The TV from the antenna does not show well. Route map of the practical stage

Situational tasks for life safety

1. Imagine that you have included Electric kettle and then suddenly the phone rang. You leave, and when you return, you find a picture - there is a lot of smoke in the room, a kettle is on fire, papers are on the table. Your actions

. If it is possible to remove the plug from the socket, call rescuers, warn people about the fire, start extinguishing - use a fire extinguisher, you can also cover the electrical appliance with a thick cloth, cover it with earth from a pot; if at the initial stage it was not possible to cope with the fire, close the door tightly and evacuate to the street.

2 . At night, you woke up from the sound of an autonomous fire detector, when you opened your eyes, you saw that the entire corridor and part of your room were filled with smoke, visibility was very poor, no fire was visible. Your actions.

Lie down on the floor and crawl, taking into account the layout, orienting your hand against the wall, crawl out to the exit from the apartment; if possible, cover the nose and mouth with a cloth; close the door behind you; report to the rescue service by calling 101.

3. While at home, you smelled a strong smell of gas coming from the kitchen. What needs to be done in this situation?Close the gas valve; open the window and close the kitchen door tightly; go to the neighbors (or leave the apartment) and report to the emergency gas service.

4. You were taking your temperature and accidentally dropped your mercury thermometer. What should be done in this situation?

Remove people and pets from the premises; prepare a solution of potassium permanganate in a glass jar; put on a wet bandage on the respiratory organs, rubber gloves on the hands; brush (adhesive plaster, adhesive tape) to collect mercury balls; treat the surface with a solution of potassium permanganate (soap-soda solution); ventilate the room; put the collected mercury into a jar with a solution of potassium permanganate, close it with a tight lid, and take it to the nearest mercury collection point.

5. Imagine, please, you come to the kitchen and see that the frying pan in which something was fried is on fire (i.e. the entire surface and contents of the frying pan are burning with an open flame). What are you going to do? (tell in order the algorithm of actions).

Close the gas valve; cover the pan with a lid (with a wet dense cloth, cover it with earth from a pot, sugar, salt or other bulk substances.

6. A comrade, who was standing by the fire, suddenly caught fire in his trouser leg. The fire began to rise towards the jacket. Comrade in a panic begins to run around. What to do?

To stop it - running around and panic will not help, and any movement of air or wind will further ignite the flame, which will spread faster through clothes. You can throw a piece of dense fabric (a blanket, a coat) over a burning person. This will cut off the oxygen supply and the combustion will stop. When the flame is extinguished, call an ambulance. Before the arrival of the medical service, cool the burnt areas of the victim's body cold water.

7. Having met a noisy group of teenagers on your way late at night, what should you do?

Cross to the other side of the street, bypass the dangerous place. If necessary, turn back, go to a crowded place, under the protection of adults. You can go into the room where there is a guard at the entrance - to a restaurant, hotel, bank and ask for protection.

8. What is the safest way to act in a situation where you are stopped by several criminals who force you to hand over valuables (money, phone, player, etc.)?Even when there is no way to escape and obviously no one will come to the rescue, try to speak confidently, loudly enough. Answer formal questions: “I don’t smoke”, “Don’t touch the bag”, “I’m in a hurry, my father is waiting for me”, “Let me go”. Addressing you with clear, but not brash answers can cause a hitch in the bully's actions, you can free yourself and run away. Failing that, "bargain" by agreeing to give what is demanded, but don't give right away. Offer something tempting, for example, instead of a sheepskin coat, bring money. Underestimate the value of things, say that the jacket is made of leatherette, the tape recorder is being repaired. Imagine that at the bus stop you are allegedly waiting for a friend with money for a debt. All this time, look for an opportunity to run away, to seek help. If all your tricks are in vain - give the required item and immediately report it to the police.

9. Dasha and Katya spent the whole day in the open sun. Long pastime in the sun, led to trouble. Sunstroke. What needs to be done?

In case of sun or heat stroke, first aid should be provided immediately. The victim should be laid in the shade or in a cold room, release the neck and chest from tight clothing, put cold compresses on the head, neck and chest area. If a person is conscious, then it is advisable to give him some cold drink, best of all mineral water. In all cases, you should immediately call a doctor.

10. Pasha came to visit his grandparents in the village for the summer holidays. Grandpa Pasha has a big apiary. It so happened that the boy was bitten by a bee. What should be done?

The action of the venom of bees and wasps can cause shock, an allergic reaction. Reactions with multiple bites are especially severe. If one bee has bitten, you need to remove the sting. Apply a napkin or cotton wool moistened with cologne, alcohol, hydrogen peroxide solution to the bite site or make a cold compress.

11. Suppose you have recovered to a concert of your favorite band. Someone began to shout that the room was on fire. The panic began. The crowd rushed to the exits. How not to become a victim of the crowd?

Do not cling to anything with your hands - they can be broken. If possible, zip up. Throw away your bag, umbrella, etc. If something has fallen (anything), in no case try to pick it up - life is more expensive.

In a dense crowd, there is a high probability of squeezing. Therefore, protect the diaphragm with your clasped hands, folding them over your chest. Another trick is to bend your elbows elastically and press them to the body. Shocks from behind should be taken on the elbows, the diaphragm should be protected by arm tension.

12. You are at home. Suddenly, all the windows begin to slam shut, and the windows begin to ring from the gusty wind. And you understand that a hurricane is beginning. What action will you take?Windows, doors, attic hatches, and vents should be tightly closed when signaling an impending danger. Glass windows are pasted over or protected by shutters or shields. It is advisable to fix fragile structures (canopies, stacks of firewood), dig in with earth, remove protruding parts or disassemble, crushing the disassembled fragments with heavy stones, logs. Check the condition of electrical panels, gas and water taps, if necessary, be able to close them. Electrical appliances must be turned off. It is best to hide in basements and underground structures. Being indoors, you should beware of injuries from shrapnel window glass. With strong gusts of wind, it is necessary to move away from the windows and take a place in the niches of the walls, doorways or stand close to the wall.

13. You are going home after school, and suddenly you hear a very loud siren sound, similar to an air raid warning. What do you think, what is the name of this signal, what does it mean and what do you need to do?The wail of sirens is a signal "Attention to all", which is given in the event of an emergency or threat of an emergency, to attract the attention of the population before the transmission of an emergency message. Having heard this signal on the street, you need to find the nearest TV (radio) in a store, pharmacy, etc., listen to the message of the announcer (Ministry of Emergency Situations) and act according to the instructions received. Being at home, turn on the TV (radio), listen to instructions, act according to the information received.

e) city information service;

e) communication service;

g) gas service;

h) police;

i) weather service.

(a; c; d; g; h)

2. Specify what data and in what sequence you need to give when calling the security service by phone:

a) your first and last name;

b) the name and surname of oneself and those living in the apartment;

c) phone number and address;

d) address of residence and numbers of adjacent houses;

e) the reason for the call.

3. From the proposed options, select the main causes dangerous situations in the apartment (house):

a) a power outage;

b) improper handling of equipment and household appliances;

c) lack of emergency lighting;

d) careless handling of fire;

e) lack of alarm;

f) criminogenic situations;

g) negligence;

h) turned off the radio or electric stove.

(b; d; f; g)

4. Electrical injury or electric shock occurs as a result of:

a) contact with each other several bare electrical wires under voltage;

b) touching a bare electrical wire that is energized;

c) touching an electrical outlet with wet hands;

d) touching a faulty disconnected electrical wiring.

5. The most dangerous consequences of electric shock are:

a) inflammation of the outer membranes of the eyes;

b) cessation of breathing and blood circulation (clinical death);

c) loss of consciousness with impaired cardiac activity.

6. A bare electrical wire that has fallen to the ground in wet weather must not be approached closer than:

a) 3 meters; c) 7 meters;

b) 5 meters; d) 10 meters;

7. Your younger brother grabbed the wire of the turned on tape recorder with his hand, and his current. The wire remained in his hand. Select your next steps from the suggested options and determine their order:

a) grab the wire and pull it out of the hands of the brother;

b) come and see how he feels;

c) turn off the electricity in the apartment (house);

d) unplug the wire from the socket;

e) call for help”;

e) call the parents (neighbors).

8. Specify the main causes of flooding of the dwelling:

a) malfunction of locking devices (taps);

b) malfunction of electrical wiring and lighting;

c) roof leaks;

d) through cracks in partitions;

e) clogging of the sewerage system.

(a; c; e; f)

9. Locking devices in the water supply system of the apartment

b) pipelines of hot and cold water;

c) central heating batteries;

e) a float shut-off valve in the toilet cistern.

10. You came from school, undressed and went to wash your hands. When you turn on the light in the bathroom, you see that there is a lot of water on the floor and it arrives very quickly. Choose your next steps from the suggested options and determine their order:

a) take a rag and try to remove the water;

b) if you know where the electricity is cut off, then turn it off, or ask one of the neighbors to do it;

c) call the emergency service;

d) take the tools and eliminate the cause of the flood yourself;

e) try with rags to prevent the spread of water;

f) turn off the water if the apartment has a valve;

g) Tell your parents.

(b; c; f; g; a)

11. In your apartment (house) the central heating battery burst. Hot water under great pressure enters the apartment. In the apartment (house) you are alone (alone). Indicate the sequence of correct actions in this situation:

a) to minimize the flow of water into the room by temporarily sealing the hole in the battery or pumping out water using improvised means (buckets, rags, etc.);

b) take measures to save material values;

c) inform the neighbors (one floor below is required) about what happened and ask them to call the plumber on duty and provide assistance:

d) turn off the valve (faucet) for supplying water to the heating system;

e) turn off the electrical network of the apartment (house) by unscrewing the plugs or turning off the circuit breaker (circuit breaker).

(d; e; c; a; b)

12. Household gas poisoning in an apartment (house) can occur as a result of:

a) complete combustion of gas;

b) incomplete combustion of gas;

c) power outages in the apartment;

d) gas leaks.

13. A special substance is added to household gas in order to

a) increase or decrease the gas pressure;

b) change the color of the gas to make it easier to see;

c) detect a gas leak by smell.

14. Arriving home, you smelled gas. Select your next steps from the suggested options and determine their order:

a) call the parents or the emergency service;

b) go to neighbors and call parents or emergency services;

c) open windows and doors;

d) check the burners (if open, close) and close the main gas supply valve;

e) light a match to check where the gas is coming from;

e) Light a match to determine the location of the gas leak.

15. You came home, put a full kettle on gas stove and went to watch TV. the door to the kitchen is tightly closed. Suddenly you smell gas. It's dusk outside. Select your next steps from the suggested options and determine their order:

a) turn on the light and see what is the cause of the gas leak; b) tightly close the door to the kitchen;

c) turn off the TV;

d) go into the kitchen and turn off the gas tap;

d) open a window;

e) call neighbors and ask for help;

g) call the parents and report the incident.

(c, d, e, b, f, g)

16. You accidentally broke a mercury thermometer at home. Droplets of mercury rolled across the floor. Select your next steps from the suggested options and determine their order:

a) play with balls of mercury;

c) throw the collected mercury into the trash can;

d) do not say anything to parents, so as not to scold;

e) inform parents about the incident;

e) place the collected mercury in a jar of water.

17. In what cases should you leave the building (apartment) after

a) in any case;

b) if the staircase is not destroyed;

c) in case of a threat of collapse of the building structure;

d) if part of the wall is destroyed, and there is no threat of collapse of the structure;

e) in the event of a fire.

18. Select the following main causes of explosions in residential buildings:

a) malfunction of the water supply system;

b) leakage of household gas;

c) careless handling of fire;

d) illegal storage and mishandling of explosive devices;

e) violation of the rules for the operation of household electrical appliances.

19. You are in the room doing your homework. Suddenly they heard a loud bang. There was an explosion in a neighboring apartment. the door to your apartment is littered, the lights are off, the phone is not working. There are no collapses in your apartment. Select your next steps from the suggested options and determine their order:

a) wait for rescuers;

b) open front door and try to clear the blockage in order to go to the landing or to the street;

c) turn off gas, electricity and water;

d) go down from the window on a rope;

e) give signals from a window or balcony, knock on metal objects.

20. You decide to go to a friend's apartment next door to give a video cassette. As soon as you stepped away from the door, it slammed shut. The keys were at home. Select your next steps from the suggested options and determine their order:

a) you will wait for your parents in the stairwell;

b) visit a friend and call your parents;

c) ask the workers from the neighboring construction site to open the lock;

d) wait for your friend's parents.

b) driver's cab;

c) doors and windows.

3. The main danger zones in the subway are:

a) entrance to the subway;

b) turnstiles at the entrance;

c) the platform in front of the escalator;

d) escalator;

e) platform;

e) a train car;

g) transitions from one station to another;

h) exit from the subway.

(b; d; e; f)

4. The intercity bus you were on had a brake failure on the side of a mountain, and it is picking up speed and rolling downhill. How will you act in this situation? Specify the correct answer:

a) try to leave the bus by breaking the window or opening the door;

b) hurry to the aid of the driver;

c) stay in your chair, putting soft things in front of you, rest your feet and hands on the back of the chair in front of you;

d) stand in the aisle and firmly grasp the handrails; e) lie on the floor in the aisle of the bus.

5. You were invited to the dacha to celebrate New Year. On the street

29°C. From the bus station you must drive along the highway for 17 km. At the bus stop, you will find out that buses will only start running in two hours. You were told that you could walk through the forest in an hour. Choose the only correct one from the given options:

a) stand at the bus stop and wait;

b) go through the forest;

c) try to get on any passing car;

d) return home

e) try to find some other way to get to the desired place (another bus).

6. You are traveling with friends in a car in winter. Ice. You are sitting in the back seat. Suddenly, a dog runs out into the roadway across the car. The driver starts to slow down. As a result, the car begins to slide, and you see that a collision with a car standing on the side of the road is possible. Select your next steps from the suggested options and determine their order:

a) shout, give advice to the driver;

b) to gather, to group. Rest your feet on the back of the front seat;

c) lie down on the back seat, covering your head with your hands;

d) sitting, rest your hands on the back of the front seat;

e) try to find seat belts and fasten them;

e) when stopping, leave the car.

7. During the accident, a car (bus) caught fire, in which many people were traveling with you. Indicate the sequence of correct actions in this situation:

a) inform the traffic police about the incident;

b) to provide assistance to people who got out of the car (bus);

c) send by passing car those who need help to a medical institution or call an ambulance;

d) take measures to extinguish the fire;

e) pack your things and continue the trip.

(b; c; d; a; e)

8. In inclement, wet weather, you ride in a trolley bus. suddenly blew strong wind and there was a break in the contact wire, which fell on the roof of the trolleybus. The driver opened the doors to let the passengers out. How will you leave the trolleybus? Specify the correct answer:

a) through a window

b) you will go out through the doors on the stairs;

c) you will leave the trolleybus through the door only by jumping, so as not to be shocked.

9. You are on a subway train in the evening. In the car, except for you, there is only a sleeping passenger. Suddenly the train stopped in a tunnel between stations. 20 minutes pass, but the train stops, And then you notice a box left by someone at the end of the car. Select your next steps from the suggested options and determine their order:

a) wake up the passenger;

b) open the box and see what is there; c) inform the driver;

d) throw the box out the window;

e) retire to the other end of the car and take cover behind the seats.

10. You and a friend are on the subway. While waiting for the train, you notice that one of the passengers has dropped a bag on the rails and is trying to jump after it. The green traffic light is on.

Select your next steps from the suggested options and determine their order:

a) go looking for a transport police officer; b) stop the passenger from a rash act;

d) prompt this person to turn to the station duty officer for help.

11. You are traveling with friends in a subway car. Suddenly the car begins to fill with smoke, watery eyes. People start to worry. Select your next steps from the suggested options and determine their order:

a) send a message to the driver via intercom;

b) try to open the car doors and vents so that fresh air enters;

c) find a fire extinguisher under the seat in the car;

d) remain calm, reassure people, seek help from adults;

e) when the train stops in the tunnel and the doors are opened, do not get on the track.

(a; c; d; e)

f) medical insurance policy;

g) a diploma of education.

7. The stock of food during evacuation is taken to:

a) 1-2 days; c) 3-4 days;

b) 2-3 days; d) 4-5 days.

8. List what must be done in the apartment

before leaving for the assembly evacuation point:

a) close windows and vents;

b) clog windows and vents with boards;

c) unscrew all light bulbs;

d) turn off all lighting and electric heaters;

e) bring all things from the balcony (loggia) and corridors into the room;

f) close the taps of the water and gas networks;

g) carry out wet cleaning of the premises;

h) close the apartment with a padlock.

(a; d; e; h)

9. Name what personal protective equipment protects the respiratory system:

a) gas mask, respirator, cotton-gauze bandage;

b) suit L-1 and OZK.

10. determine what size of the GP-7 helmet-mask to choose for the student,

if the circumference of his head is 66 cm:

a) number 1; d) number 3;

b) number 2; e) number 5.

c) number o;

11. Name under what conditions the gas mask is worn in the “ready with

a) on an air raid signal";

b) in case of a threat of infection, after information on the radio or on the command “Ready gas masks!”;

c) provided that signs of the use of poisonous substances (OS) or other contamination are found.

12. What are the main differences between the gas mask GP-7 and GP-7V?

a) lack of a tube for receiving water;

b) helmet-mask model

c) filter box model.

13. The gas mask is removed on command:

a) "Remove the gas mask!";

b) “Hang up!”; c) “Remove the gas mask!”;

d) "Gas mask - in the bag

14. From the following brands of gas masks, first select those that are used to protect the adult population, and then to protect children:

PDF-Sh; PDF-2Sh; GP-7; GP-7V; PDF-2P; GP-5.

(for the protection of adults: GP-7; GP-7V; GP-5;

for child protection: PDF-Sh; PDF-2Sh; PDF-2P)

15. The gas mask serves to protect the respiratory organs, face and

a) from toxic substances;

b) from radioactive substances;

c) from bacterial agents;

d) from high temperatures external environment.

16. The set of children's gas mask PDF-2Sh includes:

a) filter-absorbing box; b) a box;

e) box with non-fogging films;

e) a bag for carrying a gas mask.

There is a mistake in the given chain, find it.

17. PDF-Sh gas mask is designed for children and adolescents

age:

a) from 5 to 17 years;

b) from 7 to 17 years;

c) from 10 to 17 years old.

18. to the simplest means of protecting respiratory equipment

relate:

a) filtering civil gas masks;

b) filtering industrial gas masks;

c) cotton-gauze bandage (VMP);

d) insulating gas masks;

e) filtering children's gas masks;

f) anti-dust fabric mask (PTM).

19. The gas mask is worn in the position:

a) "marching"; d) "combat";

b) "working"; d) protective.

c) "ready";

Find errors in the given chain.

20. Set the sequence of actions when transferring the gas mask to the "combat" position:

a) remove the headgear, squeeze it between the knees or put it next to it;

b) hold your breath and close your eyes;

c) take it out of the bag and put on a helmet-mask;

d) put on a hat, fasten the bag and fasten it to the body;

e) exhale completely, open your eyes and resume breathing.

(b; a; c; e; d)

Section 2
Fundamentals of medical knowledge and first aid rules
Questions to check the quality of assimilation of the material
1. What types of damage and their signs do you know?
2. When does an injured person need medical attention?
3. How and how to treat small abrasions, cuts, wounds?
4. What bleeding is called external and what is internal?
5. What type of bleeding can be attributed to if the blood flows from the wound continuously, calmly and has dark color?
b. What are the rules for first aid for bleeding?
5. What are the rules for providing first aid for burns?
7. What methods of temporary stop of bleeding do you know?
8. What is the purpose of a pressure bandage?
9. What must be done to the wound before applying a pressure bandage?
10. Where should the artery be pressed to stop the bleeding?
11. How to correctly apply a tourniquet in case of damage to large arterial vessels in case of leg and arm injuries?
12. When bleeding from an arm or leg, doctors recommend raising the arm or, respectively, the leg. Why do you think?
13. How to properly use an individual dressing bag?
14. Why do you think it is important to calm the victim in case of a nosebleed, in addition to providing specific assistance?

Tests

General characteristics of damage

1. Damage to the integrity of tissues and dysfunction, accompanied by a local or general reaction of the body, caused by exposure to a person of one or several environmental factors (mechanical thermal, cold, chemical, radiation) on a person, these are:
a) wound;
b) trauma;
c) injury. (b)

2. Closed injuries include:
a) dislocations;
b) stretching;
c) scratches
d) bruises;
e) closed fractures
e) cuts.

There are mistakes in the chain, find them.

3. Open injuries include
a) compression of soft tissues;
b) wounds accompanied by bleeding
c) torn ligaments and tendons
d) open fractures
e) cuts.

There are mistakes in the examples, find them.
(a; c)

4. open damage to the skin or deep tissues
and internal organs are:
a) ligament sprain;
b) open fracture;
c) wound.
(V)

5. All wounds have common signs:
a) pain;
b) bleeding
c) memory loss;
d) visible or hidden tissue destruction.
(V)

6. Signs of closed damage:
a) pain
b) open bleeding

c) change in skin color (it becomes blue); d) the appearance of a large bump (swelling).
There is a mistake in the given chain, find it.
(b)

Characteristic various kinds bleeding and its causes
1. Depending on the nature of the damage, bleeding
It happens:
a) venous; d) calm;
b) sudden; e) capillary.
c) arterial;
There are mistakes in the examples, find them.
(b; d)

2. If blood is poured onto the surface of the body, then such bleeding is called:
a) open;
b) closed;
c) external;
d) internal.
(V)

3. If bleeding is accompanied by an outpouring of blood into internal organs, cavities and tissues, then it is called:
a) cavity;
b) internal;
c) closed;
d) outside.
(b)

4. From the given examples, select those that characterize venous and arterial bleeding:
a) scarlet blood flows out of the wound in a pulsating stream; b) blood oozes over the entire surface of the body and is difficult to stop;
c) the blood has a dark color, does not pulsate, flows out of the wound calmly, continuously.
(venous - c, arterial - a)

5. Arterial bleeding occurs:
a) with a superficial wound in case of damage to the vessel;

b) in case of a shallow wound in case of damage to any of
vessels;
c) in case of damage to any artery with a deep wound.

h) before being sent to the trauma center, give the victim painkiller means.
(e; b; f; c; h; g)

3. Determine the sequence of providing first aid to the victim with a mild injury electric shock(unless cardiac and respiratory arrest has occurred):
a) create peace for the victim;
b) examine the victim;
c) stop the effect of electric current on the victim; d) take measures to deliver the victim to a medical institution or call “ ambulance”;
e) give the victim painkillers and heart medication.

(c; b; e; a; d)

4. Determine the sequence of providing first aid to the victim in case of severe electric shock, accompanied by respiratory and cardiac arrest:
a) take measures to deliver the victim to a medical institution;
b) stop the action of electric current;
c) urgently start resuscitation (artificial respiration and chest compressions);
d) if the victim regained consciousness, give him a warm drink to drink and cover warmly;
d) to examine the victim.
(b; e; c; d; a)
5. Immediate termination of the electric current is one of the important points when providing first aid to an injured person. From the following methods of stopping the action of electric current, select the correct ones:
a) turn off the current using the switch, or by turning the knife switch;
b) turn off the current by unscrewing the plugs;
c) discard the electric wire from the victim with one hand;
d) discard the wire from the victim with both hands;
e) discard the wire with a dry stick;
e) discard the wire with an object that does not conduct electric current;
g) wind a rag around your hand and quickly discard the wire.
(a; b; e; f)

Basics of a healthy lifestyle
Questions
to check the quality of assimilation of the material
1. What impact does movement have on the human body during its growth and development?
2. What are the functions of the human skeleton and muscles?
3. At what age does the full development of the human musculoskeletal system usually end?
4. What types of movement do you know?
5. What changes in the human body can occur as a result of a lack of movement?
6. What do you mean by the term “human posture”?
7. What is the curvature of the spine to the right or left side called?
8. What should school supplies wear and why?
9. How do the figures of boys and girls differ at the age of 12-13?
10. Why is it recommended to shower every morning and before bed?
11. What is the function of the sebaceous glands in the body?
12. What remedies can help with small acne breakouts?
13. What are sweat glands for?
14. Why in adolescence Do you really need to take care of your health?
15. Why do exercises and how is it useful?

Tests
1. to carry out movement in the human body from the first
days of its development is formed:
a) central nervous system;
b) cardiovascular system;
c) musculoskeletal system.
(V)

2. The composition of the musculoskeletal system includes:
a) the circulatory system;

b) bone and muscular system;
c) the cardiovascular system.
(b)

3. The full development of the human musculoskeletal system ends:
a) by the age of 16-18;
b) by the age of 18-20;
c) by the age of 20-24;
d) by 25-28 years.

4. Hypodynamia is:
a) lack of movement;
b) excess movement;
c) physical overstrain of the body.

5. The consequence of lack of movement is:
a) deterioration of memory and attention;
b) deterioration of blood circulation, respiration and digestion
c) deterioration of sleep;
d) decrease in the strength of muscle contraction;
e) complete cessation of growth;
e) some improvement in performance
g) partial hearing loss;
h) decrease in mental and physical activity.
(a; b; d; h)

6. Curvature of the spine to the right or left side is:
a) disease of the bones of the skeleton;
b) scoliosis;
c) muscle disease.
(b)

7. What rules should be followed when working while sitting,
to maintain correct posture?
a) sit down rib cage leaned on the edge of the table;
b) sit straight;
c) sit with your left elbow on the table;
d) shoulders should be at the same level;
e) the chest and head should be kept straight, only slightly leaning forward;
f) sit at the table, the head should be tilted as close as possible to the plane (lid) of the table;
g) legs should be extended under the table and rest with the heels on the floor;

h) the legs should be bent at the knees at a right angle, and the feet should rest on the floor;
i) hands should lie freely on the table.
(b; d; e; h; i)

8. List what you need to use to carry school supplies so that there is no curvature of the spine and there is a correct posture:
a) a portfolio
b) a school backpack;
in the bag;
d) a diplomat;
d) satchel.

Verification work

1. movement is the basis of life, a natural human need. It shapes the structures and functions of the human body. Think and answer:

a) What positive effect does movement have on the human body;
b) What are the functions of the human skeleton and muscles; c) What is physical inactivity and what are its negative consequences for the human body?
2. physical activity, regular exercise physical culture and sports are a prerequisite for a healthy lifestyle. Think and answer:
a) What do you understand by the term “motor activity”?
b) What are the basic rules of vigorous activity.
c) How many thousand steps a day should a teenager of your age take?
H. A person has a certain body position when walking, standing, sitting, for example, at a table or desk. Over time, it becomes familiar and natural. Think and answer:
a) What changes in a person’s state of health are caused by an incorrect body position;
b) What is called scoliosis and what are its causes? Give examples;
c) What is correct posture? How to check if your posture is correct or not?

4 in adolescents of your age, not only the growth of bones and muscles increases, the sebaceous and sweat glands located in the skin also increase. Think and answer:
a) How is the activity of the sebaceous and sweat glands manifested at your age;
b) What should be done when acne (blackheads) appears on the face, chest, back;
c) Why is it recommended to take a daily shower or bath in the morning and evening before going to bed? What is not recommended to do while taking a shower or bath?
5. Who among you does not like to watch TV programs or work with a computer? You will learn a lot of interesting and new things for yourself, expand your horizons. Think and answer:
a) How far should you be from the TV while watching TV;
b) What is the harmful effect on the human body of many hours of watching TV and prolonged sitting at the computer;
c) What rule must be followed when watching TV and working on a computer?

The TV from the antenna does not show well - there are two reasons. Device inconsistency, bad hardware. The last concerns the antenna, television receivers somehow cope with the tasks. However, the problem lies in the amplifier. Should at least be tuned to the desired frequency. Below we consider typical situations, methods for solving the simplest methods. An easy way is to buy a satellite dish and install it. Alternatively, stop watching TV, the Internet is much more fun!

Cable problems

It sounds ridiculous, but the first thing to do is to check the cable. There are several requirements that you must follow:

First, the characteristic impedance of a television cable is 75 ohms. Deviations in the value provoke reflection of part of the power in the path, which will inevitably lead to losses. Coordination methods have been invented, using which it is allowed to use a cable of a different wave impedance. Time to fence the garden. Devices designed for television broadcasting, impedance of 75 ohms. We take into account the truism when choosing a cable.

The second tip concerns the owners of indoor antennas. A typical picture: a wave channel, a half-wave vibrator with antennae hang, a coil of cable lies nearby. First of all, we look at whether the antenna is active or passive. Need to turn on the power? If it turned out to be passive, cut off the extra cable, decorate the pantry with a bay. The feeder segment introduces irreparable signal losses. In an antenna receiver, the sensitivity strongly depends on the attenuation up to the first amplifying stage. In our case, this is inside the TV, the cable to the jack introduces incredible losses. Another thing is the active antenna. The first amplifying stage is located here, the cable length becomes non-critical.
If the passive antenna is on the roof, it's good to get hold of using the Internet, cable characteristics. It is logical to see if the linear loss exceeds 0.2 dB. Attenuation determines the length of the feeder, the electrical characteristics of the product. Three meters of good cable contribute attenuation equal to a meter of cheap one. It is recommended to install an amplifying antenna, replace the cable. Fortunately, television is inexpensive. Forget the high cost of high-frequency WiFi!

Why you need an active antenna

They mentioned that if the antenna is active, the length of the cable is acceptable, the losses should not be considered a critical element. If a good wire cannot be obtained, the length cannot be reduced, the roof is far away, it is supposed to buy an active antenna. Please note: to install the equipment, you will need permission from the HOA, the owner of the house. Insanity is observed: they are harnessed to draw up a special plan for the placement of engineering communications, having paid a fee to a specialized company, to pay professional master that performs the installation. You have to do it according to the rules.

The amplifier for the antenna will allow you to bypass the restrictions imposed on the quality and length of the cable. The power cord will often need to be pulled up to the roof. The distance to the TV station is small, the point is simply blocked by houses - we recommend trying to catch a signal room variety. The TV will show even without a common antenna. It is allowed to place the “cheburashka”, decorating the balcony, even above the false ceiling. The paths of the reflected beam are inscrutable. However, conditions change according to the weather, reception will deteriorate (or improve). It is recommended to give preference to omnidirectional antennas with a lower directivity, supplied with an additional external amplifier.

Antennas detect a significant drawback that has nothing to do with the quality of reception of an individual signal. The sources of problems are explained by the multipath effect. An omnidirectional antenna receives from all directions (azimuths). Several rays will hit, the image will begin to double. A similar effect causes overamplification. Remove the electric power, see the result. Reddish snow is removed in the same way. The reason is the same - overstretching.

Advice! Adjust the equipment in an attempt to achieve the desired performance. Reduce the gain. Buy a TV attenuator. These will reduce the gain by twenty dB.

An indisputable disadvantage of omnidirectional antennas has been noticed: interference sources will act from all directions, sharply lowering the signal-to-noise ratio. This is not critical for digital multiplexes, broadcasting contains error correction codes. Reception of analog television by an antenna with an amplifier is impossible if the noise happens to increase above the level of the useful component.

Antenna selection and installation

The antenna itself may not match the received signal, or it may not be installed correctly. Many people know that it is useful to orient the device in space, but not everyone knows how to do this. Television in Russia on the UHF is built on horizontal polarization, so the distortion of a half-wave vibrator or wave channel with a guarantee leads to a deterioration in reception. At the same time, the frequency range also shifts, due to which the picture quality further decreases.

It will be necessary, using the level, to set the antenna in the correct position. In addition, when receiving from distant TV towers, a simple rule applies. The higher the antenna is placed, the more likely it is to catch the broadcast. This rule applies to the UHF, which is why the MW and HF bands still remain attractive. Waves at these frequencies bend around the surface of the earth, so you can catch it without even taking the antenna to the roof.

External barriers also contribute, if there is a forest around, then the reception will be worse. Waves attenuate as they pass through obstacles. In this case, it is recommended to get an antenna with an amplifier. Plays a role and type. Full-wave vibrators receive a signal much better, and it is difficult to get it in a store. A homemade antenna will help. Made from a strand of copper or aluminum cable and installed according to the rules, it will provide better reception than a store-bought one.

It has already been told more than once how to make a narrow-band antenna that is tuned to the channel frequency. In this case, it is also possible to achieve excellent results in simple ways. After all, hobbyists even construct quarter-wave vibrators for digital receivers. It's just a short piece of wire with a quarter-wavelength screen stripped off at one end. For the first multiplex in Moscow, this is 13.5 cm. A connector is soldered to the other end, which is inserted into the receiver. The quarter-wave vibrator is placed horizontally. If necessary, can be bent at the base for easy placement. Even such a simple and inconsistent design yields results in television broadcast reception.

Wave channel antenna matching

Beginners are concerned about the question of how to properly match wave channel type antennas. The designs are very simple, give excellent gain. The design is ideal for the UHF, where digital multiplexes lie. First, let's consider signal balancing. An operation will be required if the descent cable is longer than 10 meters. The device is a piece of wire parallel to the feeder, spaced 3-5 cm apart.

The method is suitable for a wave channel made according to standard rules. The screen of the drop cable simply sits on one side of the active vibrator, but on the other side the balancing cable segment clings. The length depends on the channel, for example, for the first Moscow multiplex it is 17.6 cm. The piece is parallel to the drop cable for its full length. How to connect the device:

The core of the balancing device is placed on one side of the active vibrator parallel to the core of the drop cable. The braid of the segment closes here.
At a distance of the length of the balancing device from the active vibrator, the insulation of the drop cable is stripped. The screens of the parallel wires are closed, the second end of the segment core is also connected here.

The situation is much more complicated with antennas whose impedance is below 75 ohms. Then special matching devices are used. The active vibrator can be made T-shaped. The upper part of the loop is extended with an additional wire in both directions. The total length is calculated by the formula:

L = (λ/2)*(1 – 0.225/ln(λ/2d)), where

λ is the wavelength, m; d is the wire diameter expressed in meters. The height of the loop is equal to one hundredth of λ or slightly less. The loop width is selected experimentally, the impedance is sought to be brought closer to 75 ohms. Dependency graph "hunchbacked". The maximum is observed at a loop width equal to λ/4.

By designing your own antenna, the method selects the overwhelming number of radio amateurs, will make it possible to manufacture a device with the desired wave impedance. Having a drawing in hand, duplicate the design a given number of times. Get ready to work hard if the TV does not show well. Find out the frequency of broadcasting, make a special antenna.

Signal interference will be minimal in this case. The procedure for constructing wave channels was described. Explore the portal! Let's gather our strength, consider the design of log-periodic antennas, just wondering how to do it. Feature of the product - I catch a wide range of broadcasting. The coverage of a log-periodic antenna is amazing.

Test tasks

Choose one correct answer

Indicate the direction in which the pedestrian should go when moving along the edge of the carriageway?

a) facing forward Vehicle
b) in the direction of movement of vehicles at a distance of at least 1 meter from the edge of the carriageway
c) in the direction of movement of vehicles
d) towards the movement of vehicles at a distance of at least 1 meter from the edge of the carriageway

What is the beech symbol for north on compasses?

Which of the following smells coming from an unfamiliar object can suggest the presence of an explosive device?

a) by the characteristic smell of a walnut
b) by the characteristic smell of almonds
c) by the characteristic smell of cumin
d) the characteristic smell of curry

When buying funds household chemicals You will first learn

a) instructions for use
b) manufacturer's address
c) general information
d) the composition of the product

Which of the following can be a radiation hazardous object?

a) an enterprise or organization that stores, processes, uses or transports radioactive substances
b) an enterprise or organization that grows, produces, extracts radioactive substances
c) an enterprise or organization that stores, processes, uses or transports chemically hazardous substances
d) an enterprise or organization that activates, processes, neutralizes or enriches radioactive substances

At what facilities can emergencies of a man-caused nature occur?

a) sewer, tunnel, flood, park, subway, educational
b) water, timber, flour, coal, military, land processing
c) metal-rolling, space, natural, volcanic, mountain, steppe
d) radiation hazardous, chemically hazardous, fire and explosion hazardous, gas and oil pipelines, transport, hydraulic structures, public utilities

How many degrees does radiation sickness have?

a) 2 degrees
b) 3 degrees
c) 4 degrees
d) 5 degrees

To characterize sedentary image life, the concept of "physical inactivity" is used. What does it mean?

a) reduced physical activity
b) increased physical activity
c) decreased muscle strength
d) increased muscle effort

A balanced diet involves a certain ratio of proteins, fats and carbohydrates. Indicate their correct daily ratio for a teenager 12–16 years old:

a) 1:2:3
b) 1:3:6
c) 1:1:2
d) 1:1:4

Specify the basic first aid for fainting:

a) open a window
b) give a cold drink
c) lay on your back, raise your legs by 30-45 cm
d) splash cold water on the victim's face

Identify all correct answers

What are the signs of the last stage of dehydration of the human body?

a) shock
b) a person's skin begins to turn blue and become cold to the touch
c) dry mouth
d) dry eyes
d) heart palpitations

At what pedestrian crossings should pedestrians cross the road?

a) underground
b) combined
c) aboveground
d) closed
e) main

What is the curvimeter for?

a) for measuring the lengths of segments of curved lines on topographic maps
b) for measuring the lengths of segments of winding lines on topographic maps
c) to determine the direction in azimuth on topographic maps
d) for drawing circles in ink and pencil on topographic maps
e) for drawing curved lines in ink and pencil on topographic maps

What would you do if you went to the elevator and saw a stranger near the elevator cabin?

a) I will ask which floor and to whom he is going, and only after that I will enter the elevator
b) I will ask which floor and to whom he is going, and enter the elevator without turning my back to him
c) I will pretend that I need to return and, without turning my back on him, I will leave the elevator back
d) wait for the stranger to leave in the elevator, and go only when the elevator returns
e) I will wait until the stranger leaves in the elevator, and only then will I use another elevator or go up the stairs

What should be done if you live in close proximity to a radiation hazardous facility?

a) if possible, obtain more detailed and reliable information about the object, find out ways and means of warning in case of an accident
b) study the instruction on the procedure for acting in case of a radiation accident, create and have a certain supply of the necessary sealing materials, iodine preparations, food and water
c) have the necessary stock detergents, alcohol-containing drinks, personal protective equipment, medicines, notify the Russian Emergencies Ministry that you are near a dangerous object
d) to clarify in the territorial department of the Civil Defense Emergencies on the prevention of the threat of a radiation accident and receive instructions on the procedure
e) call the fire brigade and clarify the address of a possible radiation accident, prepare a supply of water and food

Specify the main components of the filtering gas mask GP-7:

a) front part, filter-absorbing box, inhalation valve assembly, intercom (membrane)
b) exhalation valve assembly, obturator, headband (occipital plate), headband straps
c) body, filter bottle, spectacle assembly, bag, forehead strap, buckles, ribbons
d) inhalation valve, exhalation valve, shoulder straps, headband with headband straps, oxygen cylinder
e) mouthpiece, goggles, panoramic mask, filter valve, obturator, intercom

What are the types of evacuation?

a) by type of settlement, by hazardous industries, by radiation-chemical and environmental situation, by preemptive evacuation
b) by the duration of the event, by the start time of the event
c) by propagation speed, by locality, by localization, by chemically hazardous objects
d) by regional, municipal, urban, rural
e) by type of hazard, by means of evacuation, by remoteness of the safe area

Health, as defined by the World Health Organization, is divided into three components. Specify them:

a) physical and psychological well-being
b) financial and social well-being
c) psychological and social well-being
d) physical and material well-being
e) material and spiritual well-being

Specify the functions of fats that enter the human body with food:

a) plastic and energy
b) protective and transport
c) protective and energetic
d) transport and plastic
e) output and energy

Specify the rules for applying a hemostatic tourniquet in case of a neck injury:

a) superimposed above the wound
b) superimposed below the wound
c) superimposed with the indication of time
d) superimposed without time indication
e) can be applied both above and below the wound

Table of answers to test tasks of the theoretical round

Test number	Correct answer
1	A
2	b
3	b
4	A
5	A
6	G
7	V
8	V
9	G
10	V
11	a, b
12	a, in
13	a, b
14	c, d
15	a, b
16	a, b
17	b, d
18	a, in
19	a, in
20	b, d

Methods for assessing the performance of test Olympiad tasks of the theoretical round

Theoretical tasks

Exercise 1

Terrorism- the ideology of violence and the practice of influencing decision-making by state authorities, local authorities or international organizations related to intimidation of the population and (or) other forms of illegal violent actions.

Give varieties of terrorism according to the nature of social manifestations and forms of technical implementation.

Possible answer :

political terrorism;
terrorism using religious motives;
criminal terrorism;
nationalist terrorism;
technological terrorism.

Job evaluation

for the correct answer for each of the positions 1–5 indicated in the answer option, 2 points are awarded;

Task 2

You are at home watching TV. Suddenly, the TV program is interrupted, and a signal is transmitted " Attention everyone!”, then a message is transmitted that an unauthorized release of chlorine has occurred. Formulate your actions.

Possible answer :

a) close windows
b) turn off electrical appliances and gas;
c) put on rubber boots, raincoat, take documents, necessary things, a three-day supply of non-perishable food;
d) warn neighbors, protect respiratory organs;
e) if it is impossible to leave the affected area, it is necessary to climb to the upper floors or heights.

Job evaluation . The maximum score for a correctly completed task is 10 points, while:

Maximum 10 points per task.

Task 3

fractures- violation of the integrity of the bone under the action of a traumatic force that exceeds elasticity bone tissue. All traumatic fractures are divided into closed, in which the integrity of the skin or mucous membranes is not violated, and open, accompanied by damage to them.

Arrange the first aid measures in the order of their implementation if the victim has an open fracture of the bones of the forearm and there is no way to call an ambulance. Write down the letters that indicate the events in correct sequence to the table.

First aid measures for an open fracture:

a) anesthesia (in the absence of drug allergies, the use of painkillers);
b) applying a sterile dressing to the wound;
c) immobilization (creation of immobility) of the limb;
d) stop arterial bleeding (imposition of a hemostatic tourniquet);
e) deliver to a medical institution.

Possible answer :

Job evaluation . The maximum score for a correctly completed task is 10 points, while:

2 points are awarded for each correct answer;
If there are no correct answers, points are not awarded.

Maximum 10 points per task.

Task 4

While at home, you use electrical household appliances every day. List the rules for the safe use of electrical appliances.

Possible answer :

before using electrical appliances, I carefully study the operating instructions and act in full accordance with the recommendations set out;
never use faulty electrical appliances;
I do not leave the included electrical appliances unattended;
do not plug several electrical appliances into one outlet at the same time;
I turn on electrical appliances only with a working plug and a working socket;
I follow the procedure for connecting the electrical appliance to the network: first, the cord is connected to the appliance, and then to the network. I turn off the device in the reverse order;
do not touch the switched on electrical appliance with wet hands;
about detected malfunctions in electrical appliances, about bare and poorly insulated wires, I immediately inform parents or elders;
do not step on electrical wires;
leaving the house, I turn off the light and electrical appliances from the network.

Job evaluation . The maximum score for a correctly completed task is 10 points, while:

for the correct answer for each of the positions 1–10 indicated in the answer option, 1 point is awarded;
if the task is not completed, points are not awarded.

Maximum 10 points per task.

Maximum 100 points for work.

Route map of the practical stage

Checking the practical skills of students is carried out when the participant consistently performs practical tasks.

The participant is at the start line.

Task 1. "Orientation on the ground"

Determine the magnetic azimuth of an object using a compass.

Execution conditions

In front of the participant is Andrianov's compass.

Within 60 seconds, at the command of a jury member, the participant determines the magnetic azimuth to two objects located in the hall.

Task 2. "First aid"

Provide first aid to the victim and call the rescue services.

Execution conditions

In front of the participant are victims with signs of clinical death and with symptoms of general hypothermia.

The participant provides first aid to the injured.

2.1. Providing first aid to the victim in a state of clinical death ( precordial beat)

2.2. Providing first aid to the victim with symptoms of general hypothermia

2.3. Call for rescue services

Task 3. "Personal protective equipment"

Put on a gas mask GP-5.

Execution conditions

A participant with a gas mask in the stowed position stands on the line. A member of the jury gives the command "GAS".

The participant puts on a gas mask.

Task 4. "Actions in case of fire detection"

Choose the appropriate fire extinguisher and extinguish the fire.

Execution conditions

The participant stands in front of the table on which fire extinguishers are located (at least 3 types of OP, OU, OV). In front of the participant is an imitation of the ignition of an electrical appliance. The jury member gives the command "To action - PROCEED".

Participant at the command of a jury member within 1 minute:

4.1. Determines the type of fire extinguisher required

Gross violation of TB, further action at stage (4.2) is not carried out, because he violated the requirements of his own safety.

4.2. Simulates fire extinguishing

4.3. Call for rescue services

Conditions for calculating the result

Penalty points are awarded for each mistake according to the regulations.

The result for each stage is calculated by subtracting the number of penalty points from the maximum possible number of points for the stage.

If the penalty points are greater than the maximum number of points for the stage, 0 points are set.

The final result is calculated by summing the points obtained for all stages.