What can and should be done in April at their summer cottage - work and priority. Spring work in the country: what needs to be done first Spring planting in the country

Competent work in the spring in the garden and vegetable garden are very important agrotechnical measures that allow you to perform the correct planting and get the highest possible yield.

Spring work in the garden and garden: when and where to start

Be sure to check and prepare for the upcoming season.

A number of activities are also required, including cleaning, pruning, removal of shelters, prevention, preparation for grafting and planting. As a rule, in the southern regions, such work can begin as early as March. IN middle lane our country and the northern regions, the deadlines are shifted by a couple of weeks.

gardening in spring

It is necessary to start carrying out the first spring work in the garden with the onset of the first warm days and after the majority of the snow cover has melted.

Garden cleaning after winter

Cleaning consists in removing all plant debris, as well as revision of the soil and garden plantings in the country. It is early spring - the period of the appearance of the first weeds. Roots that are not yet strong enough are easily removed from moist spring soil. The first warm spring days provoke active growth of shoots not only on the soil, but also on the surface of garden paths, which should be thoroughly washed with a strong jet of water from an ordinary garden hose.

Should be remembered that any spring activities related to water should be carried out only at positive temperatures, which will prevent the formation of ice. All planting containers, as well as flowerpots, planters and flower pots, intended for growing plants in the coming season, also need revision, high-quality cleaning, and, if necessary, restoration of integrity.

Work in the garden in early spring (video)

Pruning fruit trees and shrubs

In the spring, in most cases, sanitary cleaning is carried out, as well as removal of all old and redundant shoots and branches:

• annual raspberry shoots need to be crowned by cutting off the top five buds, which allows you to stimulate the formation of new root shoots. All frozen weakened shoots are subject to removal;
• currant bushes thin out in spring. On chokeberry, branches older than seven years are removed. On bushes of red and white-fruited currants, branches older than ten years should be cut. You also need to cut out excess root shoots and weakened shoots. All frozen tops are cut;
• starting from the age of three, it is required to thin out gooseberry bushes, as well as remove old branches and excess shoots, which improves the illumination of fruits and increases productivity;

• it is necessary to do spring pruning of bushy varieties of cherries very carefully, removing thickening and old branches, taking into account fruiting on last year's peripheral branches. It is best to shorten in the summer, after fruiting;
• the annual spring formation of fruit plantations allows maintaining the habitus and improves insolation of the aerial part. Any molding must be done with the determination of the direction of growth processes of skeletal branches;
• plums are best grown in stems, as bushy forms thicken faster and become less fruitful. Formation begins almost immediately after planting seedlings on permanent place, which will allow you to create a productive crown by four to five years.

It is possible to form a crown of fruit trees in a tiered-sparse, horizontal or saucer-shaped, as well as a vertical or palmette version.

Rules and terms for removing winter shelters

or special designs must be inspected, thoroughly cleaned and rinsed.

After the winter shelters dry out, they can be stored until the autumn cold. From the garden area, necessarily old and cut branches in the process of spring formation, fallen leaves and withered grass, as well as any other debris of plant and non-plant origin.

March in the country: protecting plants from sunburn in early spring

In the first decade of March, the illumination increases, therefore, in the daytime, the stem part and branches of garden plantations are able to warm up significantly, therefore, during night frosts, the heated wood dies off. Darkening, peeling and cracking are observed on areas with sunburn.

Whitewashing the trunk and branching of skeletal branches can effectively reduce the heating of the bark. It is best to whitewash garden plantings in the fall or in the last decade of February, choosing a dry and sunny day for this purpose. Before proceeding with processing, it is necessary to revise the plants and, if necessary, take preventive or therapeutic measures. Whitewashing can be done with acrylic water-dispersion paint "VD-AK 0508" or "Dekoprof" means. It is also allowed to tie the stem part with white parchment.

How to process trees in spring (video)

How and how to treat trees in the spring from pests

The processing time varies depending on the type of plants and the composition of the solutions used for spraying:

• prevention of fungal diseases, damage by mosses and lichens before bud break, copper sulphate, diluted at the rate of 100-150 g per bucket of water;
• spraying the vine and soil around before bud break from bacterial cancer, spotted necrosis and anthracnose with iron sulphate at the rate of 200 g per bucket of water;
• mandatory processing of garden plantings before flowering from California scale insects, suckers, mites, weevils and flower beetles "Iskra-M", "Fufanon", "Iskra-double effect", "Karbofos", "Aliot" or "Biotlin";
• processing currants with "Commander", "Bison", "Tanrek", "Iskra Zolotoy" or "Inta-Vir" on blossoming buds and first leaves;
• processing gooseberries with "Topaz" or "Soon" before flowering.

It is also necessary to spray peach, apricot and cherry in order to protect against maniliosis, curliness and clasterosporiasis with "Horus", "Cuprolux", "Abiga-Peak" or "Ordan" after flowering.

Grafting and planting trees

As a rule, by the first decade of May, the planting of fruit and berry trees and shrubs is already over, and the time for grafting has come. It is best to perform such an event when the buds swell and slightly begin to open on the selected rootstocks. Spring grafting can be done in several ways:

• Copulation;
• butt;
• split;
• saddle;
• In a side cut.

Regardless of the method used, a prerequisite for obtaining a good result is the use of quality tool and special grafting tape.

Things to do in the garden in spring

In the spring, it is time for the main preparatory activities in the garden and in greenhouses. During this period, you need to pay attention to winter crops, perennial crops, as well as prepare open ground ridges and in greenhouses for planting and sowing.

Main activities

The garden is cleared of debris and plant residues. It is also required to remove all the shelters that were covered on winter period winter crops and the least cold-resistant garden crops.

As soon as the greenhouse soil warms up, it is necessary to dig it into one bayonet of a shovel. At the same time, the main fertilizers are required:

• on cucumber ridges is applied to each square meter about 5–6 kg of high-quality humus, with the addition of 50 g of any complex fertilizer and a couple of glasses of wood ash;
• on ridges prepared for growing tomatoes, peppers and eggplant, the dose of humus will need to be halved;
• when preparing “warm ridges”, the top 15 cm of soil should be removed, after which the biomass should be laid and sprinkled with a layer of fertile soil.

In the same period, film garden structures should be prepared. The time of stretching the film cover on the greenhouses must be calculated in such a way that in the last ten days of April it would be possible to sow the most cold-resistant and early ripening garden crops.

Important check the condition of the aerial part of the garden berries and replace the old mulch layer. It is best to use organic matter as mulch, presented:

• sawdust;
• compost;
• tree bark and chips;
• straw;
• rotted leaves.

A good result is the use of a mulching covering fabric. In March or April, garden soil is fertilized with complex universal fertilizers "Nitroammofoska" or "Azofoska".

When to start planting in the country

Sowing and planting cold-resistant garden crops should be done while the soil is still in a soft and plastic state. During such a period, the soil is already warm enough and contains the amount of moisture that is optimal for the growth and development of crops.

It is recommended to dig the earth immediately before sowing or planting, which will not allow moisture to evaporate. If necessary, all dug-up ridges, in order to preserve moisture, must be covered with plastic wrap before sowing, which is fixed with stones.

How to prune berry bushes in spring (video)

The harvest will depend on how correctly and in a timely manner the entire volume of spring work in gardens and orchards will be carried out. That is why the spring period is the most responsible time for everyone who is engaged in private gardening and vegetable growing.

The health of the plants, the appearance of the garden and the future harvest depend on how timely and correctly the spring work is done. What do you need to do on your suburban area Firstly?

First cleaning

First you need to remove all winter shelters from the beds and clean the garden. With the advent of heat (when the soil dries out a little), remove dry leaves, windbreak, remnants of supports and shelters, as well as other garden debris. As you harvest, remove only young weeds that have emerged before they have grown stronger, have had time to bloom and easily break out with roots from moist soil. Wash the frames and glass of the greenhouse, clean the drains, clean garden paths from moss, you can even paint garden furniture if you didn’t do it in the fall - here, in addition to regular paint may be suitable, for example, pf-115 enamel - it adheres perfectly to the surface and saves the walls.

Plant nutrition

At the very beginning of spring comes the most suitable period for preparing the garden for spring growth. garden plants additional feeding is constantly needed, even if they grow on rich soils. Fertilizers provide them with strong and healthy growth.

Most fertilizers are a mixture of the most important nutrients: nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Nitrogen compounds contribute to the growth of the green mass of plants, phosphorus is responsible for the strong growth of the root system and shoot formation, potassium is important for the formation of flowers and fruits. During this period, it is most effective to use complex fertilizers, which include all these three elements, for example, Azofoska, Nitroammofoska.

Such fertilizers are produced, as a rule, in the form of granules, which are best scattered over melting snow in compliance with the application rate indicated on the package. This ensures uniform dissolution of the granules and gradual penetration of nutrients to the roots of plants.

Pruning shrubs and trees

At low positive temperatures, before the beginning of the spring growing season, trees and shrubs, including fruit and evergreens, can be planted and transplanted. It is also necessary to prune fruit stone trees and some fruit berry bushes.

Spring pruning of fruit trees is necessary to form a cup-shaped crown with an open center. This form of fruit crown provides better access to light and air, which means a more plentiful and healthy harvest. It is necessary to eliminate dry branches with a secateurs or a garden saw, as well as to thin out the central part of the tree so that future branches do not block each other's access to the sun and fresh air.

Lawn care

At a temperature of +5, the grass on the lawn begins to grow. Spring is the time to remove leaves and debris from the lawn, adjust the boundaries and conduct a spring lawn treatment. Start processing with a hard mechanical cleaning and removal of debris (old coarse grass stems, leaves, moss). Use a metal fan rake for this work. Then carry out aeration (ventilation) of the soil on the lawn - piercing the topsoil to a depth of 10-15 cm. Aeration provides air, water and fertilizer access to the grass roots.

Topsoil improvement is achieved by evenly distributing sand over the surface of the lawn. This procedure improves the structure of heavy soils, helps nourish grass roots, and corrects small irregularities in the lawn surface. Use a mixture of sand with light garden soil or leaf humus (2:1), carefully leveling the composition on the surface and correcting unevenness with the back of a rake.

Division of perennial flowers

Early spring is the best time to divide herbaceous perennials (such as asters) before they begin to grow actively. Some of them will have to make an effort, cutting rather tough rhizomes. To do this, use a sharpened bayonet shovel. To dump large specimens out of the ground, substitute a board under the roots, which you use as a lever, stepping on it.

The division sites are usually clearly visible - these are empty spaces between compactly located buds or young shoots on rhizomes. First, divide large bushes into four parts crosswise, and then manually you can divide them into even smaller parts. The division of grasses such as feather grass or sedge is less labor intensive. To obtain seedlings, it is enough to use a sharp knife.

Soil preparation

For seed germination of cold-resistant crops (carrots, cauliflower, broccoli, lettuce, beets) requires a soil temperature of + 8˚С, and for heat-loving crops (cucumbers, pumpkin) - + 12˚С.

If spring is delayed, you can speed up the start of the season by warming up the soil. To do this, a few weeks before the planned sowing, cover the prepared area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe soil with garden material or black plastic, which will trap heat in the ground and keep out excess moisture. Seedling-grown crops will also thrive in warmer soil.

seedling preparation

To allow young plants to acclimate, take the seedlings out into the garden on warm, windless days. If frosts are not expected at night, after a while it will be possible to leave the seedlings overnight in the garden, first wrapping it in polyethylene, and then without shelter. If you are growing your seedlings in a greenhouse, turn up the ventilation to harden off the plants. Start hardening seedlings 1-2 weeks before planting in the ground.

Before planting in the ground, water both the seedlings and the place prepared in the garden in advance. Transplant on a cloudy day or early evening. When transplanting, you can slightly shorten the roots of the plant. Plant the prepared seedlings so that the soil covers the stem of the plant until the first true leaves, water abundantly several times and compact the soil around the plants so that they cannot be pulled out of the ground without damaging the leaves.

Plants with exposed roots (from a common box) are more vulnerable than plants from individual containers, and plants in peat pots will naturally transfer to the ground most easily.

In April, most summer residents begin to go to the sites to see how he spent the winter. Many already at this time begin to prepare greenhouses and greenhouses, grow seedlings, put everything in order in the garden, plot, vegetable garden and country house.

Now sequentially. Let's analyze the "average" option, when the dacha was mothballed in November and they came to see the state only in April. On the site, in addition to the house, there is a garden, a vegetable garden, a greenhouse. Let's start with activities around the house.

Works in the country house

First of all, you need to look at the condition of the basement and blind area of ​​the house. In old village houses protected the rubble.

Modern technologies for the construction of a concrete or brick foundation do not provide for the construction of blockages. At best, the plinth is veneered facade tiles, plaster or paint. But often in the basement of the building you can see exposed concrete or brickwork. And if the house is put on columnar foundation- it is rarely protected.

In the cold season, snow falling from the roof creates additional shelter for the basement of the foundation. But when the sun begins to warm up, and the snow settles, melt water saturates the plinth, and at low night temperatures, when the water freezes, cracks can form on it.

Upon arrival at the dacha, it is necessary to clear the blind area of ​​​​the house from the snow, expose the basement, and allow it to dry. It is advisable to ensure the natural flow of melt water from the house - to dig paths along which the water will leave the house. This is especially important if surface drainage was not provided during the construction of the house, and melt water flows along the natural slope of the soil to the foundation of the house.

In the temperate zone, the weather is unstable in spring. There are sharp thaws when the daytime temperature exceeds +10°C, although the night temperature still continues to stay below 0°C. In such conditions, a heavy flood can flood the site, and the night cold can turn it into a skating rink. It is necessary to ensure the flow of water from the site, to clear the drainage grooves, which are usually dug along the perimeter of the site.

Work in the greenhouse after winter

There are a huge number of models of greenhouses, both industrial and handicraft.

All of them suffer from one "disease" - after 2-3 years of operation, the soil in them is salted, its fertility is sharply reduced. The first two years, a decent harvest can be supported by the application of organic and mineral fertilizers. But in the end, it becomes necessary to replace the soil (to a depth of 15-20 cm) or transfer the greenhouse to a new location.

Interestingly, in the case of using a polyethylene film as a cover for a greenhouse, which in the second year in winter time breaks under the weight of the snow and the pressure of the wind, strong salinization of the soil is not observed. Practitioners have a strong opinion that non-capital greenhouses (and most of them) should be left uncovered for the winter.

Indeed, the melt water in rural areas practically does not contain salts (in cities, snow absorbs a large amount of heavy salts) and is energetically active, alive.

Numerous experiments have proven that the use of melt water even in industrial greenhouses operating all year round, allows you to almost double the duration of soil operation. And in the conditions of a private greenhouse, the use of melt water, coupled with the rational application of organic fertilizers, makes it possible to remove the issue of replacing the soil.

It is not too late to do this in April, if summer residents did not come to the site all winter, the greenhouse should be ventilated and the beds covered with a thick layer of snow. It will not be possible to overdo it here - the more melt water passes through the soil of the greenhouse, the better.

True, a “conflict of interest” may arise, since from the second half of April it is already possible to plant green crops and radishes in the greenhouse using bioheating. But if the owners of the garden plot did not appear on it all winter, then they are unlikely to plant early vegetables and seedlings in April.

By the way, about bioheating. The effect of heat release during the decay of organic matter, in particular manure, was used a long time ago.

In protected ground conditions, bioheating is used constantly. The technology here is simple.

Fresh manure (horse or cow) is laid from autumn under greenhouse beds and covered with a layer of earth 15-20 cm.

Rotting of manure occurs constantly, but in winter, when the soil freezes, the activity of putrefactive bacteria decreases sharply, so the rate of decay decreases.

Since February, when the sun begins to peek out, the soil in the greenhouse warms up, the bacteria become more active. And since even night frosts are not terrible for heated soil, gardeners plant unpretentious crops in it. Some danger to humans is posed by gases released during decay of manure, in particular methane, ammonia and carbon dioxide, therefore greenhouses are constantly ventilated, although these gases in small concentrations do not harm plants.

On the one hand, ventilation is desirable, as the plants harden, but, on the other hand, heat is lost during ventilation.

Synthetic vapor barrier helps to reduce the emission of gases from biofuels.

In fact, this is the same geotextile that gardeners often use on the farm. In autumn, after laying manure, it is covered with a layer of synthetic vapor barrier or geotextile with a density of 60-80 g / m 2 and covered with fertile soil with a layer of 10-15 cm.

Work in the garden in spring

From the closed greenhouse soil, it is logical to move on to the open ground of garden beds. In agronomy, there is the concept of "alternation of crops." It implies the expediency of transferring culture to another place after a certain period of time.

Simply put, if garden strawberries grew on some beds for three years, then a sufficient amount of slag substances and pests of strawberries formed here.

It is advisable to move it to another place, and plant onions or garlic on strawberry beds, for which both pests of strawberries and the remaining slags from it are safe.

In fact, the same salinization of the soil has an impact on the decrease in yield.

We can say that melt water increases the bioprotection of the soil. Therefore, it is advisable to accumulate the maximum possible layer of snow (80-100 cm) on the beds and plots.

Spring work in the garden

In April, it is time to ventilate the protective shelters of the roses, if they have been built. Professional rose growers categorically do not recommend covering roses with spruce branches - spruce needles almost always contain spores of pathogenic fungi, in particular rust, which infect buds and young rose shoots.

Unfortunately, many owners of garden plots with enviable persistence continue to break off neighboring spruce forests and bring pathogenic microflora to their site.

Formative pruning of fruit trees.

Currently, the vast majority of woody fruit crops are offered for sale grafted onto semi-dwarf rootstocks. This means that the optimal height garden trees- 3-4 m for apple trees and 4-5 m for pears - depending on the strength of the stock and the variety of the scion. The grafted plants themselves can far outgrow these heights, but the strength of the root of a semi-dwarf rootstock will not be enough to good nutrition huge crown - the final branches become thinner, fruit buds are not laid.

Therefore, fruit trees are periodically crowned - they are cut at the right height. In addition, depending on the intensity of growth, with a frequency of 3-4 years, formative pruning of crowns is carried out, internal shading and intersecting branches are removed, and extra top shoots are cut out.

Enough has been written about the methods and techniques of pruning.

Here I would like to note that the gardener faces a dilemma when to prune - in autumn or spring? autumn pruning stimulates the laying of fruit buds, but is fraught with frost, since large sections are not protected, and the wood in them freezes deep. Pruned trees do not undergo deep freezing in spring, but when pruning, a large number of fruit buds are removed, and the gardener is left without a crop in the first warm season after pruning.

Such protection prevents deep freezing of wood, while pruning itself stimulates the laying of fruit buds. However, a tall stump eventually dries up and breaks out, leaving a hollow, into which pathogenic fungi penetrate.

Therefore, in the spring it must be cut according to the rules - according to the level of the fold of the bark at the point of origin of the branch. And it is good to smear the wound itself with garden pitch or paint it over with thick green oil paint.

If forming pruning is carried out in the spring, then all sections larger than 1 cm in diameter must be smeared with garden pitch - it is believed that sections less than 1 cm in diameter do not need such protection. Pruning is carried out before the start of sap flow.

When removing thick branches or trunks, the bark is first sawn in a circle. When cutting, the branches are held to avoid breaking and splitting the wood on the remaining branches. If this happens, then the split is wrapped with matting or geotextile, several turns of string are applied and pulled together. The saw cut and exposed cracks are coated with garden pitch.

On a note:

• In winter, snow sliding from the roof additionally covers the plinth, but in spring, when the snow melts, wooden walls damp to a great height.
• Clearing the blind area and exposing the basement is a mandatory event when visiting suburban area in winter.
• With proper maintenance of the site in the spring, the walls and basement of the house remain dry.
• covered cellular polycarbonate greenhouses in winter are usually completely covered with snow. In the spring, melted snow slides off the slopes, and the internal volume of the greenhouse warms up.
• The snow brought to the greenhouse beds, when melting, will wash the soil, free it from salts and pests.
• White lightweight geotextile with a density of 5-40 g/m 2 is an excellent shelter.
• In the spring, snow is removed from it and, if necessary, ventilation holes are made - Plants do not suffocate.
• When filing trunks or large branches, first make a circular cut through the bark.
• When they want to rejuvenate a tree, they remove the main trunk, allowing butt or basal shoots to grow. In the process of work, the trunk is usually cut down above the prescribed place so as not to accidentally split the remaining part, and the final saw cut is made inclined in the right place to avoid stagnant water, and smeared with garden pitch.

CLEANING PLANTS FROM SNOW

With heavy snowfalls and temperature drops from minus to plus, the snow becomes wet and heavy. Coniferous trees and shrubs - arborvitae, junipers, pines - suffer greatly from it. If the plants had a spreading or wide-conical crown shape, were not tied for the winter, then they suffer greatly from the breakage of large branches or their crown is deformed. Therefore, after heavy snowfalls, it is recommended to shake off wet and heavy snow from the branches. And sometimes you can bind for 1-2 months.

Sheared deciduous forms can also be affected by snow, such as spirea, hedge cotoneaster, vesicle.

WHITEWASHING OF STEMS AND SKELETAL BRANCHES

At the end of winter - the beginning of spring, whitewashing of trunks and skeletal branches can be carried out in order to avoid sunburn and freezer. Whitewashing, carried out in the fall, is ineffective for these purposes (washed off by rain).

FIGHTING WITH SUNBURN

In January - February in the middle lane the sun becomes active. During the day it warms, and at night the temperature drops sharply. Such a contrasting change in temperature leads to cracks - frost holes, especially on the southern side of plants.

It is enough to make a light shelter or screen on the south side of the plant to avoid burns.

TRUMBLING THE GROUND CIRCLES

around separately standing plants snow needs to be shoveled.

During the winter, passages and burrows of rodents form in the snow, which damage the delicate bark in the lower part of plant trunks.

Ornamental fruit and deciduous trees, rarely conifers. If the stem (lower part of the trunk) has not been protected since autumn with a special net from rodents, then it is necessary to trample the trunk circle, and hang "lugals" from hares on the lower or middle branches.

SPRING CUTTING

You can start sanitary pruning as soon as you can get close to the plants (February - April). Pruned branches broken by snow, frost-damaged branches, as well as diseased and dried ones. This type of trimming is carried out separately from the forming one or combined with it. The timing is limited by the opening of the kidneys and the appearance of leaves or the beginning of flowering. You can cut hedges in a leafless state, giving them the desired shape.

REMOVING THE COVER

In March - April, they begin to gradually remove the shelters from roses, hydrangeas, rhododendrons, etc. The shelters are removed in layers, not abruptly, for 1 week. Then sanitary pruning is carried out.

FERTILIZER

Can be driven through melting snow. Spreading a thin layer of ash, peat, manure, chicken manure, you can get earlier snow melting and at the same time light top dressing with microelements or organic fertilizer. You can also apply mineral granular complex or spring fertilizers, which, gradually dissolving when the snow melts, will fall into the soil.

SPRING WORK WITH THE LAWN

Immediately after the snow melts, they begin to comb out the lawns, as well as their aeration (piercing). This is important for overgrown lawns (if not mowed in the fall) and to combat lawn snow mold.

CLEANING FLOWERS

After the snow melts, deadwood and fallen leaves are removed from the flower beds, the surface layer of soil is loosened between perennials and spring fertilizers are applied. If the flower beds are from annuals, then the soil is dug up on a shovel bayonet and complex fertilizer is applied to upper layer soil. Planting of annuals begins no earlier than May 25th.

: WHAT TO DO FOR A COTTAGE resident IN JANUARY ...: Construction of a polycarbonate greenhouse and tips ...

Now winter is living out its last days and comes into its own, such a long-awaited for every gardener, spring.

Very soon the garden will recover from the heavy frosty everyday life and will breathe deeply.

During this period, active spring work begins in the garden and garden. It is necessary to prepare for the hot period of planting, watering and harvesting.

The main concerns of the summer resident in March

The first half of March is marked by harvesting and soil preparation.. The last snow crust that has formed around the trees must be removed with a garden fork. This procedure must be carried out very carefully so as not to damage those parts of the plants that are under the snow.

Trees must be whitewashed by the middle of the month. Young trees are covered with a mixture of mullein and clay to recharge after a long winter. As a pest control, blackcurrant bushes are poured over hot water, and a film is laid under the bush itself so that pests from the soil cannot get out.

When the air temperature crosses the mark of +5 degrees, the first spraying is carried out in the garden. All branches damaged by pests are removed and burned.

Be sure to check whether the plants survived the winter well. To do this, it is necessary to make a small incision along the base on the damaged-looking tissues. If there is no blackness on the cut and it is a light green hue, then the plant is not damaged. At the end of March, spraying from pests with copper sulphate is carried out.

When active snow melting begins, it is necessary to properly dispose of the melt water. If your site has large slopes, then here it is necessary to make small grooves across so that the fertile soil layer has not been carried away by water.

If your garden is located in a lowland, then the water should be diverted into deep ditches or pits so that the roots do not rot from lack of air. On flat sandy and light clay surfaces, melt water does no harm.

Work in the country in the spring is not complete without preparation for planting various crops. In March days, seeds are sown for seedlings of cauliflower and white cabbage, beets, tomatoes and onions. The soil for sowing is selected loose, fertile and not acidic. It must be prepared by mixing peat, fertile soil, humus, as well as tree resin and mineral fertilizers.

April preparations at their summer cottage

In April, the cleaning of the upper layers of the soil continues, removal of the bark near the kidneys. All garbage after complete drying of the soil is collected and burned. If the garden in past seasons was invaded by ticks, aphids, psyllids or suckers, then trees and shrubs should be sprayed with nitrofen. This must be done before the buds begin to open.

The circles around the trees must be dug up and loosened, being careful not to damage the roots. This is necessary not only to improve the quality of the soil, but also to destroy infections and pests. For some time, the trunk circles are covered with a film so that pests cannot get out of winter shelters on the trees. The film can be removed when the moths stop flying.

Also in April, they dig up the soil with the introduction of ash and mineral fertilizers. After the digging is completed, the earth is leveled with a rake. In heavy soils make ridges. In warm years, early crops can be sown at the end of April.

Dacha in May

The main spring work in the country begins in May. This month is considered the most crucial period for every gardener. The success of the entire summer season depends on the correctness of all events at this time.

To begin with, a thorough cleaning is carried out in the garden, props and films are removed, and the remains of last year's plants are also disposed of. It is necessary to wash greenhouses and greenhouses, to clean water drains. Don't forget to check your garden tools, as the period of its active use begins.

The soil must be periodically loosened and weeds removed. Do not forget about the mulching of trees and shrubs. It can be done with humus or fresh compost.

May is the time for planting a variety of decorative and vegetable crops . At this time, carrots and potatoes, cucumbers, watermelons, melons are sown in already prepared holes.

Frosts often occur in May, which is why experienced gardeners carefully monitor temperature changes. In extreme cases, on frosty days, special smoke fires are lit on the site in order to prevent the flowers of fruit trees from freezing. On cold evenings, seedlings are covered with thick paper.

Carrying out work in the garden in the spring, it is necessary to approach each event with special care. During this crucial period, you are preparing for a successful summer season so you can't miss anything. A garden and a garden require a lot of attention, effort and time. But it's worth it!

The last winter days are dragging on, and on the threshold is the long-awaited beauty of spring - ruddy and perky. Along with spring come pleasant chores and worries about the garden and garden. Longing for work, gardeners and summer residents will rush to their plots, freed from frost and straightening their shoulders.

At this time, summer residents have more than enough work, you need to do everything, because spring work in the country and in the garden lays the foundation for the future harvest, so they are very important for gardeners. These days, you need to carefully clean the area after the winter, prepare the site for planting, tidy up trees and shrubs.

Cleaning

Let's start cleaning first. We take out everything from the site that protected our plantings from the cold. We clean the covering material, wash it, dry it, if necessary.

once again we clean it, and put it in the place allotted for it until the next cold weather. In the garden and garden, we clean everything from the garbage accumulated over the fall and winter: leaves, grass, branches and other things. No matter how you clean up in the fall, by spring you will still have a fair amount of garbage accumulated. In addition, greenhouses and greenhouses should be cleaned and washed, water drains should be cleaned.

Inventory check

And be sure to check your gardening equipment- now you will always need it.

Tree whitewashing

In early March, all trees must be whitewashed. And smear young trees with a mixture of clay and mullein. This will be a kind of top dressing for them after a cold winter.

Shrub processing

In order to control pests, currant and gooseberry bushes should be doused with boiling water, having previously spread cellophane under the bushes. When the air warms up to +5 degrees, you can start spraying. And twigs damaged by pests should be removed and burned.

In the last days of March, in order to control pests, plants can be sprayed with a solution blue vitriol.

Viability check

Next, be sure to check how your pets survived the winter. To do this, tissue that looks damaged is cut along the trunk or shoot to the base. If the cut is clean, without blackness, has a light green color, then this means that the plant survived the winter perfectly.

Weed control

It's no secret that the first weeds will appear along with the sun and heat. They should be disposed of while the soil is moist and the roots are still weak.

garden cleaning

Paths in the garden and garden need to be cleared of old growth and moss. This can be done with a stiff brush and a fairly strong jet of water from a hose. Next, we check the integrity of flowerpots, containers, flower pots and restore it, clean them of debris and plant residues and treat them with herbicides. We replace the old earth with fresh, dry the rhizomes and tubers of plants. If your site has a greenhouse, then this is just the thing. auspicious time for its repair, if during the winter it somehow suffered.

Soil mulching

When everything is cleaned and repaired, you can begin to mulch the soil in the garden, in flower beds and in the garden. This is necessary, since a thick layer of mulch helps to create favorable conditions for plants, warms the roots from the cold and protects from burning sun rays. In addition, thanks to him, moisture is miraculously preserved in the soil, weeds do not grow and harmful insects do not penetrate. In addition, mulched soil has a beneficial effect on the yield of zucchini, cucumbers, pumpkins and strawberries, and also reduces the likelihood of their decay. Yes, and the mulched soil looks much nicer. For mulching, you can use leaves, covering cloth, sawdust and other improvised materials.

bark mulch

top dressing

Further, be sure at the beginning of spring, in March, you need to feed the soil (regardless of its condition). Thus, you will ensure good growth and development of your plants, their high yield and excellent decorative qualities. The composition of fertilizers must necessarily include nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus, which are part of the well-known fertilizers "Nitrofoska" and "Azofoska". The easiest way is to scatter fertilizers over the plot or beds in the amount indicated in the annotation.

In addition, on the same days, you can dig up the soil and at the same time add mineral fertilizers and ash to it. After digging, the soil should be leveled with a rake. Ridges can be made on heavy soils.

The soil

Under crops, the land should be allocated well-fertilized, loose, but not acidic. Such land is prepared by mixing humus, peat, fertile soil, tree resin and mineral fertilizers.

Planting early crops

When the soil is prepared, you can start planting all kinds of crops. In March, you can plant seeds of cabbage (white and cauliflower), tomatoes, onions, and beets for seedlings.

In the southern regions of the country in March, you can sow in open ground early vegetables and herbs.

tree pruning

In March, when the threat of frost has passed, a low positive temperature will set in, fruit trees and shrubs need to be cut. The pruned crowns of trees ideally have the shape of an open bowl, which will provide air access to the branches and the necessary lighting. Pruning of branches is done when the buds on the plants have not yet swollen.

Planting seedlings

At the same time, immediately after the snow melts, you can plant tree seedlings. At this time, they are still sleeping, so the time is favorable for landing. Planting is carried out in the order that is known to many gardeners. We dig a landing hole, line its bottom with manure, on it - a small layer of fertilized soil. We place the seedling in the prepared hole, straighten the roots, sprinkle it with earth and compact it. It is advisable to install a peg-support near the seedling for the first time. So that the earth does not dry out around the roots, seedlings need to be watered occasionally.

In the southern regions of the country, early vegetables and greens can be sown in March.

April

In the April days of work in the garden, you will not decrease, because you need to continue cleaning the topsoil, removing the bark around the kidneys. By this time, the garbage on the site will dry out well and the ground too. It should be collected carefully and burned.

Pest control

Black viburnum aphid

If last season your garden was attacked by ticks, suckers, psyllids, aphids, then the shrubs and trees in it should be sprayed with nitrofen. This must be done before the buds open. Care must be taken to dig and loosen the ground around the trees. This will help improve the quality of the soil, and will kill infections and pests.

It is also useful for some time to cover the trunk circles with cellophane so that pests from their winter homes do not rush to the trees. Cellophane can be safely removed when the moth stops flying.

Vaccinations

Spring is the best time for grafting trees. Moreover, the vaccination can be done both by the kidney and by the cutting. Cutting shoots survive better, and it is very difficult for shoots obtained from a grafted bud to survive the winter. Cuttings are best done in the second half of spring. This is done with a sharp knife or secateurs. The main condition for success in this business is very close contact between the scion and the rootstock. Having mastered this art, you can start any varieties on your site, having several basic trees.

Flower beds with perennials

Now let's turn our attention to the flower beds with perennials. Herbaceous perennials are best divided in early spring. Separated rhizomes of phloxes, bluebells, chrysanthemums grow more actively, they bloom longer and more magnificently. Large specimens of bushes can be divided with a simple shovel. Dissect them between the kidneys. Rhizomes of small plants can be cut with a simple garden knife.

perennial phlox

Lawn

If you have a green lawn, then in order for it to please you with its emerald greenery all summer long, you need to take care of it in the spring. To do this, you need to feed him, comb out, aerate and weed.

Lawn fertilization

Lawns benefit greatly from early fertilization with nitrogen fertilizers. They need to be applied as soon as the snow melts. Even before the appearance of the first grass, it is necessary to apply a complex fertilizer containing not only nitrogen, but also potassium and phosphorus.

Lawn cleaning

After that, you need to remove the accumulated debris and vegetable felt, as they interfere with the growth of grass and worsen the lighting. For this, lawn rakes are used. They will collect garbage with felt, and scratch the soil to provide air access to the roots.

Aeration

It is also possible to pierce dense soil with ordinary pitchforks for air access.

At the end of spring, weeding is done. If there are few weeds, then manual weeding is enough; if it is difficult to handle manually, then herbicides can be applied.

Pest control

It is no secret that in the spring, along with plants, insect pests begin to actively behave, which bring great harm to shrubs and fruit trees in gardens and vegetable gardens.

It is necessary to make a thorough inspection of all branches and pay special attention to fastened dry leaves, as they may turn out to be nests of hawthorn and golden tail. They are collected by hand and destroyed (preferably at the stake).

If weevils are found, then they should be destroyed in cold weather, when they are numb and will not move. To do this, you need to spread cellophane under the tree and shake the branches. Insects from the branches will crumble and then they can be burned.

weevil beetle

Moths and leafworms are destroyed with an infusion of wood ash or mustard, but you can get rid of suckers with an infusion of garlic with tobacco. Also, in order to control pests, trees are sprayed with a solution of copper sulfate, iron sulfate, urea, Bordeaux mixture, and a laundry soap solution is successfully used against aphids.

Among other things, there is still a lot of other work, such as cleaning reservoirs, repairing and putting in order. garden furniture, planting flowers.

May

planting vegetables

In May, it is time to plant various vegetable and ornamental crops. At this time, carrots, greens, cucumbers, watermelons and melons, onions, radishes and everything they consider necessary are sown in central Russia, and in the south of Russia, seedlings of cucumbers, tomatoes, peppers, eggplants, cabbage are planted in open ground.