, pests and diseases, intervarietal, distant, repeated and complex hybridization is used with the use of high-quality varieties of the Euro-Asian grape V. vinifera as a source material, including those with a slightly increased endurance against frost damage, damage gray rot, phylloxera, as well as representatives of the species - Amur V. amurensis, American - V. Labrusca, V. riparia, V. rupestris and others, characterized by complex resistance to adverse environmental factors.

Perennial practical work on the breeding of new varieties, carried out in the conditions of Odessa, Crimean, Donetsk, Kherson and Kiev regions of Ukraine, allowed researchers to clarify certain methodological provisions in grape breeding to increase immunity against phylloxera, fungal diseases, as well as winter hardiness.

It is necessary to take into account the polymorphism of Amur grapes. It is far from indifferent which forms of V. amurensis are taken for selection, since some give offspring that are more resistant to frost and mildew, while others are less resistant. Seedlings also differ in the degree of adaptation to arid and soil conditions in the south of Ukraine. Many forms are not viable and show depressive growth, low combination ability when crossed with different varieties.

Repeated hybridization of European-Amur and European-American varieties with European ones leads to a sharp decrease in resistance to frost, mildew, and phylloxera. Only single individuals are sufficiently cold-resistant in the conditions of the south of the Odessa region, but they are poorly winter-hardy in the middle and northern parts of the viticultural zone of Ukraine. In areas with more severe climatic factors, the most promising selection for resistance is through the use of complex hybridization of resistant forms with each other.

When breeding varieties resistant to the impact of one or another negative factor, one should take into account not only the polygenic nature of the property of resistance, but also the role of cytoplasmic heredity. For a more complete inheritance of resistance, it is better to take the most hardy forms as maternal parents.

The cultivation of grapes has more than one thousand years. Its taste and useful properties were appreciated by residents ancient egypt. Over the centuries, a lot of information has been accumulated about the gene pool of varieties, their biomorphological and economic and technical properties. Ampelography is engaged in the collection and processing of this information.

The data obtained is needed for reproduction and selection. Every year there are new species with improved properties. Thanks to this, the crop is now grown not only in warm regions, but also in areas with a variable climate. For example, in Siberia.

Distinctive features of new varieties

New varieties of grapes and hybrids differ from the mother ones in many positive qualities:

ultra-high resistance to frost - time and physical costs are reduced during cultivation;

high yield - a combination of abundant fruiting and good taste characteristics;

immunity to fungal and viral diseases - no additional treatments chemicals makes berries environmentally friendly;

early ripeness - increases the harvesting period, a clear plus for both the consumer and workers in industrial cultivation;

bisexual flowers - make cultivation simple.

When breeding new varieties, special attention is paid to the climatic zone where grapes will be cultivated.

How do you get new species?

New varieties are obtained in several ways:

Vegetative hybridization is a method of obtaining plants known since ancient times. This is sexual reproduction by grafting a kidney. Affects the timing of maturation and a number of morphological features.

Artificial hybridization - sexual and asexual crossing. It is based on the combination of genes from different cells in one.

Sowing seeds of natural pollination is a method known from the 3rd century BC. BC e.

All methods of obtaining new species are aimed at creating varieties with the best commodity and taste characteristics.

Photos

Brief description of new varieties

The varieties described below are new. They are characterized by high yield, transportability and long shelf life.

Seedless hybrid VI-4- table variety. The bushes are strong and grow well. The growing season does not exceed 140 days. White long berries form large conical clusters. The variety tolerates long hauls well. Moderately resistant to fungus, decay and sub-zero temperatures.

Veles Kishmish- a hybrid with a nutmeg flavor. Berries are juicy and sweet. The mass of the bunch is up to 1500 g. The color is light pink. Some fruits contain seeds. Grapes can withstand light frosts well. Has good immunity.

Lowland 2 - table grapes, ripening in clusters up to two kilograms. The berries are large, light purple. With pleasant taste and smell. Sugar content up to 19%. Feature of a grade - early coloring of fruits and berry taste with easy sourness. The crop is characterized by an excellent presentation, the ability to endure long transportation. The bush endures frost and is not afraid of many diseases.

Premier Kishmish- a variety bred by amateur breeders. Is different large size yellowish-pink berries. Bunch weight 750 g. Harvest ripens 120 days after bud opening. Hangs on a bush for a long time without spoiling. Disease resistance is average.

Sprinter- grapes obtained by amateur selection. Ripens extremely early. But 105-110 days after bud break. The berries are red, large, round. The weight of the bunch is 500-600 g. The pulp is dense and juicy. The variety is resistant to frost and mildew.

Every day, breeders are working to create an “ideal” variety that would be able to produce a plentiful and tasty crop of universal purpose at minimal cost when grown.

Video "New and hybrid grape varieties"