Tying a cast-iron radiator. Radiator piping - diagrams, equipment used. Battery Connection Optimization - Options

In order for the autonomous type heating system to work as efficiently and efficiently as possible, it is important not only to choose the right heating devices included in its design, but also to connect them accordingly, using the optimal schemes for connecting heating radiators in a private house.

The comfort of living in the house directly depends on how competently and professionally this will be done, so it is best to entrust the calculations and installation of the system to specialists. But, if necessary, you can perform the installation work yourself, paying attention to the following points:

Correct wiring installation.
The sequence of connection of all elements of the system, including pipelines, locking and control valves, boiler and pumping equipment.
Selection of optimal heating equipment and accessories.

Before you connect a heating radiator in a private house, you must familiarize yourself with the following installation and placement standards for these devices:

The distance from the bottom of the battery to the floor is 10-12 cm.
The gap from the top of the radiator to the window sill is at least 8-10 cm.
The distance from the rear panel of the device to the wall is at least 2 cm.

Important: Failure to comply with the above standards can lead to a decrease in the level of heat transfer from heaters and incorrect operation of the entire heating system.

Another important point, which is worth considering before installing heating radiators in a private house: their location in the premises. It is considered optimal when installed under windows. In this case, they create additional protection from the cold entering the house through window openings.

Please note that in rooms with several windows, it is better to install radiators under each of them, connecting them in series. IN corner rooms it is also necessary to install several sources of heating.

The radiators connected to the system must have automatic or manual heat regulation. To this end, they are equipped with special ones designed to select the optimal temperature regime depending on the operating conditions of these devices.

Types of piping

Connection of heating radiators in a private house can be carried out by one-pipe or two-pipe scheme.

The first method is widely used in multi-storey buildings, in which hot water first, it is fed through the supply pipe to the upper floors, after which, having passed through the radiators from top to bottom, it enters the heating boiler, gradually cooling down. Most often in such a scheme there is a natural circulation of the coolant.

The photo shows a single-pipe connection diagram with a bypass (jumper)

Its main advantages:

Not high price and material intensity.
Relative ease of installation.
Compatible with various types of underfloor heating systems and radiators.
Possibility of installation in rooms with different layouts.
Aesthetic appearance due to the use of only one pipe.

Minuses:

The complexity of carrying out hydro- and heat calculations.
The inability to regulate the heat supply on a separate radiator, without affecting the rest.
High level of heat loss.
Necessary high blood pressure heat carrier.

Please note: During the operation of a single-pipe heating system, difficulties may arise with the circulation of the coolant through the pipeline. However, they can be solved by installing pumping equipment.

Two-pipe scheme connecting heating batteries in a private house is based on a parallel method of connecting heating devices. That is, the branch supplying the coolant is supplied to the system, in this case it is not connected with the branch through which it returns, and their connection is carried out at the end point of the system.

Advantages:

Possibility of using automatic temperature controllers.
Serviceability. If necessary, shortcomings and errors made during installation can be corrected without damage to the system.

Flaws:

Higher installation costs.
Longer installation time compared to a single-pipe type of wiring.

Radiator connection options

To know how to properly connect a heating battery, you need to consider that in addition to the types of piping, there are several schemes for connecting batteries to the heating system. These include the following options for connecting heating radiators in a private house:

Lateral (unilateral).

In this case, the connection of the outlet and supply pipes is made on one side of the radiator. This method of connection allows to achieve uniform heating of each section at minimal cost for equipment and a small amount of coolant. Most often used in multi-storey buildings, with big amount radiators.

Useful information: If the battery connected to the heating system in a one-way scheme has a large number of sections, the efficiency of its heat transfer will be significantly reduced due to the weak heating of its remote sections. It is better to ensure that the number of sections does not exceed 12 pieces. or use another connection method.

Diagonal (cross).

It is used when connecting to a heating system with a large number of sections. In this case, the supply pipe, as in the previous connection option, is located at the top, and the return pipe is at the bottom, but they are located on opposite sides of the radiator. Thus, heating of the maximum battery area is achieved, which increases heat transfer and improves the efficiency of space heating.

Lower.

This connection scheme, otherwise called "Leningrad", is used in systems with a hidden pipeline laid under the floor. In this case, the connection of the inlet and outlet pipes is made to the lower branch pipes of the sections located at opposite ends of the battery.

The disadvantage of this scheme is heat loss, reaching 12-14%, which can be compensated by the installation of air valves designed to remove air from the system and increase battery power.

For quick dismantling and repair of the radiator, its outlet and inlet pipes are equipped with special taps. To adjust the power, it is equipped with a temperature control device, which is installed on the supply pipe.

What they have, you can find out from a separate article. It also contains a list of popular manufacturers.

And about what it is, read in another article. Volume calculation, installation.

Selection Tips instantaneous water heater on the faucet. Device, popular models.

Installation

As a rule, the installation of the heating system and the installation of heating radiators is carried out by invited specialists. However, using the listed methods for connecting heating radiators in a private house , you can install the batteries yourself, strictly following the technological sequence of this process.

If you perform these works accurately and competently, ensuring the tightness of all connections in the system, there will be no problems with it during operation, and installation costs will be minimal.

The photo shows an example of a diagonal installation method.

The procedure for this will be as follows:

We dismantle the old radiator (if necessary), having previously blocked the heating line.
We mark the place of installation. The radiators are fixed on brackets that need to be attached to the walls, taking into account regulatory requirements described earlier. This must be taken into account when marking.
Attach brackets.
We collect the battery. To do this, we install adapters on the mounting holes in it (they come with the device).

Attention: Usually two adapters are left-handed and two are right-handed!

We also use locking caps to plug unused collectors. To seal the joints, we use sanitary flax, winding it on the left thread counterclockwise, on the right - clockwise.
We fasten ball-type valves to the junctions with the pipeline.
We hang the radiator in place and connect it to the pipeline with mandatory sealing of the joints.
We make pressure testing and trial start-up of water.

Thus, before connecting a heating battery in a private house, it is necessary to determine the type of wiring in the system and its connection diagram. At the same time, installation work can be performed independently, taking into account the established standards and process technology.

How the installation of heating batteries in a private house is carried out, the video will show you clearly.

The tasks of the heating system include optimal and uniform heating various premises in winter, so the connection of the radiator must be made in accordance with all the rules.

Purpose of the heating system

In a private house or apartment, it should be set from 18 to 25 degrees. In winter, this indicator can only be achieved with a high-quality heating system. Its efficiency must correspond to the area of the building, must be correct scheme.

Heating devices compensate for heat losses, which are mandatory in any room, as heat escapes through windows, doors and even communication elements.

It is especially necessary to pay attention to what heater connection schemes exist, and choose the right option. It is advisable to make a choice at the stage of building a house or apartment.

The best is the connection of heating radiators to central system, because in this case we obtain an effective and reliable system providing uniform and constant heating in winter. Many private houses are located far from the city, so it is not always possible to use a connection to centralized heating.

That's why have to create their own autonomous systems, which:

must have high efficiency;
if desired, you can do it yourself;
numerous nodes must be correctly formed and adjusted;
installation must be carried out in accordance with all requirements and conditions;
a reliable and correct piping of the system must be provided.

To ensure uniform and high-quality heating of the premises in the house, it is important to know what elements affect it:

Proper network wiring, which affects the efficiency of heating and how evenly the rooms will heat up, and the price for heating also depends on this.
The right equipment for the system, for which you need to make calculations that will determine what efficiency, power and other parameters the main elements should have. It depends on the fuel consumption.
Proper installation of the main components and elements of the heating system, which include pipelines, radiators, fittings, a boiler with a pump. If any actions are not performed correctly, the heating will work poorly or stop functioning altogether.

Read also: We mount cast iron radiator heating

Before installation of all heating elements, you need to calculate and select the connection scheme for heating radiators. It is necessary to choose batteries that will have the desired efficiency and other characteristics. Other installation materials must be purchased. The work itself should be carried out independently only after carefully studying the instructions.

How to choose a scheme

First you need to know what are connection types heating radiators:

(serial connection);
(parallel connection).

The piping itself to the batteries can be done in the following ways:

bottom;
unilateral;
diagonal.

All have their own characteristics. Some nodes are mounted in various ways.

If it is supposed to carry out the installation of a serial circuit, then there should not be more than 12 sections on one battery in the gravitational network. If applicable circulation pump, then there should not be more than 24 sections. In this case, you can achieve the highest efficiency of the system and high safety of its use.

Installation rules

Before connecting the radiator, the following requirements must be considered:

the distance from the floor to the battery should be approximately 10 cm;
from the window sill to the radiator, the distance is 10 cm;
all nodes must be connected in accordance with the requirements specified by the manufacturers;
from the wall to the product should be more than 2 cm.

Work process

When connecting the following steps must be taken:

At the place where it is supposed to mount the device, it is necessary to apply markings that will indicate future areas for the brackets.
Brackets are fixed to the wall of the room.
On the radiators themselves, piping is carried out, which involves the installation of shut-off and control valves. Usually Mayevsky cranes are used for this.
Other additional components and elements are installed, which include plugs or valves.
The radiator itself is mounted, for which it is attached to the brackets. It is important to properly adjust the device so that there are no distortions or other problems.
The battery is connected to the pipeline in one of the ways: diagonal, lower or one-sided.
The structure is pressure tested, then water can be let in to check the tightness and correct operation of the equipment.
Use of heating.

Previously, we have already considered the issue of installing a heating system in an apartment in one of our previous articles, who have not yet read it, we advise you to read it by clicking on the direct link by clicking on its name " How to make heating in the apartment with your own hands ". In this article, we mentioned the installation of heating radiators in an apartment. Today we will consider in more detail the schemes for connecting heating batteries, as well as their advantages and disadvantages.

To date, there are only two main schemes of heating systems:

Single pipe;
Two-pipe

Single pipe heating system

The principle of operation of this system is clear from the name. Hot water from the heating boiler is supplied to the building, flowing down the upper level through the heating devices that are installed in the apartments of a multi-storey building or the premises of a private house. This system is very common in all typical apartments. Everything would be fine if not for one - but ... The disadvantage of this system is that it is not possible to regulate the temperature of heating devices (batteries and radiators) without installing additional structural elements. In addition, since warm water travels a significant distance, reaching the lower floor or the outermost room, it noticeably loses temperature, which is why the following rooms will always be colder than the previous ones.

Two-pipe heating systems

In this system, two lines of pipes are used, warm water is supplied through one, and the cooled water is returned to the heating through the other. Compared to a single-pipe heating system, in which the radiators are connected in series, in a two-pipe heating system, the heating radiators are connected in parallel independently of each other. This heating system is usually used in private houses or cottages. The advantage of such a system is that the temperature of the heating devices in all rooms is the same, and to regulate the temperature in the room, it is enough just to install a thermostat at the supply pipe.

Before proceeding to the battery connection diagram, let's take a closer look at their design, principle of operation and additional devices.

Radiator

Well, everything seems to be clear except for the “bypass”. " bypass "- this is just a small piece of pipe, which is placed between the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe, or as it is called the "return". The diameter of the "bypass" pipe should be slightly smaller than the diameter of the main pipes (supply and return). There is a need to install this device only when it is necessary to install a thermostat on a radiator with a single-pipe heating system.

Now let's move on to the heating radiator connection diagram. There are several ways to lay pipes and connect radiators, we will consider only the most common ones:

One-way connection of heating radiators

To date, the most common is lateral unilateral connection of heating radiators . With this connection of radiators, hot water enters the upper pipe of the battery, and the cooled water leaves through the lower pipe. Scheme this method connection gives maximum heat transfer. If only to move the supply with a return (hot down - cold up), the power drops by about 8%.

Diagonal connection of radiators

This piping option is usually used for long radiators. Thanks to this connection method, it is possible to evenly heat the radiator along the entire length. As with a one-sided connection, the supply pipe must be connected to the upper radiator pipe, but the outlet pipe to the lower one, but on the other side. When connected in reverse, the radiator power drops by 10-11%.

Bottom connection of radiators

This type of connection of heating batteries is used only in cases where the heating pipe system itself is hidden in the floor. Although beautiful, but with a side connection scheme, we get 8-10% less heat transfer from the radiator.

Lastly, let's remind rules for installing heating radiators in residential premises .

Typically, batteries are installed under windows not because it is beautiful, but because the hot air flow coming from the radiators creates a kind of curtain that does not allow cold and drafts from the window to pass into the room.

To achieve optimal heat transfer parameters of radiators, certain installation distances should be adhered to:

- The height of the radiator installation above the floor should be from 10 to 13 cm;

- The distance between the wall and the radiator should be within 2-5 cm;

- From the top of the niche or window sill, the radiator should be located 7 - 11 cm.

Comfortable living conditions in a country cottage cannot be created without a high-quality heating system. It should be efficient and economical enough so that during the heating period it is warm in the living rooms, and energy costs do not go too high. To achieve this, you need to choose the right type of heating system, and then choose the most suitable option connection of heating radiators in a private house.

Source domsdelat.ru

Types of heating systems

The heating system in a private house can be:

air;

electric;

Air system

This option operates without a coolant. The air in the house is heated directly from heating devices - stoves or convectors. With such a system, heating radiators are not used. Air heating is convenient for heating compact country houses. For large cottages, it is used extremely rarely.

electrical system

In such a system, heat is transferred through current conductors. Electric underfloor heating works on this principle. Heating with an electrical system can be quite convenient. But its arrangement requires increased attention to safety rules, and during operation it is expensive for home owners.

water system

A type of heating system in which heat is transferred by means of water (sometimes steam) as a heat carrier. The coolant flows from the heating device through pipes to the heating radiators. This option is considered the most convenient and practical. Most often in country houses heating is arranged in this way.

Source heatsun.net

Types of heating boilers

The central element of the heating system is the boiler - a heating device in which the coolant reaches the desired temperature. The scheme for connecting heating in a private house largely depends on which boiler is used in it.

By appointment, boilers are divided into double-circuit and single-circuit. The first option is equipment designed for both heating and water heating. A single-circuit boiler heats only the heat carrier for heating. According to the method of installation, they are divided into floor and wall.

Boilers also differ in the type of fuel with which the coolant is heated. There are boilers of the following types:

electrical;

solid fuel;

liquid fuel;

combined.

For the operation of solid fuel boilers, coal, firewood, less often peat and other options for solid combustible materials are used. Diesel or used oils are used as liquid fuel for boilers of the corresponding type.

Source otoplenie-gid.ru

Majority country cottages heated gas boilers. In non-gasified areas, heating with electricity is often used. Solid fuel and liquid fuel boilers are completely independent of communication networks. The first option is more attractive because it requires traditional firewood and coal, rather than dangerous combustible liquids.

The most prudent homeowners install combination boilers in their homes designed to work on different types fuel. For example, you can install an electric boiler, supplemented by a combustion chamber for solid fuel in order to switch to wood heating in the event of a power failure.

Double-circuit boilers that provide housing with heat and warm water, this is mainly gas appliances. They are versatile as they save homeowners the hassle of buying and installing a separate water heater.

Source pikucha.ru

On our website you can find contacts construction companies who offer home insulation services

Heating radiator device

The heating radiator consists of several heat exchange sections. The more sections, the higher the battery power, respectively. There are such models of radiators that can be “growth” with new sections, if necessary, already during operation.

Through all sections there is one collector at the top and one at the bottom. Each section has a vertical channel connecting the upper and lower collectors. This applies to all sections, including the extreme ones. Therefore, the radiator has 4 outputs, but only two of them are used. One is connected to the coolant supply pipe, and the second serves to drain the cooled water back to the boiler. Unused outlets are closed with plugs. This is how most radiators work.

Source mr-build.ru

Types of pipe system

In the scheme of the heating system, the relative position of the inlet of the coolant supply and the outlet of the "return" is of fundamental importance. It depends on the direction of the coolant and on the type of pipe system.

Single pipe system

This is a simplified version of arranging heating in a cottage. This option is quite economical, as it requires fewer pipes for wiring and is performed with less labor costs for installation work. The system is a chain of radiators connected by a single pipe. The coolant heated in the boiler enters each radiator in turn, flowing from one to the other. That is, the "return" from one battery becomes the supply for the next, and so on.

The single-pipe scheme for connecting heating radiators in a private house has one significant drawback - with it, the radiators heat up unevenly. The hottest will always be the first radiator, and further from battery to battery, the temperature will gradually decrease. Therefore, it is impossible to maintain the same temperature in all rooms with single-pipe heating.

Source utepleniedoma.com

With certain planning features, a single-pipe system may be quite suitable. So, if in small house the radiator chain will start from living rooms and end with technical rooms, this option may be optimal. But in spacious cottages it is better to install two-pipe heating.

Two-pipe system

More expensive to set up, but simple and easy to use option. In this system, two lines of pipes function simultaneously. The first supplies hot water to each battery. That is, there is one pipe entering each radiator. The coolant, before entering the radiator, regardless of its location in the circuit, does not enter neighboring radiators, but goes directly. The second pipe collects the return from all radiators and delivers it to the heating manifold.

The advantages of the bottom type of wiring are that almost the same temperature is achieved at all points of heat exchange. Such a system lends itself better to adjustment and provides uniform heating of the entire building.

Source ro.decorexpro.com

Beam (collector) system

The collector circuit is a variant of a two-pipe connection, but with a more complex wiring. It is used in cases where pipes need to be hidden, for example under flooring. In this case, two collectors are equipped - for supply and return, and one pipe extends from each radiator to the first collector, and one more to the second.

In some connection schemes, two types of system are used. The whole house can be heated on a two-pipe principle, but for a separate area, such as a veranda or a large living room, a bunch of several radiators are used on a single-pipe principle. When developing a two-pipe scheme for connecting heating batteries in a private house, the main thing is not to get confused in the supply and return manifolds.

Source firmacz.ru

Scheme of connecting radiators to the heating system

The coolant moves through the pipes and channels of the batteries due to two factors. The first is the desire of the liquid to fill the voids. With absence air locks a natural dynamic head of the coolant is created. The second factor is the movement of flows of different temperatures. Hot water tends to rise, displacing cold water into the lower stream.

Diagonal top connection

Diagonal connection of radiators with top feed allows you to equip the most efficient space heating. Hot water is supplied to the upper inlet, inside it spreads through the sections, and, cooling down, goes down, after which it is forced out into the lower inlet to the return manifold located on the other side of the radiator.

Source radiator-prado.ru

Bidirectional bottom connection

The supply is carried out at the bottom entrance on one side, and the return exits from the bottom entrance on the other side of the battery. The efficiency in this case is lower than in the previous version. But such a connection allows you to hide the pipes as much as possible.

Source hi.decorexpro.com

One-way bottom top connection

Used mainly in multi-storey buildings. In cottages on 2 or 3 floors with one-pipe heating, it is also sometimes used. The difference between the lower and upper connections is that in the first case, hot water is supplied to the lower inlet and is discharged under pressure through the upper inlet, and in the second case, the opposite happens. In both cases, the plant and the coolant outlet are located on the same side. It should be noted that of all existing options one-way bottom connection is the most inefficient.

Video description

Which radiator connection system to choose

Other options

Theoretically, it is also possible to use a diagonal connection with a bottom inlet or a double-sided connection with a top inlet. These two options will also work if done correctly. However, the functioning of the system will be greatly hampered by the intersection of flows. Therefore, it is better not to experiment and take a diagonal top connection or a two-sided bottom connection as a basis.

Location of radiators

For high-quality heating of a cottage, it is necessary not only to correctly choose a heating scheme, but also to correctly position the batteries in the premises. The installation of heating batteries in a private house is carried out on the basis of calculations made by specialists. The number of radiators and sections for each radiator is determined taking into account various factors:

volume of premises;

the level of heat loss of the building;

radiator tie-in scheme;

at what height the batteries will be installed, and much more.

Video description

Typically, radiators are located under the windows. This creates a barrier to the cold air flow coming from the window. In addition, the air coming from the window opening is "dried" by the heat from the radiator, as a result, condensate does not collect on the surfaces in the room. The battery should be slightly narrower than the window, and it should be placed in the center relative to the window opening.

The radiator should not adjoin the upper part to the window sill, as this complicates the process of heat distribution. From the floor to the bottom level of the battery should be about 100 mm. A higher location will cause the air directly above the floor to warm up poorly. If you install the radiators too low, it will be difficult to clean the accumulated dust under them.

When planning the installation of batteries, it is necessary to take into account the features of the wall. Modern batteries are not very heavy, but in some cases the characteristics of the wall require strengthening the surface on which the bracket for the heating elements will be mounted.

Video description

Installation of heating radiators

On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer water supply installation services, sewerage and heating. You can directly communicate with representatives by visiting the exhibition of houses "Low-Rise Country".

Conclusion

The process of calculating, designing and installing a heating system can only be trusted by qualified specialists. But the most simple rules connecting radiators should be known to every homeowner. Efficient Principle connection and location of heating equipment is a guarantee that a favorable and comfortable microclimate will always reign in the house.

One of the reasons for the insufficiently good operation of the heating system in the house is the illiterate installation of heating batteries, the incorrect calculation of the number of sections in the battery, or the incorrect location of the radiators in the room and throughout the building. Therefore, indicated in the passport specifications batteries will not be fulfilled. Proper installation of heating radiators involves the use of several schemes, and you need to know them before choosing the most optimal one.

How is the radiator

Structurally, any radiator is an assembly of heating sections combined into one unit (positions No. 1 and No. 2 in the figure below) by a collector. There can be any number of such sections in one radiator, but usually the maximum number is 10-12 pieces. Sections can be added or removed as they are threaded together. Some models of radiators are made non-separable, which complicates their non-repair operation.

1 - collector from above;
2 - collector from below;
3 - vertical sectional channels in the radiator;
4 - radiator housing, working as a heat exchanger.

Vertical channels are interconnected (position No. 4), and hot water flows through them. Both collectors have an input and an output (in the diagram for the collector on top, these are B1 and B2, for the collector below, these are B3 and B4).

The supply of heated water from the heat generator is connected to the inlet, and a return pipe (“return pipe”) is connected to the outlet. Unnecessary holes are closed with screw plugs. When buying a new radiator, all the necessary parts for assembly, including plugs, are included in the basic package. Exactly correct installation heating radiators and the connection scheme of the collectors determines the efficiency of the heating system. A Mayevsky crane, which is also included in the kit, is usually installed on one free exit. Effective installation of radiators includes two main schemes - 1-pipe and 2-pipe methods for connecting heating radiators. The choice of scheme depends on how the supply and return will be connected to the system. Within the framework of the selected scheme, the connection of pipes with coolant can be top, bottom, diagonal or lateral.

Attention: The figure shows a simplified diagram of the radiator device. specific model will be structurally different.

Single pipe heating system

Such schemes for connecting heating radiators in a private house are considered the simplest and are used even in multi-apartment high-rise buildings, despite their low efficiency. The popularity of the single-pipe scheme is due to its low cost and simple installation. Therefore, connecting batteries according to this principle is one route that runs from the supply to the "return" connected to the boiler. For one floor, a single-pipe heating connection scheme in a private house is as follows:

It is clear from the figure that the return pipe of the previous battery is the supply pipe of the next radiator. There is only one drawback of such a scheme - in each next radiator the temperature will be lower than in the previous one. In addition to horizontal pipe connection with hot water there is also a vertical circuit, and this is also a good connection. This scheme is usually implemented in apartment building, it is mounted in two versions - "a" and "b":

According to scheme "a", the pipe with the coolant is supplied from above, and the water is directed downward.
According to scheme "b", the lower connection of heating radiators is implemented.

Option "b" is used to save materials, since this scheme has the main disadvantage - the temperature on each next radiator drops even more than in option "a".

Two-pipe scheme

Before connecting a heating radiator, you need to study the 2-pipe option, which is considered more efficient, simple and able to adjust the temperature in each heater. But connecting a heating radiator to a two-pipe system will require more building materials and higher labor costs.

The advantage of implementing such a scheme is obvious - in each radiator the temperature is maintained as efficiently as possible, at a constant and stable level, and the location and remoteness of the heaters from the heat generator does not matter. Two-pipe connection of the heating battery is also carried out in multi-apartment high-rise buildings. The supply and "return" are muffled from above, and it turns out the connection of two vertical collectors running in parallel.

In practice, other two-pipe heating schemes are also used - collector, it is also “radiant” or “star”. But such complex wiring is mainly used for the installation of hidden wiring, for example, under the floor. It is clear from the figure that it is necessary to first assemble the collector itself, and from it to separate the heating pipes throughout the premises of the house.

Before you properly connect the heating battery, you need to understand which scheme will be most effective for a particular room and its geometry. Often, batteries are connected in two ways - 1-pipe and 2-pipe - even in the same room.

Radiator connection diagonally with top feed

Option "A" (see figure below) is considered the most effective. If the batteries are connected according to this option, then in the calculations of the heating system for the circuit, a correction factor of 1 is introduced, and for other connection options, corrections in one direction or another. Heated water passes through the pipe line without hindrance, the pipes are 100% filled, there is no air in them. As a result, the heat exchanger is heated evenly over the entire area, which leads to maximum heat transfer to the room.

A - diagonal connection of heating radiators with top supply;
B - one-sided scheme with top feed.

Option "B" is traditionally implemented in a 1-pipe scheme. This scheme was most widely used when connecting risers with a coolant supply from above in high-rise buildings or when connecting pipes with a supply from below on descending heating mains.

On the positive side, the circuit works as efficiently as possible if there are few sections in the battery.

Negative moment: with a large number of heat exchange sections, the pressure in the system may not be enough to force water through the uppermost ring. Therefore, water can flow through the near vertical sections of the battery, which will provoke stagnation in certain sections of the heating main.

Approximate number of radiator sections per room - table:

Brand	thermal return,	Room area, m 2 (ceiling 2.7 m high)
		8,0	10,0	12,0	14,0	16,0	18,0	20,0	22,0	24,0	26,0	28,0	30,0	32,0	34,0	36,0	38,0	40,0
		Required number of sections
A350 aluminum radiator	0,14	b	7	8	9	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24
A500 aluminum radiator	0,186	5	6	7	8	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22
S500 aluminum radiator	0,201	4	5	b	7	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21
Bimetal radiator L350	0,14	7	8	9	10	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24
Bimetal radiator L500	0,19	b	7	8	9	AND	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23

Even standard sizes heating batteries will give heat losses up to 5%. And with an increased number of sections, heat losses on each radiator can reach 10%. Therefore, when connecting heating radiators to the piping circuit, it is better to install batteries according to the first method - “A”.

Radiator connection options

Water supply from below with one-sided pipe connection

The scheme has a low efficiency, but with the lower connection of the coolant supply pipe, it is used very often, even in high-rise buildings. The option justifies itself with ease of installation, economical use of building materials and low labor costs.

Cons of connecting according to this option:

The appearance of a zone of stagnant water, which will lead to cooling of the farthest radiator.
Losses during heat transfer can rise up to 20-25%.

Double Sided Bottom Feed

The option is used both in private houses and in multi-apartment skyscrapers. This scheme allows you to mask the pipe line in the wall or under the floor. Efficiency is low, but it is precisely because of the possibility of covert pipe laying that the option is popular.

Flaws:

Losses during heat transfer can rise up to 10-15%.
The upper sections of the battery sections will warm up less due to the oncoming flows of the cooled coolant, as the hot water will tend to move along the lower collector.

Diagonal bottom connection

The most inefficient installation of heating batteries, but there may be cases of forced installation of just such a scheme.

Flaws:

As mentioned above, the pressure in the line may not be enough to warm up the upper rings of the heating system as much as possible.
In addition, the resistance and temperature difference play a role. Therefore, if a radiator with more than the calculated number of sections is installed, a stagnation zone may appear under the coolant return pipe.
Heat losses during heating installation according to a similar scheme are ≤ 20%.

Top connection on both sides

Before you properly connect the radiator, you must understand that this option is inefficient. Flaws:

The coolant is supplied through the upper collector, which means that it will not flow down, and the lower part of the battery will always be cold.
This option is also used in exceptional cases when there are no other solutions. More or less effective can be considered the connection of high radiators according to this scheme.

Battery Connection Optimization - Options

With the existing pipe wiring, you don’t want to change it, but often this option is more profitable than replacing a radiator or changing the entire battery connection scheme in the system. You can optimize the connection of pipes directly connected to the battery if the heating radiator piping is changed geometrically (see the figure below):

Companies that manufacture heating batteries and radiators almost always produce models designed for connection via different options tie-ins, but most optimal solution connection, at least in Moscow, is considered a diagonal option, which is indicated as the most effective in the device passport. Also in the instruction manual (and possibly on the device itself) the correct direction of flow and other useful parameters are indicated. If it is not possible to purchase the above radiator, heat transfer is optimized using a valve.

Such a valve is mounted between the sections, blocking the intersection nipple. A heating pipe is inserted inside the valve, supplying or discharging the coolant - this depends on the selected option for connecting the battery.

Another option for optimizing heat transfer is a flow extender. This is a special pipe Ø 16 mm, which is inserted into the upper collector of the radiator. If a Ø 16 mm thread does not fit the radiator or battery, then you can buy an extension cord with a different thread diameter or connect it to the battery through an adapter.

The extension cable is most effective if a diagonal connection to the battery is made from above in a one-sided version. In this connection option, the coolant enters the upper remote edge of the battery through the extension cavity and from there it moves diagonally to the lower opposite end of the radiator. Thus, a variant of the coolant is realized diagonally from top to bottom, in which all sections of the heating device are evenly heated.

Video about the operation of a 1-pipe heating system

Video about the operation of a 2-pipe heating system

The location of the radiator in the room

Even the most expensive radiator will not give the desired effect if it is not connected correctly or mounted incorrectly on the wall. Standard mounting options for heating radiators are under window openings, next to the entrance doorways, in places where there are unremovable drafts. But regarding the fastening of heating batteries on walls and other surfaces, there are also standard requirements:

Under the windowsill. Under it there is always a place for a battery, since other interior items are simply not needed there. All drafts from the window are minimized by heat flow from the radiator. With this arrangement of the device, its total length should not exceed ¾ of the width of the entire window. If this rule is followed, the heat output will be maximum. The radiator should be mounted in the center of the window, the tolerance to the left or right should not be more than 2 cm.
Between the window sill and the battery there must be a distance in height of at least 10 cm (or at least ¾ of the thickness of the heating battery), but not more than 15 cm, otherwise the window sill plane will retain the entire heat flow or not reflect it with a high mount.
The distance between the battery and the wall on which it is mounted should not be less than 2 cm. A shorter distance provokes the accumulation of debris and dust, which, in turn, reduces the heat transfer of the device.

These requirements are not fixed in GOST, therefore they are advisory. If there are no other recommendations from the manufacturer, then it is best to take these tips into account when attaching any radiator. But most often the manufacturer in the radiator passport indicates optimal scheme its mounting on the wall, which should be used.

Conclusion

After considering the main options for connecting heaters to the heating system, their main disadvantages, as well as the advantages of each connection option, clearly emerge. In addition, the considered options for optimizing heat transfer can be applied to any scheme, and recommendations for mounting radiators are always needed when installing a heating system in an apartment or in a private house.