Sea buckthorn buckthorn: description, varietal varieties. Sea buckthorn buckthorn: composition and medicinal properties for the body
Today, in almost every garden you can find a magical shrub or a short tree, about which people say: "Sea buckthorn will take away any famously." The saying, apparently, is related to the fact that sea buckthorn is like medicinal plant, known since the time of ancient Greek healers, successfully treats most of the common diseases.
Sea buckthorn buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) from the Loch family ( Eleagnaceae) synonyms are inherent (waskovuha, golden tree, ivotern, dereza, schets, belotern, shirganak, silverfish), characterizing appearance these plants and the shape of the leaves. In Latinized translation from Greek, it means horse shine, meaning that sea buckthorn leaves added to horse feed give their skin an unusual shine. Sea buckthorn belongs to ancient plants. Ancient Greek healers and scientists wrote treatises about its medicinal properties.
Mike CampbellSea buckthorn distribution area
Sea buckthorn is widely distributed on all continents of the earth, where climatic and soil conditions are suitable for it. In the Russian Federation, it is found everywhere in the wild throughout the European part, in Western and Eastern Siberia, in the northern Caucasus, in Altai. Sea buckthorn thickets are common in floodplains, along the banks of lakes and other water bodies. Plantings of sea buckthorn used for the production of medicines and food products, more than 7,000 hectares are occupied in Siberia. Its plantings are used to strengthen slopes and landslide sections of embankments.
Description of sea buckthorn
On the territory of the Russian Federation, sea buckthorn is mainly distributed, and many varieties have been bred by breeders, the fruits of which are used in the medical and food industries.
Sea buckthorn is a multi-stem deciduous shrub 1-5 m, with woody perennial shoots. In general, above-ground shoots form a rounded or spreading crown, consisting of shoots of different ages. Juveniles are covered with silvery hairs. With age, the shoots are covered with bark of different shades: from dark brown to black. Shortened shoots bear numerous long spines.
The root system of sea buckthorn consists of skeletal perennial branches of 1-2-3 orders, located in a 40-50 cm soil layer. Along the edges, they are overgrown with fibrous roots that perform their main function. Nodules with nitrogen-fixing bacteria form on the roots.
Volkmar Knoch The leaves of sea buckthorn are simple lanceolate, the location on the shoots is next. Leaf blades are covered with silvery hairs, which hides their main color of greenish hues. Due to the pubescence, the whole plant has a silvery-green hue and looks great in combination with green plants. Sea buckthorn belongs to the group of wind-pollinated dioecious plants and needs male pollinators to form a crop. female flowers collected in the axils of thorns and shortened branches, sticking around them from all sides. Male flowers in short spikelets. For pollination, one tree per 50-100 square meters is enough. m area. Sea buckthorn blooms in April-May. From planting to first fruiting 2-4 years. The fruits ripen in August-September. Thornless varieties have been bred, which simplifies harvesting.
Sea buckthorn fruits, in all shades from yellow to orange and red, look very elegant. The drupe (false drupe) is topped with a juicy peel with a faint pineapple flavor. Fruit stone one, smooth, sometimes black, shiny.
Sea buckthorn varieties
Russian breeders have bred more than 60 varieties based on sea buckthorn. They are frost-resistant, have larger fruits, and are free of thorns, making them easy to pick. The bred varieties of sea buckthorn are confined to the climatic conditions of the regions and are divided into varieties for the Urals and Siberia, middle lane and Moscow region, thornless and thornless.
Varieties for the regions of Siberia and the Urals
Altai, Giant, Inya, Beloved, Nugget, Chuiskaya, etc.
Varieties for the regions of the middle lane and the Moscow region
Elizabeth, Golden Cob, Orange, Lomonosovskaya, Fragrant, Panteleevskaya, Muscovite, Red Carmine, Moscow Beauty, etc.
According to the ripening time, the varieties are divided into early, medium, late. The seedlings are always accompanied by a brief varietal description, where its features are indicated, including the type (early, middle, late). When buying, it is necessary to select varieties adapted for the region, which is associated with a very short dormant period of the culture, in conditions unusual for the variety, the seedlings simply will not survive.
Tikki_75 The chemical composition of sea buckthorn
Biologists studying composition variety of plants fauna say: to be healthy, on suburban area it is enough to have 3 types of shrubs - sea buckthorn, dogwood and irgu, all organs of which are medicinal (root, shoots, bark, leaves, flowers, fruits).
Multivitamin culture, the fruits of which contain B vitamins. Increased amounts of vitamins "C", "E", "K", provitamin "A", up to 6% sugars, up to 2.5% organic acids, quercetin. The pulp and bones contain, respectively, up to 9 and 12% fatty oils. Of the trace elements, fruits and leaves contain boron, potassium, iron, manganese, zinc, copper, calcium. Some types of plant antibiotics were found in the composition of fruits and leaves. Sea buckthorn leaves and bark are rich in hippofaine alkaloid content. The bark contains up to 10 different tannins and oils (up to 3%) that differ in composition from the oils of the fruit.
Useful properties of sea buckthorn
In the official pharmacopoeia, sea buckthorn fruit oil is used to treat various skin lesions (skin tuberculosis, bedsores, ulcers, bruises), nasopharynx (tonsillitis, sinusitis, rhinitis), in gynecology (Olazol, Hypozol, Oblekol preparations), with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, with hypovitaminosis and other diseases.
An infusion of sea buckthorn leaves helps with indigestion, rheumatism and gout.
Alcoholic extract of sea buckthorn bark is used for pathological tissue growth. It has a radioprotective effect.
Traditional methods of treatment cover almost all human systems. At home, sea buckthorn oil, decoctions, infusions, ointments are prepared, which are taken both internally and externally.
Sea buckthorn is used fresh. Juices, compotes, jams, liqueur drinks, etc. are prepared from it.
Maja Dumat Sea buckthorn cultivation
Sea buckthorn is frost-resistant, photophilous culture, undemanding to conditions environment. The crown can endure frosts down to -30..-40°C, and the root system down to -25°C. If, with deep snow cover, conditions of positive temperatures are created in the soil (with sub-zero outdoor temperatures), the root system of sea buckthorn begins to rot. The plant becomes sick and may die. Therefore, in snowy regions of mid-latitudes, where thaws are not uncommon, they reduce the layer of snow, throwing it away from the trunk. This technique equalizes the temperature and prevents aging.
Site selection
The root system of sea buckthorn is superficial and horizontally extends beyond the crown. Culture does not like the close proximity of other crops and frequent tillage. Therefore, a place is chosen for her where there will be enough free space and lighting around. Undesirable predecessors for sea buckthorn: apricot, sweet cherry, plum, stone fruit cherry, apple tree, pome fruit pear, strawberry, raspberry). Planting material is best bought in nurseries in the form of 2-3 year old well-rooted seedlings. Sea buckthorn needs watering in dry years. It is necessary to plant a crop in areas with a standing water level above 1-2 meters from the surface of the earth, since it does not tolerate stagnant water.
Tom DeCoste Soil preparation
The best soils for sea buckthorn are fertile, water and breathable, with a neutral reaction. If the soil is heavy, then large planting pits are prepared before planting, which are filled with specially prepared soil. Upper layer excavated soil 1:1 or 1:2 is mixed with humus or humus with the addition of sand. For each planting hole, 50-60 g of superphosphate and 40-50 g of potassium salt are added. You can use nitroammophoska at the rate of 60-80 g per landing pit. Fertilizers with the soil should be thoroughly mixed. Depending on the type of soil on the site, the amount and ratio of fertilizers may be different.
The quality of seedlings and planting rules
2-3-4 female plants and 1 male (pollinator) are enough for one family. If there are male plants in neighboring areas, then you can not buy male plants.
When choosing seedlings for planting, you need to pay attention to:
- the seedling should have 2-4 skeletal roots 15-20 cm, overgrown with fibrous roots,
- trunk up to 40-50 cm high with several side shoots,
- the bark is elastic, smooth, without flaking, the browned bark indicates the freezing of the seedling in the spring; it is risky to buy such seedlings.
A few hours before planting, the seedling is placed in a container with water, root is added. You can lower the roots of the seedling before planting in a clay mash.
Planting pits are placed every 1.5-2.0 m. Seedlings are planted in spring, which makes it possible to adapt to growing conditions and develop a good root system. Planting hole 50x50x60 cm, can be larger if the soil requires the addition of large amounts of humus, peat, sand and other ingredients to improve physical properties. Lime to neutralize acidified soils is applied in the fall. The soil mixture is introduced into the planting pit, forming a tubercle in the middle. The root system of the seedling is straightened along it and covered with the remaining soil. The soil is compacted, gradually pour 1.5-2.0 buckets of water, mulch with fine mulch (peat, humus, shavings). When planting, the root neck is deepened into the soil by 5-7 cm. This technique will contribute to the formation of additional roots. So that the stem does not bend under the pressure of the winds, it is tied to a support through a figure-eight with a ribbon or twine.
arjuna_zbycho Sea buckthorn care
In the spring, before bud break and after harvesting, sanitary pruning of sea buckthorn is carried out. Remove dried, diseased, broken, inward-growing branches. They clean the wounds, disinfect, treat the shrub / tree with a 1-2% solution of Bordeaux mixture.
During the flowering of sea buckthorn, you need to shake male plant to cause the pollen to fly. If there is no male specimen nearby, cut individual branches from the male plant and shake in the middle of the crown of the female.
With the onset of stable warm weather, if the winter was not snowy and the spring was dry, then (May-early June) sea buckthorn is watered. Otherwise, watering can be postponed to a later date.
In the summer, watering is repeated, but at a moderate rate without stagnant water. On the second day, the soil is slightly loosened (no deeper than 5 cm) and mulched. If the roots of sea buckthorn are damaged during loosening, the shrub / tree begins to intensively form root shoots or get sick with root / stem rot.
During the summer, sea buckthorn is watered as needed, wetting the soil layer by 30-40 cm. The mulching layer is up to 5 cm, which will keep the soil moist without unnecessary loosening. Rotten mulch during autumn digging will serve as additional fertilizer.
Sea buckthorn is fertilized 1-2 times a year, and on fat land in a year. In the spring, a bucket of manure solution is applied for mulching (1:6), and in the fall, 0.5 buckets of humus / compost and phosphorus-potassium fertilizers, respectively, 120-200 g and 100-120 g per bush or tree. You can change the feeding scheme: apply in the spring a solution of bird droppings (1:8) or cow manure (1:6), alternating with nitrophoska or other complete mineral fertilizer. In the middle of summer or after harvesting, you can feed dry ash for watering or in the form of infusion. You can limit yourself to applying in the spring ammonium nitrate(25-30 g per bush / tree) and organic solutions.
To form larger and full-fledged fruits, sea buckthorn is treated by leaves or at the beginning of the growth of ovaries with a solution of trace elements, effecton, humate at the rate of 1 spoon per bucket of water.
During the growing season, it is necessary to maintain the soil without weeds and root shoots.
By autumn, under the branches of sea buckthorn loaded with harvest, it is necessary to install supports.
emme-forstbaumschulen Sea buckthorn formation
You can form sea buckthorn with a bush or a tree.
In case of bush formation, the planted seedling of sea buckthorn is cut off at the level of 15-20 cm. The next year, the most developed 3-5 shoots are selected from the root shoots of the own-rooted seedling, and the rest are removed completely. The bush is brought to 8-9 shoots. Then thinning and rejuvenation begin, removing 1 branch annually.
If the seedling of sea buckthorn is grafted, then next spring the one-year-old shoot is cut off by 4-5 buds. Over the summer, they give an increase, from which 3-5 skeletal branches are selected from the lower buds with uniform growth next spring. The rest are removed to the ring. The remaining skeletal branches are pruned a little .. This early spring pruning of sea buckthorn causes a large one-year increase, on which the crop will form the next year after pruning. All thickening and twisted shoots are removed.
Starting from 5-6 years of age, with autumn pruning, carry out the rejuvenation of the sea buckthorn bush, cutting at the base of one of the oldest branches with a slight formation of the crop.
During the summer inspection of sea buckthorn (in the middle of the growing season), all branches are cut out that have not formed an increase in current year. Such branches end with a brush of leaves and dry up at the end of the growing season. But they take some of the nutrients from the plant.
To form sea buckthorn in the form of a tree, a seedling is cut into 3-4 buds. Next spring, pinch the top 2-4 cm. Pinching stimulates the development of side shoots. For 3 years before bud break or in late autumn, the future trunk is cleaned to a height of 40-50 cm from side shoots. Sections are disinfected. In the future, skeletal branches of 1-2 orders are formed with a one-year increase. Wounds on sea buckthorn heal slowly, so the formation lasts 2-4 years. No more than 2-3 branches are cut into a ring per year. In the form of a tree, it is more expedient to form a male plant, and leave the female plant in a bushy form.
ndsu Sea buckthorn breeding
Sea buckthorn reproduces by seeds and vegetatively. It should be noted that during seed propagation, the signs of the maternal species are not transmitted to the plant. Therefore, it is better to use the possibilities of vegetative propagation, which is carried out by dividing the bush, shoots of own-rooted plants, layering, cuttings, and grafting.
Reproduction by dividing the bush, layering and cuttings is most often used at home. The method of carrying out these types of reproduction is the same as in other shrubs (currants).
Diseases and pests of sea buckthorn
Mature sea buckthorn plants are rarely affected by diseases and pests. IN young age and with epiphytotic damage to other crops by similar diseases and pests, sea buckthorn also gets sick.
Of the diseases, sea buckthorn is most often affected by fungal diseases: young seedlings with a black leg, endomycosis, gray and brown rot, sea buckthorn fruits, black cancer, large branches, stegmina (scab) fruits, young shoots, leaves, etc. proper care sea buckthorn plants are quite disease resistant. From diseases, it is best to spray with biological products or in early dates and after harvesting with 1% Bordeaux liquid, and during the growing season - with the same biological products. The following biological products counteract fungal, bacterial and viral diseases well: trichodermin, fitosporin-M, mikosan, alirin-B, bactofit, etc.
Tikki_75 Of the pests, green sea buckthorn aphids, comma-shaped scale insects, sea buckthorn gall mites, omnivorous leafworms, sea buckthorn moths, and gypsy moths are common. As with diseases, pest control is best carried out with biopreparations fitoverm, actofit, mycoafidin, metarizin, nemabact, verticillin, bicol, biotlin, dendrobacillin, lepidocid, etc.
The use of biological products does not harm humans, animals, birds and beneficial insects. These preparations can be used until harvest. Their use, doses and dilution, frequency and period of spraying are indicated in the accompanying recommendations. It is easy to prepare tank mixes from them, as some drugs have an individual effect. Before preparing the tank mixture, it is imperative to check the preparations for compatibility.
Describing sea buckthorn buckthorn, consider its flowering: it is expressed by single-covered, regular-shaped flowers, each of them is endowed with a tubular two- or four-lobed perianth.
Each flower contains four to eight stamens.
- Affected sea buckthorn fruits with endomitosis begin to lose their aroma and will easily wrinkle in the hands when harvested. In the coming year, such trees will hardly produce berries. You need to get rid of this disease with chemicals: Bordeaux mixture or copper oxychloride. The initial processing is carried out after the end of the flowering of the crop, re-processing - in the middle of summer.
- A disease such as scab occurs everywhere, it provokes the drying of shoots. If the scab has developed extensively, then the plant cannot avoid death. The disease affects foliage, fruits and young shoots. It manifests itself in the first half of summer and looks like rounded shiny spots of coal color, they increase in size until the end of summer days. A little later, pink-yellow heaps of mucus appear. These are disputes. They come out through the gaps of the berry skin. This process causes rotting of fruits, they turn black and dry. The foliage curls at the ends, turns brown, and black swellings appear on the shoots. You should get rid of this scourge by resorting to autumn pruning and irrigation with Bordeaux liquid, which has a concentration of one percent. Only this must be done no later than three weeks before the start of harvesting.
The main enemies of sea buckthorn are sea buckthorn moth and sea buckthorn fly. They are offered to fight with chlorophos, they need to irrigate plants at a certain time.
The sea buckthorn aphid is considered an unpleasant harmful insect; together with the larvae, it can infect the leaves of plants. In home gardens, they fight it with infusions and decoctions of tomato and potato leaves, garlic and onion husks, as well as tobacco leaves mixed with laundry soap. In addition, a chemical technique using karbofos at a concentration of ten percent is effective in combating aphids.
Sea buckthorn is the most common type of plant. The taste of its berries is very specific - sour and tart, so it pure form do not eat, but are used to make oils, jams and other products. The fruits of the plant have many different medicinal properties, and are also rich in vitamins and minerals that are necessary for the human body.
Sea buckthorn - perennial. This is a dioecious tree that can grow up to 4-5 meters in height.
The main feature of this plant is the presence of thorns, which complicate the harvest. It is advisable to wear thick gloves so as not to prick your hands. Most fruit trees do not have such a defense mechanism. Many branches grow on the trunk, which are densely covered with hard and sharp spikes about 2 centimeters long.
The bark of sea buckthorn has a grayish-brown tint. Foliage - linear-lanceolate, entire marginal about 8 centimeters in length. They have a light green color with a silvery tinge, like that of an olive tree.
When the tree begins to bloom, the flowers have a different color. Male specimens are dark brown in color. Each flower can have 4 pistils, all inflorescences are collected in a “spikelet” of 10-15 pieces up to one centimeter long. Unlike husband. signs of flowers, females have stamens. They have a greenish color, and the inflorescences are collected in brushes of several things. Flowering begins in late April and early May.
The fruits of sea buckthorn buckthorn have a light green color before ripening. After maturation, a bright orange color. The drupes are usually oval, small. But they tightly cover the branches that are under them. big amount fruit may not be noticed. In one mature tree, you can collect several buckets of berries. Fruit ripening ends closer to mid-autumn.
Usually, sea buckthorn can be found in Europe and Asia, as well as in Transbaikalia, Altai, the Caucasus and even in the southern territories of Siberia.
Sea buckthorn grows very well even in the wild, therefore it is able to create entire impenetrable thickets in its natural environment. It grows well in sandy soil, in river valleys, near rivers. You can practically not take care of these trees, as they themselves quickly adapt to the climate, and they can take water from underground. 
Sea buckthorn can be propagated by seeds, diversion of root pagons or seedlings.
Video “Description”
From the video you will learn a lot interesting facts about sea buckthorn.
Chemical composition
Description chemical composition sea buckthorn fruit mainly depends on the plant variety, place of growth, time of harvest, etc., therefore it may differ.
Buckthorn sea buckthorn contains a lot of vegetable fats, which do not contain cholesterol. Thanks to carotene, the oil has Orange color. There are also many vitamins of groups B, C, E, K, R. All of them are needed by the human body for normal functioning. important systems vital activity. The fruits have folic acid, betaine, phosphorolipids, glucose, sterols and triterpene substances. There are different organic natural acids: malic, tartaric and citric. 
The chemical composition includes tannins, which are useful for healing tissues in the body, as well as many micro and macro elements: iron, magnesium, silicon, aluminum, calcium and potassium, sodium, lead, nickel, molybdenum and even strontium. Heavy metals are contained in scanty amounts, so there will be no harm to health.
Medicinal properties
Given the description of the chemical composition, it should be concluded that sea buckthorn is very useful not only for the prevention of diseases, but also for their treatment.
Pharmacognosy involves a thorough study of various raw materials of animal or vegetable origin. Through a series of studies on sea buckthorn products, many useful properties fruits. Berries have an antibacterial and antiseptic effect, destroying the pathogens of typhus, salmonellosis, dysentery. Useful material allow you to improve digestion, activate the production of digestive enzymes, gastric juice and bile for the normal breakdown of complex compounds. Sea buckthorn stimulates the immune system, increases the body's resistance to infections and viruses. Also, with the regular use of drugs based on sea buckthorn or folk remedies the number of erythrocytes in the blood increases, the level of hemoglobin increases.
Sea buckthorn berries reduce the intensity of dystrophic processes in the human body, damage to liver cells.
The oil improves the regenerative abilities of the body. As a result, the layers of the epithelium heal faster, the tissues of the internal organs are more actively restored. Inflammation, ulcers, swelling pass faster.
Thanks to this characteristic, sea buckthorn can be used in the diagnosis of many diseases. If a person has no contraindications to its use, you can take it regularly different means based on these berries to improve the functioning of the body.
Application
Sea buckthorn juice with pulp is recommended as an adjuvant for low acidity of gastric juice, hypokinesia of the stomach and intestines, and atonic constipation. It is also used in the complex treatment of patients with toxic hepatitis and for the prevention of occupational diseases as a multivitamin remedy. 
Sea buckthorn oil is used for radiation damage to the skin, thermal and chemical burns, bedsores, trophic ulcers, etc. Cleaned from necrotic tissues, the wound or ulcerative surface is washed with a solution of penicillin or other antibiotics. Sea buckthorn oil is abundantly applied to the damaged area and a bandage is applied. Bandages are changed every other day. The treatment is carried out until the appearance of granulations filling the wound surface.
Contraindications
Like any other natural products, there are a number of contraindications to the use of sea buckthorn and products based on it. You can not take it when diagnosing pancreatitis, stomach ulcers, high acidity, with acute cholecystitis, as well as with pathology of the biliary tract. 
Special attention should be paid to the sensitivity of the human body to the components of sea buckthorn. If after its use there are signs of an allergic reaction, then you need to stop taking medicines based on these berries.
Video “Medicinal purpose”
From the video you will find out what medicinal use sea buckthorn.
Ideal for dense, thorny hedges. It looks good in gardens, it is also used when planting urban green spaces. It has decorative, silvery leaves and very picturesque, bright orange berries, which can be a wonderful accent in a winter garden. Besides, sea buckthorn fruits edible, but they should be collected only after the first frost - they will then get rid of the expressive tart taste.
Origin
Sea buckthorn, or buckthorn (lat. Hippophaë rhamnoides) shrub or tree, belongs to the Lokhov family. It grows naturally in Europe and Asia. These plants are resistant to frost, drought, wind, polluted air, and are also not demanding for cultivation. Sea buckthorn can also be used as a home garden plant - it has decorative, silvery-gray leaves, bright (and healthy and tasty) fruits, can also be used to create hedges and to strengthen the slopes and slopes of the site. Sea buckthorn is sometimes called "Russian pineapple". It has a very exotic, original appearance.
Appearance
- a large, voluminous shrub, grows rather slowly, but can grow up to about 4-6 m in height, with a crown diameter of about 3-5 meters. It has an irregular, asymmetric cover and sprawling, taut, woody branches that are covered with a smooth, brownish bark. The branches are covered with thin, hard and fairly sharp thorns. Sea buckthorn forms dense, tangled thickets, and thanks to the numerous processes of the root system, this shrub grows quite widely.
Sea buckthorn is a seasonal plant. The leaves develop in spring and are an interesting decoration of the plant - gray-green above, silvery below, gently covered with villi, 7 cm long, narrow and hard.
Flowers appear even before the development of the leaves (March-April), they are small, yellow-green, smell quite characteristic, but do not have too much decorative value. Sea buckthorn dioecious plant There are male and female specimens. The fruits appear only on female individuals, but in order to reach dusting, at a close distance from each other, at least two types of shrubs must grow. After pollination, fruits appear on the female bushes - small, spherical, orange drupes that begin to ripen in August, but they fully ripen only in October. Sea buckthorn fruits are edible, but they can only be harvested after the first frost (previously very tart). Gloves must be used during harvest due to the thorns. If they are not collected, they will hang on the bush until the very spring, being food and treats for birds. Sea buckthorn is directly covered with fruits, this is also an interesting decorative element in the garden.
Growing conditions
Sea buckthorn requires a sunny site. Bushes planted in the shade wither away. This plant prefers light soil, sandy, permeable and fairly dry. It grows very poorly in heavy soil, clayey, wet. But they like high humidity, so it often grows in coastal areas (on dunes and rocks). Shrubs tolerate soil salinity and air pollution, and are also completely frost-resistant.
Sea buckthorn can be planted as in early spring, as well as in autumn. We plant the plant in a hole with a depth and width of about 80 cm. A layer of compost should be placed at the bottom of the hole - then frequent fertilization is not required (this plant lives in symbiosis with bacteria that bind nitrogen with air). If we want to create from sea buckthorn hedge, bushes should be planted at a distance of about 80-100 cm. The earth around the planted bushes must be compacted, and the seedling should be watered abundantly. Plants are watered abundantly during the first 3 years from planting. Mature specimens are fairly drought tolerant. Every year, in the spring, we dig up the ground around the bushes, we fluff it up. Plantings should also be weeded.
If we count on sea buckthorn fruits, then it should be remembered that this plant is dioecious - the dusting of flowers on bushes with female flowers occurs with pollen from the flowers of male bushes. Therefore, for 6-8 female species, at least one male specimen should be planted. Female specimens can only be recognized when they are 3-4 years old and start to bloom - their flower buds are smaller and the total number is less.
Care procedures
Newly planted bushes need to shorten the shoots so that the plant releases new shoots and thickens well - we do this in early spring. A few years after planting, sea buckthorn can be formed in this way. Later, shrubs are not pruned, because they are very poorly restored. We cut out only dry, broken, damaged branches.
Sea buckthorn is growing rapidly and over time it can drown out other plants, so it is worth systematically removing the root shoots, which multiply rapidly. The shoots should be pulled out, not cut off. We do this in late autumn or early summer, when the young roots are not yet stiff.
Shrubs pretty pest resistant , but sometimes or may appear. Weaker plants can be infected with diseases such as fusarium, verticillium.
Sea buckthorn can be propagated seeds(generative reproduction), from root cuttings or escape(vegetative propagation). We sow the seeds in the ground in the fall or stand () and sow in the spring. After 3-4 years, it will be possible to separate the male individuals from the female ones (when they begin to bloom).
root cuttings dig out, cut off (the bush takes root quite finely), and then cut into smaller pieces and placed in penetrating soil, which should be constantly slightly moist. Newly appeared plants are planted in the ground in spring.
vegetative shoot we take at the beginning of summer, they should have a length of about 15-20 cm and several leaf buds. We place them in a mixture of sand and peat, the mixture should be constantly slightly damp, in a bright place, but not in the sun itself. We plant in the ground next spring.
Application and useful properties
Sea buckthorn is suitable for thick, thorny hedges. Looks beautiful in large gardens or woodlands, in urban plantings. It has decorative silvery leaves and very decorative, bright orange edible fruit. sea buckthorn fruits contain vitamins(A, groups B, D, E, F, K, P a lot of vitamin C, which does not break down during cooking, because the plant does not have enzymes that decompose this vitamin), minerals (boron, manganese, iron), and also sugar, carotene, folic acid, tannins, anthocyanins and more. Sea buckthorn can be used in diseases of the digestive system (stomach, liver) respiratory organs, skin diseases . Beneficial effect on the immune system, in addition, counteracts skin aging (seed oil). Medicinal raw materials are fruits and seeds (oil).
The fruits are juicy and fragrant, after frost they become sweeter, suitable for jam, marmalade, marmalade (contain a lot of pectin), puree, jelly, juice, liqueurs. They can also be dried.
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Sea buckthorn or buckthorn (golden tree or Siberian pineapple) is a shrub or small tree from the loch family, which has alternate leaves, simple, monoecious. Sea buckthorn blooms with one-cover regular flowers, each of which has a tubular two- or four-lobed perianth. Each flower has four to eight stamens. The ovary of sea buckthorn is upper and single-celled.
The fruit of a sea buckthorn bush or tree is a drupe-like false berry that develops from the receptacle. The sea buckthorn berry is juicy, inside it has one seed.
The roots of sea buckthorn are numerous. They give a lot of shoots - offspring. The type of sea buckthorn roots is superficial.
The sea buckthorn tree has many angular branches with thorns at the ends. In young shoots, the bark is covered with scales of a silvery hue, adult branches become brown with a hint of rust or black with age.
A bush or tree can reach a height of six meters under ideal soil and natural conditions.
The flowering time of sea buckthorn falls on April - May. Moreover, sea buckthorn can bloom both before the leaves bloom, and after. And the ripening time of fruits - drupes in sea buckthorn falls on August - September.
The taste of a ripe sea buckthorn berry is bitter, but as soon as the first frost hits, the bitterness from the fruits disappears, and the taste becomes sour-sweet, pleasant enough to eat a few fresh berries. Also, sea buckthorn, or rather its fruits, after frost acquires the aroma of fresh pineapple.
Leaves, branches of sea buckthorn are collected for pharmacological purposes at the end of summer, and the bark is collected in early spring. Sea buckthorn berries are harvested immediately after the first frost, in late autumn or early winter.
The method of collecting sea buckthorn berries is special - they are collected by sniffing. At a temperature not lower than minus ten degrees. The shelf life of frozen sea buckthorn berries is six months, no more.
Sea buckthorn grows throughout Ukraine, Russia, and the Caucasus. Ideal habitats for her are the banks of streams, rivers, lakes. Often sea buckthorn forms impassable thickets. This plant is cultivated in gardens and orchards.
Pharmacological properties
Leaves, bark, branches, berries and seeds of a sea buckthorn bush or tree are used as medicinal raw materials. The composition of the leaves and young branches of sea buckthorn includes tannins, dyes, flavonoids. The bark has a high percentage of alkaloids, the fruits contain sugar, organic acids, fatty oil, vitamins B, P, PP, K, C and F, carotene, folic acid, pigments, flavonoids and tannins. There are many sea buckthorn flowers essential oil. The seeds contain fatty oil, tannins, vitamins B1, B2.
Sea buckthorn oil is extremely useful because it has the following qualities: it acts as an anti-inflammatory, epithelizing, bactericidal, granulating and analgesic. It is used to treat radiation skin lesions, bedsores, frostbite, burns, eczema, skin tuberculosis, lichen, trophic ulcer, purulent acne, inflammation of the lips with pus and cracks, nasopharynx, female diseases (endocervicitis, colpitis, cervical erosion, epithelial ectopia).
With the help of suppositories with sea buckthorn oil, inflammation of the anal sphincter, catarrhal and atrophic proctitis, cracks are treated. anus, internal hemorrhoids, chronic enterocolitis.
The use of sea buckthorn oil inside is prescribed for gastric and duodenal ulcers and during radiation therapy for esophageal cancer. Effective oil and atherosclerosis.
Sea buckthorn fruits are included in the diet of medical and dietary nutrition. They are recommended for use in peptic ulcer, beriberi or hypovitaminosis, after infectious diseases, as a means of strengthening the immune system, and after complex operations.
The juice of fresh sea buckthorn berries is applied externally for erosive skin lesions, ulcerative skin lesions. And in order to enhance the therapeutic effect, it is recommended to simultaneously take berries inside.
Sea buckthorn bark also has valuable therapeutic properties. The alcoholic extract of the bark of sea buckthorn buckthorn has a high raoprotective activity, and can significantly retard tissue growth. This is due to the action of serotonin, which is contained in the bark of the sea buckthorn tree. That is why an alcoholic extract of the bark is always prescribed for x-ray therapy in the treatment of malignant tumors.
ethnoscience uses a decoction of bark or leaf infusion of sea buckthorn for diarrhea (inside), rheumatism and gout (baths and poultices).
Since the fruits of sea buckthorn are a whole multivitamin complex, they are recommended to be used as a prevention of diseases of the immune system.
Recipes
It is produced commercially in dosages of fifty, one hundred and two hundred milliliters. It is used for burns, bedsores, radiation skin lesions. Apply to the affected areas with pipettes, gauze swabs. During the change of dressings, the affected areas must be washed from the old oil with a solution of penicillin.
Sea buckthorn oil is also prescribed for radiation anti-cancer therapy. It is taken in a dessert spoon three times a day throughout the course of treatment, and at the end of therapy, the oil continues to be taken for another three weeks.
With sea buckthorn oil, take a teaspoon up to three times a day, half an hour before meals.
In gynecological diseases, sea buckthorn oil is used in the form of gauze and cotton swabs intravaginally. Tampons are changed daily.
Store sea buckthorn oil in a dark and cool place.
Tincture of sea buckthorn fruits.
We take twenty-five grams of dry raw materials, pour a glass of boiling water, insist for four hours, filter.
A decoction of sea buckthorn fruits.
We take twenty grams of dry raw materials, cook in a glass of water for twenty minutes over low heat. We filter. Such a decoction is used for hair loss, externally.
Tincture on the fruits and leaves of sea buckthorn.
We take twenty grams of dry raw materials and insist it for six hours in warm boiled water (one glass). Then we filter the infusion. Take it should be a quarter cup three times a day.
Decoction of leaves and young shoots of sea buckthorn.
Boil ten grams of dry crushed raw materials for twenty minutes in a glass of water over low heat. We filter. Take with a dessert spoon four times a day.
A decoction of sea buckthorn seeds.
We take fifteen grams of dry raw materials, pour a glass of water and boil over low heat for ten minutes. Then we set aside from the fire and let it brew for another two hours. We filter. It is necessary to take a decoction one tablespoon four times a day for constipation.
Sea buckthorn juice.
Fresh leaves and fruits of sea buckthorn are crushed and juice is squeezed out of them. It is necessary to take juice in half a glass with milk (one tablespoon) and honey (teaspoon), three times a day before meals. But, with increased acidity of the stomach, sea buckthorn juice is not recommended.
A decoction of the bark of sea buckthorn.
We take a tablespoon of dry sea buckthorn bark, pour a glass of boiling water, boil for yapti minutes over low heat. Take a decoction for diarrhea in a tablespoon three times a day.
Painkillers from sea buckthorn leaves.
Wrap two to three tablespoons of fresh or dried sea buckthorn leaves in cheesecloth and dip in boiling water for two to three minutes. Then apply to the affected areas of the body.
Contraindications
Any drugs with sea buckthorn buckthorn are contraindicated in case of liver, gallbladder, with a tendency to diarrhea.
