Sea buckthorn buckthorn: description, varietal varieties. Sea buckthorn buckthorn: features and applications Preparing for winter
Buckthorn sea buckthorn is a bright representative of a tree-like shrub, the height of which can reach 9 m. As a rule, it is a multi-stemmed tree, the height of which varies from 3 to 4 m, the crown diameter does not exceed 5 m. and Western Siberia, as well as in the cities of Central Asia. Likes to grow along the banks of water bodies.
Sea buckthorn buckthorn: description and characteristics
Krushina - perennial, more specifically, a dioecious tree. home distinguishing feature sea buckthorn culture - the presence of sharp spikes, which significantly complicate the harvesting process. Most fruit-bearing plants do not have such protection. The trunk of the tree is literally plastered with branches, they are abundantly covered with sharp and hard thorns, each about 2 cm long.
The bark of sea buckthorn is painted in grayish-brown tones. The foliage is elongated, about 8 cm long, linear-lanceolate, entire marginal. A light green color with a characteristic silvery tint is characteristic.
During the flowering of buckthorn trees, flowers of various colors are formed on them. The male flowers are dark brown in color. Each flower can have 4 pistils, all inflorescences are grouped into a spikelet of 10-15 pieces. The length of the spikelet usually does not exceed 1 cm. female flowers, unlike in males, have stamens. They are characterized by a greenish color, inflorescences are grouped into brushes of several pieces. The duration of flowering of sea buckthorn is 2 weeks, starting from the end of April - beginning of May, depending on the region of growth and climatic conditions.
Sea buckthorn
Unripe fruits of sea buckthorn have a green color, as they ripen, they acquire a rich orange color (orange). The fruits are usually miniature and oval in shape. Harvest time approaches in the middle of autumn. From one adult plant, you can collect up to 3 buckets of fruits.
Sea buckthorn is picky, so even in the wild it is able to create impenetrable thickets. Most suitable conditions for growth: sandy soil along river valleys. Sea buckthorn practically does not require care, as it adapts to all growing conditions, and the roots are able to provide themselves with moisture independently from the depths of the soil.
Important! Reproduction of the plant is possible by seedlings, seeds and diversion of root pagons.
There are many varieties of sea buckthorn. The main ones are:
- Sea buckthorn Botanical. The description says that this is a medium-sized cold-resistant plant. Begins to bear fruit after 4-5 years. From an adult tree, it is possible to collect up to 7 kg of fruit. Berries ripen in August. The pulp has a pleasant aroma, it is juicy, sour in taste and tart.
- Sea buckthorn Hikul - deciduous shrub with dense crown. The variety belongs to the male, does not bear fruit itself, but is able to pollinate other varieties. The height of an adult plant can reach 2 m, the diameter of the crown is not more than 1.8 m.
- Sea Buckthorn Leicor- a fairly tall and spreading shrub that bears fruit with attractive edible berries oval shape. The variety is famous for its high content of nutrients and medicinal substances. The variety is female, therefore, they require a male pollinator to form fruits.
Sea Buckthorn Leicor
Chemical composition
In the State Pharmacopoeia (GF), sea buckthorn is listed as a plant with a rich chemical composition, but the amount and concentration of substances depends on the variety, place of growth, climatic conditions. Sea buckthorn has been interested in pharmacognosy for a long time. Scientists in the course of numerous studies have established the components, which led to the massive use of raw materials in the Russian and world markets.
The composition includes a high concentration of vegetable fats without cholesterol, carotonin, which colors the oils orange. It is also worth mentioning the presence of ascorbic acid and vitamins B and P. All of the listed components of sea buckthorn are needed by the human body for full functioning. In addition, sea buckthorn berries contain triterpene substances, folic acid, glucose and phospholipids.
The pharmacopoeia has found many uses for sea buckthorn, such as energy oils and cosmetic preparations, various vitamin supplements.
Fact! Natural sea buckthorn juice is recommended to be introduced into the diet of people who have low stomach acidity, atonic constipation and hypokinesia of the digestive tract.
It is used as an addition to the complex therapy of toxic hepatitis, as well as for the prevention of a large number of diseases.
High-quality sea buckthorn oils are recommended for use in radiation, chemical and thermal burns of the skin, as well as trophic ulcers and bedsores. Before applying to the skin, it is necessary to pre-treat the damaged areas with an antiseptic, then apply a bandage abundantly moistened with sea buckthorn oil. Bandages are changed at least once a day.
Sea buckthorn oil
Contraindications for use
All products of organic origin can cause an allergic reaction in humans, sea buckthorn is no exception. There is a list of contraindications for taking funds based on sea buckthorn oil:
- with diseases of the digestive tract (peptic ulcer, pancreatitis) and high acidity;
- with pathologies of development or diseases of the biliary tract;
- allergic reaction.
Agricultural rules
Cultivation on household plots does not take much time, because it has excellent adaptive properties. When planting sea buckthorn, it is recommended to give preference loose soils high in organic matter and phosphorus. The place should be well lit.
Important! Sea buckthorn does not tolerate digging the ground under the crown. The root system is well developed, therefore, in the process of growth, it does not need to be fertilized.
The optimal time for planting is spring or autumn. The approximate dimensions of the landing pit are 50 * 50 cm. The pit should be prepared in advance by adding superphosphate and humus, as well as wood ash. It is important that the root neck is located 3-5 cm above the ground.
Planting sea buckthorn
Sanitary pruning is best done in early spring before bud break. Up to 5 years, the plant needs to form a crown annually. After 8 years, it is advisable to carry out anti-aging pruning.
All varieties of sea buckthorn have average resistance to diseases and pest attacks. The plant is most susceptible to attacks by sea buckthorn aphids and flies. The most common disease is verticillium wilt. For prevention, it is recommended to periodically irrigate the plant with fungicide solutions.
Sea buckthorn is a unique plant of its kind, which has a large number of advantageous features, since it has a beneficial effect on the human body. Its extracts are widely used in folk and traditional medicine, cosmetology and cooking. However, to get the benefit, you must follow all the rules of use, so as not to harm. The culture is unpretentious, so even a novice gardener can grow it.
Sea buckthorn has medicinal properties due to a large number of active substances, such as vitamins C and E, flavonoids and beta-carotene. Thanks to them, the aging process of the body slows down, the work of the cardiovascular system is stimulated and the body's immunity is strengthened.
Sea buckthorn has medicinal properties due to a large number of active substances, such as vitamins C and E, flavonoids and beta-carotene
Morphology and origin
Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) was described in Tibetan medical books of the 8th century AD. e. IN ancient greece sea buckthorn was fed to horses so that they had a shiny coat, hence its name: hipp - horse, and phaos - glossy. Currently, sea buckthorn is an ornamental shrub in gardens and parks, and more recently it has been grown for food. Several varieties have already been obtained with larger fruits than the wild form, with a pleasant taste without bitterness. The description of its pharmacologically active substances in the laboratory has made it possible to actively use various properties plant extracts from it.
Sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides L.) is a species of plant from the Elaeagnaceae family. It is found in Europe and Asia, up to China, mainly along the coasts. The plant is not demanding on the soil, it can grow on sandy soil. It is resistant to frost and drought, does not like very strong soil salinity, and tolerates air pollution well.
Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) was described in Tibetan medical books of the 8th century AD. e. Plant characteristic: sea buckthorn is a highly branched shrub, less often a low tree, reaching a height of 1.5 to 6 m. appearance reminiscent of fluffy species of willows. Grows slowly. Young shoots of sea buckthorn end with sharp thorns. The bark on the trunk and branches in the longitudinal direction cracks, peels off in pieces, usually dark brown, sometimes black. Kidneys are ovoid, golden-copper hue. Shoots with thorns form lateral branches in the form of thorns of the second row. The leaves are narrow and soft, have a length of up to 7 cm, the edges are slightly bent. Inflorescences are small, on branches until leaves appear - from March to May. Fruit orange color, juicy, fragrant, with a characteristic sour-tart taste. They contain a lot of vitamins (A, B, C and E). Berries remain on the plant all winter until spring. They are tasteless because they contain little sugar. After winter frosts become sweet.
Sea buckthorn is widely distributed in many countries due to low soil requirements, resistance to drought and air pollution, and has great decorative value. The abundantly fruiting bushes are especially beautiful. Under the weight of ripening bright fruits, the branches bend to the ground and often break.
Sea buckthorn grows well in a sunny place, tolerates low soil salinity, loves calcareous soils. It grows poorly on wet, swampy, cold, heavy, clayey, dense soils.
Ideal for dense, thorny hedges. It looks good in gardens, it is also used when planting urban green spaces. It has decorative, silvery leaves and very picturesque, bright orange berries, which can be a wonderful accent in a winter garden. Besides, sea buckthorn fruits edible, but they should be collected only after the first frost - they will then get rid of the expressive tart taste.
Origin
Sea buckthorn, or buckthorn (lat. Hippophaë rhamnoides) shrub or tree, belongs to the Lokhov family. It grows naturally in Europe and Asia. These plants are resistant to frost, drought, wind, polluted air, and are also not demanding for cultivation. Sea buckthorn can also be used as a home garden plant - it has decorative, silvery-gray leaves, bright (and healthy and tasty) fruits, can also be used to create hedges and to strengthen the slopes and slopes of the site. Sea buckthorn is sometimes called "Russian pineapple". It has a very exotic, original appearance.
Appearance
- a large, voluminous shrub, grows rather slowly, but can grow up to about 4-6 m in height, with a crown diameter of about 3-5 meters. It has an irregular, asymmetric cover and sprawling, taut, woody branches that are covered with a smooth, brownish bark. The branches are covered with thin, hard and fairly sharp thorns. Sea buckthorn forms dense, tangled thickets, and thanks to the numerous processes of the root system, this shrub grows quite widely.
Sea buckthorn is a seasonal plant. The leaves develop in spring and are an interesting decoration of the plant - gray-green above, silvery below, gently covered with villi, 7 cm long, narrow and hard.
Flowers appear even before the development of the leaves (March-April), they are small, yellow-green, smell quite characteristic, but do not have too much decorative value. Sea buckthorn dioecious plant There are male and female specimens. The fruits appear only on female individuals, but in order to reach dusting, at a close distance from each other, at least two types of shrubs must grow. After pollination, fruits appear on the female bushes - small, spherical, orange drupes that begin to ripen in August, but they fully ripen only in October. Sea buckthorn fruits are edible, but they can only be harvested after the first frost (previously very tart). Gloves must be used during harvest due to the thorns. If they are not collected, they will hang on the bush until the very spring, being food and treats for birds. Sea buckthorn is directly covered with fruits, this is also an interesting decorative element in the garden.
Growing conditions
Sea buckthorn requires a sunny site. Bushes planted in the shade wither away. This plant prefers light soil, sandy, permeable and fairly dry. It grows very poorly in heavy soil, clayey, wet. But they like high humidity, so it often grows in coastal areas (on dunes and rocks). Shrubs tolerate soil salinity and air pollution, and are also completely frost-resistant.
Sea buckthorn can be planted both in early spring and autumn. We plant the plant in a hole with a depth and width of about 80 cm. A layer of compost should be placed at the bottom of the hole - then frequent fertilization is not required (this plant lives in symbiosis with bacteria that bind nitrogen with air). If we want to create from sea buckthorn hedge, bushes should be planted at a distance of about 80-100 cm. The earth around the planted bushes must be compacted, and the seedling should be watered abundantly. Plants are watered abundantly during the first 3 years from planting. Mature specimens are fairly drought tolerant. Every year, in the spring, we dig up the ground around the bushes, we fluff it up. Plantings should also be weeded.
If we count on sea buckthorn fruits, then it should be remembered that this plant is dioecious - the dusting of flowers on bushes with female flowers occurs with pollen from the flowers of male bushes. Therefore, for 6-8 female species, at least one male specimen should be planted. Female specimens can only be recognized when they are 3-4 years old and start to bloom - their flower buds are smaller and the total number is less.
Care procedures
Newly planted bushes need to shorten the shoots so that the plant releases new shoots and thickens well - we do this in early spring. A few years after planting, sea buckthorn can be formed in this way. Later, shrubs are not pruned, because they are very poorly restored. We cut out only dry, broken, damaged branches.
Sea buckthorn is growing rapidly and over time it can drown out other plants, so it is worth systematically removing the root shoots, which multiply rapidly. The shoots should be pulled out, not cut off. We do this in late autumn or early summer, when the young roots are not yet stiff.
Shrubs pretty pest resistant , but sometimes or may appear. Weaker plants can be infected with diseases such as fusarium, verticillium.
Sea buckthorn can be propagated seeds(generative reproduction), from root cuttings or escape(vegetative propagation). We sow the seeds in the ground in the fall or stand () and sow in the spring. After 3-4 years, it will be possible to separate the male individuals from the female ones (when they begin to bloom).
root cuttings dig out, cut off (the bush takes root quite finely), and then cut into smaller pieces and placed in penetrating soil, which should be constantly slightly moist. Newly appeared plants are planted in the ground in spring.
vegetative shoot we take at the beginning of summer, they should have a length of about 15-20 cm and several leaf buds. We place them in a mixture of sand and peat, the mixture should be constantly slightly damp, in a bright place, but not in the sun itself. We plant in the ground next spring.
Application and useful properties
Sea buckthorn is suitable for thick, thorny hedges. Looks beautiful in large gardens or woodlands, in urban plantings. It has decorative silvery leaves and very decorative, bright orange edible fruits. sea buckthorn fruits contain vitamins(A, groups B, D, E, F, K, P a lot of vitamin C, which does not break down during cooking, because the plant does not have enzymes that decompose this vitamin), minerals (boron, manganese, iron), and also sugar, carotene, folic acid, tannins, anthocyanins and more. Sea buckthorn can be used in diseases of the digestive system (stomach, liver) respiratory organs, skin diseases . Beneficial effect on the immune system, in addition, counteracts skin aging (seed oil). Medicinal raw materials are fruits and seeds (oil).
The fruits are juicy and fragrant, after frost they become sweeter, suitable for jam, marmalade, marmalade (contain a lot of pectin), puree, jelly, juice, liqueurs. They can also be dried.
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Sea buckthorn fruits are a storehouse of vitamins and minerals. Due to the unique composition of the berries, they are used for the production of medicines on an industrial scale, and some recipes for home first aid kit have come down to us through the ages.
Other names for sea buckthorn are dereza, wax, jida. In nature, there are two varieties of this plant - sea buckthorn and loose-leaved. The first variety is usually cultivated.
Where can you find sea buckthorn?
Under natural conditions, it grows along the banks of reservoirs on sandy soils and pebbles, in the mountains. Widely distributed in Siberia, almost everywhere in Europe and in the temperate climate zone of Asia, can be found in the mountainous regions of China, Pakistan and India.
Sea buckthorn plantations are used to fix road slopes, ravines, sands, to create hedges, as ornamental plant and in order to obtain a harvest of fruits.
Photo from: pixabay.com The composition and value of sea buckthorn
The value of sea buckthorn lies in its unique composition, rich in various biologically active substances. In combination with a low calorie content, this berry is great for inclusion in the diet for dietary and clinical nutrition.
The fruits are extremely rich in carotenoids. The brighter, darker the color of the berries, the higher their content.
It also contains vitamin K in small amounts.
From the list of water-soluble vitamins: C, PP, vitamins of group B.
Of the minerals in sea buckthorn berries are present: iron, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, magnesium, calcium.
The leaves and bark of sea buckthorn are also valuable. medicinal raw materials. They contain tannins and serotonin, which have a stimulating effect on nervous system and inhibitory to the growth of cancer cells.
Use for preventive and therapeutic purposes
Sea buckthorn is known as medicinal plant long time ago. True, it was originally discovered as a means of giving an external gloss to horses. Currently, sea buckthorn has gained wide use in medicine, both folk and official.
IN preventive purposes fresh berries are used as an immunostimulant and to compensate for the deficiency of vitamins and trace elements. They have a strengthening effect on the cardiovascular system (prevention of atherosclerosis) and reduce the risk of thrombosis.
The fruits have a sour taste, so they are often consumed in the form of juice. Berries pureed with sugar are added to teas, cocktails, desserts.
Sea buckthorn fruit and seed oil has pronounced regenerating and anti-inflammatory properties. It is used externally for the treatment of burns, lesions of the mucous membranes and skin, stimulation of recovery processes in the postoperative period.
Sea buckthorn oil is prescribed for oral administration for gastritis and peptic ulcer.
Extracts and extracts from fruits and leaves are widely used not only in medicines, but also in cosmetics.
Precautionary measures
Sea buckthorn and preparations based on it should be used with caution in exacerbations of diseases of the gallbladder and liver. It is also not recommended to use fruits with urolithiasis and increased secretion gastric juice due to the high content of acids.
Harvesting methods
Harvesting of berries is carried out during the ripening period in autumn or winter of already frozen fruits. Beneficial features berries are maximally preserved throughout the year. Soaked sea buckthorn berries, due to the high content of acids, can be stored in the refrigerator for several months. You can only dry berries harvested before frost, with intact skin.
Leaves and bark can be harvested throughout the year, but spring harvest is most effective. They are best kept dry.
The raw material for the production of sea buckthorn oil can be both whole fruits and cake remaining after squeezing the juice. It can be dried or frozen and used as needed to make a fresh serving of healing oil.
The easiest way to get 100% natural sea buckthorn oil is cold pressed. Received with the help of a juicer, the juice settles for 2-3 days in a cool, dark place. A small amount of oil will collect on the surface. It must be collected with a pipette or spoon. Store in the refrigerator for no more than six months. It is most suitable for cosmetic purposes, but the yield of the finished product is very small.
A drop of sea buckthorn oil regular cream will help keep the skin young and healthy, protect it from chapping and dryness, and rubbing it into the scalp before washing the hair will strengthen it and give it a special gloss.
To emphasize the taste of sea buckthorn juice, it is better to add sugar to it and dilute it with boiled water at the rate of: a glass of water and 4 tablespoons of granulated sugar for 3 glasses of pure juice.
Hippophae rhamnoides L.
Taxon: The genus Sea buckthorn (Hippophae) is a family of suckers (Elaeagnaceae).
Folk names: Siberian pineapple, wax, jida, dereza, golden tree, ivotern, buckthorn
English: Sea Buckthorn
Description:
Shrub 3-5 m high, branched, prickly, with gray bark. The leaves are short-petiolate, linear-lanceolate, green above, silvery-white below. The plant is dioecious: on some bushes there are only staminate small greenish-brown flowers collected in short spikelets, while on others there are only pistillate flowers on short peduncles of 2-5, sometimes up to 11. The fruit is a spherical drupe with a juicy pericarp (it is usually wrong called a berry). Blooms in April - May, before the leaves bloom. Fruiting from late August to early October.
It grows in valleys and floodplains, along rocks and cliffs, and is also cultivated in gardens in the southwestern regions of the European part of Russia, the Caucasus, Siberia and Central Asia.
Collection and preparation:
Leaves are harvested in May; fruits - after their ripening.
Sea buckthorn is harvested after the first frost, when it is relatively easy to shake off the fruits from the trunk and branches, or special devices are used to collect fruits. At home, sea buckthorn berries are harvested by grinding with sugar, dried, frozen fresh, cooked compotes and jams.
Chemical composition:
Sea buckthorn fruits contain carotene (up to 60 mg%), cryptoxanthin, z-xanthine, physalene, organic acids (up to 2.64% - malic and tartaric), sugars (up to 4%), tannins, isorhamnetin, folic acid and fatty oil (up to 8%), which includes glycerides of oleic, stearic, linoleic and palmitic acids. Fruits contain a variety of vitamins (C, B1, B2, E, etc.) and are one of the best natural vitamin carriers.
medicinal properties:
Sea buckthorn fruits and sea buckthorn oil reduce pain and stop inflammation, accelerate granulation and epithelialization of tissues, promote rapid wound healing and have a bactericidal and multivitamin effect.
Sea buckthorn oil is used both for oral and external use. It has an analgesic effect, wound healing and anti-inflammatory properties, is used in the practice of surgical, burn and gynecological clinics. Sea buckthorn oil is good for treating burns. Good results are obtained by the use of sea buckthorn oil in diseases such as psoriasis, neurodermatitis. Treats bedsores, trophic ulcers, purulent wounds, burns. In the treatment of uterine erosion and inflammatory diseases, tampons richly moistened with sea buckthorn oil are used.
By consuming sea buckthorn regularly and in small quantities, you can avoid many diseases and support the body in the winter.
Diseases of the teeth, gums and mucous membranes oral cavity also treated with sea buckthorn oil. Sea buckthorn oil is indispensable for rhinitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, tonsillitis. To people suffering inflammatory diseases gums, periodontal disease, it is useful to conduct a course of sea buckthorn application. Sea buckthorn oil stimulates regenerative processes in damaged tissues, regulates metabolism.
Use in official medicine:
Sea buckthorn leaves accumulate tannins, which are the active principle medicinal product- hyporamine, which has antiviral activity. Obtained from the leaves of sea buckthorn, hyporamine in the form of lozenges is used as a therapeutic and prophylactic agent for influenza (A and B), as well as in the treatment of other acute respiratory viral infections.
The oil has wound healing and analgesic properties, it is used to treat psoriasis, Darier's disease, burns, frostbite, eczema, ulcerative lupus, poorly healing wounds, cracks, some diseases of the eyes, ear, throat, as a vitamin remedy for hypo- and beriberi, with peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, radiation injuries of the body, as a prophylactic to reduce generative changes in the mucous membranes of the esophagus and stomach due to radiation therapy of tumors, as well as in gynecological practice for colpitis, endocervitis and erosion of the cervix. It has a nutritional, anti-inflammatory, regenerating and biostimulating effect, is included in the preparations Olazol, Hypozol and Oblekol.
In cosmetics, nourishing masks are prepared from sea buckthorn oil, which accelerate the epithelization and granulation of skin tissues; a decoction of fruits and branches is used for baldness and hair loss.
Seeds are used as a lung. Outwardly, sea buckthorn fruits and oil are used for rashes, eczema, for the treatment of long-term healing wounds, ulcers, and women's diseases.
Application:
Decoction: 100 g of fruits and branches of sea buckthorn in 500 ml of water are boiled for 5 minutes, filtered after cooling. Take 150 ml 3 times a day and wash your hair with another 1 dose at night.
Oil: 100 g of sea buckthorn fruits, freed from juice, dried and ground into powder, infused for 300 ml of olive oil for 3 weeks in a warm and dark place, filtered and stored in a dark bowl in a cool place. Applied externally for various skin diseases, ulcers that do not heal for a long time, radiation damage to the skin and mucous membranes. Inside, the oil is taken a few drops 3 times a day for scurvy and as a multivitamin remedy.
From the leaves of sea buckthorn make poultices for rheumatism.
In cosmetic practice, sea buckthorn juice is used as an emollient, tonic, nourishing and skin firming agent.
Sea buckthorn fruits are eaten raw, and are also used to make jelly, jam, jam, liqueurs, tinctures.
When and duodenal ulcer 30-40 minutes before meals, one tsp is prescribed. sea buckthorn oil 2-3 times a day. Diseases of the rectum are treated using suppositories with sea buckthorn oil. Sea buckthorn oil is recommended for patients with atherosclerosis. It lowers the amount of cholesterol in the blood and reduces the number of angina attacks.
Infusion and juice of sea buckthorn berries are used for vitamin deficiencies, anemia and pain in the stomach. Infusion of leaves - for rheumatism and gout. A decoction of the seeds is a good laxative. Sea buckthorn is a real anti-cold elixir.
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