How to calculate the angle of the roof. What determines the slope of the roof The minimum angle for ondulin
Which can be mounted in different ways, depending on the purpose of the roof.
The roof layers that need to be covered are called roofing cake. Each of the layers roofing cake performs its functions and fits in accordance with certain rules. If the laying of at least one layer of the roofing cake is violated, the principle of the functional purpose of the entire roof is completely violated.
Depending on the design of the roof, on its purpose, the sequence, installation method and number of layers may vary slightly. In this article, you will learn how to put ondulin and how to calculate the number of roof sheets.
The width and length of a standard euroslate sheet is 95 cm and 200 cm, respectively. The area of such a sheet is 1.92 square meters. The useful area of the material is determined without overlaps and can be: 1.3 sq. m, 1.5 sq. m and 1.6 sq. m.
To calculate the consumption of material, indicators should be determined:
- usable area of the covering material. Depends on the angle of inclination. The multi-pitched shape of the roof is calculated from the total area of each of the slopes;
- roof area. It is determined by adding the areas of all slopes with mathematical formulas of figures (trapezoid, square, rectangle, triangle);
- the number of sheets of material. It is determined by dividing the area of the entire roof by the usable area of \u200b\u200bone sheet of material.
CAREFULLY!
The roof area is calculated exclusively along the eaves overhang line, but not along the edge of the roof lathing.
Of great importance is the correct calculation of longitudinal overlaps, which can significantly reduce the number of trimmings. The top row, if possible, should be laid in sheets of full length, since the ridge element will reduce its height.
There are a few more additions to the correct calculation of ondulin:
- when calculating, you should additionally add 10% or 15-20% respectively to a simple roof or a complex roof with different angles and transitions;
- additional elements (ridge, valleys, tongs, aprons around chimneys and windows, junctions) require additional coverage with ondulin;
- when calculating ondulin mixed color solution it is necessary to schematically depict the design of the roof on a reduced scale and calculate the consumption of sheets of each color separately.
Special programs for calculating the consumption of covering material greatly facilitate mathematical calculations and help to more accurately calculate the amount of euroslate for roofing.
Ondulin - installation instructions
When the crate is mounted in accordance with the angle of inclination, the coating should be laid in stages. Installation of ondulin step by step:
ondulin (tile) installation instructions
Now you know in detail how to put ondulin. All stages of roofing ensure error-free laying of ondulin, regardless of what roof design is provided. The sequence of actions provides a good result.
Waterproofing and vapor barrier under ondulin
Firms producing ondulin present the material as a coating that does not require the installation of additional vapor barrier materials or waterproofing. At the same time, it is recommended to equip the roof of the room (or attic) requiring insulation with a waterproofing layer. We also recommend installing a vapor barrier membrane on the side of the room.
Additional elements of waterproofing and ventilation devices:
- waterproofing of the roofing cornice is provided by a special box, which is attached to the base of the sheet overhang;
- ventilation is provided by ventilation pipes, which, like a window, are fastened with self-tapping screws for each wave of the coating;
- to protect against insects, a ventilation comb is mounted in the clearance under the eaves;
- the joints of the ondulin sheets are glued with a tape produced by the coating manufacturer (Onduflash);
- junctions of windows, valleys and other joints with the roof, cornices are also glued with adhesive tape;
Do-it-yourself ondulin laying: step by step instructions
Vapor barrier is often provided by laying a special vapor barrier material. Such a layer should be covered in a roofing cake.
Useful video
Informative thematic video on self-laying ondulin:
Conclusion
You can cover the roof with ondulin quite efficiently if you study the principles of work and take into account the nuances of installation. Despite the fact that the material is quite light, it will be possible for one person to install it.
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The reliability of a house very often depends on a well-executed roof project and its construction. Namely, how correctly set minimum slope roofs, since the main functions of this design are to protect the premises from precipitation and to resist heavy winds.
In addition, the correctly chosen value allows snow and rain not to linger on the surface, thereby increasing the life of the roofing.
However, overestimation of this value is not always good, since with an increase in the angle, the flow rate increases. building materials. In addition, the wind load on the roof also becomes greater, which will require strengthening the supporting structures. Therefore, when drawing up a project, it is necessary to take into account various factors, which will be discussed further.
What determines the angle of the roof
Scheme of the most traditional roof mounting option.
This indicator is measured in degrees from the horizontal line and can vary between 5-60º. The range of values is quite large. As a rule, designers make the necessary calculations, which usually range from 20º to 45º, which allows the use of any roofing material: metal tiles, corrugated board, slate, etc. But since this indicator is considered average and each project has its own characteristics, it becomes necessary to make calculations for each building separately.
The main factors affecting this value are:
- the shape of the roof and the purpose of the building;
- climatic conditions;
- roofing material.
The shape of the roof and the purpose of the building
When calculating this parameter, it should be determined whether the roof is in operation. An unused roof is a ceiling last floor where there is no space between the outer protective structure and the horizontal partition. This type includes flat surfaces and roofs with a minimum slope, while the gap between the ceiling and the truss system in this case does not exceed 1.5 m.
When the roof has more than one slope, the angles will depend on the purpose of the room under the rafter system. If this part of the house is supposed to be taken under the attic for technical needs and storage of household items, then it makes no sense to make it high. But if the project involves the construction of a full-fledged living room (attic), in this case it is necessary to build a roof with a large slope, since due to this value, free space is formed.
Hip roofs are considered the most popular among hip ceilings. Having a rather complex design, they can have different slopes, which will depend primarily on the chosen design and the personal taste of the developer. The advantages of this type of roof include the use of any roofing material.
Climatic conditions
The region of construction is of no small importance when choosing the angle, since the optimal value of the roof angle will reduce the load on the supporting structure. So for an area in which strong winds very often occur, it is necessary to assign a minimum slope angle, taking into account all factors. If you neglect this parameter and overestimate the value, this can cause "windage" and a violation of the integrity of the structure.
By assigning a minimum roof slope in areas with heavy and frequent snowfalls, there is a risk of creating loads that are dangerous for the roofing material. Therefore, for areas with similar weather conditions, an increase in the angle of inclination is required, which will allow snow masses not to linger on the roof surface and roll down under the influence of their weight.
As for regions where sunny and dry weather prevails, the best option for the house will be the construction of a flat roof. It is this design that has a smaller heated surface area, which contributes to the creation of more comfortable living conditions. Very often instead of dark roll coatings, prone to quickly heat up under the influence of sunlight, the roof surface is covered with gravel. However, a flat type of roof must necessarily have a minimum angle of inclination, which varies between 2-5º.
The next important parameter that affects the angle of inclination of the roof is the material of the finish coating. Giving your preference to any type, it is necessary to study its main characteristics and recommendations of specialists for use. This will allow you to build a reliable structure with a long service life. When choosing the angle of inclination of the roof, one should take into account the permanent and temporary loads. The first includes the mass finishing material And truss system, and the temporary arises as a result of precipitation.
Most often, developers use standard calculations of designers, as well as operating experience at the minimum allowable values:
- Soft roll materials (roofing material, euroroofing material): laying in less than three layers - 15º; more than three layers - 2-5º.
- Roofing membrane coatings are considered a universal type: they can be used for any roof configuration, but a minimum slope angle of 2-5º is allowed.
- Ondulin roof installation - 6º.
- Metal roofing - the minimum slope of the roof must be at least 14º. In this case, the installation of a metal-tiled roof will require special conditions to be observed. In particular, if the slope exceeds 45º. it is necessary to change the place of attachment of the ridge board and the method of attachment for the ridge. With a small value of this parameter, it is necessary to install an aero roller between the tiles and the ridge bar, which will avoid blowing snow.
- Asbestos-cement sheets for roofing (slate), ceramic tiles - at least 22º. This value will avoid the accumulation of moisture in the places of attachment and joining of the material and its further seepage.
- Installation of soft tiles should have an angle of inclination not less than 11º. In addition, the crate on which the material will be mounted must be solid.
- The value of the minimum of the profiled sheet is 12º. It should be noted that installation at a minimum angle requires additional sealing of joints with a sealant.
Before starting work, you should carefully read the recommended installation parameters for a particular material. Otherwise, the manufacturer cannot guarantee the declared characteristics of the installed coating and service life.
How to determine the required angle of inclination
H - The height of the truss system (from the ridge to the ceiling);
L - Width of the building, or for complex roofs having sections with different slopes - the distance of the working surface relative to the perpendicular straight line in the direction of the ridge.
If the slope needs to be expressed as a percentage, the formula will look like this:
I=H/(0.5 L)x100%.
If you need to measure or express, or when it is necessary to determine the geometric dimensions from an existing value, you can use the simplest trigonometric functions:
In order to correctly calculate the required angle of inclination of the roofing surface, it would be useful to learn how to use the Bradis mathematical tables.
Having determined the permissible parameters for the material, it is possible in some cases to adjust the height of the ridge in order to reduce the coverage area and more economical consumption of roofing material. This value is measured with an inclinometer. But such a device has become less used at the moment, since there are more accurate geodetic instruments that allow you to get accurate measurements - these are drip and electronic levels.
The reliability of any building, as well as the comfort of living in it, depend mainly on how well its roof is arranged.
And one of the criteria for the quality of the roof is its slope.
Since the amount of roofing material also depends on its size, the choice of the angle of inclination and its preliminary calculations are made before the purchase of the selected roofing material begins.
What influences it
Depending on the magnitude of the slope of the roof slopes, the peculiarity of its operation depends.
It is customary to distinguish 4 types of roofs:
- high, with an angle of 45-60 degrees;
- pitched, with a slope of 30 to 45 degrees;
- gentle, the slope angle of which is 10-30 degrees;
- flat. A slope of 10 degrees or less.
The choice of the value of this parameter is influenced, first of all, by natural factors that are characteristic of the area.
Strong wind exerts the greatest pressure on high roofs.
Because such roofs, due to the large angle of inclination, have a very large area.
A large surface area has a very high windage.
Accordingly, the load on the entire structure of the truss system is very high.
And if you decide to arrange a high roof with a very large slope, then you should take care of a very solid foundation.
However, in areas where strong winds prevail, it is unsafe to arrange and flat roofs.
With this type of roof, the lower part of the slope will be high blood pressure with strong wind.
And if the roof fastening is weakened, the entire structure may fail.
Therefore, in areas where strong winds are frequent, it is recommended to arrange pitched roofs with a slope of 25 - 30 degrees.
If the wind force is small, then the slope of the roof can be 30-45 degrees.
If in the area where the house is being built, during the cold season there is heavy snowfall, then a roof with a large slope angle should be built.
In this case, the high roof is out of competition.
On roofs with a large slope, snow does not linger.
It is for this reason that in all northern countries the roofs on buildings are very high (Sweden, Finland, Norway, etc.).
The smaller the angle of the roof slope, the longer the fallen snow will be on the slopes.
The more weight will affect the entire structure.
If the design of the truss system is made with a large margin of safety, then some layer of snow on the roof is not bad.
It provides a little extra insulation.
However, if the design of the truss system of the structure is not designed for a large load, then there may be big problems.
Choosing a slope depending on the roofing material used
Gone are the days when only two types of roofing materials were used for covering: tiles and slate.
There are a lot of roofing materials today!
Each material has its own individual technical characteristics and this must be taken into account when calculating the required value of the angle of inclination.
After all, it may happen that the material you like in terms of its parameters simply does not fit.
Minimum Tilt Angle
There is a concept of the minimum value of this parameter.
For each of the materials, this parameter is different.
And if the angle of inclination obtained as a result of your calculations turns out to be less than the minimum value for the roofing material you have chosen, then you cannot use it for roofing.
In the future, a lot of problems can arise if you violate this rule:
- for any piece of stacked roofing materials, such as tiles or slate, the minimum slope is 22 degrees. It is with this value that moisture does not accumulate at the joints and moisture does not seep inside the roof;
- tilt angle for roll materials(roofing felt, bicrost, etc.) depends on how many layers you plan to lay. If there are three layers, then the slope can be 2-5 degrees. If there are two layers, then it needs to be increased to 15 degrees;
- corrugated board manufacturers recommend that when constructing a roof from this material, arrange a slope angle of 12 degrees. Decking can also be used at lower values, but in this case it is necessary to glue the joints of the sheets with a sealant;
- For metal tiles the value of this parameter is 14;
- for ondulin - this is a value of 6 degrees;
- the minimum slope for soft tiles is 11 degrees. But at the same time, a prerequisite is a continuous crate;
- for membrane roofing there are no strict requirements for the minimum value of this parameter.
It's about the minimum values.
My advice is to stick to these rules.
So that in the middle of winter you do not have to re-roof the entire roof.
Now about the optimal values
If it rains and snows often in the region, then the roof will be optimal, the angle of inclination of the slopes of which will be 45 - 60 degrees. After all, it is necessary to remove the load from water and snow from the roof as soon as possible.
Because the strength of the truss system is not unlimited.
And thanks to the large slope of the roof, rain and snow will descend as quickly as possible.
If in the region where the house is built, there are constantly strong winds, then the roof is treated differently.
With a smaller slope, its windage decreases.
And there is no exorbitant load on the roofing material and rafters.
Also, the roof will not tear off during sudden gusts of wind.
In this case, the optimal angle of the roof slope is 9 - 20 degrees.
Very often in the region there is both snow and wind.
For example, the Orenburg region.
In this case, choose the average value of the angle of inclination.
As a rule, its value is in the range of 20 - 45 degrees.
If you notice, most pitched roofs have exactly that meaning.
We calculate its value
For lean-to
We draw a perpendicular L sd along the wall, originating at the point where the short wall ends and resting on the wall with the maximum length.
The result is a right triangle.
If the length of the wall L cd is 10 meters, then in order to obtain a slope angle of 45 degrees, the length of the wall L bc must be equal to 14.08 meters.
For gable
Calculation principle for gable roof similar to the previous principle.
Consider an example
Leg C is half the width of the building.
Leg a is the height from the ceiling to the ridge.
The hypotenuse is the length of the ramp.
If we know any two parameters, then the angle of inclination can be easily calculated using a calculator.
If the width is 8 and the height is 10 meters, then the formula should be used: 
cos A = c+b
Width c = 8/2 = 4 meters.
As a result, the formula looks like this:
cos A = 4/10 = 0.4
According to the Bradis tables, we find the value of the angle to which the given cosine value corresponds.
It equals 66 degrees.
For a four-slope
And again, you can not do without roulette and Bradis tables.
Knowing several parameters, you can easily calculate others.
Including the angle of inclination of the hipped roof.
It should be remembered that all dimensions must be taken as accurately as possible.
And to measure the slope of an already built roof, a special tool will help - an inclinometer.
After all, if you make a mistake, then the angles of inclination, length and area may not be correct.
This means that you will make a mistake in the amount of material required or the strength of the roof will be lower than planned.
Watch a video about the slope of the ramps.
Sergey Novozhilov - roofing materials expert with 9 years of experience practical work in the field of engineering solutions in construction.
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Ondulin roofing is a fairly light and at the same time durable material that is widely used in construction. For most builders, these corrugated sheets are an excellent opportunity to quickly build a new roof, as well as dismantle the old slate. The main characteristics of ondulin roofing include high reliability, operation over a long period (up to several decades), it is suitable for structures of any complexity, and can also be used in the repair of structures for any purpose, even in the most severe climatic conditions.
The ondulin installation technology is quite simple, and with the help of the proposed instructions, the work can be done not only efficiently, but also quickly.
If you decide to put roofing, then you will be able to cope with this on your own, because the light weight of euroslate sheets allows you to transport and assemble the material without special equipment and construction skills. It can be used in the construction of the roof of houses, cottages, baths, gazebos and other outbuildings.
Ondulin roofing has a significant advantage over other roofing materials - sheets can be attached directly to the old roof. Such ondulin installation technology helps to reduce material costs for replacing the previous coating, and also does not require disclosure of the internal premises of the building located under the roof.
Before the beginning installation work it is recommended to read the instructions supplied by the manufacturer complete with ondulin and its accessories. In addition, the instruction is endowed with another function - it usually indicates the presence of a factory warranty. The consumer has the right to make any demands in relation to the manufacturer only if all the conditions listed in the instructions are met.
It is also important that the legal guarantee applies to the original ondulin, which was purchased from an official representative or partner of the manufacturer.
In the case of installation by a construction team, the customer must also be aware of the main stages of work in order to control the quality of the roofing installation.
List of rules for the installation of ondulin roofing
As a rule, the ondulin installation instructions also involve minor deviations or actions at the discretion of the developer, however, with insufficient experience in such construction, it is better to abandon amateur activities.
Features of the installation technique of ondulin flooring
Suggested below detailed instructions for laying ondulin coating.
How to properly lay ondulin so that the roof does not leak, details on the video:
When installing ventilation outlets through the roofing, you can use special outlets. The base of the structure passing through the roof is attached to all the waves of the bottom sheet, and the top
What roof slope is required when installing an onduvilla The roof of any building or structure has a slope. This is necessary to remove precipitation and reduce climatic loads. The slope of the roof must take into account the type of roofing material and is regulated by regulatory documents. Onduvilla bituminous tiles are installed with slopes starting from 9 degrees.2015-09-07T10:34:29+03:00
Absolutely flat roofs can not be. Even those roofs that we mistakenly call flat have a slope of about 3 degrees. The slope of the roof is necessary to drain rain and melt water, to ensure the descent of snowdrifts, as well as to optimize wind and snow load: in regions with heavy snowfalls, roofs with large angles of inclination are erected, and in flat areas with strong winds sloped roofs are predominantly arranged.
In addition, the angle of inclination of the roof depends on the design of the building and takes into account the type of roofing material. For example, they have large angles of inclination, and the roofs of urban high-rise buildings have a slope of 1 to 4 degrees; natural shingles are used at slope angles of more than 22 degrees, and Onduvilla shingles are laid at roof slopes of 9 degrees.
Preferred angles of inclination when using various materials are contained in the set of rules SP 17.13330.2011 SNiP II-26-76 "Roofs": when using bituminous corrugated sheets The recommended roof pitch is 12 degrees or more. Taking into account specifications and mounting method shingles Onduvilla, the manufacturer sets the minimum allowable roof slope equal to 9 degrees (15%).
Roof of Onduvilla. Specifications
Onduvilla shingles have a size of 106x40 cm. Each tile has 6 corrugations and is equipped with a Smart Lock. The distance between the axes of the corrugations - 19 cm; corrugation height - 4 cm; the overlap set by the Smart Lock is 8 cm. Onduvilla installation is carried out using branded roofing nails, consumption - 5 pcs. for 1 tile.
High corrugations and joints in Smart Lock locks prevent water from flowing and blowing snow under the roof at low roof slopes.
When heating the roof of Onduvilla sunbeams the smallest drops of light fractions of bitumen stand out. They glue the tiles together, forming a continuous roofing carpet, and hermetically seal the technological fastening holes. Elastic nail heads adhere tightly to the surface of the bituminous shingles and provide additional protection against leaks.
These technical features allowed to set the minimum installation angle of the roof of Onduvilla equal to 9 degrees.
Onduvilla crate. Installation rules and technical features
The type of onduvilla sheathing depends on the angle of the roof and is mounted in strict accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. At angles of inclination up to 20 degrees (up to 36%), the onduvilla is mounted on a continuous crate:
A solid crate for onduvilla is made of sheet materials(FSF plywood, OSB-3 oriented strand board) or edged board with a section of 25x100 mm. Boards with a width of more than 100 mm are not used, because. over time, they warp and the plane of the roof is broken;
When installing a continuous crate, expansion (dilation) gaps are formed. They compensate for the expansion of the crate material when heated and swelling from water;
A solid crate for onduvilla is covered with a waterproofing carpet made of lining rolled materials.
At angles of inclination of the roof of 20 degrees or more (more than 36%), the installation of the onduvilla is carried out on a sparse crate. For its manufacture, an edged board with a section of 25x100 mm or a bar with a section of 50x50 mm is used. The center distance between the first two beams at the eaves should be 30 cm. The pitch of the remaining beams of the crate is 32 cm.
