A Brief History of Industrial Design. Industrial Design - What is Heli-on Miniature Solar Panel

There are countless professions in the world of design, one of the most versatile, interesting and multifaceted is industrial design. Such specialists are responsible for creating everything around: appliances, furniture, household items, dishes, cars, yachts, and even mobile applications.

If you manage to combine logical thinking and creativity, and the desire to make this world a little better and more beautiful does not leave for a minute, then you should think about a career in the field of industrial design. Such work requires professional training, which implies a Bachelor's or Master's degree.

The Marangoni Institute offers a specialized education in the Bachelor's program "Industrial Design" and the Master's program "Vehicle Design" and "Italian Industrial Design". During the training, students: study the history of art; learn to develop ideas for new products and create them; delve into the business component of the industry in order not just to come up with something beautiful, but in demand and in line with the latest or future trends. Upon graduation, they are 100% ready to work and start a successful career in the international market.

But before applying for admission, let's find out a little more about this promising profession.

Features of work

Typically, industrial designers specialize in one product or service. Although there are no limits and boundaries, it all depends on the desire to learn and develop in different directions. The only thing that is mandatory for everyone is the creation of products that meet the requirements: easy to use, well-functioning, cost-effective to produce, attractive appearance.

Depending on the project, the scope of work may vary, but the main tasks of an industrial designer are:

discussion with the client of his wishes and preparation of a brief;

• studying the operation of existing products and services;
• development of ideas, initial drawings and sketches;
• deciding on the choice of suitable materials and resources;
• computer modeling of the product and the creation of detailed drawings;
• production of prototypes;
• product or service testing;
• finalization and start of production.

At all stages of work, the designer must interact with engineers, modellers, marketers and other members of the development team.

Working hours and income

Most often, such specialists work according to a standard schedule from 9.00 to 18.00 (30-40 hours a week), although the creative process sometimes requires additional time.

In Europe, novice designers can receive from 15 to 22,000 euros per year, more experienced 25-34,000, salaries of "experienced" start from 42,000 euros.

Training and professional development

We already wrote above that in order to work, you need to get an education. But having a diploma does not cancel the continuation of education. Industrial designers have to learn all their lives: take refresher courses, take highly specialized programs, read magazines, books, websites and blogs. It is worth joining design associations, visiting specialized exhibitions and events.

Skills, interests and personal qualities

• creative ideas and a logical approach for their development;
• the ability to express ideas through drawings and 3D models;
• property understanding various materials and production methods;
• ability to plan and organize a project at all stages;
• Ability to budget and work within a budget;
• good communication skills;
• ability to write clear and concise reports;
• creative approach to problem solving;
• ability to work in a team and exchange ideas with colleagues.

Possibilities

Industrial designers are in demand in a wide variety of industries and commerce. For example, they work as part of a new product development team in toy factories or furniture production. In addition, they can act as consultants or collaborate with a wide variety of brands on a freelance basis.

By gaining work experience, industrial designers have the opportunity to become a creative director or head a project management department. Modern technologies brought this profession to a new level, having knowledge of ergonomics, functionality and external beauty of the product, designers can work on the development of mobile applications and websites. More and more of them are contributing to the online world and becoming UX designers.

To learn more about studying at the Bachelor's and Master's programs in the field of industrial design at the Marangoni Institute, please contact the consultants of the official representative office -

Interior design, interfaces, virtual reality, interiors, clothes. Industrial, graphic, industrial design - this profession has dozens of specializations, which means dozens of categories of specialists. Professional specialization affects the capabilities of an employee: a web interface designer will not be able to visualize a residential building project in 3D and create a concept for a future car unless he acquires additional skills. This profession is covered with many rumors, myths and stereotypes. Let's find out the truth about her.

Designer - who is it? Description of the profession

A designer is a specialist in creating layouts of the surrounding reality. It can be real or virtual, it can be implemented or remain a concept.

The designer does not draw - the artists draw. At the same time, he uses drawing as a tool, visualizing ideas and projects.

The main difference between a specialist and an artist lies in the practical application of his work. The painter can depict any surreal interior and he does not care what furniture and how it will be located there. The designer, on the other hand, pursues other goals - people will live in the interiors designed by him.

Therefore, to obtain a profession, it is not enough to graduate from an art school - professional training and specialization are necessary. At the same time, society is constantly trying to neutralize the value of a specialist’s skills, because every second one is “a designer for himself”. People take 2-week courses, master the basic functionality of the 3D max program and create interiors that are impossible to live in. Customers pay for their work, see the horror on the face of the builders and receive uncomfortable, non-functional, impractical premises, losing confidence in the profession. If you decide to get a specialty and show professionalism, then you may join the struggle for high-quality design, which is so lacking in all areas of human life.

Types of design and responsibilities of specialists

The designer's range of tasks is limited not only by his professional skills, but also by the chosen specialization. Of course, you can master 2, 3 or more directions, but it is extremely difficult to do this. Do you often meet surgeons who are also pediatricians? Most likely no. Although both specialists are doctors, the direction of activity determines the duties of a specialist. So it is in design. The most popular specializations are:

• Interior designer. The inhabitants understand the profession as the ability to pick up and beautifully arrange furniture in the room. Sometimes - choose a wallpaper. The same is seen in their tasks by “specialists” who have completed 10-day courses. In fact, the profession of an interior designer is much more difficult. The ideal direction for training is a designer-architect. The interior is everything inside. Not only furniture and decoration, but also lighting, communications, architectural groups. A specialist must create not only beautiful, but also functional interior. He must think over the decoration, furniture, location lighting fixtures, passage of communications and installation of equipment. He must develop a concept of a room in which it will be convenient to live or work, which will solve the tasks set.
• Web designer or interface designer. One of the most sought after jobs. Have you noticed how sites of the same subject with approximately the same structure can differ from each other? On some, everything is clear and accessible, on others it is impossible to find the necessary information, and even a phone number. Design is the first thing a user sees on a site, a visual reflection of the functionality and positioning of a web resource. It is not enough to create beautiful picture– it is important to consider how the site will be laid out when transferring the layout to the frontend developer, how user-friendly it will be, how the functionality will be implemented, how the corporate identity of the company will be presented, how page conversion will be achieved. The profession of a web designer requires an understanding of the principles of the site and the implementation of options. Here you need not so much to be able to draw beautifully, but to know the basics of development. It is very important to be able to communicate not only with clients, but also with programmers.
• Graphic Designer. De facto, this is the specialist who creates the shell. Typography, corporate identity and logos, navigation systems, visual solutions for packaging and media are the most popular areas of activity. The key task of the shell is to fulfill its purpose. Attract, sell, promote the brand. At the same time, it is necessary to remember about practical value each item. How convenient this packaging for a chocolate bar or box for sweets will be, how it will be implemented in the industry, whether the chosen colors and fonts will be pleasing to the eye of the beholder, whether the corporate identity will become recognizable - all this depends on the specialist, his talent and professionalism.
• landscape designer. In fact, he also performs the tasks of the designer, being responsible for the complex creation of the landscape. And at the same time, it is necessary to master the skills of an agronomist, engineer and artist. How convenient the landscape will be from a practical point of view, how communications will take place, whether the given aesthetics will be individual and harmonious, whether the flowers, trees and shrubs recommended for planting will eventually take root - a specialist must answer each of these questions.
• Industrial designer. This is an industrial design, which is responsible for the implementation of projects for large-scale production. A striking example- Automotive industry. Once developed, the design of the car will affect the fate of millions of people who buy it from the manufacturer. Here it is important to take into account not only aesthetics, but also engineering systems, ergonomics, practicality, compliance with functional features. Industrial design is inseparable from reality even when creating concepts for the implementation of which science has not yet found the right tools.

These are just the most popular and sought-after destinations. The design doesn't end there.

Moreover, many areas are just emerging and will be intensively developed. If a fashion designer (clothing designer) is the present, then the creator of a virtual habitat is the near future. Each of the areas of the profession is relevant and promising. According to experts, interest in specialties will only continue to grow in the coming years.

Where to get a job as a designer? TOP-5 universities

It would not be superfluous to graduate from art school, but if you didn’t do it in a timely manner, it’s okay. It will give significant advantages only before admission, where drawing and composition are usually present as an exam. However, many universities are moving away from this - it is necessary to clarify the list of entrance examinations in advance. To get a professional education, it is better to choose a reputable university that provides training in specific areas.

1. St. Petersburg State University.
2. Moscow State University Lomonosov.
3. St. Petersburg Institute of Design and Arts.
4. Moscow University of Design and Business.
5. St. Petersburg Polytechnic University.

The rating should not be taken as the ultimate truth, since a lot depends on the specialization. It is better to study interior design at a university with, web interfaces - with an emphasis on IT, clothes - with an emphasis on creative and artistic specialties. At the same time, the authority of domestic universities does not determine future success, which cannot be said about. Fashion designers trained in France and Italy, or industrial design professionals trained in Germany, have significant employment advantages.

What personal qualities do you need to have

• Logical thinking. You will create not a picture, but projects of reality. Therefore, it is important to be able to think logically and take into account a lot of aspects within the framework of specialization.
• Individuality. It fuses with creativity and helps generate unique ideas that make your design stand out.
• Attentiveness. One mistake made in web design will turn into sleepless weeks for the layout designer, in creating interiors - a complete violation of its functionality.
• perseverance. You will not become an artist who can wait years for inspiration - you will work within a rigidly stipulated deadline. Therefore, it is important to have perseverance and performance.
• Developed intellect. It is important to be able to penetrate into the direction in which you are engaged and understand what will reflect and visualize your design.

How to build a career and succeed

The presentation of the profession immediately loses its attractiveness and the image of "pure creativity" if it is filled with semantic realities. Think about what is behind the usual logo of a large company, because it is a very expensive corporate property (think Nike or Mercedes-Benz). Behind the approved picture are the most complex marketing research, analysis or creation of a corporate identity, dozens of ideas thrown into the trash can and hundreds of sketches.

You only if you do not build illusions and perceive the design as a picture. You need to get a quality education within the chosen direction and continue learning throughout your life. It is necessary to master a lot of software and technical tools, in particular illustrators and visualizers - specialists have not worked with paper for a long time.

Ideally, if you manage to get an education in an elite foreign university. If not, settle for an affordable university or college, continue your professional development, and strive to gain as much experience as possible. Learn from your own mistakes, do not sit too long in one workplace, attend seminars and trainings, participate in professional competitions. Stay in touch with the global community, study trends and trends, while maintaining your own individuality.

Pros and cons of being a designer

There are many advantages and disadvantages in this profession. Many of them are conditional, most refer only to employees with little experience or frankly average qualifications. That is why we will pay attention to the average pros and cons in order to be at least somewhat objective in the analysis.

pros profession designer:

• Demanded, relevant and promising profession.
• Decent wages for qualified professionals.
• Unlimited opportunities for good earnings on freelancing.
• Interesting, somewhat creative work.
• A real opportunity to improve the surrounding reality.

Minuses profession designer:

• A challenging job that requires understanding of the industry.
• Often subjective, incompetent assessment of work.
• Low salaries for specialists without a name, qualifications, experience.
• Lack of instructions for solving specific problems.
• Almost always irregular working hours.

It is worth noting that it is the subjective assessment that is noted by most specialists as a key drawback of the profession.

Even with vast experience and high qualifications, you will constantly encounter misunderstandings from customers, engineers and builders. This cannot be avoided even by specialists whose works have been repeatedly noted by the world community.

How much do designers in Russia and abroad earn

The salary depends on the direction of the profession, on experience, the degree of proficiency in software and technical tools, on the region, personal brand and many other factors.

In any case, the sum will be average temperature in the hospital." However, indicators can serve as guidelines. On average, Russian specialists receive 33-35 thousand rubles, in Moscow - 37-43 thousand, in the regions the minimum wages are 12-15 thousand rubles.

Interface designers earn the most (90-100 thousand), followed by 3D designers (93 thousand), web designers (85 thousand), interior designers (73 thousand), furniture (65 thousand) and landscape designers (62 thousand). Specialists from European countries almost always get more. If we consider the same interface designer, then in the USA he receives an average of 3 thousand dollars a month, in Canada - 2.7 thousand, in Germany 3.9 thousand euros.

Summary

When students in grades 7-9 write an essay on the topic “My future profession is a designer”, they do not always realize the completeness of the tasks of a specialist. Before entering a university, study the pros and cons. Understand that this is not only drawing - it is, first of all, the design of reality, real or virtual. This is a difficult job, which often does not find an objective assessment. You will need experience, constant learning, and long-term work on your personal brand to be successful.

Evgenia Melnikova

Editor of the Info-Profi portal, a teacher with 16 years of experience, a practicing tutor.

industrial designer is a specialist who studies ready-made market samples and creates a high-quality prototype. The profession is suitable for those who are interested in drawing and drafting (see choosing a profession for interest in school subjects).

He does not develop innovative products, is not responsible for the quality of designs, but improves the items that we use every day.

Short description

Representatives of this profession must be distinguished by mathematical thinking and have a creative approach to work. After all, this specialty combines 3 popular areas at once:

• marketing;
• art and design;
• modern technologies.

The direction combines science and creativity, therefore, to master this profession, you need to get a higher education.

Features of the profession

In higher education institutions and educational courses future industrial designers are taught how to create more comfortable, beautiful, practical and safe things. Most often, these specialists choose for themselves one or more similar areas, although you can work with different subjects if you have the time and desire to learn.

Direct industrial modeling consists of several stages:

• discussion of the project with the customer;
• careful study of existing products and all available information about them (3D models, technical documentation, drawings);
• development of the concept and its transfer to the sketch format;
• after that, the specialist must select necessary materials and technology to create a product;
• creation of a 3D model;
• if the customer approves the model, then the process of prototyping and testing begins;
• in the absence of problems, refinement, re-testing and launch of the improved product / service into production are carried out.

During these processes, the industrial designer works closely with the engineers, marketers, chemists, biologists, and other professionals who are involved in the project.

The main goal of the work is to create an improved product that will enjoy consumer interest. It must also be functional, safe and cost-effective.

Pros and cons of the profession

pros

• Industrial design is one of the highest paying industries in this segment.
• The work is difficult, but quite interesting.
• Career prospects.
• Specialists of this profession are in demand both in Russia and abroad.
• You can get an education in any region of the Russian Federation.
• A representative of the profession examines already finished products, so he only needs to improve them.
• You can work remotely or in the office, which makes the profession more attractive.

Minuses

• The work is nervous, and the specialist is tied to the requirements of the customer and the market.
• The work can take a lot of time, because the customer sets a deadline, and if the designer does not have time, then he will have to work day and night.
• In small towns, it is difficult for a specialist of this profile to find a job.
• It is necessary to work a lot at the computer, which can adversely affect the state of health, in particular vision.
• You need to constantly improve your knowledge by studying different areas (design, materials science, marketing, and others).

Personal qualities

• Creativity and mathematical mindset.
• A penchant for analysis.
• Knowledge of foreign language.
• The desire to understand the intricacies of the goods, not losing sight of the little things.
• Skill to work in team.
• Ability to hear and analyze the ideas and comments of colleagues.
• The desire to create something new.
• Minimum knowledge of the field of activity of accountants, because representatives of this profession may be required to draw up an estimate and develop a project within a strict budget.

Industrial designer training

Representatives of this profession should be trained throughout their lives, but it is worth starting with obtaining higher education in a specialized educational institution (specialty code 54.03.01). The competition is quite large, upon admission you need USE results in general subjects. During admission, you will need to pass an additional exam in the Russian language, social studies and a creative competition, for example, it can be a drawing or composition. Admission requirements depend on the institution of higher education. Form of study: full-time.

On this course, you can get the profession of an industrial designer remotely in 1-3 months. Diploma of professional retraining of the standard established by the state. Fully distance learning. largest educational institution additional prof. education in Russia.

universities

Place of work

A professional industrial designer will find work in any enterprise that creates products - these are factories for the production of clothing, furniture, dishes and others. Also, representatives of the profession are in demand in companies that specialize in the development and creation of websites, mobile applications and other types of software.

Salary

Salary as of 03/17/2020

Russia 25000—60000 ₽

Moscow 40000—150000 ₽

An industrial designer can officially find a job in a public or private company, and he can also look for customers in the domestic and foreign markets, working as a freelancer. Wage specialist depends on his experience and the direction he has chosen (technology, products for domestic use, household chemicals and others).

Career

A specialist can get his first experience while working as a freelancer, at the same time he must prepare his own portfolio. After 1-1.5 years, the designer can apply for a solid position and official employment.

This is one of the most successful areas of design, because representatives of the profession can count on career growth. After just a few years of fruitful and high-quality work, an industrial designer can lead a department, take the position of creative director, which will positively affect his salary.

Also, designers working in this direction can give lessons and advice, which can be the first step towards creating your own school.

Professional knowledge

A specialist should be able to draw well, using both a regular pencil and modern programs for 3D visualization and design:

• Solid Edge;
• Pro/Engineer and others.

Also, the designer must know everything about computer modeling, types of materials, packaging features of different product groups. It is important to be able to draw up an estimate, correct the mistakes of other team members and study technical documentation in a foreign language.

Notable people in this profession

1. Victor Papanek.
2. Karim Rashid.
3. Maarten van Severen.
4. Michael Thonet.
5. Eero Aarnio.

The phrase "industrial design" is now on everyone's lips. But, the idea that this is all completely different. Industrial design is the same type of creative activity as ordinary design, but the objects of industrial design are most often industrial household products.

Manufacturing companies today have to resort to various tricks in order to withstand competition and adequately present their product on consumer market. Interesting and high-quality design of an industrial product - effective way stand out from competitors and interest the consumer. The task of industrial design is to designate the exterior, structural and functional features objects to which industrial design techniques are directed. Industrial design items include dishes and other kitchen utensils, household and industrial appliances, furniture, equipment, and even high-tech and science-intensive products. Industrial design options include today's popular automotive and transportation designs.

Thus, industrial design is not only the art of combining design with technology, but also a marketing tool.

A professional who creates a design for an industrial product must be an artist, a designer, and a process engineer at the same time. After all, industrial design requires you to apply your creative imagination so that the technological meaning of the final product is not violated.

The process of artistic design itself consists of 8 stages:

Formation of the main idea

Concept development

Working with sketches

Prototyping

3D modeling

Visualization

Engineering design

Creation of a prototype

The task of a professional is to lead an industrial design object through the preliminary seven stages so that the eighth production stage passes without delay and produces the final result according to the main idea.

The copyright for the design concept and the main ideas of the industrial product belongs to the designer, except as otherwise specified in the contract. In accordance with Article 27 of the Law of the Russian Federation on Copyright and Related Rights No. 5351-I ": copyright is valid for life and 70 years after his death; copyright, the right to a name and protection of reputation remain indefinitely. In addition, the designer has the right to demonstrate author's works in the portfolio in order to attract the attention of new customers.

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There is a sphere of artistic and technical activity, the purpose of which is to determine the formal characteristics of industrial products - this is industrial design. This industry plays an important role in the structure of global manufacturing companies involved in the manufacture of cars, household appliances, communication devices and other consumer products.

Historical information

The first specialists in the field of industrial technology and design appeared in Great Britain in the 13th century. At that time, the production of fabrics was actively developing. As for the definition of decoration itself, it was first mentioned in 1919. The founder of the school was a German architect.

Industrial design began to really develop in the second half of the 20th century, when a special board was organized in the USA, the members of which formed a clear definition of this direction. According to them, this is a creative activity, pursuing the goal of improving the external data of produced objects.

Development Basics

Since industrial design is an activity that combines arts and technology, the scope of the consumer sphere is very wide. Developments are underway not only for high-tech products, but also for various knick-knacks. Intellectual property in this area can be protected by obtaining a patent for a particular product.

The development process in this case is divided into certain stages:

• search for an idea;
• choice of concept;
• creating sketches;
• modeling in three-dimensional editors;
• object visualization;
• model construction;
• prototype implementation.

The designers themselves usually have degrees in engineering, mechanics, and fine arts. Many modern specialists graduate from specialized industrial design universities. They are not involved in the creation of drawings, are not responsible for the functioning of inventions. Their task is to optimize the product.

Innovation Strategies with Examples

Every industry needs planning. general development. This is achieved through the introduction of special strategies that determine the future path for and even decades. Industrial design in this case is of particular importance. In this regard, it is necessary to consider the general trends of progress in the sectoral industry with examples.

In a living space, not one, but several devices are usually used that can interact with each other. Therefore, in the production of household appliances, products are not designed separately. The combined approach is often referred to as the socio-technical approach.

It was industrial design that played a significant role in the development of the aircraft industry. This is expressed in the fact that a modern aircraft is capable of performing not only its direct function - transport, but also entertainment. On board airliners, you can now use various means of communication, chat, eat and do much more. When developing, these nuances cannot be ignored.

In the automotive industry, the focus is on maintenance. vehicle. This trend is clearly seen in the construction of educational and entertainment centers in close proximity to various services. Modern manufacturers trying to introduce their product directly into residential infrastructure.

Successful solutions in the field of design innovation are primarily associated with scientific research enabling the development of the industry as a whole. However, today there is some disparity. Often there is no relationship between the specialists of the two areas.

Priority types of industrial design

It was said above that there are a huge number of devices and devices that perform various functions, so they must be classified according to their purpose. A specialist cannot perform his work qualitatively directly in all areas. The main categories are presented in the table.

Benefit for the consumer

All the work of a specialist of the University of Industrial Technology and Design is aimed at the end customer. This has some benefits for the consumer environment. There are several main tasks that can be solved thanks to industrial design:

• comfortable use in various conditions;
• convenient service;
• suitable external data corresponding to fashion trends;
• optimal possibilities in terms of functionality.

The developments of specialists make it possible to determine main reason the success of a particular product. In most cases, the average consumer buys a product that looks good, is easy to use, and is of relatively high quality.

Role in Product Development

Manufacturers used to think about design solutions last. The priority was developed technology, not style and ergonomics. Modern companies, due to high competition, are forced to use additional opportunities in order to take their rightful place in the market.

The result of the successful work of a specialist in creating a product is directly the attractiveness of the product, as well as the satisfaction of the end user. Industrial design is a big investment in product development. However, the investment is repaid through a price premium for each unit of the product produced or through the calculation of the final profit taking into account increased demand.

As for the costs, they consist not only of the cost of the services of specialists. Funds are additionally spent on the implementation of the main elements of the object, as well as on certain studies during long-term development.

The largest educational institution in Russia

St. Petersburg University of Industrial Design will help you learn a useful and highly paid profession. On the territory of Russia, it is the largest. educational institution is a multi-level complex. It includes high schools, educational centers, research institutes and colleges, preparatory faculties.

Petersburg University of Industrial Technologies and Design currently implements more than two hundred educational programs, which are attended by more than 15 thousand students. Preparation is carried out according to different forms learning. There is a correspondence system for obtaining knowledge using distance technologies.

As a conclusion

To create a sketch, industrial designers must engage not only in analytical and artistic activities, but also be able to use modern graphic programs. They allow you to bring concepts to life as efficiently as possible. In fact, there are a lot of applications, but it is recommended to choose those that are popular among developers.