You can talk a lot about the imperfection of the world, in which economic crises occur at least once every ten years, but you can independently determine the direction of activity that will bring a stable income, regardless of the global financial situation. These types of activities include those in which people will always be interested. Including all types of activities related to decorating the interior space of an apartment or country house, finishing the territory of a personal plot. For example, the production of paving slabs. The main component of future success in such a situation becomes a high-quality and original drawing up of a business plan, on the basis of which successful and fruitful activities will be carried out in the future.

Competition in this market is quite high, but the demand for this finishing material is quite high. It is formed due to the constantly increasing indicators of private suburban construction, the implementation of work to improve the territories of urban and rural settlements, the simple asphalt on the sidewalks of which was often laid during the period of the Moscow Olympics-80.

This type of business is recognized as one of the least expensive. In order to start your own production, you will need from 100,000 US dollars.

Registration, taxes, certification

In any situation, you have to start with registration. For small production in the first stages of activity, it is enough to register in the role. The production of paving slabs is convenient as a start-up with a minimum number of permits required for such work and a simple taxation scheme. Registration of a manufacturer as an individual entrepreneur gives the opportunity to choose 6%.

There is no mandatory certification for paving slabs. However, given the significant role that potential buyers attach to its presence, the certificate can be ordered additionally. In such a situation, the finished samples will be carefully checked by the certification service for the level of moisture resistance, frost resistance, readiness to withstand mechanical stress and negative environmental influences, including maintaining color under constant exposure to direct sunlight. Due to the ease of manufacturing industrial batches of beautiful and original paving slabs, such confirmation of high quality will be an additional argument for a potential buyer to choose our version of the proposals.

What is included in a business plan for the production of paving slabs?

An important basis for future success is a detailed assessment of the manufacturing options for this practical finishing material with options for selecting batch buyers.

Experienced manufacturers recommend paying attention to the private sector in the first stages. Here, a small number of units of paving slabs are required in ordered batches. At the same time, the private sector's demand for this material is high. Garden paths can be repaired literally every year.

In addition, paving slabs are often in demand by representatives of local city organizations. When choosing a material that is reliable in operation, it is paving slabs that are ready to become both a decoration of the territory of any settlement and the basis for increasing the comfort of everyone who lives in it.

You will also need to accurately assess what equipment will be needed from the first stages of activity. This will help you immediately determine the cost parameters that will be spent on its acquisition. The business plan also includes information about the amount of materials that will be required to quickly and efficiently complete batches of any size.

Production premises

The ideal situation would be for a novice entrepreneur to have his own premises for organizing production. It can be quite compact.

All equipment can easily fit in an area of ​​50 square meters. Of these, it is enough to allocate no more than 35 square meters for production. The remaining 15 square meters will be used for storing manufactured products.

You can rent the necessary space. It is important that it meets fire safety requirements and has a permanent connection to a power source. You will also need to install a drying chamber in the room.

Technologies for manufacturing paving slabs

Today there are two basic technologies for manufacturing this convenient and practical material.

In cases where it is planned to immediately begin with the production of fairly large batches, it is recommended to use vibrocompression technologies. This technology includes several basic stages of activity.

• Preparation of concrete using a concrete mixer, from which, after preparing the mixture, the mass is placed in a vibropress, into its matrix.
• The second stage is the work of vibrators and a punch, which make the material dense and send the material prepared for drying to a molding tray, which is sent for drying.
• At the third stage, future reliable and durable tiles are dried using a thermal-moist method, which can be used as ordinary hot water steam. To minimize the cost of performing a full range of work, pallets with products can be dried without the use of specialized steam installations - simply indoors.

What is driving the growing popularity of pizzerias? Would it be profitable to open an establishment of this type? Find answers to these and other questions in ours.

Using vibration casting technologies the work is carried out somewhat differently.

1. The concrete mixture is being prepared.
2. The finished mixture is placed in molds located on a vibrating table.
3. The forms are laid out on pallets.
4. The forms are left in natural conditions for two days.
5. Heating the molds to 50-60 degrees Celsius and knocking out the finished paving slabs from them.

This technology makes it possible to create models of almost unique shapes, which are especially convenient for decorating local areas.

Equipment for the production of paving slabs

At the first stages of the work, you will need to purchase or rent:

• a brick making machine, the cost of which upon purchase is about 20,000 US dollars;
• from 5 to 6 thousand US dollars upon purchase will be spent on purchasing a concrete mixer;
• It will cost the owner of a new production 3 thousand to buy a punch.

The use of such technology options will make it possible to produce tiles using the vibration pressing method.

An alternative set of equipment will be the equipment used for the production of paving slabs with your own hands using vibratory casting technology. This kit includes:

• vibration table, the minimum cost of which is 4 thousand US dollars;
• molds for making paving slabs - from 1-8 US dollars per 1 mold;
• A concrete mixer will cost a new entrepreneur $600.

A convenient type of additional equipment will be a bathtub used for washing molds. Its average cost is 1-1.5 thousand US dollars.

To minimize costs at the initial stages of activity, it is recommended to purchase used equipment.

How much staff will be required to complete the work?

For a small production, all work of which is located in a space of 50 square meters, it is enough to include 3 employees in the company’s staff. One of them can additionally combine the functions of a storekeeper and a driver. A convenient option that allows you to save money is inviting representatives of outsourcing companies to prepare tax, pension and accounting reports.

Cost of production of paving slabs

In the production of paving slabs, flat-cement concrete and plasticizer are used. The cost of 1 cubic meter of raw material produced is 3,000 rubles. It can be used to make up to 16 square meters of finished tiles. The average cost of producing one square meter of tile is 150-170 rubles. To this you need to add 50-70 rubles, which will be spent on electricity, wages for workers, rent of premises and other production needs. The selling price of tiles is much higher - at least 230-300 rubles.

Profitability of paving slab production

If a new manufacturer quickly finds potential buyers, the profitability of paving slab production due to the use of inexpensive materials reaches 150%. This suggests that even if you purchase a full set of equipment, the purchase will be justified.

The production of paving slabs today is recognized as one of the most successful options for starting your own successful business. Manufacturing paving slabs as a business will require financial costs at the initial stage, but will bring a high payback in the future.

Video: production of paving slabs

Did the article help? Subscribe to our communities.

We will tell you about making tiles using the vibration casting method, since this method is more profitable.

Both methods of making outdoor coverings place the same requirements on the premises. This is the area not less than 80 sq. m. and the presence of all communications.

Rent will cost no more than 30 thousand rubles, and in some regions the price may be even less.

Here it is worth immediately giving an approximate amount of utilities: 3 thousand rubles for electricity and the same amount for cleaning the territory, maintaining housing, water, and so on.

Equipment

Naturally, this is the most expensive item in our plan.

You will need:

• Vibrating table (take the VS-1500 model): 34.5 thousand rubles;
• Concrete mixers: 20 thousand rubles for 2 pieces;
• Molds for tiles: from 70 rubles for 1 piece;
• Capacity for stripping forms: 10 thousand rubles.

When expanding production, you can take a more productive model of a vibrating table, as well as replace concrete mixers with a forced-action mixer.

In addition to the above you will need:

• Bath for washing molds;
• Racks for placing and storing tiles;
• Wardrobe, table and chairs for workers.

Material

To prepare the mixture you will need:

• Cement: 4.5 thousand rubles per 1 ton;
• Sand: 650 rubles per 1 ton;
• Plasticizer: from 220 rubles per 1 liter.

To save on materials, when ordering, pay attention to the delivery conditions, as well as discounts for wholesalers.

But we should not forget about quality; it is better to give preference to suppliers with a positive reputation.

Profit

At the above prices the cost per square meter of finished tiles is approximately 210 rubles(including electricity and worker labor). At the same time, the average market price is 350 rubles per square meter.

Total profit from 1 square meter will be 140 rubles. If you produce 30 sq.m. per work shift. m. tiles, the costs will pay off in a month.

Total monthly income will be 126,000 rubles.

Naturally, the payback is calculated taking into account the timely sale of finished products.

By the way, additional costs may include packaging material and packaging equipment. At the beginning of business development, reinforced film is suitable. Its price is about 45 rubles per 1 sq. m.

Workers

In general, this point in such a plan should come before calculating profits, but we did it differently. Why? It's simple. In order to provide our employees with a normal salary, and also not to remain in the red, It's worth offering piecemeal payment.

In the previous calculations, it was 45 rubles per square meter.

If a team of 2 people produces 30 sq.m. per shift, then its earnings are: 30*45=1350 rubles.

Respectively, everyone and workers receive 675 rubles per shift.

For each month, each employee receives the average salary in this industry. Also, to save money, at first you can perform operations yourself by simply hiring a partner.

As for accounting, you can use the services of relevant companies without hiring your own staff. It will cost less factor of.

Certification

The last thing to note in a business plan is certification. It is completely optional for our products.

But buyers believe that the more tests a product has undergone, the more reliable it is. Therefore, you can use the services of specialists. On average, this last item of expense ranges from 3 to 10 thousand rubles.

Wages are a form of remuneration for labor and an important incentive for employees of an enterprise, performing reproductive and stimulating functions. The wage fund is a source of funds intended for the payment of wages and social benefits. The calculation of the wage fund (WF) is based on a tariff system that makes it possible to compare various specific types of work, taking into account their complexity and conditions of performance.

To calculate wages, we accept the 4th category of work with a tariff coefficient krazr = 1.48 and the second hourly tariff schedule - with difficult and harmful working conditions (ST = 38.56 rubles / hour)

Payroll planning is carried out according to two main forms of remuneration: time-based and piece-rate. The piecework form of remuneration is used to evaluate the work of the main workers with a standardized time for completing the technological process, given the specified standard time tsht in standard hours and the volume of work performed Vg.

With a piece-rate wage system, a piece-worker or a team of workers, in addition to earnings at direct piece rates, is paid a bonus for fulfilling and exceeding the established quantitative and qualitative indicators provided for by the shop Regulations on bonuses.

Piecework direct wages Zpsd.pr is calculated using the formula:

ZPsd. pr = Sti. j Х t pcs Х Vг Х (1 + ?DТК) Х kР.К

where Sti. J = St4 razr H krazr.j - hourly tariff rate of 4th category worker;

kbit.j -- bit coefficient of the 4th bit of the worker;

t pcs - piece rate of time for performing the i-th technological operation;

DTK - additional payments for time worked, provided for by the Labor Code of the Russian Federation;

kR.K = 1.3 - regional (zone) coefficient.

ZPsd. Pr = 38.56? 1.48? 19.72? 3217? 1.6? 1.3 = 7530435 rub.

The basic wages of piece workers are calculated taking into account additional payments for time worked, provided for in the tariff and qualification reference book and the shop Regulations on wages.

ZPSD.OSN = Sti. j Ch tpcs Ch Vg Ch (1 + kVYR + kQUAL + ? DTC) Ch kR.K

where kВИР = 0.2 is the share of additional payments for 100% production;

kQUALITY = 0.15 -- share of additional payments for producing high-quality products;

DН.В = 0.1 - coefficient of additional payments for night hours during a five-day period;

DУ.Т = 0.15х0.25 - coefficient of additional payments for working conditions;

DPR = 0.1h0.2 - coefficient of other additional payments according to shop regulations.

ZPSD.OSN = 38.56? 1.48? 19.72? 3217? (1 + 0.2 + 0.15 + 0.6) ? 1.3 = 91777717 rub.

Additional wages provide for payments for vacation time and other full-day absences of workers for valid reasons (except for sick leave certificates of incapacity), rub./year.

ZPDOP = ZPSD.OSN CH kDOP, FOT = ZPSD.OSN + ZPDOP,

where kDOP = 0.14 is the additional salary coefficient.

ZPDOP = 91777717? 0.14 = 1284880 rub;

Payroll = 91777717 + 1284880 = 93062597 rub.

Time-based wages are used to pay auxiliary and other categories of workers with irregular work, rubles/year.

ZPPOVR. VSP = Sti. j CH FVN.R CH CHPVSP CH (1 + ?DVSP) CH kR.K

where? DVSP = 0.55 - the total coefficient of additional payments to auxiliary workers for night hours, the severity and inconvenience of performing work, for rescheduling, work on weekends, and so on.

ZPPOVR. VSP = 38.56? 1.48? 2000? 14 ? 1.55? 1.3 = 3,219,822 rubles

Payments for wages from the payroll to social funds will be (Nsoc.f):

Nsots.f = ufot? kstart = 93062597 ? 0.28 = 26057527 rub.

where? Payroll - the total wage fund, including the basic and additional wages of the main workers, rubles/year;

kSTART = 0.28 - total coefficient of social contributions

The results of calculations for planning wages of main workers are summarized in Table 7.

Table 7

Calculation of the wage fund for main workers

To check the correctness of the calculation of the wages of the main workers, we determine the average monthly wage of a payroll worker:

Salary aver.month = ?FOT / (CHPSP? 12) = 10449984 / (34 ? 12) = 25612 rub.

ZPOpt SR.MON = Sti. j H FMES H (1 + ?D OSN) H k R.K = 20036 rub.

The construction segment today is second only to the telecommunications sector in terms of the level of implementation of new technologies. Literally every day they talk about “new breakthroughs” and the emergence of new “unique” technologies. Such activity does not always correspond to real needs and, even more so, to real market opportunities. Practice shows that good old technologies not only remain in demand, but also provide excellent chances to start your own business with small investments. The realities of small business in 2015 show rather illusory prospects for the construction market, but the question remains, what should construction teams do, how to look for an alternative to make money?

The answer can be found in related areas, in optimizing the business itself. As one of the alternatives (in truth, the option is good for organizing a new business), you can consider organizing the production of paving slabs using the vibration casting method.

How much does it cost to produce paving slabs?

The level of depreciation of fixed assets is not just high, but very high, this applies to all aspects, including sidewalks. If we talk about the roadways, those same roads, the situation is no better; this issue belongs to the sphere of interests of the “big” bosses, as a result they are, at the very least, repaired. The situation is completely different with sidewalks; no money is allocated for them; the specifics of their repair do not allow for much acceleration. From practice, I can say for sure that 3-4 times more can be “appropriated” from one square meter of road. Most sidewalk repairs in cities, small towns, and private households are left to small businesses. What does this mean in practice?

At organizing a full cycle from production to laying paving slabs, the business receives significant benefits in the form of:

• - flexible pricing policy. The final price of the finished product will not include the price of an intermediary (as in retail sales - 20-50%, the cost of a foreman's services - 20-30%). In fact, this means that tiles can be laid at a 50% discount without losing average profitability.
• - individual approach to the client. Selection of shape, color, it is possible to take into account the individual characteristics of the site.
• - full range of services. If we consider that for the mini workshop itself, raw materials (screenings, cement) will be purchased at wholesale prices from established suppliers, then de facto the client pays and actually receives everything at once at the optimal price.

By and large, it is this complex option that makes it possible to talk about the business of producing paving slabs as an option for construction crews to repurpose.

Do not forget about the profitability of the business, two main points:

• - the production of sidewalk tiles has a profitability of 40-50% for wholesale sales and about 80-90% for retail sales;
• - using the same equipment (except for molds) it is possible to produce a very wide range of products, not just tiles.
• - profit from laying sidewalks also reaches 50%.

In total, due to the full cycle, it is possible to achieve about 100% profitability, and due to the wide range of products, “smooth out” seasonal fluctuations in demand.

For example, for the period of the “winter season” we can repurpose ourselves into the production of concrete countertops and figures.

Technologies for the production of paving slabs

If we consider the market as a whole, we can distinguish three main technologies:

1. Clinker tiles.
2. Vibrocasting
3. Vibropressing

Relatively clinker tiles, one thing can be said, expensive. Moreover, in all other respects, high-quality clinker products are better. Such products are made from clay and then fired at high temperatures. Such production is expensive to organize and requires special permits and high-quality raw materials. In the end, it turns out to be expensive, this technology goes into the realm of big business. In terms of their technology, they also have a lot of nuances, ranging from the availability of really high-quality raw materials (not all clay is suitable) to the need to maintain a constant technological cycle. Recently, a friend’s “lights” were turned off for a couple of hours, and then they spent a week “picking out” the frozen clay.

One more The manufacturing technology for paving slabs is vibration compaction. The method is undoubtedly good and has its advantages:

• - firstly, the possibility of widespread use of automatic processes. If you have money and desire, about 90% of all processes are done by automatic machines.
• - secondly, higher wear-resistant performance.

There is a downside though:

• -expensive equipment. Such a workshop cannot be called small; its organization will require quite a lot of money, as a result, it is necessary to immediately aim for large sales volumes.
• - the cost of such products is higher than that of tiles made by vibration casting.
• - higher stability shows itself effectively only in cases of intense loads. For example, if you use tiles as paving stones on a road with heavy traffic (cars) or a very large flow of people.

Vibrating casting - in this option for the production of paving slabs we are talking about traditional casting using a vibrating table, this option is suitable for home businesses. The technology itself simply does not require any additional, much less special, equipment other than the table itself. In fact, the procedure is a chain:

Concrete (cement-sand mixture) is prepared in concrete mixers, consisting of:

• cement;
• sand;
• granite crushed stone fraction 5-10 mm;
• plasticizer C-3;
• air-entraining SNV additive;
• pigment.

Ready concrete is laid out into molds on a vibrating table;

The mixture in the molds is given the required density on a vibrating table;

The forms with the solution are put on racks, covered with PVC film and kept for 24 hours;

The molds with the frozen mixture are heated in a bath of warm water;

The products are being stripped;

The tiles are laid on pallets, where they are kept for a certain period until they are completely ready.

pros

• - low cost of the finished product;
• - small starting investments;
• - maximum business flexibility. Products can be made in small batches of any shape and color.

Minuses

• - high level of manual labor;
• - strict linkage of production volume to the workshop area.

What equipment and premises are needed?

The total area for a small workshop should be about 60 square meters, plus rooms for final drying of paving slabs. The main condition is:

• - availability of electricity and water.
• - heating. To obtain a strong product, it is necessary to comply with the drying conditions; in cold periods, you need to “raise” the temperature, and in hot periods, lower it. Drying too quickly leads to loss of quality.

Among the equipment it is necessary to highlight

Concrete mixer - about 20,000 rubles.

Forms for pouring tiles. It must be emphasized that today there are four variations of forms on the market:

Metal forms. The most expensive, one of the advantages is the possibility of long-term use, and the disadvantage is the cost.

Rubber, can be used up to 500 cycles.

Plastic – 250 cycles

Polyurethane – up to 100 production cycles.

Which forms to buy is a rhetorical question; practice shows that when choosing forms you must be guided by one principle - rationality. Expensive, more durable rubber or metal molds will work for popular molds. But when making non-standard or one-time orders, it is worth buying cheap and short-lived plastic or polyurethane.

Vibrating table. Its cost largely depends on the size, quality, and supplier. By and large, you can make it yourself.

Table for stripping. Simply an irreplaceable thing and assistant, especially in conditions of seasonal intensity.

Bath for washing molds. After making the tiles, all molds must be thoroughly cleaned; a “dirty” mold is almost 100% defective.

Rokla hydraulic. Also, at first glance, it is a rather unnecessary thing, but when working with working volumes of tiles, its transportation and transportation without a roller is a tedious, labor-intensive process of palletizing.

and activities

It is very difficult, one might even say unrealistic, to calculate the real cost without specific information about the region and the availability of raw materials. On average in the market, the level of profitability of production is about 30-45%, while it fluctuates significantly depending on the remoteness of the resource base, this is due to the presence of cement factories, granite and sand quarries. The closer, the cheaper the raw materials, the higher the level of profitability. One of the most significant factors for a small mini paving slab workshop is the low dependence on fixed costs, which allows you to “freeze” production very quickly and start it up just as quickly, without using significant financial resources.

Advertising and sales of finished products

Very often, small businesses (especially if the business belongs to the home business category) do not attach much importance to advertising and beautiful presentation of their goods; this is perhaps one of the most common mistakes, as a result of low sales volumes at the beginning of the project. Subsequently, “popular rumor” and “word of mouth” do their job, but this happens later. I would advise you to take product advertising seriously and suggest the following options:

• - first. Preparation of bright advertising brochures. Moreover, the booklets should contain high-quality photos, a large selection of various shapes (this can be taken from sites selling ready-made forms for paving slabs) and colors. The fact is that even for a small order you can always save money and buy cheap molds made of plastic or polyurethane. Plus, the cost of several thousand advertising brochures will not be that expensive. When distributing brochures, the main thing is to choose the right place and contingent.
• - second. Advertising in newspapers is required, especially since you will have the opportunity to lay tiles. For a small paving slab workshop, you can rent a large banner; again, the main thing is to choose the right location.

Alternative and related activities

Small-scale production of paving slabs has another significant advantage, this is the ability to expand the range of products and services offered, in particular:

• - tile laying services.
• - production of fences, curbs, gutters.
• - using almost the same set of equipment you can make concrete garden figures or kitchen countertops, window sills, and even fountains.
• - a minor modernization and you can start producing cinder blocks, and if you have money, then foam concrete (you need to buy a high-speed concrete mixer).

The list goes on; today there is a huge number of concrete products on the market, most of which can be produced at home, including paving slabs and paving stones.

Video example of making paving slabs with your own hands

DIY paving slabs

We organize a small mini workshop with our own hands for the production of paving slabs

The paving slabs are beautiful. With it, any area turns into a garden. Every owner of a country house tries to lay out walkways and driveways from such tiles.

But making paving slabs with your own hands turns out to be more expensive and much longer than just buying ready-made ones. Let's find out why next.

A small plot requires about 80 sq.m. tiles For parking one car 25 sq.m., recreation area 10 sq.m. and paths 600 cm wide and 70 meters long.

As of 2015, the average price of colored tiles in Perm is from 700 rubles per square meter. Thus, the purchase of paving slabs from the manufacturer will be 49,000 rubles plus transportation costs of 4,000 rubles.

Making paving slabs with your own hands is only beneficial for the unemployed

If you watch various videos on YouTube, making tiles yourself is easier than nailing a nail. Is it so? I decided to realize my old dream and make tiles myself.

Capital investments:
- A large concrete mixer cost 8,500 rubles a year ago. (now more expensive);
- Molds for paving slabs of the “Brick” type, 50 pieces (1 sq.m.) x 50 rub./piece. = 2500 rub.
- A bag of red pigment (25 kg, Czech Republic) - 1800 rubles;
- Plasticizer bag (30 kg) - 750 rub.;
- 10 tons of sand - 6,000 rubles;
- 10 tons of fine gravel - 10,000 rubles;
- Electric motor for vibrating table* (used) - 1000 rub. ;
- Cement.

The total initial investment amounted to 28,550 rubles.

* - A vibrating table consists of 2 old tires, a flat base (pallet), an electric motor with an eccentric.

Your work is not free

Now, how do we calculate the cost of our labor? It's not free as you might think.

If you make tiles during working hours, then 1 hour = 1 hour at work. Let's say that I have 1000 rubles per hour.

If you do tiles after work or on a day off, then 1 hour is estimated at 200 rubles.

The production time of one batch of paving slabs takes from 3 to 5 hours

This is only on YouTube for 1 form it takes 10 minutes. In fact, to fill 1 sq.m. paving slabs with your own hands, you need to make 3 batches of mortar, fill 50 molds, compact them on a vibrating table, move them to the drying place, clean the tool.

You need to wait 3-4 days to get the molds without chips around the edges. Manufacturers of molds allow you to take it out within a day. I took it out - the corners fell off in places.

After removing the finished tiles, you need to clean the molds from any remaining mortar. From 30 minutes to an hour.

Let's sum up the total costs per 1 sq.m. hand-made paving slabs 6 cm thick (minimum):
- 3 batches of mortar (sand 30 kg, gravel 60 kg, cement 30 kg, pigment and plasticizer) = 20 rubles. + 60 rub. + 150 rub. + 20 rub. = 250 rub.
- 4 hours of work on a day off x 200 rubles. = 800 rub.
The total is 1050 rubles per square meter! And also wait 3-4 days for the cement to gain strength and about 4 weeks before it can be laid.

Our area will require 80 sq.m. x 1050 rub. = 84,000 rubles. + cost of molds and concrete mixer in the amount of 11,000 rubles.

Many months of work!

To produce the required 80 sq.m. paving slabs will take eight (!) months. Only a complete idiot would make the tiles himself.

Conclusion

It is easier and cheaper to buy paving slabs than to make them yourself. With the exception of two cases: you don’t work anywhere and you have plenty of time, or you simply have nothing to do at the dacha. It’s better to fill everything with tinted concrete yourself.

I made 2 square meters myself. meters. Tired of waiting and washing forms. I put everything away and forgot about this nonsense.