Do-it-yourself manual wood splitter drawings. Handmade homemade wood splitter. Do-it-yourself wood splitter: drawings, photos, instructions. Products with electric drive

In our age modern technologies, electricity and other power sources, the mechanization of manual labor occurs everywhere. Even such a purely masculine job as chopping firewood has been improved, which means it has been made easier.

The traditional ax was replaced by wood splitters. This market segment is represented by a fairly large range of mechanical splitters.

What do you need to know about them in order to right choice and buy exactly what you need?

All wood splitting mechanisms are divided into:

Household wood splitters. As a rule, they only perform wood splitting.
Professional wood splitters. These are not only wood splitters, but also wood splitters that feed logs, trim them to a given length, then split and remove finished logs. Naturally, they are an order of magnitude more expensive, since their power, performance, size and functionality are incomparable with household mechanisms.

Types of wood splitters

According to the working direction (the location of the split log), they are made:

horizontal type . The log (sawn off part of the log) is placed on a horizontal chute. The splitting scheme is as follows: either the log moves (is advanced by the pusher towards the knife of the mechanism), and the knife is fixed in place, or vice versa - the block of wood lies in place, and the knife moves towards it.
Vertical type. Part of the log is placed vertically, and the knife moves and presses on it from above. Such mechanisms are more productive, but sometimes it is necessary to support the split log with your hands, which requires careful observance of safety precautions. But they more require less operational space. As a rule, this type of working direction is performed by professional wood splitters.
mixed type . It combines the capabilities of both horizontal and vertical automated processes. Used in the professional field.

Depending on the motor power supply:

1. Models with electric motors which drives the hydraulic pump. These are the simplest mechanisms for chopping firewood. They are easy to use, environmentally friendly - you can even use them indoors. They do not need specialized maintenance, they are simply and quickly prepared for work. It is these models that are used for domestic needs. They have only one drawback - they do not always have access to the power supply network.

2. Models with petrol (diesel) engines. They can be more powerful than motorized machines. Such machines are used not only by professional lumberjacks, but also by craftsmen in summer cottages.

3. Tractor-drawn wood splitters. It is connected to the tractor's hydraulic system, or to its power take-off shaft. These mechanisms are powerful and durable. Their use is forestry, farms, commercial enterprises.

4. With combined motors. The following combinations of wood splitter drive sources are produced:

Tractor drive and electric motor
Tractor drive and gasoline engine

Depending on the principle of operation, cleavers are divided into:

. With the help of a hydraulic pump, the knife presses on the log with great force, and splits it. The price of such a wood splitter, household mechanism, depending on the country of manufacture, ranges from 9500 rubles. up to 32,000 rubles, depending on the engine power and the working direction device.
. Instead of a knife, a threaded cone is used, which, rotating, is screwed into the log and splits it. Based on this principle of operation of the wood splitter, it is easiest to make a homemade wood splitter. There is practically nothing to break. The thread of the cone is enough to split 2000 m3 of birch firewood, which is impressive. The only negative is that a screw wood splitter requires a more powerful electric motor than a hydraulic one. The price of such a mechanism, depending on the type of engine, ranges from 17,500 rubles. up to 38000 rub.

Depending on the possibility of movement, wood splitters are divided into:

stationary mechanisms. As a rule, heavy wood splitters are used in this design.
Mobile mechanisms. The presence of special transport wheels makes it possible to move the machine to the required place without any difficulty.

Technical characteristics of wood splitters

1. Splitting power- this is an indicator of the effort with which the prepared logs will be split. In household wood cutters, the splitting power varies from 3 to 7 tons. In screw splitters, attention is paid to the speed of rotation of the nozzle. Its optimal value is 400 - 600 rpm.

2. Working length (distance between wedge and piston). It determines the length of logs that this woodcutter can work with. Usually, in household mechanisms, the length of the chocks is 50cm. In professional - 50/60/90/100cm, depending on the model.

With a screw wood cutter, the length of the log is determined by how easy or hard it will be to hold it in your hands while chopping. But who will make logs longer than the oven itself?

3. Diameter of the chock to be split in household mechanisms it is equal to 30 cm. A cone wood splitter will split a log stump of any diameter.

4. Stroke is the distance traveled by the piston in one operation. At the moment, household wood splitters began to be equipped with a piston stroke length limiter, which is very convenient when splitting short logs. This gives an almost double increase in productivity, and good energy savings.

5. Piston speed in household wood splitters:

Forward speed - up to 4 cm / sec.
Reverse speed - up to 7.5 cm / sec.

The time of sawing the chocks into logs depends on it.

6. Motor power in household woodcutters varies from 1500W to 2300W. It is clear that both the productivity of the machine and the power consumption depend on this characteristic. A screw cleaver for firewood requires a three-phase motor, with a power of 3000 - 4000 watts.

7. The dimensions of household wood splitters are small. They vary depending on the model and manufacturer, but are not fundamentally different.

8. Additional features:

At the moment, they began to produce household hydraulic mechanisms on which you can install a nozzle of 4 cutters, which also allows you to increase productivity - the block is pricked into four parts at once.
For convenience of work there is a possibility of a complete set with a special table that allows to increase working height of a woodcutter to the level of a belt.

How to make a wood splitter?

Wood splitters for a summer residence, a private house are an absolutely necessary thing. But not many people can, and even want to pay tens of thousands of rubles for this assistant. There is an absolutely inexpensive alternative to a factory-made wood splitter.

You can simply buy a threaded cone-nozzle or ready-made units, and assemble a wood splitter with your own hands. It can be seen from the diagram that the wood splitter-screw consists of a frame on which the engine is fixed. Further, the working cone sits on a shaft, which is driven by the engine through a reduction gear.

We must remember that:

The nozzle must not be connected directly to the engine. This is dangerous, because the engine speed reaches 3000 rpm.
The nozzle rotation speed should not be less than 250-300 rpm. At a lower speed, a very low productivity of the cleaver is obtained.
A chain or belt drive (it transmits rotation from the motor gearbox to the working cone) must be in a protective casing.
The electrical part of the wood splitter should be handled by a specialist.

The price of the bearing assembly (the upper part for a home-made wood splitter mechanism) as an assembly ranges from 4200 rubles. up to 5600 rubles, depending on the diameter of the working cone.

A wood splitter (it is also called a wood harvesting machine) is a mechanism by which large chocks are trimmed and mechanically split into small logs that are convenient to use in everyday life.

The advantages of such a product are obvious:

it is an excellent replacement for heavy mechanical labor for chopping firewood;
the device lasts a very long time;
the mechanism is simply arranged - it does not have complex elements, which makes it easy to maintain;
the mechanism is mobile - it can be transported to different places.

Varieties of wood splitters

Wood splitters differ from each other in several ways. Depending on the work performed, 2 large classes of installations are distinguished:

wood splitter (also often called a cleaver) - with its help you can only split large chocks into small logs; these mechanisms are mainly used at home;
a wood splitter, which, along with the function of splitting chocks, is capable of trimming blanks; more commonly used in industrial production.

According to the scope of application, wood splitters are distinguished:

household (it is these wood splitters that are easiest to make with your own hands);
industrial.

Mechanisms can work through different type energies, according to which they distinguish:

According to the features of feeding the workpiece, there are wood splitters:

Depending on whether the device can be moved, there are:

mobile wood splitters (designed for small production volumes, as well as for domestic tasks);
stationary (used on an industrial scale).

Finally, according to the principle of operation of the mechanism, there are:

Specifications

Wood splitters made by hand or at the factory, as mechanisms, have their own parameters that characterize their production capabilities:

Splitting power is measured in revolutions per minute; in industrial devices, 500-700 or more rpm is achieved.
The speed of the piston is measured in centimeters per second (5-8 cm/sec).
The speed of the reverse movement of the piston (usually no more than 7-8 cm / sec).
Engine power on electric drive (1500-2000 W and higher is achieved as a standard).
Working length - usually from half a meter to a meter.
Additional features - wood splitters are often equipped with a 4-cutter nozzle, due to which the productivity of the installation increases dramatically. Also, some models are equipped with a mechanism for raising the table, which allows you to adjust the optimal height of the working surface.

At home, it is quite possible to make both the simplest conical and hydraulic wood splitters with your own hands.

Benefits of home installation

Such installations, as a rule, are inferior to factory devices in terms of power and appearance. However, for small volumes of home production, they are the best fit. The advantages of home mechanisms are as follows:

they are much cheaper than professional machines;
it is easy to assemble them from the most common materials;
since the assembly is done independently, you can take into account all the features of the mechanism that you need, according to your needs;
assembling such a product by hand, you will gain valuable experience that can be useful in other business affairs.

mechanism requirements

Basically, any wood splitters (both handmade and factory-made) must meet a set of minimum requirements:

Engine power not less than 2 kW
All stationary and moving elements are made of solid steel.
The minimum distance from the floor to the cone is 80-90 cm.
IN living conditions the number of revolutions per minute is sufficient 400-500.
Dimensions are selected approximately, in the standard version they are approximately equal to 85 * 40 * 65 cm (length, width and height, respectively).

Making a screw wood splitter: step by step instructions and video

The simplest version of a wood splitter that you can do yourself is a screw one.

The device can easily split chocks of almost any diameter, which is clearly shown in the video.

To make it, you need a minimum of tools and materials:

steel frame (the base to which all elements of the installation will be attached);
engine, the power of which is selected according to individual needs;
reduction gear;
threaded nozzle cone (its drawing is presented below)

A schematic drawing of the device is shown below.

The sequence of actions will be as follows:

Video review, which describes in detail the purpose of the part

NOTE. It is very important to choose the size of the drill and the optimal value of the angle of inclination of the cone. It is these factors that determine the size of the log - small cones may not be able to cope with some of them. An indicative table is shown below.

How to work with a screw splitter

Before you start working with the device, you need to run it at idle to make sure that all elements work without failures and the engine gains the necessary power.

When working with a screw wood splitter, you need to follow a few simple rules:

Chock is brought to the mechanism in a vertical position.
The height of the working surface of the table must first be adjusted to the desired level. If necessary, a board is placed.
Chock is brought in a state pressed to the surface (it is wrong to work on weight).
If the chock is large, then the bark can prevent the split - it can be chopped off beforehand (this is especially true for birch bark).
If there are knots in the chock, it has an uneven internal structure, it is better to start splitting from the place where the inner layers of the tree are simpler.

NOTE. If the drill firmly stuck into the surface of the tree, but the split did not occur, you must immediately turn off the device. The cone is removed manually or by turning in reverse side using a gas key (the installation is disassembled beforehand). Such cases are rare and are associated mainly with knotty trees. It is better to help with a manual split, and then process the chock again on a wood splitter.

DIY hydraulic wood splitter: step by step instructions and video

Unlike a screw splitter, a hydraulic wood splitter operates in a fully automatic mode, and the task of a person is only to monitor the progress of the operation and correct the chocks in time, if necessary.

In this case, the chock moves not due to human strength, but by a hydraulic mechanism. It can be connected to the tractor's power plant or to another power source.

Video: do-it-yourself assembly technology for a hydraulic wood splitter mounted with a tractor.

A hydraulic wood splitter has more power, respectively, and is more difficult to manufacture than a cone splitter.

THIS IS INTERESTING. Using such a device of standard power, you can split about 7-10 chocks per minute (respectively, up to 60 per hour). You can compare this with the pace of manual production to feel the difference in time and effort expended.

The drawing of the device is shown below.

You will need the following mechanisms:

hydraulic pump;
sleeves;
mechanism engine (hydraulic pump drive) - can be either electric or gasoline powered;
hydraulic tank, hydraulic distributor.

Schematic diagram - in the figure.

The performance of the entire system directly depends on the power of the drive - it is this parameter that should be oriented at the design stage of the mechanism.

In the very simple version the sequence of actions will be as follows:

The hydraulic jack is rigidly fixed on the frame.
A wedge-shaped blade is installed from the opposite end of the bed, which will help to successfully split even large chocks and chocks with a complex internal structure (multi-layered, knotty).
The jack is connected to the engine - electric, gasoline or tractor traction.

The principle of operation of the device is that the press presses on the chock, shifts it to the blade in the form of a wedge, and due to further mechanical pressure, it splits against the wedge. In order for the jack to return to its original position, it is equipped with conventional springs. As a result, the whole process is fully automatic.

Features of the work of a do-it-yourself gasoline-powered wood splitter:

Professional wood splitters: champion lsh 5000 review

Along with the fact that it is quite possible to make a wood splitter with your own hands, you can also purchase a factory model. Products are usually characterized by greater power, durability and performance.

Consider the features of operation and technical specifications device on the example of a champion lsh 5000 wood splitter operating on an electric motor.

Specifications

The wood splitter belongs to hydraulic mechanisms operating on electric traction with an engine power of 2700 W. Its main characteristics are as follows:

Chock dimensions: in diameter from 50 to 250 mm, in length up to 520 mm.
Product dimensions 950 * 280 * 520 cm (length, width, height, respectively).
Product weight 43 kg.
The volume of oil is 3.5 liters.
Pressure in the hydraulic system (average) 20 MPa.

Device diagram

The constituent elements of the structure are shown in the diagram.

The numbers indicate:

A lever that controls the hydraulic drive.
protective surface.
Pusher.
The plate that guides the movement of the tree.
Device for splitting chocks.
Transport handle.
Support elements.
Electric traction engine.
Lever to turn off.
Block with control elements.
Wheel.

The side view shows a bolt that can be used to control the oil level in the system (1) and a screw that provides air supply to the hydraulic system (2).

Terms of Use

The log splitter is used under the following environmental conditions:

temperature regime from +5 to +40оС;
1 load cycle lasts within 10 minutes;
the maximum operating time under constant load conditions is 4 minutes, after which a break is made for 5-6 minutes.

It is better not to use the wood splitter in extreme weather conditions (hard frosts), as well as in places with constantly high humidity.
To take into account electrical safety, grounding is done using:

metal pipe (diameter from 50 mm, length from 1600 mm);
a metal rod with a minimum diameter of 20 mm, a minimum length of 1600 mm;
sheet of iron coated with zinc, with dimensions from 900 * 400 mm.

NOTE. It is not allowed to use residues from pipelines containing flammable liquids (oil, gasoline, etc.) as ground electrodes.

Preparing the wood splitter for work

Before switching on for the first time, make sure that the protection plate is correctly installed and mounted securely. Next, you need to prepare the wood splitter for work:

First you need to inspect all the elements of the equipment to make sure that there are no bolts, nuts and other foreign elements.
If defective parts are found, it is better to replace them.
The mechanism is installed on a flat surface approximately 50-70 cm high from the floor. The place to work should be wide enough.
Make sure that the wood splitter stands securely and does not swing; if necessary, ensure its stable position with improvised means.
Before starting work, you need to slightly loosen the position of the air plug (screw) so that air can enter the oil tank. At the end of the work, the screw, respectively, is tightened back.
Before starting work (especially after a long break), you need to make sure that the device is functioning properly - for this, you need to idle it for 1 minute. If there are no extraneous sounds and noises, you can get to work.

Features of working on a wood splitter

While working, you need to follow a few rules:

NOTE. Knocking out a stuck chock with a hammer, ax, crowbar and other similar items is quite risky - such actions can lead not only to damage to the working surface of the device, but also to its accidental start. In this case, the wood splitter may fail, and it will not be possible to fix such a breakdown with your own hands.

Change of oil

Along with periodic inspections and replacements of failed elements of the mechanism Maintenance wood splitter is to change the oil in a timely manner. You need to do this in this order:

NOTE. During operation, it is important to regularly check at what level the oil is. The reference position is between two grooves on the bolt surface.

Possible malfunctions

type of problem	alleged causes	remedial action
wood does not split	incorrect position of the chock	the chock must be laid flat on the work surface
	the chock exceeds the allowable dimensions	you need to take a log of other sizes or reduce the chock
	cleaver blade worn out	sharpen the blade
the pushing element does not move evenly, but jerkily, extraneous noises are heard	insufficient hydraulic oil	check the level and add until the oil reaches the line between the grooves of the control bolt
	air has accumulated in the hydraulics	bleed air from the system
the engine runs normally, but the cleaver does not move	valve does not open	check. how does the valve work
the engine runs normally, but the cleaver does not move	levers are deformed	give them the correct shape or replace them with new ones

You can clearly see how to work on this wood splitter model with your own hands:

For the owner of a country or private house, an indispensable tool is a cleaver. It can be mechanical or manual. You can buy a similar device in a store, but mechanical devices are expensive, so not everyone can afford it, although they can greatly facilitate the process of harvesting firewood.

Before making such an expensive purchase, you need to think that such designs are not difficult, so you can make them yourself. But first, decide whether the cleaver will be mechanical, or it is better to supplement it with an engine. In the latter case, you will have to look for spare parts somewhere, as well as use the services of a turner. Well, if you have such skills yourself.

Varieties of devices for chopping wood: an ax with a displaced center

On sale today you can find an ax-cleaver with a displaced center. For the Vipukirves Leveraxe model, you will have to pay 16,000 rubles. With the help of the tool in a short time it will be possible to chop a large amount of firewood. This is possible thanks to the curved foot located at the top of the blade. It clings to the remaining elements of the log and forms a lever. As a result, the tool does not slip after impact, and the legs remain safe. The design at the same time assumes a free grip of the ax.

The hatchet is made of Finnish birch, which is able to absorb shock. In winter, the handle will not freeze, it will not slip in your hands even in rainy weather. Due to the fact that the design of such an ax is unique, the blade does not get stuck in the wood, because the displaced center of gravity instantly takes the ax to one side, so a section of the log breaks off with one blow. Blade thickness is 8 cm and weight is 3 kg. The material used is steel, and when folded, the dimensions of the tool are 91 x 23 x 9 cm.

Things to Consider Before Manufacturing

Before performing a cleaver, it is important to think about the fact that they will have to swing not a few, but a lot of times. It follows from this that the weight of the instrument must be appropriate to the physical form of the person. For example, on sale you can find cleavers, the weight of which varies from 2 to 5 kg. However, using a light tool, it will be possible to split only small logs, so the size of the firewood must also be taken into account.

The handle of the tool, which is called an ax handle, should be made of wood like elm or maple, in extreme cases it can be birch. After all, inaccurate and strong blows will render the tool unusable. It is also important to consider the length of the ax - it should not be too short. If you decide to make a cleaver with your own hands, then it will be more convenient to have two tools. One of them should be a powerful ax with a long handle, while the other is a wedge-shaped classic cleaver. The latter is suitable for fresh chopped wood with high moisture, while the other will cope with dry logs. Different types of wood will behave differently. And if you have two cleavers on hand, you can find an approach to them.

Before you make a cleaver with your own hands, you should choose a suitable design. Homemade tools are hydraulic or screw, the latter are also called conical. The most common are homemade screw or factory options. The main part is a cone with a large thread, which is driven by an electric motor. The master will only need to move the deck to the cone, as the latter will begin to screw into it.

The conical wood splitter has a corresponding shape, from which the wood splits into 2 parts. If we are talking about hydraulic cleavers, then they will have a higher performance compared to the above, but it is more difficult to make them. The principle of operation will remain the same as that of Wood will be pressed through a special form that splits the element into logs the right sizes. The mechanisms of the machine are a hydraulic drive that operates from a gasoline or electric engine. A cone wood splitter will be more convenient when compared to a conventional ax. Making such tools is simple, but on sale you can find ready-made kits for assembling such devices.

Making a screw cleaver

If you are thinking about how to do it, then first you need to prepare the following materials and details:

electric motor;
pulleys;
drive belt;
sheet metal:
engine mounting plate;
shaft with bearings;
working cone;
profile pipes;
metal corners.

When choosing an electric motor, you need to pay attention to the one that has a power of 2 kW. The sheet metal must be 3 mm thick.

Homemade can be made much easier if you can find a low-speed powerful electric motor that will be capable of delivering 500 revolutions per minute. In this case, it is not required, and the cone can be put on its shaft.

The number of engine revolutions, in principle, can be any, but it is necessary to calculate the belt drive pulleys in such a way that the speed is 500 revolutions per minute. On the market, you can buy a ready-made shaft with bearings for an electric cleaver, but pulleys and a threaded cone can be made by contacting a turner.

Work methodology

If you decide to make a cleaver with your own hands, then carbon steel will act as the material for the cone, it is better to use the St45 brand. When preparing a thread, it must be borne in mind that it must consist of two runs. The pitch is 7 mm, while the height of the turns is 2 mm.

Pulleys can be machined from ordinary St3 grade steel, and the dimensions of the grooves will depend on the selected belt. Specialists use a chain instead of a belt drive. This is more reliable, but more difficult in the manufacturing process. It is important to choose the stars in size, which is not very convenient. In order to assemble the cleaver with your own hands, you need to weld the bed by installing a plate for mounting the motor under the tabletop. A shaft with bearings should be located on it. A pulley and a cone are fixed on it. Next, the master has to put on and pull the belt. Connecting the motor to the network is carried out in the next step, then you can proceed to the tests.

Making a hydraulic splitter

The hydraulic cleaver has a design that differs from the previous one. The drive and the working part, which is used to split the material, act as a feature. The bed has a different shape, although it is welded from corners, pipes and sheet metal. The press cleaver works due to the pressure in it provided by the oil pump. It is necessary to install this element on the same shaft with an electric motor, while the assembly can be located separately from the bed, but it must be connected to the cylinder using hoses.

The nuances of the work

If you decide to make a hydraulic splitter, then first you need to find all the details and take care of making the mold. It is made of metal, and the base will be a cruciform shape. Its dimensions can be chosen from individually, because there are no clear restrictions. The main condition in this case is that the power of the cylinder is sufficient to split firewood when their dimensions are too large.

The form must be fixed on the frame, its transverse axis must coincide with the shaft of the hydraulic cylinder. It is installed along the frame and connected to the pump, while the nozzles should be used. Such a mechanical cleaver can be mobile; for this, the wheels should be strengthened to the frame.

Harvesting firewood requires considerable effort: they need to be sawn, chopped, folded in to dry. Most of the energy goes into chopping wood. A wood splitter can facilitate and speed up the process. They are presented in sufficient quantities, but they cost solid money. At the same time, you can make the simplest wood splitter with your own hands from scrap metal - pipes, corners, etc. Everything will require literally several thousand - if there is no metal, it will have to be bought.

Mechanical wood splitters

If the volumes of firewood harvesting are small, a mechanical wood splitter can easily handle them. They are distinguished by their simplicity of design, the minimum number of complex nodes, and the fact that the costs are minimal, even if there are no suitable pieces of iron on the farm.

Do-it-yourself simple wood splitter: mechanics

The simplest mechanical wood splitter resembles a well crane. The design is one to one, only instead of a bucket a cutter and handles are fixed. The connection of the rack (racks) and the crossbar can be made the simplest - articulated. All you need is a good lubricant.

The principle of operation, probably everyone understands. The block of wood is placed on a stand, the lever is sharply pulled down, due to the force of inertia, the cutter gains significant strength and splits the block of wood. The process is repeated until logs of the required thickness are obtained.

It is easy to assemble such a mechanical wood splitter with your own hands, and, literally, from what is - pipes, a corner of any size, even an ax can be used as a cutter. In addition, such a design can be made collapsible - so that it can be carried.

There are many cons. Chopping firewood requires a lot of effort. Moreover, more effort is applied to stop the course of the cleaver after the log has fallen apart. The second minus is that such a wood splitter occupies a solid area, because the longer the lever, the less effort must be applied. However, even such a primitive mechanical device greatly reduces the complexity of the process.

One of the options - the cleaver is welded to a square pipe filled with concrete

In this design, the cleaver must be heavy. Therefore, the blade itself is welded to an all-metal blank. A more affordable option is to weld it to a pipe (round or square) and fill it with concrete. Agree, to make such a wood splitter with your own hands is within the power of anyone who knows how to handle

Spring splitter

There is a modified design of a manual mechanical wood splitter, which, with smaller sizes, splits firewood better, requires less effort. In this model, the main working unit is a spring, which is fixed on the frame, and its upper part rests against the stationary crossbar, on which the cleaver is fixed.

In this design, the main force - to hold the cleaver after the log has split - is assumed by the spring. Accordingly, the main thing is to choose a spring and an emphasis so that minimal efforts are applied, but they are sufficient to split even complex, knotty logs. The stop under the spring can be made movable. Then you can adjust the parameters for specific conditions. In reality, "reconfiguration" is required for a specific person. If one person will work with the tool, then you can do everything stationary, choosing the height empirically.

It is equally important to make a movable articulation of the frame and the lever on which the cleaver is fixed. The best option- bearings. They must be of high quality, preferably self-levelling.

The minimum height of a homemade wood splitter is about 800 mm. But then you either have to work bending over, or install the machine on a table / bed. A more comfortable option that requires minimal effort - made to fit your height. Determine at what height it is convenient for you to stand a log, add the height of the log itself to this figure, you get the height of the bed. In this case, you will also have to bend over, but only when you install the chock on the stand, and not every time the cleaver is lowered.

You can work with one hand or come up with a clamp for installing logs (more safe)

To add mobility designs, a frame is welded, on one side of which wheels are fixed, and stops are welded on the second. Making such a wood splitter with your own hands is somewhat more difficult, but if there is a spring and bearings, this is such a difficult task.

Wood splitter inertial vertical

Another easy option for self-manufacturing. To make such a wood splitter with your own hands, you need two pipes of a larger and smaller diameter. You will also need a heavy plate - the base, and, in fact, the piercing part - the cutter / splitter.

The design is one of the simplest, little effort is required. A thick-walled pipe is fixed on a massive platform, or better, a pin. Height - about a meter. This is the lead pipe. A cleaver moves freely along it, which is welded to the rings of a pipe of a slightly larger diameter than the leading pipe. He splits firewood as follows: lift up the cleaver and release it. You can give a little acceleration down. Due to the force of gravity, the log splits.

A heavy cleaver is the key to success in this model

But this mechanical wood splitter does not immediately split all logs. To increase its effectiveness, a weighting agent can be made on the cleaver. It can be "added" as needed. The second option is to hit the column with a hammer a couple of times. This method is good if the cutter is stuck in the wood. An alternative is to lift the block together up and down sharply. But it's easier to swing a hammer.

Wood splitters with electric drive

A manual wood splitter, of course, facilitates the preparation of firewood, but it still requires solid physical effort. Not as much as they are spent waving an ordinary cleaver, but still ... An electric motor helps to make efforts even smaller. Based on it, wood splitters are made various designs. But making such a wood splitter with your own hands is more difficult. Here the device is more complex, and at least minimal knowledge of electricians is required, preferably.

Screw (conical)

One of the most common models is a cone or screw wood splitter. The difference between them is only in the absence / presence of a thread on the piercing element, which in this model is made in the form of a cone.

Blocks of wood split due to the fact that the cone rotated by the motor crashes into the wood, gradually tearing it apart. In large logs, the edges are first chipped off, then the middle is torn.

Cone and Thread Options

First, the cutting part was turned into a smooth cone. If you use a smooth cone, when working, you have to lean quite heavily on the block of wood so that the cylinder "bites" into the wood. The process is much easier if a thread is cut on its surface. In this case, the log is, as it were, screwed onto the screw, and then splits.

The main thing is to correctly make a cone with a thread. If you have a lathe and work experience, you can try to do it yourself. If not, you will have to order. The thread is made different, but the following parameters are recognized as optimal: pitch 7 mm, depth 3 mm (minimum - 2 mm). More important point- the depth of the seat on the motor gearbox - at least 70 mm.

If there is a cone with threaded threads, making this wood splitter with your own hands will not be difficult.

Electric motor and gearbox

We need an electric motor powerful enough (2 kW and above or 5-9 l / s), but with a low speed: 250-600 rpm. At 250 revolutions and below, it punctures very slowly, and if the revolutions are more than 500, it is dangerous to work, as it can tear the log out of your hands.

If you managed to find an engine with such parameters, you can put the spike (screw) made directly on the crankshaft (pictured above). If there are more revolutions, it is necessary to install a reduction gear or make a chain or belt drive to reduce the speed.

The ratio is calculated depending on the engine speed. For example, there is a 900 rpm engine. Having made a 1:2 gearbox, we get 450 rpm. Just the best option.

Gears can be belt or chain. Chains work many times louder, require constant strokes, and it usually costs more to grind sprockets with the required parameters. The belt drive is desirable double (as in the photo above). In this case, there will be less slippage.

Chain drive is noisier but more reliable "Extension" for propeller - to keep workspace away from motor or belts/chains

Where to place the motor

If the design provides for a gear, it is better to put the motor at the bottom, and fix the screw itself on the work surface. Choose the height of the work surface according to your height so that you do not have to work on an incline.

More secure model. To make such a wood splitter with your own hands is to make your life much easier

There is also such a parameter as the height of the screw above the work surface. The gap from the table to the cylinder should be in the region of 8-20 cm. You should not place it higher - it can turn blocks of small diameter. The optimal distance is 8-12 cm. Even small logs do not turn.

Hydraulic wood splitter

The hydraulic wood splitter is the most powerful, but also the most complex and expensive to manufacture. In addition to the bed, motor and cutting blades, you need a hydraulic cylinder with sufficient power. They are not cheap. In addition, an oil tank and a pump are also needed.

The hydraulic splitter for firewood develops solid efforts, therefore, in its manufacture, metal of considerable thickness is used - 6-10 mm, depending on the drive power. The developed effort is quite enough to break up the chock into 6-8 logs at a time. Because knives are made in the form of an "asterisk".

In the manufacture of knives, they are separated from each other by several centimeters. So that there is only one in operation. For example, first - horizontal, then - vertical, then - right and at the end - left. At the same time, reinforce each of the knives by welding reinforcing plates on the back. Steel is desirable to use hard, after sharpening it according to the same principle as on cleavers.

Do-it-yourself electric wood splitter. Video

From the video clip you can see how you can easily chop wood without an ax. This is done with the help of a cone, which is screwed into the log and splits it. The simplest model of such an electric cleaver is quite simple to make with your own hands.

It is more difficult to make a cone in such a device. It, according to the drawing, which can be found on the Internet, must be machined on a lathe. In addition, a left-hand thrust thread must be cut on the cone.

With absence lathe Can use a metal grinder by putting it on the pulley of the electric motor. After the grinder begins to rotate freely, metal should be removed equally from all sides.

In addition to the cone, for the design you will also need:

drive shaft block;
Electrical engine;
metal sheets and corners.

Having made a cone with your own hands, you can start assembling the structure:

The cone splitter is ready. During its manufacture, consider some recommendations:

chain or belt drive must be equipped with a protective cover;
for greater design performance, the nozzle must rotate at a speed of 250 rpm;
it is impossible to connect the nozzle to the engine directly, as it is dangerous due to the large number of revolutions;
It is better to entrust all work related to electricity to a specialist.

In addition, do not forget that when working with an electric wood splitter, safety precautions should be observed. Injury can be guaranteed even with one wrong move.

With mechanical, hydraulic or electric cleaver You don't have to worry about storing firewood for the winter. With his help, this will be done quite easily. And if you also construct a device for chopping wood with your own hands, then in family budget you can save a lot of money.

For some, chopping wood is an old Russian pastime. And in many regions of vast Russia, this is a way to survive and not freeze in winter. Yes, and in more civilized regions, in the country there are stoves and fireplaces. Buying ready-made firewood saves time, but not money.

To facilitate this troublesome task, the Russian "left-handers" began to make a wood splitter with their own hands. Such devices are also sold in stores, but 90% of people in rural areas with stove heating use makeshift gadgets.

Types of devices for splitting logs

The principle of operation - the pusher, driven by a hydraulic drive, delivers a log to the wedge system. It needs a compressor to work. It can be electric or assembled on internal combustion. The design is efficient and quite reliable, since there are few mechanical parts. Only the hydraulics themselves need maintenance.

It is quite problematic to make it yourself, unless you can get a hydraulic drive from decommissioned agricultural machinery.

In the video, an example of the work of a homemade wood splitter. As you can see from the video, there is nothing super complicated in its design. The main hydraulic cylinder from the auger of the combine harvester has a stroke of 50 cm.

The pusher is driven by a gear-rack pair, the mechanism is clear from the illustration. The drive can be electric or petrol. The torque from the motor shaft with the help of a gearbox is multiplied many times.

With the help of a lever, the gear rack is pressed against the rotating traction gear, feeding the pusher onto the log. Then the spring returns the mechanism to its original position. Such a wood splitter is not as powerful as a hydraulic one.

However, it is quite suitable for home use. The cost of the device is quite democratic. The disadvantage is that the working gear wears out quickly and the pair needs to be replaced.
Such a device can be made by hand.

This video clip shows a homemade rack-and-pinion wood splitter with a belt drive. Nothing fancy, simple and efficient design, performance, which is higher than that of a hydraulic wood splitter.

Screw (conical) wood splitter

The most popular design of this device. Available in various sizes and price ranges. The principle of action is simple - the log is fed to a rotating cone, made in the form of an Archimedean gimlet.

The cone is screwed into the workpiece, and, thanks to the wedge-shaped shape, splits it. The simplicity of the design allows you to make such devices yourself.

IMPORTANT! The speed of rotation of the shaft with a gimlet should not exceed 500 rpm. Otherwise, the device becomes dangerous.

Many do-it-yourselfers neglect the gearbox, and put the cone directly on the motor shaft. In this design, you have to add a device to hold the log, or put it vertically.

It is better to make the gearbox geared, since the force on the axis is large, and the pulley can slip. Therefore, in the belt drive, double amplification is made.

How to make a wood splitter with your own hands, and which design is more practical

It has simple design, therefore, we simply give the drawings, and consider the structural elements:

The engine must be firmly fixed, since the force on the shaft is serious, especially when wedging the cone;
The gearbox is made at the rate of 200-300 rpm;
The cone gimlet shaft is mounted on powerful bearings;
It is desirable to install an additional wedge under the gimlet. He will help in splitting, and fix the log from turning.

Making a rack wood splitter with your own hands is much more difficult. However, this design allows you to work with more complex and large wooden blanks. In addition, the quality of cutting logs is higher.

The bed is welded from a channel with a thickness of at least 4 mm. Particular attention to the fastening of the splitting wedge. The main force is applied to it, so it makes sense to weld it permanently. To sharpen the cutting plane, you can use the "grinder" with an emery wheel.

The knife itself is made from the remains of agricultural machinery using the same angle grinder.

A pair of rack and pinion used from a broken steering gear of some decommissioned truck. Several teeth are worn off, so with a lot of effort, the rack sometimes slips. The eccentric lever mechanism is welded from 3 mm steel sheet.

Electric motor from ventilation system Soviet production, 2 kW. A set of pulleys, together with a belt, was taken from a rusting harvester from the time of raising virgin soil.

The pusher simply slides along the channel. No lubricant is used as it will immediately become clogged with sawdust.

Return springs can be taken from anything, for example, those that were previously used as door closers.

The cost of such a design tends to zero, especially if you use components from old trash or decommissioned equipment.

Video how to make a screw wood splitter with your own hands

Part one

The process of making the working part of a screw wood splitter with your own hands from scrap metal.
From this video you will learn all the dimensions of the shaft taken from the hydraulic cylinder. Dimensions of auxiliary bushings and flanges, as well as how to save on the manufacture of keyed connections. How to make a pulley, a bearing housing and the main working part - a “carrot” yourself.

Part two

From the second part of this video, you will understand how to make a frame for a wood splitter with your own hands, how to fix the working part on the frame. You will learn the manufacturing features and dimensions of the base for the wood splitter, as well as the engine power and the method of transmitting torque.

Winter is coming, which means that you need to start thinking about firewood now. Let's leave the option of manual labor in the last century and turn our eyes towards the hydraulic (and not only!) Wood splitter. This device will be a great help if you need to chop a dozen cubes of firewood. Also consider 4 circuit diagrams homemade wood splitters.

Briefly about the device of the wood splitter and the principle of its operation

The main elements of a standard hydraulic wood splitter are a frame with a knife fixed to it, a hydraulic piston and a drive. The knife plays the role of the tip of the very cleaver, which has to be brandished in the absence of the equipment considered here. The necessary force is created by the operation of the engine in conjunction with the hydraulic piston, which pushes the workpiece onto the knife. Everything is quite prosaic and looks something like the video below.

The vast majority of factory products work on this principle. When studying the information, you may surely catch the eye of the so-called screw (cone, carrot, etc. names) cleavers. They have become very popular thanks to simple device and DIY opportunities. We will talk in detail about the design features of such wood splitters in the last part of the article.

How to choose a hydraulic wood splitter

The main characteristics of modern wood splitters and their description are presented in a small table below.

Selection criterion	Varieties and capabilities of devices
Construction type	The most popular devices are hydraulic wood splitters, the force in which is created by a motor and a hydraulic piston, due to which the workpiece is pressed against the knife. A screw splitter (carrot wood splitter) is another common solution due to the fact that you can do it yourself. The axis of the drive rotates the screw cone, which, when the workpiece is fed, is literally screwed into it and breaks the layers of wood. The rack splitter is simple to use, but quite dangerous to use. In such a cleaver, the workpiece is pushed due to the force transmitted to the rack from a rotating gear. If all of the above options are equipped with a drive, then an inertial or spring wood splitter already requires some use of manual force. With a large shoulder and spring, it modernizes the approach to traditional tuning.
Drive unit	Devices based on electric motors (220 V / 380 V) and gasoline engines are used. The choice is determined solely by the convenience and working conditions.
Maximum splitting force	Determines the magnitude of the force of the piston pressure on the workpiece - typical for hydraulic and rack wood splitters. In private, it is enough to use models with a force of 4 to 6 tons. More powerful models are suitable for working with long logs and on an industrial scale.
Working position	Determines the position of the axis of the workpiece when working. There are cleavers with a horizontal, vertical and combined position. The first option is the most common when used privately and is used in most hydraulic and rack structures due to convenience and safety.
Log sizes	The length of logs when using hydraulic wood splitters is limited by the piston stroke and the maximum splitting force. Usually this value is limited to 0.52 m. The thickness of the blanks can vary from 0.25 to 0.5 m, depending on the model of the cleaver. In slatted solutions, the length of the log is determined by the dimensions of the slat and, again, by the force generated. The use of screw wood splitters allows the use of chocks of a larger diameter - up to 0.7 m, but this increases the complexity of the work.
Options	Height adjustment. This option has a positive effect on the convenience of work, but at the same time increases the cost of the product, its absence can be compensated for with a homemade stand. Availability of wheels, preferably large. Provides ease of transport. Safety system, usually a double-lever type, in which the operator must simultaneously use two hands on the console - is an integral part of all modern factory products.

Of course, the speed of his work can also be considered as a parameter when choosing an assistant in the wood splitting business, but it is believed that even the minimum values \u200b\u200bare more than enough.

About homemade

When getting acquainted with factory products, some might have a completely logical thought: “Why not save money and do something similar on your own?”. In the presence of right hands and a bright head everything is possible. We invite you to familiarize yourself with the most interesting schemes wood splitters that are really do-it-yourself.

It is an evolutionary step in the development of classic cleavers. The use of a spring wood splitter requires the use of muscular strength, but to a lesser extent due to the spring mechanism, large arm and additional weight. On the diagram, it looks like this.

The design of such a homemade product includes metal pipe or profile (this will be our shoulder, increasing the gain in strength, with a blade at the end), a metal support and a swivel between them. Spring type return mechanism, you can use an old shock absorber. In the video below, an example of working with such a mechanism.

"Carrot"

A mechanism with such a simple name also does not require the use of high-tech parts. To make it, you need a drive, a simple gearbox with a belt drive, a pair of bearings, a shaft, a threaded cone and a frame table. A drive with a power of more than 2 kW, at least from the old washing machine not a problem to find. Paradoxically, but difficult part system is a cone. It must either be bought ready-made, or ordered by an experienced familiar milling machine. The scheme of the screw cleaver is shown in the figure below.

The splitting of the chocks is carried out by screwing in the cone, due to which the wood fibers are literally torn. The main thing is not to earn money by feeding logs - this is a rather unsafe design, and a carrot can just as well screw up the sleeve of your clothes. How it works is in the next video.

Rack construction

For all its effectiveness, the rack splitter is a controversial decision. And first of all it concerns safety. It is necessary to carefully calculate the speed of rotation of the gear, the force from which is transmitted to the rack. As a rule, splitting with such a wood splitter is carried out very quickly. By pressing the rack against the gear by pressing the handle, the operator sets it in motion. Releasing the handle, contact with the gear is reduced due to the spring, the return mechanism is activated and the rack returns to its original position. The rail must be placed on the carriage, which will move along the bed. Actually, it is necessary to fix the pusher plate on it. Schematically, it looks like this.

It turns out that maximum attention should be paid to the frame, i. its stability, as well as the quality of the rail - it will not work to carve one without special skills. Otherwise, at least some experience in welding and the use of electric drives will help. The end result may look like this craftsman from the video.

Hydraulic splitter

In our opinion, this is the most technically difficult solution, but it is also the safest. Armed with Pascal's law, a hydraulic cylinder, a drive, a pump and an oil tank, with the help of an experienced hydraulics, you can create a system that develops a force of 5 tons and more. Schematically, the device of such a product is as follows.

The person from the video did it, can you do it too?

Instead of a conclusion

If you don't have necessary materials and parts for the construction of a wood splitter, then think several times whether it is worth acquiring them and spending your precious time on "reinventing the wheel". Indeed, for a fairly adequate amount, you can immediately purchase a finished factory product, safe and with a guarantee!

Therefore, under a canopy in many firewood there are sawn logs, and they are waiting for the owner with an ax.

To facilitate this troublesome task, the Russian "left-handers" began to make a wood splitter with their own hands. Such devices are also sold in stores, but 90% of the inhabitants of rural areas with stove heating use home-made devices.

Types of devices for splitting logs

Homemade hydraulic wood splitter

The principle of operation - the pusher, driven by a hydraulic drive, delivers a log to the wedge system. It needs a compressor to work. It can be electric or assembled for internal combustion. The design is efficient and quite reliable, since there are few mechanical parts. Only the hydraulics themselves need maintenance.

Industrial wood splitter hydraulic

It is quite problematic to make it yourself, unless you can get a hydraulic drive from decommissioned agricultural machinery.

This video clip shows a homemade rack-and-pinion wood splitter with a belt drive. Nothing fancy, simple and efficient design, performance, which is higher than that of a hydraulic wood splitter.

Screw (conical) wood splitter

Homemade screw wood splitter

The most popular design of this device. Available in various sizes and price ranges. The principle of action is simple - the log is fed to a rotating cone, made in the form of an Archimedean gimlet.

Do-it-yourself manual wood splitter drawings. Handmade homemade wood splitter. Do-it-yourself wood splitter: drawings, photos, instructions. Products with electric drive

Types of wood splitters

Technical characteristics of wood splitters

How to make a wood splitter?

Varieties of wood splitters

Specifications

Benefits of home installation

mechanism requirements

Making a screw wood splitter: step by step instructions and video

Video review, which describes in detail the purpose of the part

How to work with a screw splitter

DIY hydraulic wood splitter: step by step instructions and video

Video: do-it-yourself assembly technology for a hydraulic wood splitter mounted with a tractor.

Professional wood splitters: champion lsh 5000 review

Specifications

Device diagram

Terms of Use

Preparing the wood splitter for work

Features of working on a wood splitter

Change of oil

Possible malfunctions

Varieties of devices for chopping wood: an ax with a displaced center

Things to Consider Before Manufacturing

Making a screw cleaver

Work methodology

Making a hydraulic splitter

The nuances of the work

Mechanical wood splitters

Do-it-yourself simple wood splitter: mechanics

Spring splitter

Wood splitter inertial vertical

Wood splitters with electric drive

Screw (conical)

Cone and Thread Options

Electric motor and gearbox

Where to place the motor

Hydraulic wood splitter

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Video how to make a screw wood splitter with your own hands

Part one

Part two

Briefly about the device of the wood splitter and the principle of its operation

How to choose a hydraulic wood splitter

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Editor's Choice

About homemade

"Carrot"

Rack construction

Hydraulic splitter

Instead of a conclusion

Types of devices for splitting logs

Screw (conical) wood splitter