The location of the well on the site. How to find water for a well: we use various methods. Search for water on the site in folk ways

There are many folk signs on how to determine the location of the aquifer and the location of the well. So, it is believed that nature itself shows the presence of close clean water and the owner of the site just needs to pay attention to how animals behave, where certain plants grow.

Asking nature, plants and insects

So, it is believed that aquifers are located in places located lower in relation to others. Usually such places can be distinguished by the presence of bumps or bumps. Also hallmark the proximity of the aquifer is the abundant dew that falls in this place. Also in such places after sunset, fog usually spreads.

If you do not intend to wait for the dew to fall, then leave a lump of dried wool in the intended place, covering it with a clay pot. If there is an aquifer under this place, then after a while the wool will become wet.

A sign of the presence of a layer of water under the ground is a free-standing oak. It is believed that they grow only at the intersection of aquifers. The slope of a birch, maple, alder or willow can also indicate the place of concentration of water. These plants stretch their roots to the water and over the years lean towards underground moisture.

You can identify a close water vein by the grass growing on the ground. In places of concentration of aquifers, the grass will be juicy, thick and green even in drought. If your site previously had wetlands, this is a clear sign of the proximity of the aquifer.

Insects can indicate the proximity of water. Above the aquifers, you can observe swarms of mosquitoes and midges. Conversely, the presence of an anthill with red ants indicates the complete absence of water in this place.

Using the pendulum

One of the classic folk ways to determine the proximity of an aquifer is to use a pendulum. A gold ring is used as a weight. The pendulum is taken by the thread in the hand bent at a right angle at the elbow. Relax and drop your shoulder down. In order to start the search, you need to mentally tune in. Say the following phrase to yourself: “If the pendulum swings back and forth, then there is water in this place, if the pendulum swings left and right, then there is no water in this place.” This phrase must be repeated to yourself when bypassing the site.

Method for finding water with a vine

Vine search is also widely used. It is necessary to take a segment from a one-year-old vine about 15-18 centimeters long and 0.5 centimeters in cross section. Branches from willow or hazel can be used. Gently squeeze the edges of the forks in your hands. The palms should be facing the face. Go around your site if the upper edge of the vine leans towards the ground - an aquifer passes in this place.

These are the folk ways to search for an aquifer. But science does not stand still, and therefore, to accurately find the aquifer, you can take advantage of technological developments.

Drilling a test well

Combining folk omens and well scientifically based search methods (such as meteorological - identifying areas with heavy dew or lingering fog), you can start test drilling.

In addition, keep in mind that the aquifer should not be located not very deep and not very close to the surface. Too high an aquifer can cause the well to dry out during a drought. And vice versa - too deep location of the water will cause unnecessary labor costs when drilling a well and digging a well.

by the most in a simple way You can drill a well with a hand drill. The test well should be at least ten meters deep into the ground.

In order to choose the most the best place for the location of several of the most likely, the following studies should be carried out:

Locate the red bricks by the number of likely aquifer locations.
Weigh and mark each of the bricks.
Immediately bury the bricks in the places you find.
Dig up the bricks in a day and re-weigh them.
The heaviest brick will point to the place most saturated with moisture from the soil.

A test well will clearly indicate the proximity and intensity of the aquifer. After that, some other factors should be taken into account.

Determine the location for the well

In addition to having an aquifer to determine optimal location locations need to be determined. It is also very important to take into account the sanitary rules.

In order to prevent runoff and pollution from entering the well water, it must be located no closer than 25 meters from potential sources of pollutants. Such unfavorable environmental objects include toilets, garbage pits, cattle yards, sewer networks, old wells with suspected contamination, cemeteries and animal burial grounds, warehouses with a potential risk of leakage of toxic substances, fields treated with pesticides. Many poisonous substances enter ground water, and then into wells and adversely affect human health, without changing the taste of water.

Please note that many agricultural fertilizers are a potential source of disease. So, the well-known salts of nitric acid or nitrates are widely used in agronomy, but in no case should they enter the human body.

In addition, when choosing a place to build a well, pay attention to the water resistance of the top layer of soil adjacent to the building. It is also not recommended to dig wells in places that can be flooded with flood or melt water, as they carry a huge amount of dirt.

Types of well structures

The best time to dig a well is in the fall. During this season, groundwater goes deeper and you will avoid the danger of premature flooding. Before digging a well, decide on the choice of its type. It can be formed in the form of a full-fledged shaft or in the form of a rather narrow pipe equipped with a pump. In addition, pipe wells can be equipped with an additional tank into which water is pumped when elevated level water content of the layer and is consumed during droughts.

Well device

The method of protecting the well from pollution from external sources is also continued in the arrangement of the well. So, in order to exclude the impact of household dust and dirt, the head of the well rises from the ground by at least one meter. A protective platform made of waterproof building materials. To do this, you can use a clay solution. You can also surround the head of the well with a blind area formed from brick, asphalt, stone or concrete.

In order to prevent groundwater from the surface layers from seeping into clean water from the deep aquifer, the walls of the well shaft are necessarily reinforced with waterproof materials. The classic option for arranging a well shaft is wooden frame from rot-resistant wood species. However, now it is easier, cheaper and more efficient to strengthen the walls of the well with special reinforced concrete rings, to form them from brickwork or use pre-made plastic rings.

You may be interested in information about what is

Water from the aquifer should not enter the well directly, but through a filter pad. To do this, the bottom of the well is lined with a layer of gravel, river pebbles or quartz sand at least 30 cm thick.

Prices for concrete rings

concrete rings

Well maintenance

In order for your well to serve faithfully for many decades, it must be regularly serviced. To do this, measures are taken to remove surface water from the head, to observe the sanitary regime in the area adjacent to the well (within a radius of 20 meters). Regular maintenance work is carried out annually - the well is cleaned.

The water is completely pumped out. This is easiest to do with a mechanical pump. Then dirt is removed from the well walls and, if necessary, the tightness of the shaft wall materials and the cleanliness of the filter pad are checked. In case of emergency, the inner surface of the well is treated with a disinfectant solution.

Construction of a well from reinforced concrete rings

The simplest way to form a well shaft is to use reinforced concrete rings. Each of these finished products has a height of 90 centimeters and an internal section of 1 meter. When manually digging a well, simply set the ring in place and start picking up the soil inside it. Under the influence of gravity, the ring will begin to descend and gradually be below ground level. Put the second ring on the first ring and so on until you reach the aquifer.

Certain problems are caused by a clear fixation of the rings relative to each other and their connection to each other. The prefabricated reinforced concrete rings have transport lugs. A strong wire can be threaded into the eyes of two adjacent rings and twisted using a strong metal object as a lever. When forming the walls in this way, some skill and help is required, since it is necessary to connect the eyes even before the lower one has sunk into the ground.

We protect the built well

In order for the water in the well to be protected from external dirt, it is necessary to equip a cover on it. In addition, around the head even concrete well you can form a wooden frame with a roof and a gate. Not only will this look aesthetically pleasing, but it will protect the water in your waterworks.

To facilitate the lifting of water from the well, a gate or a crane lever is used. Their device is quite simple and should not cause difficulties during construction.

In order to more accurately understand the procedure for finding water and building a well, watch the training video.

There are several ways to find water for a well. Most of them have long been known and successfully applied. Such formats have been used since ancient times.

Now we will get acquainted with some of the most popular and most effective. How to find a vein for a well, we will understand in this article. The video in this article will clearly show these methods. Photos for each search method will be presented. The price of the issue is not at all high, but the process is quite interesting.

How are aquifers located in the earth?

Thanks to the waterproof layers, water is retained in the ground. They keep the liquid out deeper and to the surface.

Clay is the main component of the layers, it has great resistance to moisture. But sometimes you can find stones.

Between the layers of clay is a sandy layer that holds clean water, which is an aquifer that must be reached when digging a well.

A sand vein in one place can be thin, in another - huge. In the place of a break in the water-resistant layer, which is not located strictly horizontally, but has height differences, bends, the largest volume of water is obtained.

In the place where the clay is bent, changes the direction of height, peculiar breaks are formed, filled with wet sand. There is so much water in these areas that they are called "underground lakes".

Rules for the location of the well on the site

It is not enough to determine the place for digging a well on the site and build it even with your own hands.

Here you still need to follow all the rules for its location:

A well for water or a well should not be closer than 20-25 m from sources of pollution. These include garbage dumps, rotting products, cemeteries, and so on.
It is also necessary to protect the buildings on the site from flooding and the well is located at a distance of 10-15 m from such buildings.

Advice. Neighboring buildings are also taken into account in the layout of the well.

Basically, such rules apply to a greater extent to shaft wells, which are most often flooded. Wells are less dangerous for any buildings on the site, as they are not so large.

Search Methods

Now we will offer you some of the most acceptable and applied methods of finding water. Most importantly, they work and it will cost you absolutely nothing.

Watching the fog

For this method, you will need to observe the weather a little, although it is better to do this early in the morning:

In the warm season, early in the morning or late in the evening, it is necessary to inspect the site;
In those places where groundwater comes close, fog forms above the ground. Its consistency allows you to understand at what depth the aquifer is located.

Attention: The thicker the fog, the closer the water is. If fogs are caused by moisture rising from the soil, then they do not stand still, but rise in clubs or spread near the ground itself.

How animals behave in the heat

This method is based on the behavior of animals. Here you no longer need to get up too early. You just need to apply your observation.

So:

If the water comes close, then field mice will never make nests on the ground. They will try to move their dwelling to a height;
If there is a horse or dog in the house, it is worth observing their behavior in the summer heat. Horses are thirsty looking for water in the soil and begin to beat with their hooves where the moisture level is highest. Dogs try to at least slightly lower their body temperature, and therefore dig holes in wet places and hide there. During evaporation, moisture cools the earth, and animals tend to lie down in these places;
Poultry can also serve as a good indicator. Chickens do not lay in places where water flows. But geese always prefer areas where aquifers intersect.
In the evening, when it is no longer hot, it is good to watch the midges. Insects begin to gather in heaps, forming "columns" in the wettest places of the site, and this is where it is worth arranging.

Varieties of indicator plants on the site

Since time immemorial, man has learned about the depth of the aquifer by observing plants.

Where groundwater is very deep, moisture-loving species will never live. The abundance in the country of such plants as coltsfoot, sorrel, hemlock, nettle suggests that there is enough moisture in the soil.
In pine, the root system can “burrow” in search of water to a very great depth, which indicates that the distance to the aquifer is rather big.

We put glass jars

So:

In the morning we arrange glass jars of the same volume throughout the area and turn them over with their neck to the ground;
The next day, in the morning, we check exactly where the condensate appeared. Most likely, there is an aquifer.

Laying brick or salt

In this method, you will need what is in every pulp:

We choose the moment when the soil dries out after the rains;
We take dry salt or red brick, broken into small pieces;
Pour the prepared material into an unglazed clay pot;
Then you need to weigh everything and write down the readings, then wrap it in gauze and bury it half a meter in the ground;
We wait a day, take out the pot, after which we remove the material and re-weigh. A significant difference in mass indicates that the aquifer lies very close. Silica gel can be used as a modern moisture accumulator.

With a barometer

Its essence is as follows. If there is any water source nearby, the depth of water can be found by changing the pressure.

So:

You will need an aneroid barometer. From the course of physics, we recall that every 13 meters the pressure drop is 1 mm Hg. Art.
It is necessary to measure the air pressure in two places: near the shore of a reservoir and in the immediate place of digging a well.
The calculation is pretty simple. Assume that the pressure drop is 0.5 mmHg. Art., therefore, the water is at the level of 6-7 meters underground.

Exploration drilling

This is the most thorough and reliable method, involving drilling for the purpose of exploration. Guaranteed results are a must. An exploratory well is drilled at a depth of 6-10 meters.

To do this, you need an ordinary drill, you can use a home-made one, if any.
Once you find an aquifer and the presence of water becomes apparent, stop drilling. Everything is ready, it remains to solve the last question - a well or a well?

Attention: The choice of method or way of searching for water does not affect the duration of the service life. Both the well and the well will serve you approximately the same - a couple of decades, but with careful operation and appropriate care. Please note that a well is preferable if the water is deep and the soil is replete with stones. Stones will significantly complicate the work of the drill. If the water reservoir is located at a depth of 10-15 meters, then a well is more suitable, especially with small volumes of water consumption. If deeper, make a well.

Indication with aluminum or wicker frames

These are perhaps the most ancient methods used by the monks to look for water sources and to choose a place to build monasteries.

Method number 1

So:

We find two pieces of aluminum wire 40 cm each and bend one part 15 cm long at a right angle.
We insert them into a hollow tube, which is best cut from elderberry, removing the core.
We make sure that the wire rotates freely in the tube.
We put a tube in each hand and go through the site. The ends of the wire should be turned left and right. If an aquifer is found under your feet, then the wires will converge towards the middle. If the water passes to your left or right, the ends of the wire will turn in that direction. One has only to pass the aquifer - the wire will again unfold in different directions.
Noticing the place where the aluminum joins, walk again, but choose a direction perpendicular to the previous one. If the place of closure is confirmed, you can start digging a well there.

Method number 2

So:

It is necessary to cut a branch from the vine, on one trunk of which there are two forks located at an angle of 150º to each other.
We take it home with us and dry it.
In the country, we put the ends of the branches in both hands so that the trunk is located in the middle and is directed upwards.
We walk through the area. Water should be sought where the trunk leans towards the ground.

Aluminum with a vine give a signal that there is water in the ground. However, it can also be a top water that is not suitable for a well. Therefore, having found places with high humidity, preliminary drilling should be carried out to find out how deep the aquifer is.

And you should not think about how to find an old well, which may have already been in this area. Underground water channels change over time. Therefore, get together and determine the place yourself. There is an instruction. All work can be done entirely by hand and not incur costs. On our site you can find many articles on this topic.

The search for water is a necessary procedure before digging a source on the site. The work of digging a well or well is very time-consuming and costly, so when starting to dig, you need to be sure that there is an aquifer in this place. There are several ways to find water in a well site. Some of them are modern, while others have been used for centuries. The specialists of the Plumber Portal website will talk about the most effective methods of how to find water for a well in any area.

Water is retained in the soil due to water-resistant layers that do not allow the liquid medium to pass deeper or, conversely, to the surface of the earth. The main component of the layers is clay, which has a high degree of resistance to moisture, as well as stones.

Between the layers of clay and stones of different density is a sandy layer that holds clean water. This is the aquifer, which must be reached while digging a well structure. Therefore, before you get water, you need to have an idea about the aquifers.

In one place the sand layer can be thin, in another it can reach enormous sizes. In the place of a break in the water-resistant layer, which is not placed strictly horizontally, but has elevation changes, bends, the largest volume of water is collected.

In areas of clay curvature and changes in the height of the formation, peculiar breaks are formed, which are filled with wet sand. So much water collects in these zones that they are called "underground lakes".

But how to determine the depth of water? There is no exact answer. You can use a special map of the region, which indicates the approximate depth of the aquifer. However, it is only possible to accurately determine the location of the source during digging.

When digging a well or well, an aquifer can be found already 2-2.5 meters from ground level. But it is not recommended to use liquid from this aquifer. Water from the well should be suitable not only for irrigation and domestic needs, but also for drinking. Due to the proximity of the vein to the surface, untreated atmospheric precipitation, sewage and other wastes enter it.

Experts call such a layer - "top water". In addition, this layer is characterized by non-steel behavior. During the summer heat and drought, the source of moisture quickly disappears, and during the spring flood it often floods the land near the water. You can use such a liquid only for watering the garden and garden.

Optimal well depth for drinking water- 15 meters. Approximately at this distance from the soil surface there is a line of continental sands with a large supply of high-quality water. And the large thickness of the sand layer ensures maximum cleaning of the liquid from all kinds of contaminants and "chemistry". If such a place is found, then this is a great success, but in practice the aquifer can be much deeper.

Where can you dig a well?

It is not enough to determine the place for digging a well on the site. It is also necessary to comply strict rules its location to ensure safe and high-quality water extraction.

Rules on how to determine where to dig a well or well:

The source of drinking water should not be located closer than 20-25 m from the hotbeds of soil pollution - garbage dumps, decay products, toilets, cemeteries, and so on. Otherwise, the source of moisture may get harmful substances that will infect it with pathogenic bacteria.
It is necessary to protect the buildings on the site from flooding, so the well structure is placed at a distance of 10-15 m from all buildings. Neighboring buildings are also taken into account when the well is located.

This distance is optimal. If a plot near the water is endowed with standard four acres, densely planted and built up, then it is difficult to comply with such a norm. In this case, it is allowed to remove the water source from cesspool or a toilet about 10 meters.

According to regulatory documents, when looking for a place to dig a well on a site, you should avoid:

regularly flooded areas;
wetlands;
proximity (less than 30 meters) to motorways.

These rules must be observed when arranging shaft wells, if it is planned to dig a deep well, then the distance of the source from other objects is reduced.

If the soil on the site is clayey, then the issue of remoteness is also not so acute. At the same time, care must be taken to carefully isolate the walls by constructing an upper protecting well ring. This measure allows you to protect water from heterogeneous pollution during snowmelt and rain, when rainfall from the surface of the soil can fall into the well.

Working ways to find water

Let's take a look at some of the most effective methods how to find water for a well, which are successfully applied:

Fog watching. Before looking for water in this way, you need to wake up at dawn and inspect the site. Where moisture is close to the surface of the earth, fog forms. The thicker the nebula, the closer the aquifer. Moreover, if the fog is caused by moisture rising from the ground, then it does not stand still, but rises in clubs or spreads near the ground itself.
Animal behavior. Here you need to show your observation, watching the behavior of insects and animals. When searching for water in the soil, a horse beats with its hoof in the area with the most high level humidity. The dog is trying to lower its body temperature a little, so it looks for moisture and digs a hole where it hides its head. Mosquitoes and midges in the evening swarm in the wettest areas.

Mice never burrow if the underground water is too close to the surface. For the same reason, partridges and domestic chickens do not equip their nests. Therefore, if there are mouse holes or chicken nests, then there is no moisture in this place. But geese, swans and ducks always rush at the intersection of aquifers.

Moisture indicator plants. Some plants indicate the depth of the aquifer. In places with lush growth of coltsfoot, sorrel, hemlock, nettle, it is always quite humid. Where the liquid lies deep, moisture-loving vegetation does not live. Pines grow in areas with deep groundwater.
Glass jars. Such a search for water in the areas is based on physical properties. In the morning, it is necessary to arrange glass jars of the same volume with their neck to the ground throughout the site. The next morning, you need to check in which container the most condensate has formed. Where there is a lot of it, there is an aquifer.
Application of brick or salt. These mothers have a high degree of moisture absorption. You need to wait until the ground is completely dry after the rain. Pour dry salt or crushed red brick into an unglazed clay pot. Weigh the container with filler and record the data. Wrap the pot in cheesecloth and bury half a meter in the soil for a day. After 24 hours, remove the pot, remove the gauze and weigh again. If the mass has increased significantly, then moisture is very close.
With a barometer. Applicable if there is a reservoir nearby. Using an aneroid barometer, the change in pressure can be used to determine the depth of water. every 13 meters the pressure drop is 1 mm Hg. Art. Using this device, you need to measure the air pressure in two places: near the shore of the reservoir and in the intended place of digging the well. If the pressure drop is 0.5 mm Hg. Art., the water carrier is located at a depth of 6-7 meters.
Exploration drilling. The most accurate and reliable method involving drilling for exploration purposes. It is necessary to drill an exploration well to a depth of 7-10 meters using a conventional drill or a special device. After the discovery of an aquifer, exploration stops and digging of a well structure begins.
Neighbor experience. If there is a working well or well in the neighboring area, then you should also have water. You need to find out from your neighbors how they get water, how deep their source is, whether the level in it is stable. This is the easiest way to obtain hydrogeological data and plan work on arranging a source of life-giving moisture.

The choice of water search technology does not affect the duration of operation of the water facility. With good care and careful use, the source will last for several decades. At the same time, if the liquid is deep and there are a lot of stones in the soil, then it is better to organize a well. A well is preferable with a close location of moisture (12-17 meters) and with average volumes of water consumption.

Search for water with aluminum or vine frames

We will dwell on two more moisture indication methods in more detail, describing step by step technology search for water underground on the site.

Frames are the oldest device for searching for water underground. As soon as the phenomena of dowsing and the properties of the magnetic field were discovered, the monks began to use not only the vine, but also frames to find a place for adjusting monasteries with proximity to water sources.

So, how to find a place for a well using aluminum frames:

Prepare two pieces of aluminum wire 40 cm each and bend one part 15 cm long at a right angle.
Insert them into a hollow tube, which is best cut from elderberry, removing the core.
Make sure the wire turns freely in the tube.
Take a tube in each hand and slowly walk through the area. The ends of the wire should be turned left and right. When the device finds an aquifer, the wires converge towards the middle. If the water passes from the left or right, the ends of the wire will turn in this direction. One has only to pass the aquifer - the wire will again unfold in different directions.
Having noticed the place of aluminum closure, you need to go through again, but choose a direction perpendicular to the previous one. If the place of closure is confirmed, you can start digging a well there.

Determination of moisture in the area using a vine:

It is necessary to cut a branch from the vine, on one trunk of which there are two forks located at an angle of 150º to each other.
Dry the branch thoroughly.
Take the ends of the branches in both hands so that the trunk is located in the middle and points upwards.
Walk through the area. Water should be sought where the trunk leans towards the ground.

Not every person knows how to properly handle the vine, so dowsing is a skill of units. The most accurate information can be obtained using the frame:

in the morning from 6 to 7 o'clock;
after lunch from 4 to 5 o'clock;
in the evening from 8 to 9 o'clock;
at night from 12 to 1 o'clock.

Aluminum with a vine give a signal that there is liquid in the soil. However, it can also be a top water that is not suitable for a well. Therefore, having found areas with high humidity, preliminary drilling should be carried out in order to find out how deep the suitable aquifer is.

And do not even think to find an old well, which may have been in this area. Underground water channels change over time. Therefore, it is better to independently determine a new suitable place. Armed with the information received, you can start searching. If there is water in your area, you will definitely find it.

The editors of the site suggested 10 methods on how to find water in the area for a well, based on observations of nature and animals, on physical phenomena and scientific technologies. The most efficient, but also time-consuming, way is exploration drilling. At the same time, if you are looking for moisture deposits in the area for digging a well, you need to have an idea about the location of aquifers in the soil and the effect of depth on water quality.

The vegetation growing on the site, as well as its relief features, make it possible to determine not only the proximity of water, but also its absence. Water should not be sought in the following places:

in hilly areas;
near bodies of water, including rivers, lakes and ponds;
in the immediate vicinity of the cliffs of the rivers;
in the area where beech or acacia grows;
in close proximity to quarries or water intakes.

The plains are not suitable for drilling wells for wells

No living creature can survive without water. This means that the aquifer is like a golden vein, and it is no less exciting to look for it. Own well allows you to solve the problem of lack of central water supply on the site. But even in the absence of this problem, autonomous water supply will significantly save time and money. The main thing - when starting to search for water, use not one method, but several.

How to know where to dig a well

There have always been people who considered themselves seers and shamans who talked about their abilities ranging from preventing nuclear wars and the resurrection of the dead, ending with the determination of the location for the well. Used in the medieval ages, wicker and walnut twigs replaced wire frames. The frame itself is forced to move in different directions by the ideomotor movements of the fingers, which are difficult to see with a non-pointed eye. The same principle applies to séances. But still, the search for a place under the well has not changed: if your neighbor in the country has a well, then you can safely dig your own, if not, then you need to drill and see if there is water there or not. Unfortunately, no seer will help here.

The aquifer is single-layer or consisting of several permeable layers rock, can stretch for several square kilometers, it is along it that water moves from the very place where it collects to lower places. The very movement of water occurs with a certain power and evenly, without interruption of the flow itself, at a low speed in a laminar mode, in which different layers of water do not mix, but slide relative to each other. Water, passing through the cracks and pores of this formation, passes through filtration, and saturates this water with minerals.

The place under the well was always chosen by the owner of the site, guided by his common sense. And in the 60s in America there were still scammers who presented themselves as spellcasters who could solve problems with rain. Whether the spellcasters would receive money or be beaten depended on the rain itself.

How should a well be dug?

There are no instructions, regulations and other similar documents for the construction of a well. You need to dig, work with a crowbar, and usually this is done by a team of three people. One works with a crowbar or a shovel, puts the soil that has appeared into a bucket, the second one raises buckets or stones with a barbell above the mouth of the well, using a gate. And the third is resting. If stones are encountered, they are carefully turned out with a small crowbar, wrapped with ropes and pulled out with the help of a gate.

At a depth of 3 meters, high humidity and air is not ventilated, the temperature is not more than 10 °C. On the one hand, it is interesting to see how the work is done, but on the other hand, it becomes creepy.

Nowadays, wells are built from reinforced concrete rings similar to KS 10-9, depending on the purpose of the well, about 1 meter high and 1 m in diameter, such a ring weighs about 700-750 kg, which causes little difficulty. The very first ring is placed in a dug hole, and all the rest on it.

All of this work is done by hand heavy weight, soil usually crawls out from under the first ring, and the rings smoothly lower. The column is built up until it passes the aquifer.

If the soil is light, sand or loam, then the team can put 2-3 rings per shift. With heavy ground, rocky soil or wet clay, it takes almost an eternity.

The end of the work on creating the pit can be determined by a cold snap, as the temperature drops by about 2 degrees, and small fontanelles form on the walls.

When building a well in dry soils, you can use another scheme, in which work is first done to dig a hole under the well, and then the rings on the bar are lowered with the help of a gate.

Nature's Clues

How to choose a place for a well if there is not enough experience in this matter?

It's best to just look at the ground after a hot day. In areas where water is near the surface of the earth, after the heat, a slight haze forms in the air. Vapors flowing upwards indicate that there is a water stream below them. Fog above the ground is a faithful assistant if the owner of the site does not know how to find a place for a well.
Another way to choose locations for a well is to carefully study the area. Presence around garden plot lakes indicates that it will be quite simple to find an aquifer in the territory. Initially, it is required to measure the pressure on the shore special device. Then with the same device you should go to your site. If it shows a deviation, then the water is in this particular reservoir.
Nature also gives such a clue - an oak tree often grows in the area where water flows cross. Indicate the presence of water on the site can inclined birch, willow, alder. The branches of the trees lean towards the water - the plants pull their roots to the water vein in order to be saturated with underground moisture.
Using a pendulum will help find water for a well on the site. How to determine where to dig a well with a pendulum? For this purpose, they take a golden ring, tie it to a thread and, bending the elbow, hold the pendulum vertically down. Having tuned in mentally, with a pendulum, you need to go around the entire site. When a water vein is found, the pendulum begins to swing back and forth.
Folk signs just as often suggest how to find a place for a well. Horses feel the water very well. The search for water for a well must begin after careful observation of the animal. In the heat, the horse begins to beat strongly with its hoof in the place where the underground water vein flows. Also help to find the dog's water stream. In the heat, the dog digs a hole in the place where there is water between the layers, and lies down in it. It is better to dig a well in places where there are a large crowd of midges - insects swarm in places with high humidity. Such a sign will help determine how to find a place for a well on the site. If midges accumulate in only one zone, then the water vein will certainly be located there.
In order to successfully find a water vein, you can look not only at insects, trees and plants, but also at the topography of the earth. The relief of the soil will also tell you where it is better to place the well on personal plot. The close location of the water flow is indicated by pits and depressions of natural origin. The soil in these places is not very stable and sags over the years.

Observation in search

The ability to take note of everything and analyze the collected information has never been superfluous. It was in this way that our ancestors found water, who were not yet armed with the achievements of science and technology. What facts and phenomena of nature will help us in search of water?

Observation #1 - summer mists

Fog may appear on the site during the warm season. This natural phenomenon happens either in the early morning or in the late afternoon.

If you observe fog in your area, pay attention to its density: it will be highest in the place where the water is closest to the soil surface.

If early in the morning you see fog in your garden, swirling or concentrated in one of its corners, then we can say with confidence that there is water in your area.

The reason for the occurrence of such fog is the evaporation of water, which is underground. In one place, like ordinary fog, it will not stand. Moisture vapor can swirl or travel very low above the ground.

Observation #2 - Animal Behavior

By observing the behavior of domestic and wild animals and birds, we can get all the necessary information:

Dog. A dog is a man's friend and it will definitely help him in finding water for the well. In the heat, dogs are always looking for an opportunity to cool their body, so they dig holes where it is cooler. These are just the places we are looking for.
Horse. When thirsty, the horse beats with its hoof in the place where there is water underground.
Harvest mouse. But mice like where it's dry. They will never make their nests near places of high humidity. It is better to climb a tree or some building that rises above the soil level.
Domestic bird. The chicken does not rush where it is wet, and the geese, on the contrary, choose the intersections of underground aquifers for their nests.

Even midges feel the proximity of water. If you look at its behavior at dusk, when the summer heat has already receded, then we will see columns of insects circling in the air exactly above those places where it is coolest - where underground there is what we need.

Dogs, like people, can hardly tolerate heat and drought. They try to get to the bottom of the coolest layers of soil, which are just above the aquifer.

In the place, involuntarily pointed out to us by representatives of the animal world, you can safely hit the Abyssinian well for extracting water for watering the garden and for taking care of the territory.

Observation #3 - types of growing plants

Who should know about the presence or absence of water on the site, if not plants? Not surprisingly, they are used as indicators. If blackberries, buckthorn, lingonberries, bearberries, bird cherry, wood lice and wild rosemary feel good on your site, then it makes sense to look for an aquifer - it is always present.

Plants do not always like excess water. If there is too much of it, then they can even get sick and stop bearing fruit.

Take a closer look at the birch: its modest growth and knotted trunk with curvature betrays the presence of a nearby watercourse. Coniferous trees also prefer to grow where it is dry.

By the way, the presence of nearby groundwater is not always a boon for gardeners. After all, cherries and apples prefer moderate humidity: their waterlogging can provoke tree diseases and fruit rot.

Observation #4 - Help from friends and neighbors

If your site is part of a horticultural society or you have neighbors nearby, be sure to talk to them. As a rule, they have already solved the problems that you are struggling with today. If there is an operated well or well on their site, then you will also have water.

It is worth asking the neighbors at what depth the water in their source is, whether the level in it is stable. Thus, it is easier and easier to collect information and plan work on. For private traders, polling the owners of adjacent sites is the only viable way to obtain hydrogeological data.

You always need to maintain friendly relations with neighbors: they will be the first to come to your aid, if something happens, they will protect your property from thieves

Try to find out not only the current state of the local water intake, but also the fluctuations in the water level throughout the year, as well as the composition of the water. Agree that it is not too pleasant to find your site flooded with flood waters in the spring. Get vital information in a timely manner.

Types of aquifers

To begin with, it is worth understanding what groundwater is in general and where it passes.

1. Verkhovodka - these are waters that are close to the surface of the earth, they accumulate during the period of snow melting and during rain. Verkhovodka is fickle, i.e. in dry weather, it becomes shallow and disappears; this is not a reliable source of water supply. Verkhovodka can be used if you equip storage tanks, for example, make a water intake well, placing it in the lowest place of the site and dig grooves to it over the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe site, so you solve two problems at once - provide your garden with irrigation water and free it from stagnant moisture in unnecessary places. Although the water in the perch water is fresh and slightly mineralized, it is not recommended to use it for drinking, it is often polluted with organic substances and contains an increased amount of iron.

2. Groundwater - these are waters lying on the first water-resistant horizon, below the perch. The depth of groundwater varies from 1 to 50 meters. Groundwater is fed by atmospheric precipitation, from reservoirs and often various harmful impurities get into it, therefore, when arranging a well or well, please note that only at a depth of 15 m and below is the water well filtered and suitable for drinking. At the same time, you should be aware that the arrangement of a well with a depth of more than 20 m must be agreed with the relevant regional services. The quantity, depth and quality of groundwater depends on the geology of the area and climatic conditions. Ground waters are constant and, basically, significant on the plane of distribution. Measurement of the depth of occurrence and distribution of groundwater is carried out during the period of engineering and geological surveys of the area. Therefore, as often happens, all information on geological exploration is located in the administration of any settlement or in the regional archives, it is not bad to study it before buying a site, or to be puzzled by the search for water on an existing site.

3. Artesian sources. Without the help of professionals, it will not be possible to determine the place where the artesian veins are located, since they lie very deep from 50m.

Search for water on the site in folk ways

Since ancient times, people have looked closely at various signs that made it possible to determine where the water is closer to the surface, and it will be easier to build a well.

One of these signs is fog. As a rule, it gathers where groundwater occurs. Moreover, it is believed that the density of the fog directly depends on their number. The thicker the fog, the richer the aquifer.

The location of the aquifer can be suggested by animals. So, for example, mice will never dig holes in those places where water comes close to the surface of the earth.

You should also observe the behavior of horses on a hot summer day. A thirsty horse starts hoofing where the water is close enough.

A domestic dog can also determine the proximity of an aquifer. In the summer, to escape the heat, dogs often dig holes in places where the ground is more humid and lie down in them to cool off.

After the heat subsides in the evening, you can watch the midges. In those places where the water comes close enough, midges begin to swarm and on the site you can see the characteristic "columns" of midges.

Trees such as alder, willow, and birch grow well near the outlet of aquifers to the surface.

Will never grow well next to water residential cherries and apple trees. They will constantly get sick, and the fruits will rot.

Another popular method, which is still successfully used today, is to determine the location of groundwater using frames that rotate freely in outstretched arms.

Previously, a split grapevine was used for this. And today, small diameter wire is used to make frames.

For this, you can take an aluminum wire with a diameter of 1-2 mm, bend the handles 12-15 cm long at a right angle, holding which you should move around the site, holding home-made wire "frames" on outstretched arms.

In the place where there is water, the frames will cross, indicating the place where the water vein exits.

For greater reliability, you should repeat the search, passing through the found place again, but already moving from the other side or side. If the result is the same, you can start digging a well in this place.

A video on how to search for water for a well using frames is presented below (click on the triangle to play):

The vine "works" in the same way. To search for water with a vine, you need a well-dried vine.

Its ends are taken in hand so that the vine itself looks forward and slightly up. When the groundwater exits to the surface nearby, the vine will noticeably begin to roll towards the ground.

How to find water with your own hands

Very easy. The most famous and well-known method is the use of aluminum frames. They are well aware of the magnetic fluctuations in the area.

And some water has a very strong effect on the magnetic background. In order to find water with the support of aluminum frames, it is necessary to carry out similar actions.

Take 2 pieces of thick aluminum wire and drive away fifteen cm until the extraction of the immediate corner. Cut off fragments from the viburnum trunk along the length of the handles and remove the core. Insert the wire into the tubes so that it scrolls freely. Holding these well-known devices in outstretched arms, walk around the square. During the period of movement, the edges of the wire must be separated in different directions.

And if an aquifer is in front of you, the edges of the wire will close. In order to be convinced of your own find, walk over the found water several times, but moving along a different line of motion. If everything is repeated, then it is allowed to dig a well on the current site.

The technology of finding water using a vine

Our forefathers were well versed in this! For this purpose, they used an ordinary willow rod. There was also a similar activity - a dowser. Willow feels liquid and nature has endowed her with the ability to reach for water. It is not difficult to carry out such searches personally.

: designate a willow branch with 2 branches coming out of the 1st trunk and dry it at room temperature. Take the edges of the branches in your hands and part them to such an extent that the angle among them is approximately one hundred and fifty degrees. The outcome of a single barrel must look a little up, and the muscles of the hands must be strained. With this device, you need to walk across the area.

Ancient way with clay pots

It is also an extremely old and classic way of looking for water. To do this, in order to clearly establish the zones of water occurrence, in the villages they used earthenware. Before this necessary task, the pot was perfectly dried in the sun. In the area of the planned well, a dried product was placed in an inverted guise.

The current owners also use this technology, however, in a slightly improved version. Some prescribed amount of silica gel is poured into the pot. It is also dried before use. The pot with filling is weighed and placed in the water search area. For a greater likelihood of a positive ending, several similar pots are placed over the whole area. After the time has elapsed, the pots are weighed: where is the heaviest - there it is necessary to dig a well or a well. Instead of silica gel, it is allowed to use small pieces of a typical brick.

indicator plants

According to numerous representatives flora it is allowed to absolutely clearly establish the zones of occurrence of water, including the depth of its location. All thanks to the fact that various plants have different length roots and consume water at a prescribed depth. If in your place there are thickets of wild rosemary, wood lice, and the like, then in these places the water comes close enough to the ground plane, a birch with a disproportionate crown and a crooked trunk also indicates excessive dampness. But pines and other coniferous trees do not prefer water.

Helper Animals

How to find water in the area under the well will give a hint hand pets. From time immemorial, peasants have noticed that in a place where dogs or horses start digging mother earth, it is possible to reveal water with a high possibility. Hens do not lay eggs when the site is damp, and geese, like waterfowl, or rather, build a nest over the place of the future well. Ants do not prefer "water" areas. If in the evening you notice a column of midges or mosquitoes over a certain area, then you can look for some water.

Salt and brick

Consider how to find water in a country house with the assistance of a typical kitchen salt and building bricks. It is necessary to choose a sultry period when the earth is completely dry. Pour pre-dried salt or crushed scarlet brick into an unpainted gray clay pot. Weigh the container together with the contents. We wrap the pot in gauze or agrofibre and immerse it in the soil to a depth of half a meter. A day later, we buy our own home-made apparatus and weigh it again. If the difference in weight is significant enough, then water is not far away.

Fog

In those places where summer time early in the morning there is a light haze, or rather, only groundwater lies nearby. The thicker the fog, the higher the water underground. It is necessary to look only behind the fog that stands on the site without moving.

Determination of the level of passage

Water in the soil range is retained by stable water layers that do not allow liquid to appear either on the surface of the earth or flow at lower depths. These strata at the site contain a high percentage of loamy rock, which is considered to be highly resistant to moisture. The layer may contain small rocks. Between such layers there is a layer of sand that retains the purified liquid - this will be the aquifer that needs to be found.

On one type of site, the sand layer may have a thin base, on some - a wider one. A large flow of water is located in the fractured places of the aquifer, located as the height difference. On a clay winding area, there are breaks with a wet sandy thaw. Such places have high humidity, and contain an underground aquifer.

Effect of Depth on Water Quality

If you dig a well in the place where exactly the water is, the aquifer can be found even just some two to two and a half meters from earth's surface. Knowledgeable people call such a water layer top water and do not use it for drinking.

Proximity to the surface is not a good sign, because the water has accumulated due to the melting of snow, infiltration of rain streams and waters of nearby reservoirs. The quality of the water in it leaves much to be desired, because there is a high probability of leakage of sewage and other dirt.

The deeper the aquifer is located, the less likely it is that all kinds of dirt on the surface of the soil can spoil the water.

In addition, the mirror of such water is, as a rule, unstable. A well with perched water can dry up completely during the summer heat and fill up during the season of snowmelt or autumn lingering rains.

And this means that the sources of water supply that feed on perched water will also be empty, and summer residents will be left without water in the hot summer season, when it is especially needed. Under such circumstances, it is better to forget about plans for the harvest. After all, until late autumn, water in the well is not expected.

Therefore, we will look for water deeper. Experts believe that quality water is not so deep, only 15 meters from the soil level. In the sands, the water in which is clean and tasty. The sandy layer in which water is "stored" is a natural filter. Passing moisture through itself, it cleans it from the remnants of dirt and harmful elements.

If you are interested in arranging a personal water source in your summer cottage, you should compare the arguments in favor of the device, as well as learn about their shortcomings. We invite you to take a look at our comparison review.

How to check water quality

It is important not only to get water on your site, but to get a really high-quality and healthy liquid for drinking and daily needs. Therefore, the composition of the liquid must be checked according to the following parameters: organoleptic properties;
chemical composition and toxicological indicators;
epidemic safety.

organoleptic properties;
chemical composition and toxicological indicators;
epidemic safety.

Organoleptic or physico-organoleptic are those properties of a liquid that a person can feel with the help of the basic senses. These include smell, color and taste. According to legislative norms, water should have a faint smell, which a person can feel only with careful "sniffing".

Also, a drinkable liquid should not have any taste or taste. Turbidity is another important indicator. The turbidity standard is 1.5 mg/l, but it can be measured in the laboratory using the Snellen method and using the kaolin scale.

Further, it is important to study the toxicological indicators of the liquid. They indicate the presence or absence of chemical components of various origins in water: natural or as a result of industrial, agricultural pollution. This also includes reagents for cleaning drinking liquids at enterprises. Conduct research to explore chemical composition possible only in laboratory conditions.

It is also important to conduct laboratory tests of the received water in order to be sure of its high quality and security.

Folk signs of choosing a place for a well

There are a lot of folk signs how to determine the location of the aquifer and the location of the well

So, it is believed that nature itself shows the presence of close clean water and the owner of the site just needs to pay attention to how animals behave, where certain plants grow.

Asking nature, plants and insects

So, it is believed that aquifers are located in places located lower in relation to others. Usually such places can be distinguished by the presence of bumps or bumps. Also a characteristic sign of the proximity of the aquifer is the abundant dew that falls in this place. Also in such places after sunset, fog usually spreads.

Using the pendulum

Method for finding water with a vine

These are the folk ways to search for an aquifer. But science does not stand still, and therefore, to accurately find the aquifer, you can take advantage of technological developments.

Drilling a test well

Combining folk signs and quite scientifically based search methods (such as meteorological - identifying areas with heavy dew or lingering fog), you can start test drilling.

The easiest way to drill a well is with a hand drill. The test well should be at least ten meters deep into the ground.

No living being can do without water. Where it is better to dig a well, people have known since ancient times. There are some rules that will tell you how to determine where to dig a well.

How to find water in the area for the well and dig it out is a simple process. A few working hands and shallow knowledge are enough. You can do all the work yourself. The most important thing is to determine where it is better to locate the well so that the amount of water in the area is sufficient.

What is an aquifer

To determine the location of the well on the site, you need not just to find water, but the place where the aquifer is located. If you manage to find it, you can confidently dig a well in the area.

Types of aquifers

How deep is the aquifer

The water in the ground is kept by water-resistant layers, which consist of stones or clay. Between them lies a layer of sand, which must be sought to determine the location of the well. Some difficulties may arise, since the water-resistant layers can be placed not only horizontally. Often located in bends, thereby creating underground lakes. On the surface, these are areas with high humidity. It is they who can suggest the choice of a place for a well. But in such places, drilling is not recommended, since the reserves in them will not be able to provide enough water. In addition, such lakes are formed due to rain and melt water, so the quality of the reserves found is not of the highest level.

Diagram of the location of aquifers

The search for water for a well is most often carried out at a depth of about 15 m. This is due to the fact that the sandy layers of the mainland are located at such a depth. And this is where you need to look for water, because a large amount of water accumulates. It is of sufficient quality to be consumed. It is filtered through the sand, getting rid of impurities and debris. Therefore, a layer of continental sand can also suggest the future location of the well on the site.

What are the ways to search for an aquifer

The skill of how to find water for a well has been well known to people since ancient times. Water sources are an obligatory attribute of every settlement, village or city. If in our time scientific methods help to find water in the area under the well, then in ancient times such places helped to find out only personal observations.

How to find a place for a well helped plants and animals that live and grow in the area. They can give a lot of important information about where the water might be. Scientific methods were not known, so there was nothing left but to trust nature. As a rule, such data were truthful.

Folk ways to choose a place for a well

We have already mentioned the importance of animals and plants in finding the location of an aquifer. But what exactly helped in this?

One of the main assistants, who suggested where to dig a well on the site, was a horse. When observing the animal in hot weather, one could see where the horse beats its hoof in search of water. It is in this place that the life-giving moisture comes very close to the ground.

Dogs are great at finding water. These animals have a strong sense of smell. To escape the heat, the dog digs a hole for himself. To do this, choose the coolest place. The coolest is where groundwater comes close to the surface.

Water places are determined with the help of midges. When choosing a habitat, they prefer those places where there is high humidity. When observing, you can see how most of them flock to a certain place. If you start looking for water here, then there is a high probability that you will find it very close.

How to determine a place for a well can also be done with the help of weather phenomena, for example, a large accumulation of water. In the place where it is the most - there is a high probability that there are large reserves of this valuable mineral. This method has not lost its relevance even in our time. It has been successfully used so far and helps to find water almost unmistakably.

A lot can be said about such a natural phenomenon as fog. When observing him, you can notice that he accumulates or leaves a certain area. This is not just because it indicates that there is high humidity, which means that water is close. You can even determine the amount of reserves by density. The thicker the clouds of fog, the richer the reserves here.

Be that as it may, even plants do not germinate by chance. They prefer places where there is more moisture. And the wettest is where the water comes close to the surface. Here sedge, coltsfoot, birch, alder feel comfortable. With a large number of pines, it is better to leave the idea of search for water here, since these trees have long roots that penetrate deep into the ground in search of moisture.

Finding water with a vine

How to choose a place for a well will tell the relief. It is necessary to take into account its features. There may be depressions, pits and hollows, the location of which indicates the close location of the aquifer.

How Dehumidifiers Are Used

Dehumidifiers will help you find water. These include silica gel, as well as crushed red brick. To find with their help, you need to place the materials in an unglazed clay pot. We wrap the vessel with a cloth and weigh it. Then the container with desiccant must be buried in the ground to a depth of half a meter. After 24 hours, we take it out and again put it on the weights. If the weight has increased significantly, this indicates the proximity of water.

Glass jars in search of water

If you can't find desiccants, regular glass jars can be used instead. There is only one condition - they must be of the same volume. In the morning, you need to stick the jars every 5 meters down the neck. If on your site the earth of increased hardness does not come out, you can dig holes. The next morning we take the cans and look at the condensate. The more it has gathered in the bank, the closer the aquifer will be here.

How to search for water in our time

Every year, natural methods for determining the occurrence of aquifers are used less and less. They are being replaced by scientific methods. One of the most popular is the search for water using dowsing. To do this, use forks from natural materials and drilling wells.

A branch of a grapevine with two knots is best suited for a fork. They should be at an angle of 150 0 . Then we cut off the fork and dry it well. After the wood dries, we proceed directly to the search process. We take the ends in our hands so that the barrel is directed upwards, and carefully monitor the fork. If somewhere the trunk goes down, this is a sign that groundwater is close to the surface here.

No less popular in this case is the aluminum frame. To make it, we need aluminum wire. It needs to be cut into two pieces 40 cm long, we bend segments of 15 cm so that we get a right angle. We take the wire by the bent ends so that the rest is vertical and parallel to the ground. Proximity to water is evidenced by the fact that the ends should twist and cross each other. Here you can start drilling a well or a well.

Finding water by drilling wells

This method has both its disadvantages and advantages. The disadvantage is the need financial investments. To find water, you need to drill a well. But in this way you can find out at what depth the aquifer lies. With the help of drilling it is possible to make an analysis and find out the composition of the water. Information about how deep the water is will tell you how much is needed to build a well.

Finding water by drilling wells

Most The best way ensure Vacation home water - the construction of a well or well, the water from which is used for drinking, cooking and domestic needs. To make sure that there is a water vein in this place, it is better to use several methods at once.

Where not to look for water

We talked about how and where to look for water. But not all places are suitable for a well or well. The fact that it is better to move the search for water to another place will be indicated by the relief and the plants that grow here.

Water is not located or is completely absent in areas where there are many hills.
It is better to refuse to search for water in close proximity to water bodies. You will not find water near river cliffs.
Plants such as acacia or beech say that with big share chances are you won't find water here.