Layout of trees and shrubs in the garden. Placement of plants on the site - the layout of the garden and vegetable garden. Garden layout: landscape design tricks

Being engaged in the arrangement of the land plot, it is necessary to approach its planning with all responsibility. This means not only determining the location of the future home, but also planning the future garden and vegetable garden.

The best option would be drawing up on paper. When drawing up a garden plan, it should be remembered that hearth trees, berry plants, vegetables, ornamental shrubs, and flowers will be grown on the site.

On the plan, it is better to immediately designate separate zones: decorative, fruit and berry and vegetable. The decorative area should be located in close proximity to residential building, and behind it you can arrange an orchard and a vegetable garden.

Choosing a site for an orchard

In order to choose the right place for laying the future orchard, to make the right selection of species and varieties of trees, it is necessary to take into account the natural conditions on the site:

The depth of groundwater should not exceed 1.5 m. Otherwise, to lower the groundwater level, you will have to dig special channels or lay drainage pipes. Trees planted in a site with high groundwater grow poorly, give a small yield, are often subject to fungal diseases and do not withstand winter frosts well.
The acidity of the soil will help determine the plants growing on the site. Those places where cereals and legumes, wild rose, mountain ash, maple, wild pear and apple, oak grow are well suited for laying a garden. If your site has a lot of buttercup, horsetail, sedge, sorrel, this means that the soil is acidic. High acidity can adversely affect the normal growth and development of fruit trees. It can be reduced by adding lime to the soil.
The garden must be protected from cold northern winds.
Study the terrain carefully. The south-western slopes are considered the best for the garden, and the northern ones are the most undesirable. In addition, you should not place the garden at the lowest point of the site, because it is there that cold air will accumulate, which can damage many plants.
Decide on the orientation of the garden relative to the cardinal points. Plantings should receive the maximum amount of solar heat and light and should not be in the shade of buildings or other plantings on the site.

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Planning of fruit and berry plantations

A well-planned orchard and berry garden plan is the key to providing good conditions for plant growth and abundant harvests. When making a plan, you should pay attention to the following points:

You need to choose the types of trees and shrubs taking into account the climatic zone, so it is best to buy seedlings in nurseries located in the same area. In such farms, tree varieties are grown that are zoned for this region.
In order to determine the number of seedlings of each variety, you need to study their yield.
To ensure cross-pollination, it is better to plan next to plant varieties with approximately the same ripening time - this will ensure a good harvest.
To draw up an approximate scheme for planting plants, you need to know what the approximate life expectancy and how long the period of productivity of the selected plants lasts.
When arranging tree varieties, one should take into account the exactingness of a particular fruit tree for illumination. If you arrange the most common breeds in descending order of need for sunlight, we get the following row: apricots, cherries, pears, apple trees, cherries and plums.
When drawing up a plan for an orchard, you need to determine the distances between the trees necessary for their normal growth. For example, for trees on a seed rootstock (apple, cherry, pear), these distances are 5-8 m between rows and 4-5 m between trees in a row. For dwarf varieties, these distances are 3 m between rows and 2 m between apple trees in a row.
By choosing tall trees, the space between them can be temporarily filled with vegetable beds, berries or shrubs, the duration of which is about 10 years of productivity.

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Ornamental Garden Planning

Turning the space near your home into an ideal place to relax is the dream of many. In order to get such a desired result, doing landscaping on your own, you must definitely draw up a plan for the future garden. In doing so, you need to know:

First of all, determine the style in which the decorative garden will be designed.
Next, you should choose plants based on the size of the allotted area, lighting conditions, soil, etc. of course, personal preference.
Based on the specific conditions of this site, you need to choose one of 4 types of layout in order to achieve the desired result.
For lovers of simple, clear lines, rectangular motifs are perfect for planning a garden. They will create the impression of a classic, help to divide the territory into clear zones with different landscape details and plantings. Rectangular motifs are most appropriate to use on elongated long sections.
The second type of planning involves the use of round motifs: flowerbeds, lawns and lawns, playgrounds. The difficulty in implementing this layout lies in combining round elements into one composition. Such a plan is very well suited for square or rectangular plots.
A small area can be visually enlarged by using a diagonal layout for this. When drawing up a plan, it is necessary to apply a grid of diagonal lines to it, located at an angle of 45 degrees to the fence or wall of the house. In the future, ornamental shrubs and flower beds should be arranged parallel to these lines.
If you want to preserve the natural relief and existing plantations, you can use the free one. In this case, the main task is to arrange the plants that create a picturesque composition that has a finished look.
For greater decorativeness, you can use gazebos, arches, pergolas, garden sculptures, benches, fountains, artificial ponds and other elements.
Significantly increase the colorfulness of the landscaped area of the flower bed and with properly selected perennials.
When drawing up a plan for planting plants, it is necessary to pay attention to ensuring that they have the maximum good conditions illumination and optimal planting density.

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garden planning

Most people are not averse to having at least small vegetable garden on your site to always have fresh herbs and vegetables on hand. For its device, it is better to draw up a plan that will help rationally organize space and save money and effort in the future, taking into account the following requirements:

The area allotted for growing vegetables should be well lit, as these crops are predominantly photophilous.
Vegetables need regular watering in hot weather. Therefore, it is better to immediately think about how you will do it - with the help of automatic watering, using a regular hose or by installing several water containers near the garden.
Having decided on the shape of the garden, you need to consider the location of the beds. A rectangular shape will be optimal, the width of the beds should be approximately 1.2 m, so that you can reach its middle with your hand.
Equally important are the paths between the beds. The width of a regular path should be at least 60 cm, which will make it possible to move freely along it with a garden wheelbarrow.
In order to avoid problems with the disposal of tops, leaves and cut grass, a compost pit or container can be provided near the garden.

A garden and a kitchen garden are integral attributes of any suburban area. To break them, you do not need to be an experienced gardener - it is enough to have a minimum knowledge of the issue and, of course, good instructions.

Let's start with the fact that making a garden from scratch is much more difficult, because it will grow not for a year, but for several decades, so many points have to be taken into account. Something, perhaps, will be planted in the wrong place, and years later these mistakes will make themselves felt. For example, a common mistake novice gardeners make is an overly deep root neck of seedlings.

The process is quite laborious and consists of several important steps. Let's get acquainted with the features of each of them.

Stage one. Choose a plot

Great attention is paid to the choice of a suitable site - the relief, type of soil, depth of groundwater, degree of protection from wind and other important conditions are assessed. Thanks to agrochemical analyzes, it is possible to determine the level of soil acidity and the concentration useful substances, which in the future will help with watering, top dressing, as well as liming. Determining the depth of groundwater will allow you to determine the measures to minimize their negative impact. In a word, the laying of the garden should be carried out only after pre-training, and gardeners must be aware of some aspects of land valuation.

Note! A number of additional measures will help to make even land unsuitable for trees suitable (for example, drainage).

Relief

Gardens grow best on slopes with a steepness of no more than 8 degrees. The direction of the slope is also important - it should be south, which means warm and well lit. Do not plant a garden in a hollow, because water accumulates there and cold air stagnates.

But the relief of most suburban areas is flat, without depressions and slopes, so there is no need to choose.

The soil

Fruit trees, as you know, have a fairly powerful root system, which goes deep vertically and spreads widely to the sides. This means that the nutrient medium is required in large volumes. It is for this reason that horticultural crops develop better on powerful soil, which contains the required supply of elements, and is sufficiently (but not too) moistened. In this case, marshy, rocky, strongly podzolized and clayey terrain is completely unsuitable.

As for the subsoil, it should be moisture and breathable.

Apple trees require black soil, sandy loam or soddy soil. It is important that the earth is loose and wet, however, apple trees do not tolerate excess moisture.
Plums need moist and rich nutrients loamy soil. They do not tolerate a lack of moisture and dry air.
Cherries are best planted on not too steep slopes with sandy soil.
Pears will grow best in light loamy soil.

ground water

Terrain with high level groundwater flow is dangerous for garden trees, because in such places the plants do not live long. The roots, reaching the water, die due to oxygen deficiency, then the ends of the branches in the crown dry, and later the knots. Plants grow very slowly and soon die.

If it is planned to plant apple trees, then groundwater should be no closer than 2 m. For stone fruits (cherries, cherries, apricots), which have deep roots, this figure is 1.5 m. water may be even less.

About satellites of fruit trees

Some forest trees grow in the same conditions as fruit trees. It has been proven that if oak, linden or maple grows well on or near the site, then fruit crops will develop quite successfully. But alder and horsetail testify to the swampiness of the site, which means that it must first be cultivated. Thanks to all these signs, you can find out if the land is suitable for a garden.

Wind protection

Many gardeners know what the wind has on the garden. bad influence. IN winter time it blows snow off the ground, increasing the risk of freezing of the root system. Large snowdrifts along the perimeter destroy the crowns. As for the hot summer winds, they dry out the soil and prevent normal pollination by insects. Young plantings are swayed by the wind, which is why the roots of seedlings take root more slowly. Finally, with a strong gusty wind, not only leaves are torn off and branches are broken, but the trees themselves are falling down.

Strong winds are especially dangerous in harvest years when in just a day most of the fruit can crumble to the ground. To avoid all this, a windbreak is required - a great way to preserve the crop and protect the plants from damage. For protective plantings, it is best to use fast-growing trees and shrubs, but they will not be effective until several years after planting. Therefore, wind protection should be taken care of at least two to three years before laying the garden. Also, the role of wind protection can be played by outbuildings, natural hills and a nearby forest.

More than others, tree species such as oak, poplar, birch, linden are suitable for wind protection. If shrubs are used, then it is better to give preference to yellow acacia, mountain ash, hazel and wild rose.

Note! There are clear distances at which protective trees and bushes should be placed. For trees, this is about 1-1.2 m (inside the row) and 1.5-2 m (between rows), for shrubs - 0.5-0.7 m and 0.7-1 m, respectively.

Stage two. Plot layout

The land should be used rationally, and there should be no room for weeds and various pests. In other words, the site should be densely planted. Fruit crops need light, and their roots need soil nutrition. Moreover, with proper placement, the garden itself will be more attractive.

Before you start learning, you need to plan everything. As a rule, gardeners use the same layouts, which may differ depending on the relief features, climate and the preferences of the gardeners themselves. One such diagram is shown below.

Out of eight to ten apple trees, five should be winter variety, two - summer and two more - autumn. It also provides for the creation of gazebos and recreation areas, planting flower crops.

Note! Pears, apple trees should be planted 5-6x4 m apart, while plums and cherries - somewhere in 3x2.5 m. You can plant undersized representatives of the same varieties between rows of tall crops.

These undersized plants are less durable, their fruiting will end by the age of twenty. At the same time, the crowns will reach full development, they will become too crowded, and you can get rid of the trees.

Stage three. Choice of landing date

In the central regions, it is better to plant a garden in early spring, i.e. until the kidneys swell (this is especially important for cherries). In the south, gardens are usually planted in autumn. More importantly, in the spring, planting should be carried out before the seedlings begin to grow, and in the fall - during leaf fall.

Also note that before digging seedlings, it is necessary to remove the leaves. The fact is that moisture entering the plant evaporates through the leaves, and if they are not removed, then the likelihood of successful survival will decrease. The leaves are removed carefully, while trying not to damage the kidneys.

Stage four. Soil preparation

For getting good harvest deep topsoil is required. As a rule, the root systems of fruit crops go into the ground to a depth of 0.8 m, which means that processing and fertilization should be carried out by the same amount. To do this, it is better to use a small plantation plow.

Stage five. Selection of seedlings

They must be purchased from a nursery that is located in the same region as future garden, otherwise there will be a risk that the plants will not take root. The roots should be branched, long (more than 30 cm), not frostbitten, on the cut - white. Quality seedlings have straight trunks, with smooth bark and no visible defects. Finally, the crown should consist of at least three or four well-developed branches, which are directed in different directions, and without fail with a conductor (i.e., a leading shoot).

As for the age at which trees should be planted, the opinions of gardeners differ. Some plant mature plants (eight or nine years old), which quickly bear fruit, but are quite expensive, and it is quite difficult to plant them. Others buy two- and three-year-olds, which are somewhat behind in terms of fruiting, but are cheaper.

Stage six. Seedling preparation

The procedure consists of two simple steps. Let's consider them.

Step 1. Roots

The largest roots are cut so that the cut area "looks" at the bottom of the pit. To do this, you need to use a garden knife (not a pruner, because it kneads the wood and does not give an even cut). If the seedlings were obtained in the fall, but will be planted in the spring, then after pruning they are immersed in a clay solution and buried in the ground for a while (this will prevent drying).

Step 2. Crown

The length of the roots of dug out seedlings does not exceed 35-40 cm, while most of them (the roots), and this is about 70%, remain in the ground. But the aerial part remains the same, which is why the truncated root system can no longer properly “feed” it. Therefore, the branches in the crown should be cut to about a third of the length.

Note! It is more convenient to cut the branches after planting - so a person can not only see their placement relative to each other, but also do the work with both hands.

Stage six. Digging planting holes

During the first two years after planting, the roots are within the planting hole, which means that they use moisture and nutrients from there. Therefore, at first, young plants should be provided best conditions for development.

The diameter and shape of the planting pits may vary, but for uniform and proper root development, it is desirable to make round pits tapering down.

Note! There is an opinion that clay soils the bottom of the pit must be covered with a sandy "cushion", and on sandy ones - with clay. This is allegedly necessary for water retention. In reality, everything is not so.

Pits under spring planting should be prepared in the fall, while for the autumn - about a month in advance. Moreover, in the first case, before frosts, the pits should be covered with fertilized earth, but not tamped.

Stage seven. Landing

We’ll make a reservation right away that it’s not worth filling up the root necks - when the soil settles, they should be flush with its surface. In principle, planting is the most important stage, it is on it that the yield, survival rate and life expectancy of trees depend. It is quite difficult, and sometimes even impossible, to eliminate the mistakes made here in the future.

The most common mistake is considered to be a deep landing, which can be discovered only after a few years. Raising a deeply planted tree is difficult, and a novice gardener will definitely not be able to cope with this, moreover, he can even ruin the plant.

Note! If ground water are too close to the surface, then it is impossible to plant plants in pits - instead, mounds of soil are created. For this, the landing sites are first dug up, then mounds of fertilized earth are poured on them (width - 100 cm, height - 45-50 cm). Seedlings are planted on such mounds and tied to wooden pegs.

A few words about the landing board

When the landing sites are marked, and the stakes are ready, you can proceed directly to the digging. In order to avoid violation of straightness, a stake must be driven in the center of each pit.

It is not easy to do this “by eye”, so you can resort to one simple device - the so-called landing board. For its manufacture, a board with approximate dimensions of 200x15x2 cm is used. A triangular cutout is made in the middle of one side of this board. Similar cuts are made along the edges, 75 cm from the center, as shown in the images.

Such a board will allow you to install pegs to which seedlings will be tied, exactly in the center of the pits. Next, the plants are tied to pegs as shown below.

After planting, trees need to be looked after, fertilized and watered, but here everything depends on the specific tree species.

Video - Features of caring for fruit trees

Creation of a garden on the site

Ideally, the garden should consist of beds located in a sunny place and protected from the wind by fruit trees planted from the north, as well as convenient wide paths. Making a garden from scratch is not as difficult as a garden, but you can still encounter certain difficulties. You should start with preliminary preparation.

Stage one. Location selection

A place for a garden must meet certain requirements, let's get acquainted with them.

The garden should be located in a sunny place. It is important that the plants are under the sun for at least six hours a day.
Also, the selected location should not be strong winds or, alternatively, the wind protection described above will be equipped.
The beds should be at least ten meters from trees and buildings.
Finally, the site chosen must be level and elevated.

Note! If the garden is sloping towards the south, then the harvest will be early, while on the northern slope the fruits will ripen later than usual. The western and eastern slopes are also suitable for a vegetable garden.

It is not worth breaking beds in a lowland, because water will accumulate there. If there is no other way out, then you should take care of the system of drainage grooves, and make the beds themselves no lower than 20 cm.

As for lighting, it is not easy to regulate it. The only way is to get rid of the objects shading the garden (with the exception of the north side). That is, trees do not need to be planted. But if they serve as protection from the wind, then it is necessary to at least thin out the crowns so that they do not cast a thick shadow.

Stage two. Planning

In most cases, it comes to the garden only after everything else is ready. There remains only a piece of land on which you need to break the beds.

You should start by making a plan. What should be included in it? First of all, you need to designate the number of beds, as well as determine their shape. It is advisable to make the beds square or rectangular shape, but if desired, the garden can be divided into sectors. You also need to raise them somewhat (by about 15-20 cm, although the height may be greater) so that when processing plants, you do not put too much pressure on your back. The width of the beds is usually about 80 cm.

In addition, the plan should allocate space for paths (for this, the distance between the beds should be at least 40 cm), as well as small areas for water containers and equipment. Such tanks, by the way, are needed when planting crops that love warm watering. Most of the expenses here are for the arrangement of paths.

Note! Do not use roofing material or slate when delimiting - these materials are released into the soil harmful substances, because of which the crop can be hazardous to health.

You also need a place for a compost heap, where vegetable and organic waste will be added. After two years, this waste will rot and serve as good fertilizer.

Stage three. Decor

If there is a lawn in place of future beds, then the selected area must be cultivated. There may be several options, but the most effective (and at the same time expensive) is to cut off the top layer of turf (no more than 3 cm) and then evenly spread the mixture consisting of sand, peat and manure. Then the site is dug up and beds are created. Another option is to dig up the ground so that upper layer went to about 15 cm deep, and in the first year to grow potatoes on it.

The procedure for designing beds is as follows.

Step 1. First, according to the plan drawn up, pegs are driven in around the perimeter of the garden, between which a rope is pulled.

Step 2 Then the soil is prepared by one of the methods described above.

Note! The location of crops must be changed annually, otherwise the crop will become worse over time, and the soil will become unsuitable for growing.

Step 3. The soil is loosened. It needs to be made soft and airy so that the plants sprout easily.

Step 4 The borders of the beds are marked. This can be done using the same pegs and rope, or planted around the perimeter of perennial plants.

Step 5 At the end, paths are formed. They can be covered with gravel or laid out with tiles (in the second case, the earth is compacted and covered with a layer of sand, after which laying is carried out).

Stage four. planting

After creating beds and paths, you can start planting plants. To avoid any problems in the future, you need to follow the compatibility rules shown in the image below.

That's all. As it turned out, if you do everything right, then it is quite possible to equip a house, a garden and a garden with your own hands. Even more useful information can be found in the video below.

Video - Garden planning and gardening

Like any responsible event, laying the future garden on the site begins with planning: how carefully you think through all the details of the placement of capital and outbuildings, how responsibly you treat the choice of a place for trees, shrubs, vegetable and berry plants, will depend on the abundance harvest, and the comfort of your stay in the country.

When planning a garden and vegetable garden, there are many nuances to take into account, so do not rush, calculate several at once. suitable options and then choose the best one.

If you want your garden to not only bear fruit, but also look wonderful, you need to make a little effort and a little imagination already when laying it. This is a very responsible job: it involves a large number of processes running simultaneously, and besides preparatory work and planting of plants should be carried out in a short time.

The laying of a garden deserves special attention also because the mistakes made at the same time are difficult to correct in the future, since fruit trees are planted once for many years.

How to fill your garden with beautiful and prolific plants? In order to properly plan the backyard garden, use the advice of experienced summer residents presented on this page.

Planning the territory of the future garden

Whichever path you choose, the laying of the future garden should begin with a clear layout of the territory. All plants must be planted immediately on permanent place, as transplants greatly harm plants. In order not to be mistaken, think over the site plan to the smallest detail and sketch all your ideas.

Use your site measurements to plan your garden and orchard by drawing a plan to scale. Such care is needed not only to accurately determine the landing site. You can easily calculate the number of selected plants.

When planning the various zones of their garden, they usually try to make sure that the playground is clearly visible from the kitchen or from the recreation area.

It doesn’t matter if you are planning a berry garden or a vegetable garden on your site or not - it is simply necessary to make a working area. After all, the garden will be planted with plants that need care.

IN working area have a barn with inventory, a pit under compost heap. And since this zone is not very attractive, it can be hidden by plants.

When the entire site is divided into zones and measurements are made on the ground, you need to think about communication between the zones, that is, about paths and paths. It is better if the tracks do not run at right angles, but begin to bend smoothly.

Walk along the marked paths, check: is everything convenient? If all is well, you can move on to placing plants around the site.

If you cannot imagine your life without fresh vegetables, then take a well-lit place for the garden, located not on the aisle and in such a way that the trees do not interfere with the normal growth of vegetables.

When planning a garden design, in order for the plantings to delight you not only with their appearance, but also a harvest, trees are placed at a distance of 4 m from each other, shrubs - 1.5-2 m. To create hedges, plants are planted at shorter intervals, depending on the type of hedge.

A recreation area can be located next to the house. Berry bushes located on it, formed on trellises, and fruit trees on trunks will create a special comfort. Do not place a pool or other body of water near the playground.

Look at the photo - when planning paths in the garden, you need to take into account that they must provide access to every corner of the site:

The width of the path should be sufficient so that a garden wheelbarrow can pass through it normally.

Here is one example of successful garden planning:

- Low hedge of chaenomeles
- on the lawn

Hozblok
paved paths
Compost
Garden of columnar apple trees
hedge from
Patio
Golden currant hedge
Lawn
Arch with Actinidia
Playground
flower garden
Composition of bushes - on boles and ordinary
Garden
Gooseberry
coastal plants
Path covered with gravel
plums
Three pear trees

Planning a place to plant plants in the garden

As experienced gardeners advise, when drawing up a site plan, it is important to be guided not only by your desires, but also by the needs of plants, therefore, when planning a garden, it is important to choose the right place for planting them.

Any plant for normal growth and development needs good lighting. However, this does not mean that they must roast all day in the open sun.
As shown in the photo, when planning a vegetable garden, trees should only be placed in an open area:
This is especially true for plants formed in the form of trellises, cordons and palmettes. This need is due to the fact that when shading, the branches will grow unevenly, one-sidedly, strongly stretched, and, therefore, it will be difficult to form and further care for plantings.
In addition, mature trees have a limited number of branches where overgrown branches can form. To extend the productive period, it is important to take care of good lighting of these particular branches, because they bear fruit.
When planning a garden on a plot, shrubs can be content with a shaded position, as they are less demanding on lighting. In addition, the root system of shrubs is more superficial, and therefore more demanding on moisture conditions.

A rare owner of a private house prefers not to plant fruit trees on his plot. Everyone usually wants to have a fruit garden - in spring, trees delight with wonderful flowering and aroma, and fruits and berries from your own garden always seem much tastier than those bought in a store or market, besides, you know that these are environmentally friendly products. In the art of Feng Shui, the image of a blooming orchard is a symbol of abundance and prosperity. The layout of the garden is a responsible matter, their growth and ability to bear fruit will depend on how correctly you plant the trees, so this task must be taken with great attention.

If you want to grow vegetables in your garden as well, the layout of the garden and vegetable garden must be considered together. It is better to take a place for beds at the southern border, from north to south, this is better for crops growing in the middle lane. Some gardeners recommend placing beds from east to west. Behind the vegetable and strawberry (strawberry) beds are fruit bushes - currants, gooseberries. Trees are planted behind the bushes, a light shade from the trees will not harm the berry bushes, and the vegetable beds should be in the sun.

An example of the design of vegetable beds - they do not have to be square or rectangular, the original beds resemble flower beds

What do you need to know before planning?

Before you start planning your garden, you need to take into account the following important factors:

What is the size of the area can be allocated for an orchard. For trees with spreading crowns, a distance of 4 sq.m.
terrain. For an orchard, flat terrain or a gentle slope would be ideal, cold air lingers in the hollows, excessive moisture, these areas are unfavorable for fruit trees.
Soil analysis of your site. Fruit crops have a powerful root system, soils must be fertile to provide it good food. Stony, clay, sandy soil is not suitable for a garden. The proximity of groundwater negatively affects the growth of trees.
Presence of heat and light. For most fruit trees, it is important that there is plenty of light and heat; in the shade, they grow and bear fruit much worse. It should be said about the area with a constant strong wind - the wind interferes with normal pollination, dries the soil, often damages crops and breaks tree branches. A high fence or green spaces can partially protect against winds.

Planning starts with a blueprint on paper. If there is already a house on the site, you need to start planning from it. A map of the site, the contours of the house and other buildings, as well as places where trees already grow, are applied to the paper on a scale.

This site is protected from the wind by trees planted around it, which have already grown enough to provide protection.

If the site is not built up yet, a place for building a house is applied to the scheme. The layout of the garden on the site suggests the presence of a front garden. The house should face the street, in front of it there is a strip of land for the front garden. Its size depends on the area of the site - for someone it is only a meter, for someone it is 6-8 meters. In a small front garden, flowers, raspberries and berry bushes are usually planted, in a large one - ornamental trees, flowers or several fruit trees at the discretion of the owners.

For large fruit trees - apple trees, pears, take a place in the northeast side of the site, between them and fruit and berry bushes - a place for smaller trees - cherries, plums.

An example of the layout of the garden and vegetable garden - the site is divided into two parts. In the first - a house surrounded by a front garden and beds with vegetables, the second half - an orchard with trees planted in rows

In general, it will be convenient to draw a site plan, put on it all the existing buildings, the proposed location of the garden and vegetable garden. On the site you need to mark the holes for planting trees. Try to plant trees at a distance so that as they grow, they do not obscure each other. Heap-growing bushes and trees in the garden do not grow well, in addition, conditions are created for diseases of horticultural crops. In fruit trees, the root system is powerful, it should develop freely.

Advice. If your site is overgrown with wild shrubs, there are stumps on it that need to be uprooted, do necessary work and burn the wood residues. Collect the ashes in a dry place, it will come in handy when creating fertile beds.

Usually, the layout of the orchard involves planting trees in such a way that they do not obscure the neighbors' plots, but it is not uncommon for a tree to grow near the fence itself, providing both owners and neighbors with fruits, while no one has any claims.

Today it is fashionable to give the beds an original shape, for example, a pizza garden. The highlight is that from the round beds in the center, the rest diverge like slices of pizza, forming a circle.

At the borders of the site, raspberries, blackberries or berry bushes are usually planted, which also bear fruit well in shading.

Landscaping and regular planning

Below are examples of garden planning for lovers of order and clarity of form and for those who like it when plants in an orchard are also planted according to the scheme, but give the impression of natural areas.

Landscaping involves the arrangement of trees and other crops in a free order, close to natural. In such a garden, in addition to fruit crops, decorative ones are also widely used.

An example of a free-plan garden - vegetable beds on the left and top, fruit trees planted in groups in the center and on the right

With regular planning, trees and shrubs, as well as vegetables in the garden, are planted in strict rows at the same distance. The landing pattern also has a strict geometric shape - a square for sections whose length and width are almost equal, and a rectangle for sections whose length is much greater than the width.

An example of a regular layout of a garden with a vegetable garden is a clear geometry, the site is divided into regular squares, rectangles, plants are planted in rows

Where are the best crops to plant?

These are trees and shrubs that grow well and bear fruit in your latitudes. For middle lane these are pears, apple trees (it is advisable to plant several trees of different varieties), different varieties plums and cherry plums, cherries. Cherries and apricots will ripen in warm latitudes. Berry bushes - all varieties of currants, gooseberries, blackberries, raspberries. With a small area of \u200b\u200bthe plot, shrubs are conveniently located around the perimeter.

If you plant several apple trees, among which there will be summer, autumn and winter apple trees, the fruits will delight you at different times of the year

An example of an interesting layout of the garden - paths diverge from the square of slabs in the center, between which there are beds, different crops are planted on each of the beds. Get comfortable with any of them.

On vegetable beds next you need to plant crops that grow well in close proximity to each other:

cabbage, cucumbers, peas;
white cabbage, dill, potatoes, onions, lettuce, celery;
tomatoes, peas, carrots;
horseradish, potatoes, beans, onions, cabbage.

When you draw a diagram, decide which plants to plant and in what quantity, you can start marking the garden on the ground, buy seedlings and prepare the soil.

The Earth for us is a natural wealth that fed our grandfathers and parents. Today, only a small percentage of people manage to interact with it directly - coming to summer cottages a couple of tens of kilometers away, living in rural settlements or their own a private house in the city. All these options often converge on one thing - cultivation work, weed removal, planting of cultivated plants and (or) ... Sometimes, all these things are carried out on the "weekend", after working working days. But, after all, you also need to relax, go out to the summer terrace or just stand on the edge of the garden and contemplate how you were able to properly plan the garden on your site.

Of course, while the endless expanses of the snow cover are in front of you, you don’t really “plan”, but there is a warm blanket, a cozy chair, you have brewed delicious tea for yourself and you can just start to decide from a theoretical point of view how you want to plan the garden.

If you decide, you can give everyone square meter the land is such that cultivated plants will give up to 15% -20% more yield, the flowers will be slimmer, and the eye will only rejoice

Based on this, we offer you the following theses, which We will reveal during our “journey” in planning a “workspace”:

We decide on the landing plan;
We form the correct dimensions and position of the beds;
Alternation of cultures - what is it and what is eaten with;
Combined landing;
Crop rotation and many other "topical" issues and their solutions.

Bed planning

Soil in the garden

We are sure that you, as an experienced person in terms of the annual selection of crops grown on your site, know that in order to plan them, you need to know which soil in the garden is more suitable for a particular variety or variety. And if earlier this was done “by eye”, now it is necessary to correctly determine the soil composition, which means that it is imperative to find out acidity (pH).

This is quite simple to do - take samples taken in the garden to a special laboratory. Be sure, for a more accurate composition, you need to take several samples from different parts of it. If you do not want to wait a long time, pay, or are just interested, and Can this test be done at home?, we answer - albeit not so accurate, but possible. To do this, take the same “samples”, mix them thoroughly to get a literally homogeneous mass and pour some into a jar or other container. Next, pour some vinegar and see the result. There will be 2 of them, and each will point to its designation:

On a soil sample, when in contact with vinegar, bubbles appear, which will mean neutral pH;
The vinegar will soak into the ground with no visible reaction, which will determine acidic pH soil.

Let's say right away that this is not the most accurate analysis, but it allows you to quickly and more clearly highlight this important issue.

Planning rules or how to plan a garden

In addition to the composition of the soil, plan a site the competent arrangement of those several beds that you are already “sorting out” in your imagination will help. Here are some rules to help you with this:

Most the best option garden location - flat terrain. In cases where the site is on a slope, choose the southern or southeastern part;
Be sure to resolve the issue with. Innovation or automation is not important here - it's your choice. Both large and small gardens love the availability of water, which will be more convenient for you;
We define the soil. Chernozem is best suited to plan a garden and get a rich harvest. But if heavy clay predominates in the soil, you will have to ennoble it and bring peat, sand, or black soil itself to the site;
If you have not yet decided how to make beds correctly and where to start, start by laying out the site at a distance from the trees. They will not create a shadow, and at any time the ground will be warmed up by the sun's rays.

From south to north beds are located if the site you own is in a lowland. Often, the earth is constantly damp, which means that it needs to be warmed up by the sun;
West to East, beds are planned in case of dry soil. The aisles will be under the shade of the plants, which will retain moisture;
With ground slope, it is better to break the beds across;
South side suitable for planning a garden, and northern- a garden, if the site is not initially flat.

How to plan a garden

We create a landing plan

We agree that planning a garden is a painstaking work that will take a single day, but without it you will not make rich harvests, and this place will not become your rest.

The first thing to start with - Draw a plan of "possessions" on paper

The drawing should contain the most complete information: shape and size, information about the acidity of the soil, its orientation. Next, break the site into zones - a garden, a vegetable garden, a residential and economic zone. It will be great if you observe, and bring in, the magnitude of the shadow from buildings, trees. Now, in order to more clearly plan the garden, we make its “model”. To do this, cut out strips of paper and write the name of the plants you will be planting, as well as important fixtures such as watering centers,. Place them, "play" and find the right combination. For those who think that these actions “can be omitted”, let’s say that it’s better to prepare on paper than to find the right places in the garden itself in the spring. When all forms and places are determined, you can think about the varieties and varieties of crops that are needed in the garden.

Correct beds

If right beds are absent in the garden, then rest will not work - everything will be painstaking work. Therefore, we will pay attention to the beds in order to correctly plan the garden.

Lowering or lifting

There are several positions of the beds: deepened, raised, level with the ground. The level is determined by the availability of watering every day, natural conditions. For example, if you cannot water your beds every day, then it is better to deepen them, and vice versa.

Dimensions

Forms can be completely different, the most important thing is easy access. If the length can be any, then the width for easy access should not be more than 1 meter. Optimum width - from 60 cm. Size design - according to your desire (brick, slate, etc. or not to design).

Crop rotation for your crops

This is one of the most important issues that must be addressed not only in order to plan the garden, but also to get a rich harvest. The sequence of "returning to the same place" is about 4 years. Therefore, we advise you to divide the entire area into 4 sections, and follow all the necessary sequences, according to the crop rotation tables.

Combined planting crops

Here, in order to correctly plan the site, it is worth knowing which cultures cannot get along side by side, and which ones will even help to grow, forming a “community”. For example, beans and, among agronomists, are called "Three Sisters" because their growth rates are perfectly matched. But, it is worth knowing that not all plants are so “friendly”. Dill and a knowledgeable person will never plant nearby. The same applies to beans and. In order to understand exactly which cultures help, and which ones “scam” each other, see the TABLE:

Culture compatibility table

Interesting tip: garlic can not only help a person to strengthen the immune system, but also allow you to take care of the "immune system" of plants. So, they will be much less sick. To do this, make a useful infusion according to the recipe: cut 5 garlic cloves and pour boiling water over them (1 liter), and then close the lid and let it infuse for about 20 minutes. Immediately after this, in order to prevent any diseases, it is possible to water indoor and garden plants with this infusion.

Planning and planting a garden in 6 acres

Planning a large garden is quite simple, because of the good dimensions. But here on 6 acres you can’t really clear up. But this is not a problem, especially if you take into account a few nuances:

Garage position;

Do not arrange a garage in the depths of the cottage (house), because it will be necessary to allocate a road (entrance) for the car.

The garden on the south side will cover the vegetable garden with shade for most of the day;
Installation of the brazier is best done from the windward side;
The non-standard shape of the flower beds will allow not only to plan the garden, but also visually expand it;
A mini-garden located in the barbecue area or gazebos will decorate the perimeter and save space;

To do this, the block is knocked down from the boards, earth is poured and flowers or crops are planted. The bed can be fenced with wattle to limit the beds.

Drainage systems in the lowlands are simply irreplaceable;

If your site is located on a slope, then the lower part will always contain excess moisture. Exactly drainage systems, disguised as special terraces, will visually and actually make the use of the site more convenient.

These tips will serve as a good lesson, as in planning a simple vegetable garden. small size as well as large areas.

So, adhering to the above measures, you can make the right garden this spring right from a piece of paper, which will bear fruit to your delight.

We wish you to rest on your personal plot and not to believe people who say that work in the countryside turns into torture. Turn your site into a fairy tale right now.