Care growing vegetables. How to grow early vegetables. Site selection and soil preparation

The big advantage of a home garden is that the plants are under our daily control. But for such gardening there are a number of features. Vegetables can be grown even all year round. But the expected result will not always be obtained, you will have to work hard and even spend money financially. What points need to be taken into account?

Varieties of vegetables for growing in an apartment

Breeding and seed companies have created special series of seeds for home gardening - the Four Summer series, for example. But you can choose varieties and hybrids yourself, given some features. Choose early maturing, small-fruited, high-yielding hybrids and varieties with a compact plant shape.

from tomatoes perform well at home Ramblin Gold Stripe, Yellow Riding Hood, Megabyte And Red placer. from cucumbers successful parthenocarpics Gift F1, Matilda F1, Santana F1. Bell pepper grows from seed Subject And Kuzya- very fruitful. From basilicas worth trying small-leaved forms Naughty, Freshness, Bush.

Optimal timing for sowing seeds

Difficulties do not stop enthusiastic plant growers, and hydroponic technologies and modern phytotrons with a controlled microclimate specially for grown plants take root at home for a long time.

For a guaranteed harvest, it is recommended to sow seeds at the same traditional time as when growing vegetables on suburban area. First, it is fully consistent with plant biology. Secondly, you do not have to set up a long additional, maintaining the desired temperature and use big number plants.

Yes, in middle lane can be sown from the end of March to the end of August. Tomato, pepper and eggplant - at the end of January, cucumber and root vegetables - from the end of March.

Container size and soil

For a tomato and cucumber, a 5-liter pot is enough, beans - 2-3 liters, zucchini - 5 liters, greens - any container with a height of 7 cm or more. Ampelous tomatoes and some greens look great in hanging planters.

It is advisable to use ready-made, universal for vegetable crops. It excludes the presence of fungal and bacterial diseases. It is often already filled with a complex of fertilizers, which is important for initial stage growth. If there is a desire to use "garden" soil, then it must be taken from a site where similar crops have not been grown before. And it is better to disinfect it in one of the ways: calcined in the oven, spilled with boiling water, disinfected with a weak solution of potassium permanganate. It is important for each plant to provide drainage in the container so that the root system does not rot from excess moisture.

Choosing a place to grow

The best lighting will be on a balcony or window located in the south or east.

In the future, not every culture prefers direct sunlight. To ensure comfortable conditions, it is necessary to shade the windows of the balcony so that the leaves do not get burned.

If the balcony is on the north side and there is a desire to grow vegetables and herbs with your own hands, then you can’t do without lighting. This is especially necessary during the period when seedlings are grown. There are several solutions: use home lamps, purchase specialized ones. For good growth, plants need illumination from 8000 lux. Today, such a number of luxes can be given by lamps of the type "Reflux".

Watering and fertilizing plants

Plants need water at room temperature (+20 ... +22 ° C) and make sure that the soil does not dry out. Due to the drying of the soil, the development of the plant will be uneven; during flowering, it can shed flowers and buds, and sometimes even leaves. As necessary, loosen the soil crust if watering is carried out on top of the soil.

Top dressing on green crops, as a rule, is not carried out. They need more tomatoes, peppers, eggplants, cucumbers and watermelons. The main thing here is not to overfeed: due to excess intake mineral fertilizers roots may be damaged and the plant will die. It is better to “underfeed” your wards. Top dressing is carried out with any complex fertilizers every 20 days after 2-3 weeks after transplanting seedlings on permanent place. The rate indicated in the instructions can be safely divided by 2 times. At the time of budding, you need to feed with fertilizers containing calcium, magnesium and boron, then fruiting will be plentiful.

Plant Formation

Given that plants from special seed series are often compact, they do not need to be shaped. But some cultures have their own characteristics. So, as the basil grows, it needs to pinch the shoots; due to this technique, it will acquire a spherical shape. Cucumber and tall tomatoes are formed into 1 stem, removing all side shoots. At the melon and watermelon, all the lashes are tied up, pollination is carried out by hand, and 1-2 set fruits are left on each lash. Low-growing tomatoes, peppers and eggplants do not need shaping.

Love for what you do

The right choice of variety and timely care is half the battle. Without love and creativity, success cannot be achieved.

Delicious and healthy harvests for you all year round!

Photos: Olga Petina, Shutterstock/TASS.

The most popular way to get garden crops on household plots. On the beds you can cultivate potatoes, cabbage, root crops, zucchini, cucumbers, tomatoes, herbs and much more. But to get a rich harvest, you need not only to properly care for the plants, but also carefully select the site and prepare it.

How to do it right you will learn from our article. We have prepared a detailed overview of the methods and means of growing popular garden crops, and have selected photos and videos for you that will facilitate the process of growing vegetables in open ground.

Site selection and soil preparation

Choosing a bed for sowing a particular vegetable should be based on fertility, lighting, humidity levels and other parameters necessary for each type of crop. For example, cucumbers are afraid of drafts, so they are placed in areas protected from the winds, but at the same time quite wet. For cabbage, fertile and moist areas are chosen, well lit and protected from the wind. Tomato beds should be located in places with sufficient lighting, but without excess moisture.

Rice. 1. Preparing the soil for planting vegetables: digging, loosening and fertilizing

After harvesting, the beds are necessarily dug up and fertilized (Fig. 1). To do this, you can use organic matter (manure, bird droppings or compost), mineral fertilizers or green manure - green plants that make the earth looser, prevent weed growth and saturate with useful substances.

A prerequisite for choosing a site for vegetables is the observance of crop rotation. Not all cultures get along well with each other. For example, cabbage greatly impoverishes the land, so after it it is better to plant vegetables that are undemanding to fertility.

Preparing seeds for planting

A high yield of vegetables is ensured not only by the correct selection of a place, but also by the preparation of seeds. Regardless of the type of culture, it is necessary to select only best seeds and process them before sowing. An example of processing is shown in Figure 2.

Note: Before use, the seeds are heated, hardened and germinated. This ensures the appearance of friendly seedlings and high yields.

Preparation of vegetable seeds includes:

Soaking - raw materials are dipped in clean water or a weak solution of potassium permanganate for several hours. This helps to destroy pathogenic bacteria and saturate the seeds with nutrients.
hardening - the change is wrapped in a damp cloth and placed on the bottom shelf of the refrigerator for 4-6 hours. After that, they are transferred to a room with room temperature for another 12 hours.
Germination - before planting, bean or corn seeds are dipped in a plate of water, and then wrapped in a damp cloth and kept at room temperature until the appearance of small roots. This procedure significantly increases germination and yield.

Rice. 2. Treatment of vegetable seeds before planting in open ground

Early and heat-loving crops are grown not only by sowing in open ground, but also seedling way. This is the only opportunity to get a crop in regions with a harsh or unstable climate (for example, in Siberia). With the help of seedlings, you can get not only cucumbers, tomatoes or cabbage, but also beets, zucchini and corn.

Features of growing vegetables

Since each vegetable has its own growing technology, it is necessary to dwell in more detail on the main aspects of the cultivation of common crops in the open field.

Cabbage

Great for cabbage fertile soils with a slight wet slope and the ability to retain moisture.

Note: Good beds for cabbage will be those where potatoes, cucumbers or onions used to grow.

grow cabbage in a seedless way is possible only in a warm climate. In other regions, an early cabbage harvest can only be obtained by pre-breeding seedlings (Fig. 3). Seeds are planted at the end of winter in a container with a nutritious earth mixture. After the formation of several leaves, the seedlings are seated in separate containers.

Rice. 3. Planting and growing cabbage in the open field

Cabbage seedlings are transplanted in May, but it is advisable to prepare the bed in advance: fertilize with manure and carefully dig. Cabbage is planted in rows, at a distance of 50 cm from each other. The soil in the hole is moistened and fertilized with humus and ash.

Note: If the threat of frost has not yet passed, the seedlings can be covered with foil, but when the temperature stabilizes, the shelter is removed.

Cabbage is very sensitive to watering. In the absence of natural precipitation, the soil is moistened every 3 days, and so that a crust does not form on the surface, additional loosening is carried out. Hilling will help retain moisture and prevent the growth of weeds. Also, cabbage can be fertilized by introducing mineral and organic top dressing(10 days after planting seedlings and again a month later).

ornecrops

For root crops, well-lit areas are selected. The most popular crops of this species are carrots and beets. But if carrots tolerate frost and drought well, then beets require more stable climatic conditions.

Note: Despite the resistance of root crops to temperature extremes, it is recommended to carry out pre-sowing treatment seeds to speed up their germination.

Beets can be sown both directly in open ground and grown from seedlings. Seeds are sown in small containers, and after the appearance of two or three leaves they dive (seated in separate pots or cups).

Rice. 4. Growing carrots and beets in open ground

Sowing directly into the soil is carried out when the soil warms up at a depth of 5 cm. Cold ground can cause seeds to germinate slowly or stop growing altogether. The beets may start to sprout side shoots. Sowing and caring for root crops in the open field is shown in Figure 4.

At cultivation of carrots and beets in the open field plants need to be taken care of. First of all, this concerns the loosening of row spacing and fertilizing. Loosening the soil is necessary to eliminate the crust that forms on the surface of the earth after watering or rain. In addition, it helps to eliminate weeds and saturate the roots of plants with moisture.

Top dressings are mainly organic (diluted cow dung or bird droppings), but special mineral supplements for root crops can also be used. It is also recommended to periodically thin out seedlings so that only the strongest plants remain in the garden. Thickened plantings also provoke the development of diseases.

Pumpkin

The most common pumpkin crops in the gardens of our country are pumpkin, cucumbers, zucchini and squash. The main requirements for their cultivation is a sufficient amount of air, sunlight and water (Fig. 5). At the same time, pumpkin is not too demanding on soil fertility; for them, its moisture content is much more important.

Rice. 5. Growing pumpkins, cucumbers and zucchini in open ground

Even though cucumbers, zucchini, tomatoes and squash belong to the same class of plants, the requirements for growing them in garden beds are slightly different:

Grow pumpkin better in areas previously fertilized with humus or mullein. In order for the seeds to germinate faster, they are recommended to be sown in warm earth, and before the appearance of the first shoots - cover with a film.
For squash the earth can be fertilized with minerals, but with proper care culture brings good harvest and without additional dressings. Squash can be grown as seedlings, but it is much easier to sow immediately in open ground, as the vegetable is highly resistant to frost.
Zucchini- quite unpretentious vegetables that do not require special conditions. But to get a rich harvest, it is recommended to fertilize the soil with organic and mineral additives and observe crop rotation. In addition, zucchini love well-lit areas and frequent watering. You can plant directly into the ground, but for regions with a harsh climate and short summers, the seedling method should be preferred.
Cucumbers and their cultivation in open ground e is also quite simple. To do this, it is enough to choose a well-lit area with drained soil. Vegetables are planted directly in open ground, and covered with foil to protect seedlings from frost. Such covering material also prevents the soil from drying out and stops the growth of weeds.

All cucurbits have one general requirement to cultivation: they are very sensitive to lack of moisture, so the beds should be watered regularly (every 3-4 days, provided there is no natural precipitation). Lack of water can lead to reduced yields and palatability vegetables.

Peppers and tomatoes

Grow peppers and tomatoes outdoors is possible only with the help of seedlings, since these crops are thermophilic (Fig. 6). The bed is placed in a place well lit and protected from the cold wind. In addition, it is necessary to fertilize the soil with organic and mineral top dressing in the fall.

Rice. 6. Growing seedlings of peppers and tomatoes in open ground

In warm climates, peppers can still be grown without seedlings. To do this, the seeds are sown in prepared soil around the end of May, and covered with a film. After the appearance of the first shoots, the shelter is removed. Tomato seedlings are also transferred to the soil at the end of May. After planting, you need to properly care for the plants, in particular, regularly loosen the soil to remove weeds, fertilize during the flowering and fruiting period, and also provide the crops with a sufficient amount of liquid.

Legumes

The most popular legumes are beans and corn. These are heat-loving plants, for which wind-protected and well-lit areas are selected (Fig. 7).

When growing legumes in open ground it is necessary to strictly observe crop rotation and carry out pre-sowing seed treatment. This will help not only improve the quality and quantity of seedlings, but also strengthen seedlings during the development period.

Rice. 7. Sowing and growing beans and corn

Since both corn and beans are very sensitive to frost, they are planted outdoors after the weather becomes consistently warm. In addition, before planting, it is recommended to germinate the seeds in a damp cloth until small roots appear.

Potato

Potatoes are the most common vegetable in the gardens of our country. This crop is undemanding to the level of soil fertility, but it is still easier to get a rich harvest when a sufficient amount of organic and mineral fertilizers is applied.

Rice. 8. Growing potatoes in the open field

Medium sized tubers are suitable for planting. On the bed, longitudinal rows are made with holes at a distance of 30-40 cm from each other (Fig. 8).

Note: Before planting, the tubers should release small "eyes", which indicate that the first shoots will soon appear.

Throughout the entire growing period, potatoes are weeded and spud several times to remove weeds. If necessary, apply top dressing or use chemicals to control diseases and pests. In general, growing potatoes in open ground is quite simple, and even novice gardeners can handle the cultivation of this vegetable.

Greenery

Green crops are divided into salad (intended for fresh consumption) and spinach (used for further processing). Salad greens also include spicy crops (basil, dill, cilantro) that are added to dishes fresh or dried. The green planting scheme is shown in Figure 9.

The most popular greens for fresh consumption is considered to be leaf salad. It is a cold-resistant crop that grows well in any soil, but it is better to get a bountiful harvest on loose soils.

Note: To keep the lettuce leaves large and juicy, the beds need to be watered regularly.

Rice. 9. Scheme of planting and growing greenery in the open field

Another popular herb is dill, which is also resistant to cold and disease, and does not require careful care. In the wild, dill grows freely, and often it does not even need to be specially planted, as it is sown on its own in the beds. Dill can be harvested both for greens and for seeds (umbrellas), which are used as a condiment.

Regardless of the type of crop, vegetables require careful care. Key activities include (Figure 10):

Loosening - using this procedure, the upper crust that covers the ground after rain or watering is broken. Loosening helps to improve the penetration of air and moisture into the deep layers of the soil. In addition, it allows you to remove roots and young weeds.
Watering - Most vegetables and herbs require regular watering. But the amount and frequency of water application is different. For example, cucumbers and zucchini require more moisture for abundant fruiting, and excessive watering of tomatoes can provoke late blight.
Top dressing - the introduction of organic and mineral fertilizers at different stages of cultivation allows you to accelerate the growth of crops, make flowering more intense or improve fruit quality.
Hilling - in the process of hilling the bushes are sprinkled with dry earth or peat. This helps retain moisture and prevents weed growth.
Mulching- this is covering the space around the bushes with a layer of sawdust, straw or a special film. Using mulch helps retain moisture, slow down weed growth, and protect young seedlings from frost.

Rice. 10. Vegetable care: loosening, watering, fertilizing and mulching

In addition, the growing process may require the use of specialty chemicals (herbicides and insecticides) to prevent disease and control pests.

Any gardener wants to consume vitamin products as early as possible. Greens, radishes, onions - all these healthy vegetables grown in the open field can please caring summer residents with an early harvest in the second half of April.

The main thing is to know the necessary agricultural practices. Early vegetables need to be sown on time, covered, and suitable fast-ripening crops and early-ripening varieties should be selected.

There are several effective methods for obtaining an early harvest of vegetables.

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1. Growing perennial crops (most often onions), which are the first to grow in the spring and delight with an early harvest. Perennial vegetable crops are a valuable source of the earliest harvest. All perennial vegetables are propagated by dividing the bush. They can also be propagated by seeds. Among perennial vegetables, onions, asparagus and rhubarb are early harvesters.

2. To get an early harvest, you need to pick crops with a short growing season And early ripe varieties . Early vegetables with a short growing season include crops in which the period from germination to the start of harvesting a marketable crop is 20-80 days. Also, when buying seeds, pay attention to the maturity of the variety.

3. The use of special agrotechnical recommendations allows you to get a crop much earlier. Of the known agrotechnical methods, the greatest efficiency was shown use of greenhouses and temporary film shelters , winter crops And growing vegetables on ridges and ridges .

4. Getting an earlier harvest also contributes to selection of a site for growing early vegetables . Plot with easy texture soil, not flooded, sheltered from northern winds, with a southern slope is more favorable for obtaining early vegetables.

Early vegetables in the greenhouse
To speed up the harvest, you can use unheated greenhouses various types, greenhouses and covering material. Glass, polycarbonate, film 100-180 microns thick are used as shelters.

In greenhouses, you can grow seedlings of many vegetable crops for open ground, which will speed up the production of a marketable crop. Greenhouses can also be used for direct harvesting, especially heat-loving crops (watermelon, melon, eggplant, pepper, tomato, etc.).

Growing early vegetables under cover
As a covering material, you can also use a film (40-60 microns thick) and non-woven material (such as lutrasil, agrotex, etc.). You can cover both the soil (mulching) and the plants themselves (tunnel shelters). Mulching increases the temperature of the soil in the zone of the root system, fights weeds.

In the manufacture of tunnels, arcs made of metal, plastic, and willow shoots are used. A film or non-woven material is stretched over the arcs. The use of tunnels is especially effective on such heat-loving crops as watermelon and melon. Cucumbers, eggplants, peppers, zucchini and a number of other vegetables can be grown under the tunnels to speed up their development.

Early planting of vegetables
The earliest possible harvest will give the sowing of vegetables before winter. Especially winter sowing is effective for carrots, parsley, black onion, lettuce, radish, dill. Seeds are sown in such a way that they swell, but do not begin to germinate (in the conditions of Primorye, this is the first five days of November).

In the spring, seeds ready for germination determine favorable conditions themselves and sprout. This agricultural method accelerates the arrival of the crop by 2-3 weeks. When sowing, the seeding rate increases by 20-30%.

early vegetables in the garden
Accelerates germination and soil profiling - arrangement of ridges and beds for growing early vegetables. Ridges and ridges are better warmed by the sun, which means that seedlings will appear earlier and plants will develop faster.

Early varieties vegetables
In addition to the fact that there are early ripening vegetables, which in any weather give a harvest in a month, you can also pick up special early varieties. Then even heat-loving cucumbers, peppers and tomatoes will delight gardeners with early fruits.

early bow
First of all, these are perennial bows. Bow-batun - one of the earliest vegetable crops, which retains its marketable appearance for a long time. At slime onion tasty succulent leaves, edible until the flowering phase. Also at chives the leaves are tender at the beginning of the growing season, and then coarsen. Multi-tiered onion - early regrowth and early consumption. Cheremsha - an early perennial crop, collected both in the wild and grown in the country.

Early root crops
At asparagus juicy thick shoots that grow in spring are eaten. Both green shoots and bleached ones are used. Bleached shoots are obtained by hilling seedlings. When the comb reaches a height of 20-25 cm and shoots appear, it is raked and juicy white shoots are removed.

Radish (spring radish) is traditionally considered the earliest root crop. The growing season is from 20 to 40 days. From early varieties in the Far East are grown Heat , 18 days , french breakfast , Yakhont and etc.

early greens
Salads - These are mainly leafy and semi-headed crops from the Asteraceae and Cruciferous families. lettuce and its various forms have a growing season of 40-50 days.

Beijing cabbage, Chinese cabbage, mustard lettuce have a growing season of 50-60 days. The use of several dates for sowing lettuces allows you to create a conveyor for the supply of vitamin products, because lettuces can be sown in open ground from the end of March to the end of May.

Dill to the greens. Agrotechnics differs from dill to umbel in increased seeding rates by 2-2.5 times. When sowing in the 1st-2nd decade of April, already at the end of June (beginning of July), vitamin products can be removed. For growing on greens, varieties of bushy dill are best suited: Kibray , Umbrella , Uzbek 243 , superducat and others.

early zucchini
Zucchini, squash, crooknecks are crops with a growing season of 45-55 days. When sowing in the third decade of May, production begins to arrive in the second half of July. From zucchini varieties (hybrids) can be grown for early production - Belogor F1 , Gribovskie 37 , yellow-fruited , Kaveli F1 , Video clip , Anchor , Whale (a variety of Far Eastern selection) and others.

Of the early varieties of patisson, the most common Disk , Umbrella , UFO white .

early beans
Vegetable beans are an early ripe, high-protein crop. Unripe beans (shoulder) are eaten when the seed reaches a diameter of 2-3 mm. From seedlings (June 1-5) to the start of bean harvesting (July 15-25), 45-55 days pass.

Breeding varieties of the central regions of Russia are common: Welt , Second , Option , Saks without fiber 615 and others. Of the varieties selected by the Primorskaya OOS, the most famous are Fedoseevna , emerald , Solar .

early peas
Early varieties of vegetable peas include Alpha , Inexhaustible 195 , Golden eagle , Early 301 , Yurga , Sprinter and others. They are often found in vegetable gardens, have a growing season (from germination to the achievement of technical ripeness of the blade) of 40-45 days. Peas are a long-day crop, so the further south a variety is grown, the longer the growing season.

early cucumbers
For open ground in Primorye, early ripe varieties of cucumber of the Far Eastern selection can be recommended. swag , Lotus , Cascade , Amurchonok , Surazhevsky . When sowing in the third decade of May (seedlings appear on June 1-5), the harvest begins in the second decade of July (vegetation period 45-55 days).

In a monsoon climate Far East it is the cultivation of varieties of the Far Eastern selection that guarantees the harvest, since they are relatively resistant to downy mildew and bacteriosis.

Early varieties of cabbage
The earliest varieties of white cabbage are those whose vegetation lasts 70-80 days: Athlete F1, June , Malachite F1 , Number one Gribovsky 147 , Pandion F1 , Solo F1 , Surprise F1 , Chessma F1 , Express F1 and etc.

Early varieties of tomatoes
In tomatoes, the growing season ranges from 70-80 days ( Primorets , Summit , Iogen , pearl etc.) up to 120-130 days.

The most popular way to get garden crops in personal plots is to arrange your own beds. In the open field, you can cultivate many vegetables: potatoes, cabbage, root crops, zucchini, cucumbers, tomatoes, herbs and much more. But to get a rich harvest, you need not only to properly care for the plants, but also carefully select the site and prepare it.

Growing vegetables outdoors

Figure 1. Preparing the soil for planting vegetables: digging, loosening and fertilizing

After harvesting, the beds are necessarily dug up and fertilized (Figure 1). To do this, you can use organic matter (manure, bird droppings or compost), mineral fertilizers or green manure - green plants that make the earth looser, prevent weed growth and saturate with useful substances.

The video shows how to make a universal warm breast for growing vegetables.

Preparing seeds for planting

A high yield of vegetables is ensured not only by the correct selection of a place, but also by the preparation of seeds. Regardless of the type of crop, only the best seeds need to be selected and processed before sowing. An example of processing is shown in Figure 2.

Note: Before use, the seeds are heated, hardened and germinated. This ensures the appearance of friendly seedlings and high yields.

Preparation of vegetable seeds includes:

Soaking - raw materials are dipped in clean water or a weak solution of potassium permanganate for several hours. This helps to destroy pathogenic bacteria and saturate the seeds with nutrients.
hardening - the change is wrapped in a damp cloth and placed on the bottom shelf of the refrigerator for 4-6 hours. After that, they are transferred to a room with room temperature for another 12 hours.
Germination - before planting, bean or corn seeds are dipped in a plate of water, and then wrapped in a damp cloth and kept at room temperature until small roots appear. This procedure significantly increases germination and yield.

Figure 2. Processing vegetable seeds before planting

Early and heat-loving crops are grown not only by sowing in open ground, but also by seedlings. This is the only opportunity to get a crop in regions with a harsh or unstable climate (for example, in Siberia). With the help of seedlings, you can get not only cucumbers, tomatoes or cabbage, but also beets, zucchini and corn.

Features of growing vegetables

Since each vegetable has its own growing technology, it is necessary to dwell in more detail on the main aspects of the cultivation of common crops in the open field.

Cabbage

Fertile soils with a slight damp slope and the ability to retain moisture are excellent for cabbage.

Note: Good beds for cabbage will be those where potatoes, cucumbers or onions used to grow.

It is possible to grow cabbage in a seedless way only in a warm climate. In other regions, an early cabbage harvest can only be obtained by pre-breeding seedlings (Figure 3). Seeds are planted at the end of winter in a container with a nutritious earth mixture. After the formation of several leaves, the seedlings are seated in separate containers.

Figure 3. Planting and growing cabbage

Note: If the threat of frost has not yet passed, the seedlings can be covered with foil, but when the temperature stabilizes, the shelter is removed.

Cabbage is very sensitive to watering. In the absence of natural precipitation, the soil is moistened every 3 days, and so that a crust does not form on the surface, additional loosening is carried out. Hilling will help retain moisture and prevent the growth of weeds. Also, cabbage can be fertilized by introducing mineral and organic top dressings (10 days after planting the seedlings and again a month later).

Roots

Note: Despite the resistance of root crops to temperature extremes, it is recommended to carry out pre-sowing treatment of seeds to accelerate their germination.

Figure 4. Growing carrots and beets in beds

When growing carrots and beets, you need to properly care for the plants. First of all, this concerns the loosening of row spacing and fertilizing. Loosening the soil is necessary to eliminate the crust that forms on the surface of the earth after watering or rain. In addition, it helps to eliminate weeds and saturate the roots of plants with moisture.

From the video you will learn how to grow carrots in the open field.

Pumpkin

The most common pumpkin crops in the gardens of our country are pumpkin, cucumbers, zucchini and squash. The main requirements for their cultivation are sufficient air, sunlight and water (Figure 5). At the same time, pumpkin is not too demanding on soil fertility; for them, its moisture content is much more important.

Figure 5. Growing pumpkins, cucumbers and zucchini

Even though cucumbers, zucchini, tomatoes and squash belong to the same class of plants, the requirements for growing them in garden beds are slightly different:

Grow pumpkin better in areas previously fertilized with humus or mullein. In order for the seeds to germinate faster, they are recommended to be sown in warm soil, and before the first shoots appear, cover with a film.
For squash the earth can be fertilized with minerals, but with proper care, the crop brings a good harvest without additional fertilizing. Squash can be grown as seedlings, but it is much easier to sow immediately in open ground, as the vegetable is highly resistant to frost.
Zucchini- quite unpretentious vegetables that do not require special conditions. But to get a rich harvest, it is recommended to fertilize the soil with organic and mineral additives and observe crop rotation. In addition, zucchini love well-lit areas and frequent watering. You can plant directly into the ground, but for regions with a harsh climate and short summers, the seedling method should be preferred.
Cucumbers and their cultivation in open ground e is also quite simple. To do this, it is enough to choose a well-lit area with drained soil. Vegetables are planted directly in the ground, and covered with foil to protect seedlings from frost. Such covering material also prevents the soil from drying out and stops the growth of weeds.

All cucurbits have one common requirement for cultivation: they are very sensitive to lack of moisture, so the beds should be watered regularly (every 3-4 days, provided there is no natural precipitation). Lack of water can lead to a decrease in yield and taste of vegetables.

Peppers and tomatoes

It is possible to grow peppers and tomatoes in open ground only with the help of seedlings, since these crops are heat-loving (Figure 6). The bed is placed in a place well lit and protected from the cold wind. In addition, it is necessary to fertilize the soil with organic and mineral top dressing in the fall.

Figure 6. Growing seedlings of peppers and tomatoes in the beds

Legumes

The most popular legumes are beans and corn. These are heat-loving plants, for which wind-protected and well-lit areas are selected (Figure 7).

When growing leguminous crops in open ground, it is necessary to strictly observe crop rotation and carry out pre-sowing seed treatment. This will help not only improve the quality and quantity of seedlings, but also strengthen seedlings during the development period.

Figure 7. Sowing and growing beans and corn

Potato

Figure 8. Growing potatoes in open ground

Medium sized tubers are suitable for planting. On the bed, longitudinal rows are made with holes at a distance of 30-40 cm from each other (Figure 8).

Note: Before planting, the tubers should release small "eyes", which indicate that the first shoots will soon appear.

Throughout the entire growing period, potatoes are weeded and spud several times to remove weeds. If necessary, make top dressing or use chemicals to combat diseases and pests. In general, growing potatoes in open ground is quite simple, and even novice gardeners can handle the cultivation of this vegetable.

From the video you will learn how to grow potatoes and care for them.

Greenery

The most popular greens for fresh consumption is leaf lettuce. It is a cold-resistant crop that grows well in any soil, but it is better to get a bountiful harvest on loose soils.

Note: To keep the lettuce leaves large and juicy, the beds need to be watered regularly.

Figure 9. Scheme of planting and growing greens in open ground

Regardless of the type of crop, vegetables require careful care. Key activities include (Figure 10):

Loosening - using this procedure, the upper crust that covers the ground after rain or watering is broken. Loosening helps to improve the penetration of air and moisture into the deep layers of the soil. In addition, it allows you to remove roots and young weeds.
Watering - Most vegetables and herbs require regular watering. But the amount and frequency of water application is different. For example, cucumbers and zucchini require more moisture for abundant fruiting, and excessive watering of tomatoes can provoke late blight.
Top dressing - the introduction of organic and mineral fertilizers at different stages of cultivation allows you to accelerate the growth of crops, make flowering more intense or improve fruit quality.
Hilling - in the process of hilling the bushes are sprinkled with dry earth or peat. This helps retain moisture and prevents weed growth.
Mulching- this is covering the space around the bushes with a layer of sawdust, straw or a special film. Using mulch helps retain moisture, slow down weed growth, and protect young seedlings from frost.

Figure 10. Vegetable care: loosening, watering, fertilizing and mulching

In addition, the growing process may require the use of specialty chemicals (herbicides and insecticides) to prevent disease and control pests.

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Sometimes I want to go out on the balcony, like Jamie Oliver, pick up my own grown vegetables and herbs and stir up something stunning from them. And the balcony, by the way, looks much prettier if there are not old pieces of iron that are stored there, which it’s time to send to a landfill, but fragrant herbs and vegetables.

website chose a few interesting plants, which take root well on the windowsill or on the balcony.

Pepper

On the windowsill you can grow a hot pepper for pizza diablo. It will need a warm, bright place and varieties suitable for home growing: "Carmen", "Flint", "Spark", "Ryabinushka", "Bride", "Indian Summer", etc.

The bushes are very pretty and do not require large pots. Up to 50 fruits can be tied on one plant. Optimum temperature- 25-27 degrees of heat.

Carrot

For growing carrots at home, it is better to take mini-varieties such as "Parmex", "Sophie", "Granddaughter". They grow in 80-90 days and do not require much space - a pot or container will suit them just fine. You can also take a funny round variety "Round Baby".

The soil for carrots should be light and well drained. Vegetables can be grown in pruned plastic bottles. The optimum temperature is within 13-24 degrees Celsius.

Mint

Mint is a non-capricious and undemanding plant. It can grow on your windowsill or balcony, even in winter, if you arrange additional lighting. It can be grown from cuttings and seeds. If it is possible to dig a stalk in the country at home or with friends, it is better to use this method. Mint grown from seeds is not as actively accepted, and it will take longer to wait for the harvest.

It is important to remember that the plant loves well-moistened soil. And, when choosing a place for it, keep in mind that the lighting should be good, but direct sun rays better to avoid. The optimum temperature for mint is 20-25 degrees with a plus sign.

green onion

To grow green onion at home, special dexterity is not required. But still, it is worth considering some nuances: the bulb that you will plant should be round, dense to the touch and without traces of rot, the root cup should be well formed.

Immediately after planting, it is worth putting the onion in a cool, dark place so that the root system is better formed, and only then the feather will need a lot of light. The optimum temperature is 18-20 degrees, you should not overheat, because then the growth of greenery will stop.

Basil

Any variety of basil grows well in flower pots and boxes. It is better for him to allocate a sunny place, water well, keep warm and provide good drainage. For planting, you can use both cuttings and seeds. At the same time, the cuttings will quickly give the first crop, but will not last long, as they will quickly bloom. Harvest from seeds will have to wait longer, but such a bush will last longer.

The optimum temperature for basil is 20-25 degrees Celsius. In winter, lighting is required for about 3-4 hours to increase daylight hours.

cucumbers

To grow cucumbers on the windowsill or on the balcony, you should take a closer look at hybrid varieties, which are marked with the F1 icon. If all conditions are created for the plant, it can produce 3-4 dozen fruits. Here you will have to tinker a little with seedlings, but after transplanting into boxes, you will only need to water and trim the antennae.

Planted plants in containers with a volume of at least 5 liters. It is important to remember that cucumbers are large watermelons and the earth must always be moist. The optimum temperature is 21-24 degrees Celsius.

Tomatoes

Dwarf varieties are usually chosen as homemade tomatoes: Minibel, Florida Petit, Balcony Miracle, etc. You will have to take the most illuminated place in the apartment to this miracle. It will be necessary to start with seedlings, then plant them in containers, tie them up, feed them and protect them from the cold. This is one of the most troublesome balcony crops, but pride in the work done and horticultural talent is attached to the harvest.

It is important to remember that tomatoes, like all plants, love water, but they are easy to pour. Therefore, watering should be done carefully. The optimum temperature is 23-25 degrees Celsius.

Sorrel

Sorrel, in addition to its wonderful taste, is distinguished by the fact that it calmly tolerates shaded places. It can be grown from the rhizomes of 2-4-year-old plants with buds or from seeds of varieties such as Maykopsky, Altaisky, Odessa broad-leaved.

It can grow at both 5 and 20 degrees Celsius and even withstands slight frosts. So you can keep it on the balcony until the last, and if the balcony keeps heat well, then do not clean it for the winter. The leaves are cut at a height of 8-10 cm, this must be done carefully so as not to damage the growth buds.

Ginger

Ginger is not only a delicious spice, but also a beautiful plant. If planted at home, sprouts can grow up to a meter in height. Planting the pieces ginger root consisting of at least a couple of sections with live kidneys. If the root is dry, you can hold it in warm water for several hours to wake up the kidneys.

Plant the root should not be very deep, and until the first shoots appear, water should be very moderate. Keep ginger in the light, but away from direct sunlight. The optimum temperature is 20-25 degrees Celsius.

Care growing vegetables. How to grow early vegetables. Site selection and soil preparation

Varieties of vegetables for growing in an apartment

Optimal timing for sowing seeds

Container size and soil

Choosing a place to grow

Watering and fertilizing plants

Plant Formation

Love for what you do

Site selection and soil preparation

Preparing seeds for planting

Features of growing vegetables

Cabbage

ornecrops

Pumpkin

Peppers and tomatoes

Legumes

Potato

Greenery

Growing vegetables outdoors

Preparing seeds for planting

Features of growing vegetables

Cabbage

Roots

Pumpkin

Peppers and tomatoes

Legumes

Potato

Greenery

Pepper

Carrot

Mint

green onion

Basil

cucumbers

Tomatoes

Sorrel

Ginger

A pineapple