Old stoves: how to determine the temperature in the oven without a thermometer. How to determine the temperature in the oven of a gas stove without a thermometer and by numbers How long should the oven warm up

Baking in the oven
1. Preheat the oven to 180 degrees.
2. Line a baking sheet with foil.
3. Put the strudel on the foil.
4. Put the baking sheet with the strudel on the middle level of the oven and bake for 45 minutes.
5. While baking, grease the strudel with oil.
6. Sprinkle the finished strudel with powdered sugar.
Serve the strudel cut into portions.

Apple strudel with puff pastry

Products
Puff pastry - 500 grams
Breadcrumbs - 2 tablespoons
Butter - 30 grams
Powdered sugar - 1 tablespoon
Apples - 600 grams
Honey (can be replaced with sugar) - 2 tablespoons Cognac - 50 grams
Ground cinnamon - 1 teaspoon

How to bake puff pastry strudel
1. Puff pastry defrost at room temperature within 1 hour.
2. Wash the apples, wipe dry, cut into 4 slices and remove the core.
3. Thinly slice apples.
4. Put the butter in the pan, put the pan on a slow fire.
5. When the butter is melted, put apples, honey (or sugar) to it, pour in brandy and simmer over medium heat for 7 minutes.
6. Sprinkle roasted apples with cinnamon.
7. Sprinkle the working surface with flour, roll out the dough on it, form a rectangle from the dough.
8. Sprinkle the dough with ground breadcrumbs over the entire surface, excluding the edges.
9. Put the apple filling on the dough.
10. Roll into a roll, pinch the edges of the dough (so that the strudel does not form during baking).
11. Brush the top of the strudel with 5 grams of melted butter.

Baking in the oven
1. Line a baking sheet with baking paper.
2. Preheat the oven to 180 degrees.
3. Place the baking sheet with the strudel on the middle rack of the oven.
4. Bake the strudel for 45 minutes.
5. Lubricate the finished strudel again butter and sprinkle with powdered sugar.

Baking in a slow cooker
1. Lubricate the container of the multicooker with oil.
2. Put the strudel roll into the multicooker container in a circle.
3. Bake for 1 hour on the "Baking" mode.
4. Turn the cake over and bake for another 40 minutes.
5. Grease the finished strudel with butter and sprinkle with powdered sugar.

Most modern ovens, both stand-alone and included in the stove, are produced with a specific temperature scale. In order to correctly set the division corresponding to the desired temperature, you should first read the instructions for using the equipment. Such documentation is included in any delivery set, and from it you can find out: 180 degrees in the oven - what is the number? After all, it is impossible to determine this on your own. Especially when you consider that the division scales can be very different, ranging from four divisions to nine. The maximum temperature that the oven is capable of producing may also differ.

180 degrees in the oven - what is the number on the division scale?

The exact information regarding the equipment installed in your kitchen can be obtained by reading the operating documentation. It indicates the correspondence of divisions to temperature in degrees (Celsius). This information can be written down on a piece of paper and used as a reminder so that each time you do not refer to the instructions. But how do you know which figure corresponds to 180 degrees in the oven if the documentation is lost? In this case, we recommend that you carefully read the information in this article - it will certainly be useful.

How to determine the correspondence of the scale on the oven to degrees?

What you should pay attention to first of all:

The total number of divisions (as mentioned earlier, it may differ in different models of ovens).
The indicator of the maximum temperature to which the oven is heated.

The number of divisions can be simply calculated by paying attention to the temperature switch, next to which the scale should be located. As for the maximum temperature indicator, it can be determined by the type of oven: for electric models, it can reach 280-290 degrees, for gas ones - 250 degrees (average figures are given). By specifying these parameters, you can find out which division can be taken as 180 degrees in a gas oven. Which figure corresponds to the same temperature indicator in electrical models- will also be considered. Below is information on the ratio of temperature in degrees and divisions on the oven switch. Please note that these data are approximate.

Scale ratios with degrees in ovens with a maximum temperature of 280-290 degrees

Below you can see which division is taken as 180 degrees in the oven, what is the number. Most dishes are cooked at this indicator. Therefore, it is important to remember how to set it on the division scale.

If there are nine divisions, the indicator we need is set by including 4 divisions. If the scale consists of eight digits, then set 3.

You can often find electric ovens in which there are only seven divisions, while heating is carried out to a maximum of 250 degrees. Here you need to be careful, as several options for modes may come up:

"two" is equated to indicators from 150 to 180 degrees;
"troika" equates to values from 170 to 200 degrees;
The "four" has a minimum of 182 degrees and a maximum of 215 degrees.

Scale ratios with degrees in ovens with a maximum temperature of 250-260 degrees

For equipment that warms up to 250 degrees, there may be the following indicators:

in the presence of 7 divisions, the number 4 is equal to 180-190 degrees;
if there are five divisions in the oven with heating indicators up to 266 degrees, a value of 1 is equal to an indicator of 170, and 2 to 230 (thus setting 1.5 on a scale can achieve the desired result).

How to find out if 180 degrees in the oven is what number if your oven differs from the above options, having either a different maximum temperature or a different division scale? In the absence of instructions, it will be problematic to cope with such a task. One of the ways out of this situation can be to visit the official portal of the equipment manufacturer in order to search for documentation in which you can find out for sure: 180 degrees in the oven is what number.

I made Easter cake today, and I thought, why not share its recipe with my beloved Maryushkas? :) I saw a lot of recipes, but almost all of them, with rare exceptions, are different types of muffin, from Easter cake there is only one form and decoration. A real Easter cake is made from a special Easter cake dough and it turns out much tastier than rich Easter cakes and cakes like cakes. It has a small-small layered structure, but at the same time it is surprisingly tender and just melts in your mouth, and the aroma!!!…:))) Kulichny...

Recipe for my favorite Easter cake.

Off Recipe for my favorite EASTER CAKE I was making Easter cake today, and I thought, would you share the recipe with my beloved Maryushkas? :) I saw a lot of recipes, but almost all of them, with rare exceptions, are various options muffins, from Easter cake there is only one form and decoration. A real Easter cake is made from a special Easter cake dough and it turns out much tastier than rich Easter cakes and cakes like cakes. It has a small-small layered structure, but at the same time it is surprisingly gentle and...

Discussion

It is traditionally believed that Easter cakes eat the whole Easter week until Radonitsa (9th day after Easter), and Easter cakes prepared according to this recipe are perfectly stored all this time, without losing freshness and aroma, however, I had no opportunity to check this ... Only pieces set aside, cooked to demolish the treat to work, they stayed up to 3-4 days from the moment of baking, otherwise everything was usually crushed during the Sunday, rarely when something was left the next day ... :)
It usually takes me 8-10 hours to cook Easter cakes ... It is possible that the next day my hands will ache out of habit ... But the result is good, therefore, I think, once a year, by the Bright Resurrection of Christ, you can cook a real Easter Easter cake In addition, such a cake filled with love, as they say, has a very good energy ... :))))))

there is a special baking paper - very handy!

Therefore, modern gastronomic thought bypasses it, except perhaps for a hypertrophied liver. Everything that you can cook from a goose was invented in ancient times, when stoves were heated with coal, and twelve people sat at the dinner table. But, when a holiday comes to the house, it's time to refresh your memory. Most often, the goose is stuffed. And it is right. In itself, a three-kilogram gander of meat will be typed for a maximum of four. And these four are not so full. But in order to get eight servings, a side dish is prepared on goose fat and a bird is stuffed with this side dish. To be honest, goose fat is generally the most interesting fragment. You can get it two...
... The goose must be sewn up with thick cotton threads, and then smeared with a thick layer of clay. Then rake up the coals, lightly dig the coated bird in them, sprinkle coals on top, and again build a fire in this very place. So, for a fun conversation, the goose will get ready. Moreover, this will happen sooner than in a gas or electric oven - the temperature of the fire flame is higher. After 1.5-2 hours, depending on the size of the goose. Try it! Goose with Normandy apples Goose with porridge Roast goose with banana bread and chutney Stuffed goose breast If you still bake in the oven, you can rub the goose with marinade. Soaking a goose in a marinade, perhaps, will not work - what kind of vessel is needed? Laugh...

It is this stewpan that is ideal for cooking meat stews and stewed vegetables, since this design will not allow food to burn, and the lid will prevent the liquid from evaporating and help maintain a high temperature, which means you do not have to add oil, and the cooking process will take less time. Kazan Kazan is a cast-iron cookware with thick walls and a semicircular bottom. It is widely believed that they cook in a cauldron only in nature, but in fact this is not so, you can cook in a cauldron at home, especially if you have a gas stove. To do this, you need to install a cauldron on a tripod and put it over an open fire. Traditionally, a cauldron is used...
... To do this, you need to install a cauldron on a tripod and put it over an open fire. Traditionally, a cauldron is used to cook pilaf, but any other vegetable and meat dishes can be cooked in it. The cauldron is convenient because, due to its design, it warms up evenly, which prevents food from burning and leads to the use of less oil. When choosing a cauldron, pay attention to the material from which it is made, a real cauldron should be cast iron, although aluminum treasuries with thick walls are also considered good. Brazier Another type of stewing utensils is a brazier. It is a frying pan...

Building of the century. Electric hobs "glass+ceramic"

If your apartment has main gas and powerful electrical wiring, then there are no restrictions on choosing the type of hob. According to statistics, both types of hobs are in approximately the same demand. It is not uncommon for an electric oven to be safely adjacent to a gas hob in a modern kitchen. Combinations are on sale. hobs, which have both gas burners and electric burners with a ratio of 3:1 or 2:2. Electric and gas panels, in turn, are divided into dependent and independent. The operation of dependent working panels is impossible without an oven, because the "control panel" for its burners is located on the body of the oven...
...Many leading manufacturers of glass-ceramic hobs equip their models with timers. At the end of the countdown, the timer turns off the corresponding hotplate, which is accompanied by an audible signal. Using the "write to memory" function (models from Bosch and Siemens), you can store a certain algorithm of frequently used actions in the memory of the hob and run these programs automatically at any time. Each installed program can consist of five different sequences of changing time and power parameters. If...

Discussion

I used a gas oven for a long time - and my weirdo did the same ... I don’t know, maybe someone already advised - I didn’t read all the messages. Everything is done simply. Place a baking sheet on the middle section, and a dish of water under the baking sheet! Then the bottom does not stick, and the top is baked. The only important thing is that the dishes with water are about the same size as what you are cooking in ... a baking sheet or shape. And add water as it evaporates.

The first thing that comes to mind is to put it higher. There may still be an issue here. Maybe it's too thin, so the bottom burns quickly. And yet, holes are made on the sides of the baking sheet so that warm air passes up and heats the top and walls - the top is baked from them. Maybe you don't have these holes or they are too small. Alternatively, place a smaller baking sheet on the wire rack.

29.06.2000 12:25:09,

I'm going to make pies according to the recipe below, so I don't know how much to set the oven, whether to change temperature regime? Please tell me. Found the recipe by searching. "Sift 600 grams of flour, divide in half. Add a bag of dry yeast (Saf-moment) to half (fresh is better, of course, but for the first time there is no need for difficulties), a glass of milk, and put in a warm place (I usually kindle the oven and I put it on the stove - it gets warm there. Or even if something is cooked on the stove ...

Discussion

I think this is my recipe - I did not immediately notice)))
The oven is really at 220. Nothing dries out, because for any yeast dough in the same oven a lower level, I put a bowl of water. An exception is baking in micro with convection. but even here the temperature is the same, although without water.

In terms of time - I will not say, 15-20 minutes, but the reference point is the color. These pies should be evenly golden, that is, not a white ruddy top, but completely.
When the pies in the oven "fix" (I don't know how to explain, a matter of practice). At the very least, they should rise and become uniform - without tubercles and pits, and when the first ruddy "tan" begins to appear on them, the surface should be greased with a beaten egg. That is, take out the baking sheet and IN A WARM PLACE (I used to put it on top of the stove, then a stove appeared with a “moving out” design for the baking sheet - just with an open oven) with a brush (for lack of a maid (ugh, brushes) you can take a piece of gauze by crumpling it "tampon"

Pies at 220 degrees????? Are pies planned or coals? This is the first time I hear about such a temperature regime for yeast dough. I preheat the oven for any baking except eclairs to 180 gr.

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Experienced chefs who have been cooking the same dishes for many years and using the same oven can easily determine the heating temperature, even without paying attention to the thermostat marks. It is enough to set the handle in the usual position and after a few minutes enjoy the result. But if the oven is new or the recipe requires precise observance of the temperature regime, and the thermometer does not work or is completely absent, then you will have to deal with the thermostat scale, which completely lacks any designations.

Comparison of measurement scales

If you have a passport for the oven and instructions for use, determine how many degrees in your oven gas stove at a certain position of the regulator knob is not difficult. These data are available in the relevant documents. If we are talking about a stove made more than 20 years ago, the instructions for which were lost back in the last century, you have to focus only on average indicators, as well as your own experience.

Old-style gas stoves are not much different from each other. The maximum heating of the oven in these models is limited to 280 ° C, the minimum - 150 ° C. The control knob scale has 8 divisions. Based on these parameters, we get markup with the following data:

One division corresponds to approximately 20 ° C;
To get heat at 200-220 ° C ( optimum temperature for cooking meat and other dishes), the regulator knob should be on the number 4-5. The biscuit is cooked at 180 ° C, the handle is transferred to position 3;
It is impossible to create a temperature of less than 150 °C using the regulator. But if you need to reduce the heat, for example, to cook meringues or dry herbs, the oven door is slightly opened and thus the heat is regulated.

These parameters are average and applicable to most gas stoves, but are not a direct guide to action. In addition, long-term operation of kitchen appliances can make certain adjustments, the heat level can greatly decrease or significantly exceed the specified parameters.

Tip: in the absence of a thermometer inside the oven, it is recommended to experimentally check the accuracy of the thermostat at least once a year.

How to find out the temperature in the oven by labels

How to determine the temperature in the oven by marks, without a thermometer, if the minimum and maximum indicators do not fit the “average” category? In addition, some models provide more precise temperature control and the number of divisions on the handle reaches 9 or 10 units. In others, there may be only 5 divisions and it is quite difficult to choose the most accurate temperature. That is why manufacturers of some gas stoves attach tables to their products that will help you figure out if the oven should be 180 degrees, how many units are on the regulator.

A breakdown on the scale is also offered for other temperature regimes most in demand in cooking.

t min - 170, t max - 266, number of divisions: 5

t min - 135, t max - 270, number of divisions: 7

Dividing on the knob-regulator	t, °С
1	135-165
2	150-180
3	170-200
4	180-215
5	205-235
6	220-250
7	240-270

t min - 135, t max - 250, number of divisions: 8

Dividing on the knob-regulator	t, °С
1	135
2	150
3	165
4	180
5	195
6	210
7	230
8	250

t min - 150, t max - 280, number of divisions: 8

Dividing on the knob-regulator	t, °С
1	150
2	160
3	180
4	200
5	220
6	240
7	260
8	280

t min - 140, t max - 280, number of divisions: 9

Dividing on the knob-regulator	t, °С
1	140
2	150
3	160
4	180
5	200
6	220
7	240
8	260
9	280

Advice! A suitable table is best placed in the kitchen so that you can easily read the temperature in your oven.

Methods for determining temperature without a thermometer

If there are no documents left on the stove and it is not possible to determine the temperature in the gas oven using the numbers on the regulator, since there are no minimum and maximum heating parameters, several simple but effective methods can be used. Their main essence is to determine what is the temperature of the flame inside the gas stove at a certain position of the thermostat.

This is a kind of check with which you can make sure that the mode is selected correctly for cooking certain dishes.

Paper

It can be plain white office paper or a notebook sheet. Newspapers, napkins and baking paper are not suitable for these purposes. The error in the indicators will be 5-10 °C. It is best to conduct the experiment several times to avoid gross errors and inaccuracies.

To determine the temperature normal fit paper

The oven is turned on by setting the regulator in the desired position;
After 10-15 minutes, when the oven heats up and reaches the desired parameters, a sheet of paper is placed inside. It must be placed on a baking sheet or wire rack in the area where food is usually located.
It is necessary to wait until the paper begins to char. At this stage, it is important to control the time. The table shows the ratio of temperature to the period of time that the sheet was inside the cabinet.

If even after 15 minutes of being inside the oven, the paper did not char, but only slightly changed its color, then inside the oven there is no more than 150 degrees.

Sugar

How to determine the temperature in an already working oven if food is loaded there. For example, there is a charlotte inside and there are suspicions that the cake is browning too quickly. To do this, use lump sugar, which is placed on a sheet or foil and placed inside on a baking sheet or wire rack, in the immediate vicinity of the cake. The melting point of sugar is 180 °C. Accordingly, if the pieces began to melt, then the heating level inside the cabinet is higher than this indicator.

Sugar melts at 180 degrees Celsius

On a note! This method is most convenient for checking the temperature when baking. In order for it not to burn and bake well, it is recommended to heat the oven to 180-200 ° C.

It does not matter if there is no lump sugar, it may well be replaced by granulated sugar. Their melting points are exactly the same. Using both types of sugar, you can quite accurately determine in which temperature range the oven operates. Due to the higher density, lump sugar will melt with a slight delay, while granulated sugar will flow immediately. If the temperature inside the cabinet is very high, more than 200 ° C, both types of sugar will begin to melt instantly.

Flour

How can you know the temperature in the oven without a thermometer, having only flour available? The method is as simple as the previous two. The only difference is that with the help of flour you can determine the maximum heating of the oven:

Despite the simplicity of the method, it has some features. So, for testing, you should use only white flour, by which you can easily track the color change. The amount of flour should also be measured. If there is a lot of it, the darkening will be uneven and it will be difficult to determine at what point the flour warmed up to the maximum temperature.

Conclusion

Regardless of how you decide to determine the degrees in the oven - by numbers, using averages or folk methods, these parameters will always be very approximate. They are perfect for most dishes, but for some types of pastries, a deviation of 5 degrees can be critical.

Those who decide to master the culinary art cannot do without an accurate thermometer. Ideally, if it is a built-in technique that reads heating information from several points inside the oven at once. These thermometers are mounted on a sight glass, which makes it easy to control all processes without opening the oven.

Thermometer in the oven

If you have to buy a thermometer separately, you should pay attention to the following details:

It must have a metal case and heat-resistant glass (plastic);
Measurement range - from minimum to 300-350°C. This will make it easy to determine the temperature in any oven, including if you have to use an electric oven or activate the grill;

In order to determine the temperature in the oven or in the oven by divisions, its instructions are mainly used. For each technique where gas is connected, an instruction manual is attached. The instructions indicate the maximum temperature of the oven itself and give the correspondence of the division scale to the temperature in Celsius (°C). These ovens have switch knobs with a scale for dividing into numbers. The number of divisions and the maximum temperature are different for all models. Some ovens may have 6, 7, 8 or 9 divisions. But how to determine the temperature in them. Switches on ovens can be not only gas, but also electric. After all, not all models have an electronic display.

The oven has its own defined maximum temperature. All models are different. Also, the maximum temperature differs for both electric and gas ovens. In gas ovens, the temperature is generally lower than in electric ones. For example, the maximum temperature electric oven can reach up to 290 degrees Celsius, and gas- up to 250 degrees Celsius.

Many people have had gas ovens for a long time, some left from their parents, and some were given as a gift. But the instructions for the oven may not be. We were going to cook a dish, but we don’t know how to turn the switch, which number to put on. What temperature does it fit? For this, there is an approximate correspondence of division to temperature.

On the oven, instead of degrees, numbers from 1 to *, temperature table

If there are 9 divisions in a gas oven, and the maximum reaches 280 degrees Celsius, then:

If there are 8 divisions in a gas oven, and the maximum reaches 280 degrees Celsius, then:

If there are 8 divisions in a gas oven, and the maximum reaches 250 degrees Celsius, then:

If there are 7 divisions in a gas oven, and the maximum reaches 250 degrees Celsius, then:

If there are 5 divisions in a gas oven, and the maximum reaches 266 degrees Celsius, then:

There are also gas stoves with an oven where there are 4 divisions, but I could not find how many in degrees, since the maximum heating of the oven is not indicated in the instructions either.

If there are 7 divisions in an electric oven, and the maximum reaches 250 degrees Celsius, then:

Matching data is approximate. The exact temperature can be found using the built-in thermometer, designed to determine the temperature.

Both autonomous and included in the plate, are produced with a specific temperature scale. In order to correctly set the division corresponding to the desired temperature, you should first read the instructions for using the equipment. Such documentation is included in any delivery set, and from it you can find out: 180 degrees in the oven - what is the number? After all, it is impossible to determine this on your own. Especially when you consider that the division scales can be very different, ranging from four divisions to nine. The maximum temperature that the oven is capable of producing may also differ.

180 degrees in the oven - what is the number on the division scale?

How to determine the correspondence of the scale on the oven to degrees?

What you should pay attention to first of all:

The total number of divisions (as mentioned earlier, it may differ in different models of ovens).
The indicator of the maximum temperature to which the oven is heated.

The number of divisions can be simply calculated by paying attention to the temperature switch, next to which the scale should be located. As for the maximum temperature indicator, it can be determined by the type of oven: for electric models, it can reach 280-290 degrees, for gas ones - 250 degrees (average figures are given). By specifying these parameters, you can find out which division can be taken as 180 degrees in a gas oven. Which figure corresponds to the same temperature indicator in electric models will also be considered. Below is information on the ratio of temperature in degrees and divisions on the oven switch. Please note that these data are approximate.

Scale ratios with degrees in ovens with a maximum temperature of 280-290 degrees

If there are nine divisions, the indicator we need is set by including 4 divisions. If the scale consists of eight digits, then set 3.

"two" is equated to indicators from 150 to 180 degrees;
"troika" equates to values from 170 to 200 degrees;
The "four" has a minimum of 182 degrees and a maximum of 215 degrees.

Scale ratios with degrees in ovens with a maximum temperature of 250-260 degrees

For equipment that warms up to 250 degrees, there may be the following indicators:

in the presence of 7 divisions, the number 4 is equal to 180-190 degrees;
if there are five divisions in the oven with heating indicators up to 266 degrees, a value of 1 is equal to an indicator of 170, and 2 to 230 (thus setting 1.5 on a scale can achieve the desired result).

At the disposal of modern housewives there are a lot household appliances that make life much easier. One of the convenient devices is considered to be an oven. Housewives are happy to bake various products, delighting their loved ones with tasty and healthy food. It’s great if there is an innovative oven at home with a mass of various functions and sensors. But, if there is none, how to preheat the oven to the desired temperature?

Determine by eye

It is quite difficult to determine to what temperature the oven has warmed up without a thermometer. For example, if you need to bake a chicken at a temperature of 180 0, how to understand that the cabinet has already warmed up to the desired values? You can light a medium fire, wait 5-7 minutes, and after making the fire smaller, put food in the oven. It cannot be guaranteed that in this case the desired temperature will be obtained, but according to the hostesses, in such conditions it is already possible to bake chicken.

But chicken or fish do not require precision, like a whimsical biscuit. How to proceed in this case? For the preparation of more temperature-demanding dishes, it is recommended to purchase a separate thermometer intended for use in ovens.

folk tricks

Some 10-15 years ago, for lack of a thermometer on the oven, housewives used the old, proven methods for determining the temperature regime. To understand to what degrees the oven has warmed up, you need to take a pinch of flour and place it on a baking sheet. Pre-heat the oven and line the baking sheet with white paper. When pouring flour on paper, you need to observe for how long, it will change color.

If the flour charred within a few seconds, then the cabinet has heated up to 280 0 C.
A rapid color change from white to dark means heating up to 220 0 C.
With a slow change in shade to yellowish, the oven is heated to 180 0 C.

There is another way to find out without a thermometer what temperature the oven is heated to. To find out how much to heat the oven to an average of 180-200 0 C, you need to light a fire in the cabinet and place a piece of foil on a warm baking sheet. Then pour a small amount of sugar on top. Slowly increase the level of fire in the closet. As soon as the sugar on the foil begins to melt, then the temperature has reached 200 0 C. This indicator is quite enough for cooking most baked dishes and pastries.

Determine the time

If there was no foil, no sugar, no flour at hand, but you need to preheat the oven to 180 degrees, you can use the time indicator. Experienced housewives recommend timing the time from the moment the fire is lit. It takes at least 10 minutes for the temperature regime to reach the set parameters. Provided that the fire is medium. Accordingly, with an increase in fire, the time for warming up the cabinet decreases.

When you turn on a low fire, the oven heats up to a temperature of 180 0 C for 20-25 minutes.
With medium heat - 15 minutes.
With a strong - 5-7 minutes.

Taking into account the capabilities of the equipment

If the household uses an old oven, the craftsmen recommend calculating the heating time, taking into account the capabilities of the device. Yes, everything ovens, released 20 or more years ago, are designed for a maximum heating power of 300 0 C. This means that for heating to the maximum, the gas supply valve to this burner must be fully open. If the valve is opened halfway, the oven will heat up to 150 0 C. Further, by mathematical calculations, we find that the valve is open for a quarter of the full circle, it starts, heating up to 75 0 C. So, in order to heat the oven to 180-200 0 C, you need turn the knob half a circle and a little more clockwise on the makeshift dial to the number 8.

Summing up

Do not be upset if you are not lucky enough to have a modern oven with a lot of functions and possibilities. Using the recommendations of experienced housewives, you can independently set the desired temperature in the oven. Remember that basically all dishes are baked at a temperature of 180-200 0 C. Using the tips above, you can easily preheat the oven to the required indicators.