How to process the board so that it does not rot. How to protect wood from decay and moisture. Modern methods of combating decay

For many centuries, wood has been the most demanded material in construction and finishing works. Boards, beams, logs and other elements can be found in almost every house, in the country and in various buildings. But the tree has one unpleasant feature - it is subject to decay and other biological hazards. What should be done to protect wooden structures from this disaster? This will be discussed in this article.

Mold or microscopic fungi are often found on wood. It is this enemy, apart from fire, that is the most dangerous for wooden products. Rotting can destroy a strong house or any other structure in a matter of days or weeks.

Mold often infects wood during storage or transportation. But in order for rot to spread rapidly, certain conditions must be met. Namely:

To prevent the active process of wood decay, some steps should be taken. preventive action. Here are the main ones:

• if you are going to build a log house, then you need to choose dry logs for this. It is very important that the drying process of the tree takes place according to the rules and lasts at least one year;
• the construction of a house or other structure must be carried out using the foundation. In this case, the wood will not come into contact with the ground, which means that the risk of mold will decrease;
• it is very important to protect the ends of the timber and logs, it is these places that are most vulnerable to the penetration of mold fungi. Most often, the ends are upholstered with boards. In addition, it is necessary to periodically inspect (preferably in the spring) in order to identify problem areas in advance and take action.

And, of course, we must not forget about various impregnations, special solutions and paintwork. This will be discussed in more detail in the following chapters.

We use antiseptics

To cope with wood decay, it is necessary, in addition to preventive measures, to use various chemicals . Modern industry produces a wide range of such substances, but the main ones are used for:

• conservation;
• antiseptics.

The first option is produced only in the factory. In special containers, wood is kept in special solutions. As a result of this "soaking" chemical substances get deep inside the tree and reliably protect it from the penetration of mold fungi.

Not all wood that enters the construction market is subjected to the conservation process, which is why products called antiseptics are so popular. These substances can be applied independently and, like preservatives, they perfectly prevent decay.

For sale you can find the following types of antiseptics:

• Water soluble. Such tools are very common. Due to the presence of water in the composition, they dry quickly and are practically odorless. Water-soluble antiseptics are great for protecting walls, ceilings, floors and other structures. The only contraindication is that this antiseptic cannot be used when processing wood, which often comes into contact with water;
• Water repellent. To protect wooden structures in the bathroom, bathroom or bath, it is better to use just such means. They penetrate deep into the wood and are not afraid of moisture. But such an antiseptic has a strong and pungent odor;
• Based on volatile substances. Such products cover the surface with a thick film, which serves as protection against the penetration of mold;
• Oil based. Such substances are only suitable for dry wood. In addition, oil antiseptics are not recommended for use in residential areas;
• Combined. This modern material, which can be used on almost any type of wood and in any room. In addition to reliable protection against the penetration of mold fungi, such antiseptics also have a fire-fighting effect.

If we talk about specific brands of antiseptics, then there are quite a few of them. The market is widely represented by both domestic and imported materials. The choice always remains with the buyer. Before going to the store, you should visit an online forum on construction topics, here you can view reviews about a particular antiseptic. With this information, it will be easier for you to right choice.

Arriving at the store with antiseptics, you will see a large assortment of similar products. It's important here make the right choice, and it can be based on the following recommendations from experts:

And don't forget the periodic protective layer update. Any coating or impregnation is not eternal, therefore, if cracks, chips or changes in the color of wood appear, all elements must be processed again.

Folk ways of protection

If you are not lovers of "chemistry" or have no desire to spend extra money, then you can use some folk methods to protect wooden elements. Over the centuries-old history of the use of such material, a lot of experience has accumulated.

For example, to combat mold, you can use a mixture of water and superphosphate. Thickly kneading the solution, it is applied to the desired surface. Better lay down two or three layers, so the protection will be more reliable.

In addition, you can use another mixture. 5 parts of table salt are poured into 75 parts of ordinary clay and diluted with 20 parts of water. This mixture, as in the previous case, is applied to the surface of the wood. After drying, a crust forms, which prevents the penetration of mold fungi into the wood.

In addition, there are also other methods protect boards and others wooden materials from decay. We list just a few of them:

• you can use silicate glue. We dilute it with water and treat the problem areas with the resulting solution;
• baking soda and vinegar are widely used in folk methods. These substances will also help in the fight against mold. Apply to desired area baking soda, and then, using a spray bottle, spray with vinegar. As a result of a violent reaction, mold fungi will die;
• you can dilute one hundred grams of copper sulfate in 10 liters of water. This solution treats wooden elements. Moreover, this method can help in the fight against mold, which appeared not only on wood, but also on any other surfaces;
• prepare the following solution: for 5 liters of boiling water, take a kilogram of salt and 50 grams of boric acid. With this tool, you need to treat damaged surfaces several times, with an interval of 2-3 hours.

Also for protection of external wooden elements applied resin. This material is coated with all structures that are constantly moistened or in contact with the ground.

Finally

As you can see, there are many ways to deal with mold. You can use industrially produced substances or use methods proven by the people. If you apply the first option, then it is important to carefully read the purchased product. Read the instructions for use and the label itself. It is important that the product is not expired and does not contain a large amount of substances hazardous to health. But it is best to carefully choose the wooden materials themselves and use them correctly. Then no mold fungi are afraid of you.

Wood has been used as a building material since ancient times. It is still the most common eco-friendly material. Wood products have a pleasant, natural smell and beautiful colour. But natural materials can suffer from exposure to moisture and microorganisms. One of the main enemies of wooden structures is fungi that lead to decay. Therefore, it is important to timely treat wood from decay and moisture.

Rotting Prevention

Prior to construction, a number of preventive measures. The moisture content of wood varies depending on the season and weather conditions. Wooden construction blanks must be dried in natural conditions during the year. Wood has the ability to absorb moisture from environment and swell at its high content. At high temperature drying out of the wood.

Such vibrations lead to the formation of cracks, and the wooden structure may suffer. It is necessary to coat the wood with compounds that reduce the absorption of moisture, but allow the wood to "breathe" . There are methods to protect wood from decay, preventing decomposition processes and bad influence moisture:

1. Room waterproofing.
2. Compliance with humidity standards and temperature regime during storage.
3. Regular inspections of buildings and products for damage by fungus and pests.

Fungal infection occurs due to violations of the conditions of transportation and storage. Factors contributing to the reproduction of microorganisms:

If a fungus is detected, it is necessary to take a sample to determine the density and moisture content of the wood and treat the wood from decay. Special tools will help slow down the decomposition process. Otherwise, the structure will rot, eventually take on an unsightly appearance and completely collapse.

Antiseptics

You can prevent the reproduction of fungi and mold with the help of antiseptics. They inhibit the development of microorganisms. When choosing means, it is important to consider that some of them can cause considerable damage to people and animals. You should also pay attention to the anti-corrosion properties and the effect of antiseptics. Impregnation for wood from moisture and decay can be divided into 4 groups:

Folk recipes

cook effective remedy protection, it is possible to impregnate a tree from rotting and moisture with the help of folk remedies. If the decay process has not yet managed to cover a large area, Folk recipes will help eliminate further destruction:

• Liquid glass (silicate glue). Dilute the glue in water, apply the solution with a brush to the areas where rotting was localized. As a result of processing, a dense layer of whitish-colored glue remains on the surface of the structure. This method is the easiest.
• Vinegar and soda. Treat the affected areas with soda, then spray with acetic acid using a spray bottle.
• Sulfuric acid and potassium dichromate. Mix potassium dichromate in equal parts with sulfuric acid. Saturate the wood outside with the solution.
• Copper vitriol. Dissolve 100 g of powder in 10 liters of water and apply the solution to the dried wood.
• Resin. Hot resin can be used for external processing. Bring the resin to a boil and apply to the dried wood. For colored products, the product is not suitable, because it paints the surface in a dark tone.
• salt and boric acid. Salt (1 kg) and boric acid (50 g) stir in boiling water (5 l). Coat the wooden surface several times with a break of 2 hours, allowing the product to absorb well and dry.

Processing by the Finnish method

The Finnish method of wood processing will require salt, water, iron sulfate, slaked lime, flour. Mix the ingredients thoroughly until smooth. Most of the mixture should be water and flour. Heat the mixture over low heat and immediately apply it to the wooden surface. This composition is not washed off with water and stays on the wood for a long time.

To treat wood from decay and moisture with an antiseptic, use various ways. The most efficient is full immersion of building materials in a container with active components. But this expensive pleasure. Impregnation in autoclaves is based on the action of high pressure, which ensures deep penetration of the composition into the wood.

Most antiseptics are conveniently applied with a roller, brush or spray gun.

Only a dry surface that has not previously been coated with anything should be treated, otherwise the product will not be absorbed. First, they impregnate places that have already been affected by decay. Processing should be carried out in warm, dry weather at 20-25 degrees above zero. At temperatures below 5 degrees, impregnation treatment will not be beneficial.

Wood is the most valuable material that is actively used in construction. The popularity of this natural foundation is due to its many advantages. Among them stand out:

The wood is quickly exposed to moisture and under its influence begins to rot, so it is necessary to treat the wood with protective moisture-resistant agents.

• ease of finishing;
• fortress;
• durability;
• absolute harmlessness;
• attractive external indicators;
• ease of installation work.

However, despite the large number of positive characteristics, wood is very capricious and can change under the influence of unfavorable external indicators. In order for this material to please with its beauty and practicality for many years, a number of measures should be taken to protect it. How to treat wood from moisture? To do this, you need to study a number of important nuances, which will prevent the destruction of the rock. They will be discussed below.

It is worth noting that coniferous samples are the strongest tree that can actively resist the process of decay. There are a number of reasons that affect the ability of trees to withstand the influence of moisture and the development of putrefactive processes on them. This is the degree of moisture of the selected material, its density and the presence of various flaws.

When talking about the moisture content of a tree, one separates the free and bound species. The first option is characterized by a high rate of water evaporation from the rock surface. The second type is associated with a similar process, the course of which noticeably slows down, it can stretch for several years. Usage special technique drying significantly speeds up this process.

Excess bound moisture affects the strength of the wood. With its increase, we can talk about a decrease in the strength of the tree. At the moment of drying the base, moisture first comes out of the surface layer, and a little later - from the middle part of the log. As a result, there is tension inside. However, rotting and cracked wood is not suitable for construction work.

Speaking of tree species, a distinction should be made in them in terms of hardness and softness. The following division has been adopted:

• rocks with a soft base (spruce, fir, aspen, linden, alder, cedar);
• hardwoods (elm, birch, maple, larch, elm, apple tree);
• especially hard materials (dogwood, hornbeam, boxwood).

What causes wood to rot?

The tree can be exposed to such influences as temperature fluctuations, dampness, hot weather, intense winds. Under the influence of such adverse influences any tree species will not be able to withstand their destructive effects. On their surface, you can see mold, fungus, followed by the destruction of the rock. Therefore, wood processing is required. Now we should talk about the factors that result in such phenomena.

Are all parts of any building equally affected by such influences? For the most part, these elements will be those that are most often in contact with the environment. Basically, these are the premises of the basement floors, cellars, window structures. However, one should not think that other parts of the building from the inside cannot be destroyed. They are also at risk.

The problem of rotting surfaces has always existed. In ancient times, this problem was solved by harvesting a tree in the fall and drying it before the onset of a warm period. Modern methods of surface drying are based on more diverse methods of exposure. What means help the tree to overcome negative external influences?

Design features of wood protection from moisture

Good protection against moisture conventional oil paint. The best means will be various antiseptic compounds and dyes of a porous base. The most common design methods include:

• isolation of wooden bases from contact with soil, concrete, stone, metal;
• weather protection;
• arrangement of the ventilation system of the building.

It is good if the devices of the carrier plan are open, well ventilated and provide open access for inspection. An indispensable requirement will be the arrangement of wood waterproofing, which does not allow contact with soil, metal, stone.

One of the most adverse effects on wood is condensation. We must try to avoid such consequences. For this reason, this material is not recommended to be located in places where periodic changes in temperature are observed. The best environment for it will be a room with existing heating or an outdoor location. Wooden fences should be equipped with additional ventilation, as well as hinged structures in the form of a cornice or small canopies. They provide protection from the rain.

However, all these measures are not enough. To completely prevent rotting of the base, additional processing is needed, developed in the complex. It is very important to use various antiseptic compositions here.

Treatment with antiseptics

The application of antiseptics to the surface of the wood creates a reliable coating that protects against decay.

Modern industry has a wide variety of solutions presented to help make the desired wood coating. As a result, the tree will be reliably protected, it will become a strong and monolithic foundation, bearing positive fruit over a significant period of time.

How to choose the right antiseptic? For this, the following aspects must be taken into account:

• level of toxicity regarding interaction with fungi;
• foundation stability;
• the ability to go deep into the plane of the tree;
• Does it smell?
• harmlessness concerning people and animals;
• inability to change the quality indicators of wood;
• the presence in the composition of substances that prevent corrosion.

Concerning necessary tools, then for processing is usually used:

• brushes;
• roller;
• empty containers;
• spray;
• ordinary sponges and others (for example, the same broom).

Varieties of antiseptic solutions

Antiseptics for wood processing are of the following categories:

• oil;
• water soluble;
• organically soluble;
• pasty.

Water-soluble compounds protect the source from dampness and washing out with water. This includes:

1. sodium fluoride. This substance is white, odorless. Its characteristics are associated with excellent performance. It easily enters the cavity of the wood, but is also washed out in a short time. It has no effect on the strength of the foundation, does not cause it to warp. For a course of treatment of any structure, a mixture of 4% is used.
2. Sodium silicon fluoride. It has a similar consistency, but contains slight differences in color, with a greyish tint present. A substance of this purpose gives excellent results when combined with the previously considered mixture and soda ash. It has the same characteristics as the previous version. It contains no toxic substances.
3. Ammonium silicofluoride is an odorless substance white color. In practice, a solution of 5-10% is used. It can be washed out very easily. This substance does not affect the surface of the wood in any way. They treat any surface of natural rocks. After such actions, the base becomes incredibly resistant to burning, which is very important.
4. The composition of BBK-3 is a substance consisting of boric acid and borax. It dissolves well and does not have a harmful effect on living organisms.

Additional antiseptics

Agents having an organosoluble value appear to be compounds produced from petroleum products such as pentachlorophenol. They actively and deeply penetrate into the wood. However, such treatment is associated with a sufficient risk of intoxication.

The drug NML is a solvent obtained from extracts of oil, copper naphthenate.

It is very toxic. The degree of penetration into the plane of the tree species is quite high. A small drawback is the acquisition of a green tint. Such processing leads to the fact that the wood does not stick together. For dissolution, kerosene, fuel oil or another substance is taken.

The presence of oily antiseptic substances is represented various options: shale, coal, anthracene oil. These solutions perfectly disinfect the surface, but they smell strongly and unpleasantly. It turns out coloring dark shades brown tones, high resistance to water washout, inability to warp. Similar solutions are used to finish sleepers, piles, parts of bridge structures, as well as various devices located under water.

A wooden house is an environmentally friendly and safe housing that will never lose popularity. Natural wood does not emit toxic hazardous substances, has a pleasant forest aroma and promotes a rapid exchange of oxygen. Always in this house Fresh air, comfortable environment and cozy atmosphere.

Logs are easy to stack, which reduces installation time. Due to their low weight, they do not require a deep expensive foundation. And thanks to the natural beauty and aesthetics of the materials, serious and expensive finishing is not required.

However, wooden houses have a significant disadvantage. Wood - natural material, which is subjected to negative influence environment. The sun's rays, moisture and precipitation, insects lead to the fact that the material gradually darkens and collapses. Mold, cracks and fungus appear, and the structure loses its original appearance. To avoid these problems, it is necessary to process the log house inside and out with the help of various means.

Why do we need to process the log house from the outside

• Protects wood from destruction;
• For a long time it retains the original appearance of a bathhouse or a log house;
• Prevents the appearance of fungus and rot;
• Interferes with influence of insects and moisture;
• Increases service life wooden house or baths;
• Improves the aesthetic qualities of logs, if necessary, you can change the appearance of the facade, get the desired color, shade or shine;
• Fire retardant treatment is a must for a log home, as fire is a significant threat to timber.

What means to choose

Today the market offers a lot of tools for processing a log house inside and out. It is important that they are environmentally friendly and retain the natural properties of wood. In addition, the products must perform the protective functions of the tree from moisture, insects and other negative factors. Decorative properties are also of great importance. There are four main groups of funds that will be needed to process the house from the outside:

1. Antiseptics are deeply absorbed into the wood, increasing the resistance of logs to moisture and microbes. Among antiseptic agents, wax, protective varnish and oils are distinguished. They destroy mold and blue.
2. Flame retardants prevent the spread of fire. At elevated temperatures, the composition of the product comes out of the log and forms a protective film. Such products prevent flash ignition and resist open fire few hours.
3. Preservative solutions and impregnations keep the wood in good condition. Special impregnating materials keep the surface smooth and even, prevent cracks. And film-forming compounds also create a water-repellent barrier. For these purposes, a primer or wood oils are suitable.
4. Protective finishes are more intended for decorating wood. These are paints and varnishes for wood. They protect the wooden surface from fading and dirt. There are also special bleaching compounds that will not allow the wood to darken over time.

Do not choose one tool that will immediately protect against mold and rot, insects and fire, while still performing decorative functions. Practice shows that such impregnations are not very effective. To achieve a high-quality and durable result, it is better to use fire retardants, antiseptics and decorative paints and varnishes separately.

Top best outdoor woodworking products

How to process a log house from the outside

• For the first time, the log house is treated with antiseptics inside and out immediately after assembly. Pay special attention to the processing of ends and logs in contact with the foundation. Antiseptics are applied in two layers;
• Primary processing cannot be desired at temperatures below 10-12 degrees!;
• The next processing is done after the log has completely dried and the log house has shrinked. This takes 6-12 months. This finish implies the final complex and multi-layer processing of the house, which will protect the log for a long time. It is important to apply antiseptics on a dry and clean wood surface!;
• Before processing, the logs are ground to remove the top layer, in which fungus and microbes have accumulated during shrinkage. It will remove the defects of the log and level the surface. Sanding wooden walls is a must for an old house, as it is important to completely remove the old coating;

• Processing with a brush will take a lot of time, but it will become the highest quality, most effective and durable. Spray guns are used to speed up the process. But for processing ends, corners and hard-to-reach places, take only a brush;
• First of all, antiseptic agents are applied in two or three layers. After drying, the wood is treated with flame retardants in one or two layers and also left to dry. The next layer is a primer. It will protect the wood from cracking and level the walls;
• Carefully process the ends. These parts of the logs absorb moisture faster than others, and therefore are more prone to rotting. To avoid this, each end processing is done in 4-5 layers;
• The final stage is a decorative coating that will preserve the appearance of the house and protect the surface from damage. sun rays. With the help of colored paints and varnishes, a certain color or shade, matte or glossy shine is achieved. If you want to preserve the natural color of the wood, use transparent paints.

How and how to paint a log cabin outside

Painting is the final stage of processing the log house outside and inside. Today there are many different paints and varnishes. For outdoor painting, choose rough and resistant compounds. Consider the popular types of funds:

• Glazing transparent varnishes will retain color and emphasize the texture of wood, protect the surface from moisture, mold and rot;
• Covering opaque varnishes will help to achieve the desired gloss and shade, protect from insects, high humidity and ultraviolet radiation;
• Oil paints penetrate deep into the structure of the log, keep the surface from moisture and dirt. But they dry for a long time (two weeks) and eventually lose color !;
• Acrylic paints and water-based varnishes are natural safe products that provide a dense elastic coating. They protect against moisture, cracking and fungus. Such compositions allow the tree to "breathe", but are expensive;
• Alkyd varnishes form a hard and even surface, retain their color for a long time and provide protection against moisture. However, such products do not allow the wood to "breathe", which eventually causes the log to dry out and crack;
• Yacht varnish is suitable for places with high humidity and big amount precipitation. This is a reliable protection against moisture, which is not affected by the weather and temperature extremes. Such a varnish does not fade and prevents yellowing of wood, however, when painting, it emits an unpleasant odor;
• Stain is an affordable and cheap way to finish a log house inside and out. It protects against fungus and pests, does not disturb the pattern of wood and makes the color more saturated. However, stain requires subsequent varnishing;
• Oils and waxes are eco-friendly, safe products that are deeply absorbed into the wood and protect the logs from moisture and dirt. Wax will give the surface a translucent matte sheen.

To qualitatively paint the log house, wait for the primer to dry completely. Stir thoroughly before painting. First, paint is applied in two or three layers. Before applying each new layer, wait until the previous one is completely dry. For painting, use a roller, for hard-to-reach places, corners and ends - a brush.

When using an airbrush, it is not always possible to achieve an even and smooth coating. In addition, unpainted areas may remain. Last layer Apply paint in a thin layer from top to bottom.

After complete drying of the paint, varnish is applied in two or three layers. For an even coverage without buildup, let each coat dry, applying the product in long, even strokes. For decorative coating you can use only varnish or only paint. However, the use of both means will consolidate the result and enhance the effect, enhance protection and increase the operational life of the wood.

If you do not know which means for processing the house inside or outside to choose, contact MariSru b for help. Masters of the company will help you choose the right materials, qualitatively and quickly perform the processing and painting of a wooden house or bath!

Moisture and rot are interrelated: fungal growths appear where there is dampness. Impregnation for wood against moisture and decay in a modern design combines protection against both misfortunes. But in previous centuries, people paid more attention to the protection of wood from sputum, considering it to be the root cause of any appearance of mold.

The logging was arranged, as a rule, in the fall so that before the summer it was possible to remove moisture from the fallen tree. After that, lumber was already made from a log, and the likelihood of rot in it when proper storage negligible. Moreover, the drying will continue further.

The resistance of wood to decay is higher in resinous species, for which they are valued when fixing underground mine workings. In old abandoned developments, larch racks are in excellent condition even after half a century. Nowadays, it has become easier to deal with water in wooden structures thanks to new impregnating materials.

Moisture protection

If we talk about protecting wood only from dampness, then there are such methods. But when it comes to preventing rotting, this problem is solved in a complex way: the effect of water as a catalyst for the process is also limited, and microorganisms that can cause rot are blocked. Ways to protect wood from moisture:

1. Paintwork. Surface treated different colors special paints or varnishes. The effectiveness of protection by this method leaves much to be desired, and one cannot do without constant updating of the layer. But some modern dyes contain antifungal additives. Lacquers should be selected in such a way that they contain elastic polymers that do not allow cracking of the outer layer, or absorb the varnish without forming a film.
2. More reliable and long-term protection of wood from moisture is achieved by impregnation with special solutions to fill existing cracks. But this requires equipment for the size of structures: autoclaves or baths. Working compositions also include antiseptics, and sealed slots will not allow harmful insects to penetrate.
3. Tar coating is carried out if the elements of wooden structures are installed in the ground, where there is constant dampness. The surface painted with a black viscous mass does not look very attractive, but it protects very reliably, for example, properly treated railway sleepers serve for a century.
4. Used engine oil is used to waterproof the underground part of pillars or logs. As with tar coating, the product looks ugly, but this method is often used in order to dispose of the lubricant.

Rot Protection

IN pure form not used, usually performed in combination with protection from water, since the source of decay is dampness. It is the result of sharp temperature fluctuations and direct exposure to precipitation, and indoors it is high humidity and lack of ventilation. Most often rot wooden surfaces in direct contact with the external environment: window frames, surface crowns of log cabins and pillars buried in the ground.

The internal elements of housing construction can also rot if the ventilation mode is not observed. Ways to combat this fungal disease will be discussed below.

With the use of special types of structures

To avoid moisture wooden devices measures for this are already taken at the design stage. There are certain rules, using which you can significantly reduce the risk of infection with fungal rot:

1. Protect the building from atmospheric precipitation.
2. Disconnect contacts with the ground, concrete and stone foundations and metal beams using waterproofing. The top of the foundations themselves should be above ground level. A blind area is a must.
3. Provide ventilation, and provide access to the elements of the structure for routine inspections for signs of disease or the appearance of harmful insects.
4. Use for construction only material previously dried during the year.
5. In places of contrasting temperatures, structural elements should be covered with thermal insulation.

It is much more reliable to protect a tree from decay by impregnation with antiseptics. Moreover, it is not too late to do this even if the rot disease was detected during the next preventive inspection of the structures.

Processing with special solutions

Antiseptics are drugs that prevent the processes of decay by inhibiting the growth of microbes or completely destroying them. To protect wood, any mixture with the use of these substances must also include a component that protects the product from the penetration of water drops into it.

Beneficial features such chemical solutions:

• toxicity to fungal formations;
• indelible durability;
• high degree of permeability;
• no unpleasant odor;
• does not have a harmful effect on people and animals;
• neutral composition does not cause corrosion of fasteners.

Processing of wood from decay and moisture is carried out before its installation in the structure. Antiseptics are produced in the form of solutions of various viscosities:

1. Water-soluble based on powders of sodium fluoride and silicofluoride (concentration 4%) with excipients: chalk, cement, lime, soda ash and gypsum. And also on a dry substrate, ammonium silicofluoride was made, its content in the liquid is 5-10%. On the basis of mixtures - preparations BBK-3 (boric acid and borax), HCC (chromic peak and zinc chloride), MCC (the same substances and blue vitriol), the last 2 are toxic. And finally, the GR-48 agent is a liquid with pentachlorophenol (2-5%).
2. If wood that has not been dried in a timely manner is put into operation, then it is better to cover the tree from decay and moisture with an organic-soluble antiseptic such as PL, which is pentachlorophenol dissolved in light petroleum products like diesel fuel or kerosene. This mixture is highly toxic and has good penetrating power. Another agent of this class is labeled NML - copper naphthenate diluted in fuel oil or solvent naphtha. Has the same properties.
3. Oily are considered the most effective, but have a strong smell. These are oily liquids: coal, shale and anthracene. They are very resistant, do not wash out with water and are neutral, do not cause corrosion. They are often used for coating pillars (their underground part), sleepers, piles and elements of underwater structures.
4. Antiseptic pastes have a thicker consistency. They are made from the above water-soluble mixtures, filler (peat powder) and binding components - liquid glass, bitumen and clay. The ends of log beams and poles are treated with viscous substances, which tend to absorb moisture well, and as an additional measure they are also waterproofed.

There are other means to protect wood from decay and moisture. For example, healthy timber is often coated with a mixture of dilute sulfuric acid (5%) and potassium bichromate (5%).

Availability of protective solutions in the distribution network

Most often, wood processing products of complex action are sold, combining the properties of antiseptics, fire retardants (from fire) and waterproofing materials. Here are some of their varieties:

1. Polymer preparations - aimed at preventing mold, blue and decay, and also contain salts of tin, chromium and zinc that prevent the appearance of microorganisms. These are absolutely harmless to humans brands Bicidol, Vuprotek and Pinotex.
2. Biopyrents - SenezhBio belongs to this class. And biocidal compositions of the DL series (wood healer), all of which provide protection against mold, microorganisms and insects.
3. Antiseptics-flame retardants work against rot, and give products fire resistance. Popular brands are VIM-1, Aquabor, Biokron, Novotex, VAK-48D, Pirilax, Pinotex.

The main Russian manufacturers are the Yaroslavl Antiseptic and Senezh companies, NPO NORT LLC. When choosing how to process a tree, you should pay attention to the manufacturer. These companies can be trusted.

Make your own protection

To process wooden structures, it is not necessary to involve a team of specialists. You can do it yourself, but you must follow some rules. Before painting surfaces, you need to clean them of dirt, and it is good if the weather is dry and warm.

Some tips:

• apply aqueous solutions with an airbrush, thicker ones with a brush or roller;
• you should not forget about others - some drugs emit a pungent odor;
• it is necessary to work in a respirator or mask, overalls;
• there should be no children and pets near the object;
• compliance with the manufacturer's dosage is mandatory.

Surfaces must be treated at the intervals specified in the instructions. The antiseptic consumption depends on its viscosity, it is in the range of 100-400 g per m². The most economical is the spray method.

Harmfulness

Contact with the drug on the skin or its vapors in the lungs can cause negative reactions of the body, which manifest themselves in the form of an allergy: rash, redness and itching. Protecting the rights of consumers, the legislator established a ban on the sale of highly toxic antiseptics for domestic use.

After application, the solution dries or hardens, the smell disappears, and with it the danger to humans disappears. For the environment, the mixtures are neutral in terms of the composition of the components: they decompose under the influence of sunlight and the most powerful natural oxidizing agent - atmospheric oxygen.

Materials for self-use

Most often protected wooden crafts commercially available or commercially available liquids or powders by dissolving them in water. It can be:

• silicate glue;
• waste machine or linseed oil;
• bitumen and tar;
• slaked lime and a mixture of table salt with boric acid.

Since ancient times, the materials used to this day have been used in the construction of a wooden house. These ones folk remedies:

• copper sulfate - it is dissolved at the rate of 100 g per bucket;
• soda and vinegar;
• resin.

Thus, the protection of wood from decay has always been carried out, and there are many different means and methods. They are constantly being improved, as evidenced by their wide range.