How to get a new grape variety. Breeding of new varieties of grapes for wall pavilion culture. Collection of pollen from the paternal plant

Breeding of new varieties of grapes. The current stage in the development of viticulture is characterized by specific features. Industrial viticulture is concentrated in ecological areas with the most favorable natural conditions, mainly in specialized farms. Vineyards are laid in large arrays, so the planted varieties must be adapted to the mechanization of labor-intensive processes: pruning, caring for bushes, tillage, and harvesting.

If in the past breeders directed all their skill and experience to improving the appearance of clusters and the taste of berries, now the tasks of increasing the resistance of grapes to frost, pests, and diseases, while increasing productivity, have come to the fore before breeding. It is also obvious that it is necessary to select for a certain chemical composition, to achieve the optimal amount of organic acids, sugars, amino acids, vitamins, aromatic compounds and other biologically active substances in berries.

International congresses on viticulture and symposiums devoted to the issues of genetics and selection of grapes have shown that the main method for improving its genetic properties on present stage is combination breeding based on sexual hybridization and the production of offspring with an updated combination of valuable traits and the strengthening of some of them due to heterosis or transgression.

The decisive point in the application of hybridization is the choice of starting material for selection. It depends on the set selection task and the availability of species and varietal resources. When breeding grape varieties resistant to frost, pests and diseases, intervarietal, distant, repeated and complex hybridization is used with the use of high-quality varieties of the Euro-Asian grape V. vinifera as a source material, including those with a slightly increased endurance against frost damage, damage gray rot, phylloxera, as well as representatives of the species - Amur V. amurensis, American - V. Labrusca, V. riparia, V. rupestris and others, characterized by complex resistance to adverse environmental factors.

Perennial practical work on the breeding of new varieties, carried out in the conditions of Odessa, Crimean, Donetsk, Kherson and Kiev regions of Ukraine, allowed researchers to clarify certain methodological provisions in grape breeding to increase immunity against phylloxera, fungal diseases, as well as winter hardiness.

It is necessary to take into account the polymorphism of Amur grapes. It is far from indifferent which forms of V. amurensis are taken for selection, since some give offspring that are more resistant to frost and mildew, while others are less resistant. Seedlings also differ in the degree of adaptation to arid and soil conditions in the south of Ukraine. Many forms are not viable and show depressive growth, low combination ability when crossed with different varieties.

Repeated hybridization of European-Amur and European-American varieties with European ones leads to a sharp decrease in resistance to frost, mildew, and phylloxera. Only single individuals are sufficiently cold-resistant in the conditions of the south of the Odessa region, but they are poorly winter-hardy in the middle and northern parts of the viticultural zone of Ukraine. In areas with more severe climatic factors, the most promising selection for resistance is through the use of complex hybridization of resistant forms with each other.

When breeding varieties resistant to the impact of one or another negative factor, one should take into account not only the polygenic nature of the property of resistance, but also the role of cytoplasmic heredity. For a more complete inheritance of resistance, it is better to take the most hardy forms as maternal parents.

Increased frost resistance, new taste notes, low susceptibility to bacterial, viral and fungal diseases, high fruitfulness, these and many other properties improve with each new variety.

To study the numerous qualities of grapes, options for crossing varieties, breeding newest hybrids created a special science called "ampelography".

Benefits of new grape varieties

New varieties have a lot of improved qualities. Modern varieties can be planted not only in a warm climate, as it was decades ago, now the berry has time to ripen in a temperate zone, without dying in severe frosts.

Some grape varieties are able to withstand winter weather with temperatures down to -25˚ and below. This kind of vineyards, as a rule, are characterized by an early period of maturation. Tamerlane, Rusven, Wax - these are just a few examples of grapes that have the above properties.

It is important to understand that planting the same grapes in different climatic zones, the result will also be different.

In order to successfully grow berries, you need to adapt to the climatic zone. It is necessary to apply knowledge, provide additional insulation for seedlings, treat plantings with a fungicide. With the right approach, the return will be maximum.

Grape breeding methods

Directions for selection of grape varieties:

Whatever method is used in practice, the result should be obtaining those qualities that are aimed at selection.

The successful result will be the breeding of a variety that will surpass the already existing one in its qualities. What properties should be emphasized when breeding a new variety?

1. Resistant to winter frost

Frost-resistant varieties are beneficial in that they do not die in harsh winter conditions. Plus, both the financial and physical costs of caring for plantings in winter period are reduced to a minimum.

2. High disease resistance

Varieties that can withstand various fungi, bacteria and viruses do not require additional treatments. chemical compounds. This improves the quality of the fruit.

3. Obtaining varieties with bisexual flowers

Such plants do not require additional pollination measures; bushes of the opposite sex are not planted in the immediate vicinity.

4. Yield increase

There are varieties that, with excellent quality of the resulting berries, have a low yield. The combination of both qualities in one variety will help to get a lot good harvest in one season.

5. Obtaining varieties of early ripening

Grapes that have short time maturation, helps to increase the season for eating fresh crops. At the same time, technical plantings could increase the picking time, which significantly relieves workers who do not need to pick berries in a short time.

To obtain varieties with the necessary qualities, a careful selection of parent individuals is carried out.

It is desirable that the parents be as distantly related as possible, and yet possess the desired qualities. Particular attention should be paid to the fact which of the two parent plants is female and which is male.

New grape varieties introduced in 2013

In 2013, scientists and amateur gardeners obtained several varieties that have the qualities that allow you to get more yield, and at the same time experience less difficulties with transportation and storage.

Veles kishmish

A hybrid variety obtained from crossing Sophia and Rusbol. Berries with crispy flesh and a pleasant nutmeg note.

The mass of a ripe bunch is about one and a half kilograms. Ripens early.

Resistant to frost down to -21 ˚ C. Sometimes seeds appear in the berries.

Characterized by high resistance to pathogens.

Premier Kishmish

Folk grape, the original varieties of which remained unknown.

A distinctive feature is large berries, which are saturated with nutmeg shades when fully ripe. Shoot growth is strong. Average resistance to mildew obliges to carry out regular treatments with drugs.

The growth of the bushes is strong, the berries ripen late. The color of the berry is white, the taste is unobtrusive. Variety with rudimentary seeds inside berries.

Resistance to various diseases is closer to average. Not resistant to frost.

Well preserved during transportation.

Lowland 2

A characteristic feature of this variety are large, up to two kilograms of weight, clusters. The taste has notes of cherry, some sourness. Berries are light purple. It is well kept during long transportations.

The growth of the shoots is strong, ripening of the middle term, frost-resistant to -23˚ C. Resistant enough to disease. Keeps well and tastes better.

Sprinter

Characterized by early ripening of fruits. Flowers are bisexual. Ripe bunches weigh up to 600 gr. The color of the berries is red. The taste of berries is harmonious. High resistance to mildew, excellent transport tolerance.

Features of the latest grape varieties

Thus, the latest grape varieties are characterized by:

increased resistance to long-term transportation;
increase in storage periods;
reduction in maturation;
increased resistance to disease;
increase in frost resistance.

These qualities help to grow the grapes that will bring the maximum amount of profit with the least loss and preservation of taste.

Safety during transportation helps to deliver the harvest in integrity throughout the country and beyond.

Sprinter, Seedless hybrid - these varieties are well stored, endure transportation. Also important appearance grapes.

So, varieties like Lowland 2 are less in demand due to the color of the berries, while grapes with golden bunches are more popular.

At the same time, Nizina 2 ripens quickly, which covers its inconspicuous color and taste. The taste, by the way, during storage becomes quite saturated.

Premier kishmish conquers both with its color and its taste, which covers the low resistance to diseases. Each new variety is good in its own way, each has a lot of positive properties.

Work on the creation of perfect grapes continues. Geneticists are working on the theoretical basis for growing the ideal variety. Breeders test in practice, introduce into production new ways of crossing varieties, get new vines.

A whole range of activities is aimed at cultivating a culture that will have those properties that are beneficial to humans.

Every year the number of items increases, and we are one step closer to those plants that can satisfy all needs at once. 2013 brought new varieties, but there are still many discoveries ahead, and lovers of fragrant berries will still be able to enjoy new notes of taste and color.

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The cultivation of grapes has more than one thousand years. His taste and beneficial features appreciated by residents ancient egypt. Over the centuries, a lot of information has been accumulated about the gene pool of varieties, their biomorphological and economic and technical properties. Ampelography is engaged in the collection and processing of this information.

The data obtained is needed for reproduction and selection. Every year there are new species with improved properties. Thanks to this, the crop is now grown not only in warm regions, but also in areas with a variable climate. For example, in Siberia.

Distinctive features of new varieties

New varieties of grapes and hybrids differ from the mother ones in many positive qualities:

ultra-high resistance to frost - time and physical costs are reduced during cultivation;

high yield - a combination of abundant fruiting and good taste characteristics;

immunity to fungal and viral diseases - no additional treatments chemicals makes berries environmentally friendly;

early ripeness - increases the harvesting period, a clear plus for both the consumer and workers in industrial cultivation;

bisexual flowers - make cultivation simple.

When breeding new varieties, special attention is paid to the climatic zone where grapes will be cultivated.

How do you get new species?

New varieties are obtained in several ways:

Vegetative hybridization is a method of obtaining plants known since ancient times. This is sexual reproduction by grafting a kidney. Affects the timing of maturation and a number of morphological features.

Artificial hybridization - sexual and asexual crossing. It is based on the combination of genes from different cells in one.

Sowing seeds of natural pollination is a method known from the 3rd century BC. BC e.

All methods of obtaining new species are aimed at creating varieties with the best commodity and taste characteristics.

Photos

Brief description of new varieties

The varieties described below are new. They are characterized by high yield, transportability and long shelf life.

Seedless hybrid VI-4- table variety. The bushes are strong and grow well. The growing season does not exceed 140 days. White long berries form large conical clusters. The variety tolerates long hauls well. Moderately resistant to fungus, decay and sub-zero temperatures.

Veles Kishmish- a hybrid with a nutmeg flavor. Berries are juicy and sweet. The mass of the bunch is up to 1500 g. The color is light pink. Some fruits contain seeds. Grapes can withstand light frosts well. Has good immunity.

Lowland 2 - table grapes, ripening in clusters up to two kilograms. The berries are large, light purple. With pleasant taste and smell. Sugar content up to 19%. Feature of a grade - early coloring of fruits and berry taste with easy sourness. The crop is characterized by an excellent presentation, the ability to endure long transportation. The bush endures frost and is not afraid of many diseases.

Premier Kishmish- a variety bred by amateur breeders. Is different large size yellowish-pink berries. Bunch weight 750 g. Harvest ripens 120 days after bud opening. Hangs on a bush for a long time without spoiling. Disease resistance is average.

Sprinter- grapes obtained by amateur selection. Ripens extremely early. But 105-110 days after bud break. The berries are red, large, round. The weight of the bunch is 500-600 g. The pulp is dense and juicy. The variety is resistant to frost and mildew.

Every day, breeders are working to create an “ideal” variety that would be able to produce a plentiful and tasty crop of universal purpose at minimal cost when grown.

Video "New and hybrid grape varieties"

I became interested in grapes about 15 years ago. At that time, I grew the “Queen of the Vineyards” and “Lydia”, however, like many ... I didn’t even suspect that there were disease-resistant grape varieties. Every year I had to spray Bordeaux liquid. I saw a vineyard at my classmate and got carried away. Yes, so much so that I uprooted everything fruit trees on the estate, drove a tractor, planned, and out of the blue he broke into planting grapes. No experience, I had to go to Zaporozhye to S.G. Leonov. Later, the author of the book “Amateur viticulture.” He told me in detail what and how. I started planting with cuttings. Then I went to Klyuchikov E.A. for seedlings. Corresponded with many growers, such as: Sokolov V.I., Olefir E.M., Alekseenko A.N., Kuzmenko N.I., Dmitrenko V.P., Piven I.I., Sinyak G. I.and others..Sokolov V.I.I want to note as a knowledgeable, experienced viticulturist-practitioner from the city of Nikolaev. He helped me a lot at that time with new varieties.After all, what do we want? to surpass the rest and no one had. Like pigeons. In a word, I also joined this race for the “miracle variety” of grapes. and soil replacement .. And 2004, a shallow year, cured me of my craving for a “new variety.” I began to see old varieties created by specialists and tested by time differently. I’m not against today’s home-grown breeders, but why fool people? so what? Now you need to test and get a certificate? And who can help evaluate and issue a "go-ahead" for distribution? If Krasokhina S.I., candidate of village sciences, she also trades in dubious varieties. site. So it turns out that black business is flourishing in the field of amateur viticulture. An experienced winegrower, of course, will not buy it, but beginners, even very easily.
I, too, at one time, for sporting interest, wanted to create a variety. After all, in essence, what is it? Any seedling carries the uniqueness of the variety, so do it. In my opinion, do not blame me for simplicity, there are two ways to get a variety. Clone selection and hybrid. Clone, this is when the entire vine of the variety goes to planting seedlings and the best ones are selected. .But this is a long way. And the second, a hybrid in which plant pollen is involved. Please forgive me for my stupidity, but as I understand it. I got this process to growing seedlings. but “my selection stopped.” And I started with the following. I don’t remember exactly, but it seems that the bunches of the Rapture variety were placed in a paper bag, and when flowering, I tied flowers of a different variety to them, in my opinion, Natalya. the appearance of a droplet on the pistil, remove the stamens for bisexuals, and for female flowers, it’s even easier to tie and wait. You can simply collect pollen from early-flowering grape varieties and pollinate the variety that blooms later with powder puffs .. The pollination operation should take place under a paper bag. in general, at that time I did not pursue the goal of creating super-berries. It was just interesting. When the berries are tied, the packages are removed and they are waiting for full ripening. Then, like in tomatoes, the seeds are selected, washed in a weak solution of potassium permanganate and dried. a bag of dense fabric in the sand. In early spring, the seeds are stratified in wet sand for a week, then they are allowed to dry and planted like carrots with sand, but only to school and under a film. Normal care, watering and thinning. In the second year, the seedlings are transplanted and observed strength of growth and the presence of sores. To obtain the first trial berries, there must be 5 year old rootstock bushes in which the trunk is cut to cause shoots and the best seedlings are planted on them. If you are lucky, you will get a new variety. So, there is nothing original in this, there would be time and desire.

Scientists have found that adults healthy person it is necessary to eat 70 kg of grapes of various varieties per year. In reality, 30 kg is not even an average result, but the best. All this is because in many regions grapes continue to be a delicacy. Many summer residents are seriously considering growing vines on their plots. This is possible because modern varieties and hybrid forms are bred not only for every taste, but for various conditions growth. In the article we will talk about new grape varieties (description and comparison), give their detailed characteristics.

Description of the earliest grape varieties, advantages and disadvantages

Thanks to the painstaking work of modern breeders, hybrid forms have appeared, the ripening period of which has surpassed all stereotypes, and is 100 days.

Ruslan is one of the early varieties.

The most popular among gardeners are:

№	Name	Description	Advantage	Flaws
1.	"Ruslan"	The hybrid form of the varieties "Kuban" and "Gift to Zaporozhye" of the famous Ukrainian breeder V.V. Zagorulko. Tall shrubs with multi-sex flowers. Fruits with an average weight - 20 g. Ripening period - 100 - 115 days. Clusters weighing - 800 - 900 g. Pulp of fruit flavor with plum aftertaste. Harvest - the second decade of August.	Frost resistance up to minus 23 0 . High resistance to fungal diseases.	Does not tolerate excess moisture.
2.	"Lelik"	Hybrid form of folk breeder E. G. Pavlovsky, created on the basis of the variety "Baklanovsky" and "Hybrida 41". Vigorous climber with bisexual flowers. Berries of pink color, weighing 8 g. The mass of one bunch reaches 1 kg.	Withstands frosts down to minus 24 0 . Moderately resistant to oidium mildew and gray mold.	Heterogeneous ripening of berries in bunches.
3.	Muscat Novoshah-	The author of the hybrid, E. G. Pavlovsky, brought him out of the "Talisman" and "XVII-10-26". The weight of a bunch, on average, is 500 g. The taste is very sweet. Ripens by mid-August.	Ripe berries can be stored on the bushes for a long time without compromising taste. Moderately resistant to major diseases.	The vine is prone to overload, requires normalization
4.	"Melting"	A hybrid of the Ukrainian breeder A. A. Golub, appeared as a result of crossing "Atlanta" with "Arcadia" and a mixture of pollen. Bisexual form with early maturation. Fruit color is white.	It has an increased resistance to diseases and successfully tolerates frosts down to minus -23 0 .

In addition to the others described earlier, ripen:

"Outrigger",
"Beloved Muscat"
"Vitannya",
"Alexa Early"
"Mary Magdalene"
"Libya",
"Sphinx",
"Primitive"
"Pulsar",
"Charlie",
"Azalea",
"Vovchik",
Vera, etc.

The listed varieties and hybrids are relatively unpretentious in care, therefore, more often than others, they are planted in summer cottages.

"Lelik" - a variety of E. G. Pavlovsky - one of the gardeners' favorites.

Features of mid-early varieties and hybrid forms

In terms of ripeness, they require more time than the early ones, but not by much. On average, the hybrids of this group are harvested at the end of August. Gardeners prefer these grape varieties:

"Leah"- an early variety, ripening in 110 - 115 days. Created by V. V. Zagorulko by crossing the varieties "Arcadia" and "Atlant Zaporozhye".

Table form, that is, what is intended for fresh use.
Bushes give up to 3 m of growth annually.
The color of ripe fruits is white-pink.
Clusters of 900 g each, the weight of 2 kg has been repeatedly noticed.
The sweetness of berries depends on the number of sunny days, the warmer, the more sugar.
Withstands frost without shelter - minus 21 0 .
The defeat of the main diseases 3.5 - 4 points.

Disadvantage: the variety reacts negatively to excessive watering and prolonged rains.

"Liya" is a relatively frost-resistant variety of early ripening.

"Prometheus"- another hybrid of V.V. Zagorulko, bred by crossing the varieties "Kishmish radiant" and "Arcadia".

Distinguished by functionally female flowers.
The bunch is similar in structure to the Arcadia variety.
Fruit color is dark pink.
Resistance to winter cold up to minus 21 0 .

"Ksenia"- the variety was bred by V.N. Krainov, has a second name "Angelica".

Vigorous bushes of medium early maturity 115 - 125 days.
Large clusters, weighing up to 1.5 kg, with oblong berries of white - pink color.
The pulp is sweet and crunchy with several flavors.

The advantage is high disease resistance. Handles transportation well.

Tip #1Note! Variety "Xenia" requires annual pruning for 8 - 10 eyes.

"Carmen"- E. G. Pavlovsky connected the Nadezhda AZOS variety and the hybrid form FVC-94-3.

Ripening period - 3.5 months in mid-August.
Vigorous bushes - 2 m or more.
Flowers bisexual.
The weight of a bunch of grapes is 600 - 800 g.
The color of the fruit is red-violet, the shape is elongated.
The disadvantage is that the variety is prone to overload and needs thinning of the ovary.

Gardeners favorably relate to the cultivation of relatively unpretentious early and mid-early varieties such as:

"Vlada",
"Glad",
"Sofia",
"Fupshetny",
"Elf",
Abu Hasan.
"Blessing"
"Victor",
"Long-awaited"
"Zlatogor", etc.

Grape varieties of medium and medium late ripening

Among the popular ones are:

Medium maturity	Middle late
"Anapsky giant"	"Ataman"
"White Giant"	"Juliet"
"Anthony the Great"	"Zagrava"
"Black Grand"	"Lactic"
"Anyuta"	"Roadside"
"Cowberry"	"September"
"Ataman Pavlyuk"	"Moldova"
"Valentina"	"Original"
"Lady Patricia"	"Kara Palvan"
"Golden Rain"	"Alphonse Lavalle"
"Verona"
"Odessa souvenir"
"Meteorite"
"PG - 12"

The following varieties and hybrids deserve more detailed attention:

"Anapsky giant"- a variety of universal, vigorous. It belongs to medium-ripening, the berries are gaining ripeness by mid-September. Clusters are small, 200 g each, the color of the fruit is white.
Ataman Pavlyuk"- the result of the selection work of V. U. Kapelyushny, by crossing the varieties "Talismpn" and "Autumn Black". The result is a fast growing bush with large clusters up to 1300 g, often up to 2 kg. The advantage is the complete absence of peas. The variety is popular because of the good preservation both on the vine and in the plucked form.

A feature of the variety "Ataman Pavlyuk" is a wax coating that protects the fruits from diseases, pests and abnormally low temperatures for grapes. The colder the weather, the thicker the plaque.

"Alphonse Lavalle"- a table French variety that has successfully taken root with us. Refers to the middle. It has bisexual flowers. Clusters are heterogeneous - from loose to dense. Berries of the correct round shape of dark purple. The ripening period is up to 160 days, subject to a positive temperature of +22 0 - +32 0. Disadvantage: not resistant to most fungal diseases, does not withstand frost and spring return frosts.

Growing conditions for late grapes

To get a harvest late varieties it will take 155 - 160 days. They are meant for long term storage. Read also the article: → "". Most often they are used in warm climate zones or in greenhouses.

Name of the hybrid

Peculiarities

Flaws

"Courage"

Vigorous shrub with bisexual flowers. The mass of one bunch is 1 - 2 kg.

Fruit color is white.

The ripening period is the end of September.

They are highly resistant to fungal diseases.

Weak frost resistance

"Skorensky red"

The result of crossing Datier de Saint Valier, Nimrang x Pocket.

Table variety.

Bushes are large, clusters - 0.5 - 0.7 kg.

The color of the berries is purple-red.

The advantage is high resistance to fungal diseases.

Not stored.

For growing late varieties such as Courage, many of which are European, it is better to use an inclined landing.

Tip # 2. The successful development of a young vine and the quality of a mature crop depends on properly conducted irrigation. Mandatory watering is carried out the first 2 years. For adult plants, irrigation is necessary before flowering and water-charging watering for the winter.

The best varieties for the Crimea, the Volga region, the Moscow region, the Leningrad region, Siberia

Gone are the days when grapes were considered exclusively southern culture. Thanks to professional and amateur selection, modern varieties are able to satisfy gardeners living in various climatic zones. As before, Crimea is the leader in the cultivation of grapes. Thanks to the climate, the most early varieties ripen at the end of July.

"Pearl Saba"- medium-sized fruits, when ripe, amber-golden, rounded, with pulp of a delicate and pleasant taste, with a nutmeg aroma of nutmeg, clusters small size, the shape is loose.

"Pearl Saba" is one of the sweetest varieties.

"Queen of the Vineyards"- a variety with large berries, round or slightly elongated, golden amber in color, with large clusters.
"Tyfi pink"- with large long clusters up to 25 cm long. The color of the berries is dark pink, the shape is regular round. Ripens in 167 days.

These varieties are the most famous and popular. But thanks to selection, grapes are grown in many climatic zones, even in those whose conditions are opposite to Crimean. Such varieties and hybrids are typical for different regions.

Moscow region	Leningradskayaregion	Volga region	Ural	Siberia
F - 14-75 (shape)	F1475	Liepajas Dzintars	Zilga	Tukay
Laura	Mars	Dovga	Aleshenkin	Solovyova-58
Shun	Russian Karinka	Tsiravas Agro	Sharov's riddle	Rusven
Nadezhda Aksaiskaya	In memory of Dombkowska	Silva	In memory of Dombkowska	Muromets
Victoria	Reline Pink Seedless,	Superearly Cicatricial	In memory of Shatilov	Super early red muscat
Nakhodka AZOS	Neptune	Zolotinka	Muscat white extra early	Kodryanka
Super Extra	Super extra	Super extra	Muscat pink early
First-Called	Victor	Elegant super early	Beauty of the North
	Laura	Victoria
Phenomenon (Augustin, Pleven steady)	Timur	Timur
Muscat summer	Augustine	Kolobok
Cherry	Extra	Prima
Aleshenkin	Ainset Seedless	Hip-hop
Charlie		Sphinx

Rubric: "Questions and answers"

Question number 1. What are the largest grape varieties?

Harold.
Laura.
Augustine.
New century.
Paul.
Memory of a surgeon.
Karmakod.
In memory of Negrul.
Stashensky.
Kodryanka.

Question number 2. Which varieties are best suited to transport?

Shami Abiad.
Gorgeous. Read also the article: → "".
chieftain,
Kodryanka.
Kishmish Kalina.
Arched.
Baikonur.

Question number 3. Which grape keeps the longest?

Ruslan.
Moldova - up to 160 days;
Memory of Negrul - up to 130 days;
Autumn black - up to 120 days;
Criuleni - up to 100 days;
Original - up to 130 days;
Light - up to 100 days;
Hope AZOS - up to 90 days;
Tahir - up to 90 days.

Question number 4. What grape varieties are the most frost-resistant?

Carmen - 30 0,
September - 21 0,
Moldova - 23 0,
Anthony the Great - 23 0,
Black grand - 23 0,
Cowberry - 24 0,
Valentine - 24 0,
Meteorite - 24 0,
Romeo - 23 0.

Serious mistakes gardeners make when choosing new grape varieties

Mistake #1. Choosing a grape variety that is not suitable for growing in a given climate zone.

Often when acquiring a new variety, gardeners find themselves hostage to unscrupulous sellers who distribute plants that do not grow locally. At best, this will affect the quality and quantity of the crop, but most likely the grapes will not take root.

Mistake #2. Planting new varieties in a common vineyard.

A newly acquired plant is best planted separately or kept in quarantine. It is not known how the local "environment" will affect the new variety, it is better to protect it (if possible) from infection with diseases.

Mistake #3. The choice of heat-loving varieties for a zone with a harsh climate.

In this case, the main criterion is frost resistance, otherwise grapes can only be grown in a greenhouse.